HIC & SSC Test Procedure
HIC & SSC Test Procedure
HFY-CON/F&C0940-0964
HFY-CON/F&C0940-0964
PEG PO No : PE19518-050
ITEM DESCRIPTION : SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS (UNIT 1401, 1501)
DOCUMENT REF. :
HIC TESTING PROCEDURE: BCTS-M-STP-014_Rev.003
SSC TESTING PROCEDURE : BCTS-M-STP-011_Rev.02
QA/QC Manager
REVIEWED & APPROVED_ Client /TPI
BEST CHOICE TESTING SERVICES
Table of Contents
1. Scope ____________________________________________________________ 3
2. Reference _________________________________________________________ 3
3. Test Solution ______________________________________________________ 3
4. Testing Apparatus _________________________________________________ 3
5. Test specimens ____________________________________________________ 3
6. Test Procedure ____________________________________________________ 4
7. Evaluation, reporting ______________________________________________ 5
8. Acceptance Criteria 6
1. Scope
1.1. This test procedure describes the testing of evaluating the resistance of SHELL
& TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS (UNIT 1401, 1501) Materials to Hydrogen
Inducted Cracking caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide
corrosion.
1.2. The test procedure consists of exposing an unstressed test specimen to solution
A at ambient temperature and pressure. The test specimen is removed and
evaluated after a specified time which is specified in NACE TM 0284:2016 &
NACE TM-0177:2016
2. Reference
2.1. NACE TM 0284-2016 Standard test method Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure
Vessel Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking
2.2. NACE TM-0177-2016 Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to SSC in H2S
environments. (Acceptance Criteria)
3. Test Solution
4. Testing Apparatus
4.1. The test may be performed in any convenient airtight vessel large enough to
accommodate the specimens with provisions for purging of Nitrogen and
introduction of Hydrogen Sulphide.
5. Test specimens
5.2. Full thickness of the specimen may be used up to 30mm Thick & for any
thickness greater than 30mm Thick the test specimen shall be limited to 30mm
Thick & staggered throughout the thickness. However, 1 mm maximum may be
removed from inside and outside of the plate but shall not be flattened.
5.3. For Plates up to 30mm thick, three full thickness specimens shall be taken & for
thickness from 30mm to 88mm thick, three test specimens each 30mm thick near
both surfaces and at the centre line shall be drawn to cover full plate thickness.
For plates over 88mm thick, five or more specimens each 30mm thick shall be
taken evenly in through – thickness direction. Minimum overlap should be 1mm.
5.4. Blank specimens may be removed by any convenient methods. If cut with gas,
complete heat affected zone should be removed by sawing, machining or
grinding.
5.5. All six surface of each specimen shall be ground and finished with 320 grit
paper.
5.6. All six surfaces shall be exposed to the test solution after initial evaluation.
5.7. Before exposure, each specimen shall be degreased with acetone or other
appropriate solvent. Specimen shall be stored in a desiccator for period of 24
hours maximum. If kept longer they shall be polished again, before exposure.
5.8. After exposure the specimens are cleaned with detergent and wire brush to
remove scales and deposits. Methods which may promote hydrogen absorption
shall not be applied during the process of cleaning.
6. Test Procedure
6.1. Specimens are placed in test vessel horizontally with the wide face in vertical
position, separated from each other and from the wall by using a glass - rod of 6
mm or any other non-metallic rods.
6.2. Any number of specimens can be exposed at the same time as long as the ratio of
volume of solution to specimen is maintained.
6.3. After the specimens are placed, solution is filled in the vessel, and then sealed,
before purging and saturating with H2S.
6.4. The vessel is then purged with air or Nitrogen for at least one hour at a rate of 100
cc per min per litre of solution.
6.5. After purging, H2S gas shall be bubbled through the solution to achieve and
maintain saturation. The rate of bubbling shall be at least 200 cc per min per litre
of solution for the first one hour and 10 cc per litre min thereafter.
6.6. The concentration of H2S in the test solution shall be measured by Iodometic
titration and shall be minimum of 2300ppm at the end of test.
6.7. The ratio of volume of solution to the total surface area of the specimens shall be 3
ml per cm2 minimum.
6.12. The test solution temperature during contact with specimen shall be 25 ± 3ºC.
All the faces to be examined shall be subjected to either wet magnetic particle testing or
macroetching prior to final metallographic polishing.
Each section shall be polished from 120, 240, 320, 400, 600, & 1,200 grit sizes and
micron Diamond paste to achieve 1-micron surface finish & the polished surface is
etched & evaluated through microscope to identify the cracks present if any.
Report shall include photograph at 1X after exposure to H2S. Polished and etched
microstructure of sample.
The individual CSR, CLR and CTR shall be reported for each of the three specimens
from each coupon and average of these also to be reported.
The number and area of hydrogen blistering on surface of specimen shall be reported.
The macro photos or charts shall be included into the report, together with photos or
charts of hydrogen blistering on specimen surface.
Acceptance Criteria:
Background
The weld plate samples with the details mentioned below were delivered to Best Choice Testing Services (BCTS) by
“XXXXXXXXXX for “Evaluation of the potential for stepwise cracking (Hydrogen Induced Cracking, HIC) in a sour
environment”. The testing was carried out in accordance with NACE TM 0284:2016. (For Service in SSC region 1, 2 & 3)
General
The report is divided into several sections. The Background section of the report includes information pertaining to test
samples supplied by the client. Best Choice Testing Services establishes findings during the course of testing in the visual
examination section and subsequent sections of the report. A set of three specimens are taken from the weld plate samples as
per the code. The samples were identified as ‘A’, ‘B’, & ‘C’. Samples were machined as indicated in figure # 1 and they were
rough ground by surface grinder followed by final polishing to a 320-grit finish using silicon carbide paper. The specimens were
degreased as per clause 4.4.1 of NACE TM 0284-2016 [ASTM F.21-65 (2002)].
Specimen Dimension:
Length Width
Sample No Test Coupons Actual Thickness, mm
(100 ± 1), mm (20 ± 1), mm
A
M 2974 B
C
The samples after testing were cleaned with Acetone and then visually examined.
Visual Examination
After cleaning, the wide surfaces of each specimen were examined and photographed at approximately one power
magnification. Photographs of both wide faces of each tested sample are included at the end of the report along with their
identification. No Blistering was observed on the surface of the samples.
Metallurgical Examination
After the visual examination, the specimens were sectioned as indicated in Figure # 2. Each
specimen were ground and polished with 120, 240, 320, 400, 600 abrasive papers, followed by 6, 3,
1-micron diamond paste, and 0.05-micron alumina powder using velvet cloth for examination
Acceptance criteria
Acceptance criteria as per Client requirement
(a) Crack length ratio (CLR) ≤ 15 %
(b) Crack Thickness Ratio (CTR) ≤ 5 %
(c) Crack sensitivity ratio (CSR) ≤ 2 %
Results
CLR CTR CSR
Sample
BCTS # RESULT
ID
1 2 3 AVG 1 2 3 AVG 1 2 3 AVG
A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M 2974 B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pass
C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sample - A
Sample - B
Sample - C
Side -A
Sample - A
Sample - B
Sample - C
Side -B
Un-etched Etched
Sub Sample 1 – Parent Metal
Un-etched Etched
Sub Sample 2 – Weld Metal
Table of Contents
1 GENERAL _______________________________________________________ 4
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS _______________________________________ 5
3 SCOPE __________________________________________________________ 5
4 REAGENTS ______________________________________________________ 6
5 MATERIAL PROPERTIES _________________________________________ 6
6 TEST VESSELS AND FIXTURES ___________________________________ 6
7 TEST SOLUTION _________________________________________________ 7
8 TEST METHOD - B ________________________________________________ 6
1.1. GENERAL
1.2. Sulfide stress cracking of metals exposed to oil-field environments
containing Hydrogen Sulfide has been recognized as a material failure
problem for many years. Extremely low concentration of H2S may be
sufficient to lead to SSCC failure of susceptible materials. In some
cases, however, failure may be the result of localized anodic corrosion
processes where hydrogen may or may not be involved. In some
alloys, SSCC failures are generally believed to result from Hydrogen
embrittlement. When Hydrogen is cathodically evolved on the surface
of a metal, the presence of Hydrogen Sulfide tends to cause Hydrogen
atoms to enter the metal, rather than from Hydrogen molecules that
cannot enter the metal. In the metal, Hydrogen atoms diffuse to
regions of high triaxial tensile stress or to some microstructural
configurations where they become trapped and decrease the ductility
of the metal. Although there are several kinds of cracking damage that
can occur in metals, delayed brittle fracture of metals resulting from the
combined action of corrosion in a sulfide environment and tensile
stresses is the phenomenon known as Sulfide Stress Cracking.
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
2.1. NACE TM 0177-2016 (Test method - Laboratory testing of metals for
resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking
in H2S Environments).
2.2. NACE TM 0284-2016 (Standard test method-Evaluation of pipeline
and pressure vessel steels for resistance to Hydrogen Induced
Cracking).
2.3. ASTM D 1193 – 06(2018) (Standard specification for reagent water).
2.4. ASTM A370 - 2020 (Mechanical testing of steel products).
2.5. ASTM G49 – 85(2019) (Preparation and use of Direct Tension Stress-
Corrosion test specimens).
2.6. ASTM G39 – 99(2016) (Preparation and use of Bent-Beam Stress-
Corrosion test specimens).
2.7. API 5L 45th EDITION (2012) KOC-MS-001 PT.1REV.02 CRT-KOC-
MS-001, KOC-MP-026, KOC-G-004&CRITERIA, KOC-Q-014, NACE
MR0175/ISO15156-2015
2.8. HFY-3800-0000-MEC-SPC-0007 SPECIFICATION FOR WELDED
PRESSURE VESSELS.
2.9. HFY-3800-0000-MEC-SPC-0010 SPECIFICATION FOR SHELL &
TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER & MR (HFY – 3800 – 0000 – MEC – MR –
0305).
3. SCOPE
4. REAGENTS
4.1. Reagent Purity: The gases, sodium chloride, acetic acid and solvents
shall be reagent or chemically pure (99.5% minimum purity) grade
chemicals.
4.3. For this test method, inert gas shall be used for removal of oxygen.
Inert gas shall mean high purity nitrogen, argon or other suitable non-
reactive gas.
5. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
5.1. Tensile testing shall be carried out on two samples to determine yield
and ultimate strengths, elongation and reduction in area for the material.
6.1. Vessels shall be capable of being purged to remove oxygen before the
test is begun and also capable of keeping air out during the test. Vessel
shall withstand 1 " water back pressure to prevent oxygen entry through
small leaks or by diffusion up the vent line.
6.3. Vessels shall be constructed of materials that are inert to the test
environment.
7.1. Test solution shall consist of an acidified H2S saturated aqueous brine
solution environment. Initial pH shall be approximately 2.7. During the
test, pH may increase, but shall not exceed 4.0.
7.2. All reagents added to the test solutions shall be measured to + 1.0% of
the quantities specified.
7.4. Standard Tensile test solution shall consist of 5.0 wt % NaCl and 0.5 Wt
% Glacial acetic acid in distilled or deionized water.
7.5. Standard Bent-Beam test solution shall consist of 0.5 wt% Glacial acetic
acid in distilled or deionized water.
8. TEST METHOD - B
STANDARD BENT-BEAM TEST (Four-point bend test as per ASTM G39-99(2016)
8.6. Stress Calculations: Calculate the elastic stress for the mid-portion of the
specimen (between contact points of the inner support) in the outer fibres of
specimens from the following relationship:
S = 12Ety / (3H2 - 4A2)
where, S = maximum tensile stress, N/mm2
E= modulus of elasticity, psi
t= thickness of specimen, mm
y= maximum deflection,
H= distance between outer supports, and, mm
A= distance between inner and outer supports, mm
The alternative method of calculating the elastic stress between the inner
supports is as follows:
S = 4Ety'/ h2
where, h = distance between inner supports, mm and
y'= deflection between inner supports.
8.7.3. Clean the stressed specimens and place them in the test vessel.
8.7.4. The test vessel is filled immediately with deaerated solution and
sealed. This deaerated solution shall be prepared in a sealed
vessel that is purged with inert gas for at least one hour per litre of
solution at a rate of at least 100-ml/ min. The solution, once in the
test cell, should be purged with inert gas for at least 20 minutes.
The solution is then saturated with H2S at a rate of 100 to 200 ml /
min for 20 minutes per litre of solution.
8.7.5. The test shall be terminated after 30 days or when all specimens
have failed, whichever occurs first.
8.9.1. Fail/ no-fail data and pseudo stress values shall be presented.
Background
The samples with the details mentioned below were delivered to Best Choice
Testing Services (BCTS) by “XXXXXXXXXXXX”, for “evaluation of the potential
for Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSCC) by NACE TM 0177 Method B (four-point
bend test) with test solution A in a sour environment”. The testing was carried out
in accordance with NACE TM 0177:2016 & ASTM G 39 - 2005
Sample Welder Name / Process / PWHT
BCTS # WPS No Material
Size ID Position Condition
General
The sampling and testing method employed were in accordance with ASTM G39
and solution ‘A’ in accordance with NACE TM 0177 Method” B”. Evaluation of
specimens were conducted immediately after testing. One set of three specimens
was machined and prepared as per required dimensions to fit the Jig. All specimens
were stressed to 80% actual yield strength as required by client . Deflection gauge
were utilized during stressing the specimen to obtain exact test stress level. All
specimens were exposed in one test cell containing the test solution for 30 Days
(720 Hrs), and H2S bubbling done as required by the specification.
Figure 1 -- Four points bend specimen orientation (Sketch for illustration only)
Deflection of Samples
BCTS Specimen ID / AYS for Test TEST
AYS % Deflection
Sample # PQR # (80%) COUPONS
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
Test Parameters
Test Solution NACE TM0177 Method “B” Solution-“A”
Test Temperature Start 24°C / End 25°C
Test Duration 720 Hrs
Initial 2.70
Start of Test 3.04
First Week 3.18
Test Solution pH
Second Week 3.26
Third Week 3.44
Final 3.58
Initial 2,420
First Week 2,471
H2S Concentration (ppm) Second Week 2,539
Third Week 2,590
Final 2,641
Loading Date & Time XXXXX & XXXX
Unloading Date & Time XXXXX & XXXX
The samples after testing were cleaned with Acetone and then visually examined.
Visual Examination
After exposure, Specimens were removed from the vessel and were observed under the 10x
Magnification after cleaning.
Scales from the surface of the specimens were removed using wire brush. Photographs were
taken after cleaning the specimen and observed under 10x magnification.
Observations
None of the specimens displayed any evidence of Sulfide Stress Cracking.
Conclusions
The specimens tested meet the acceptance criteria of NACE TM 0177:2016 & ASTM G 39 - 2005
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side A
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side B
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side A
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side B
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side A
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side B
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side A
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Side B