A

MICRO PROJECT
REPORT ON

“PEREPARE REPORT ON ANY FOUR ELECTRICAL

APPLICATION IN SMART CITIES”

FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

Mr. OM RAJU BANKAR

Mr. AYUSH SANTOSH KORE

Mr. SHIVRAJ ASARAM BAHEKAR

Mr. ADITYA BABSAHEB BHAVAR

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. A.M. POTE SIR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

CSMSS COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD

MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA 2022 -2023
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certification of completion

This is to certify that Mr.om raju bankar, Mr.ayush santosh kore, Mr.shivraj
asaram bahekar, Mr.aditya babsaheb bhavar. has successfully completed
“TYPE OF SWITCHES ” Micro project as in the enclosed completion of
Diploma in Electrical Engineering from CSMSS College Of Polytechnic.

Institute Code: 1152

Prof. A.M. Pote Prof. C.V. Rahane Dr. Ganesh B. Dongre

(Subject teacher) (H.O.D) (Principal)
(Dept. of Electrical Eng.) (Dept. of Electrical Eng.) (CSMSS College of Polytechnic,Abad)
 INDEX
Sr. No. Content Page no.

1 RATIONAL

2 AIM/BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

3 COURSE OUTCOME ACCHIEVED

4 LITERATURE REVIEW

5 ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED

6 RESOURCES USED

7 OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT

8 SKILL DEVELOPMENT

9 APPLICATION OF THE MICRO-PROJECT

10 REFERENCES
 1.0 RATIONALE

Electrical diploma engineers (also called as electrical technologists) are

required to work as supervisors in small and large scale industries the
construction field. They should be well equipped with the skills of wiring
related to the electrical engineering field. They should also be able to
select relevant electrical materials and accessories for different
applications while carrying out original works or maintenance works.
Hence they should be well conversant with the specifications of material
as per the applications. This course will arm the students to face such
situations successfully with confidence.

➢ COMPENTENCY

Aim of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry
I identified competency through various teaching learning experiences:-

• Plan and carry out wiring/cabling activities using relevant materials

following safe practices.

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2.0 AIM/BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
Aim: -
Electrical Switches Are Used To Perform
All The Electrical Functions. From A Fan
To Bulb, Every Electrical Equipment We
Use In Our Day To Day Life Is Useless
Without A Switch! A Switch Is Designed
To Break Or Make The Flow Of
Connectivity In The Electronic Circuit
Automatically Or Manually

Benefits: -

• Increases Capacity – They increment the accessible data transfer capacity of the
organization.
• Reduces Burden –
• Increment Presentation –
• Less casing Impacts –
• Straightforward –
• Increases Bandwidth –
• Less frame collisions –
• More secure

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 Course Cade:

COURSE OUTCOME ACCHIEVED

The theory, practical experiences and relevant soft skills associated with this
course are to be taught and implemented, so that the student demonstrates
the following industry oriented COs associated with the above mentioned
competency:
a. Follow safe practices when undertaking electrical works.
b. Select relevant conductors and electromagnetic/magnetic materials.
c. Select relevant insulating materials.
d. Perform different types of electrical wiring/cabling activities.
Implement relevant earthing systems.

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 4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

we will learn what is a switch, what are the different types of Switches, Mechanical
Switches, Electronic Switches, their symbols and many more things about switches .

A Switch is a device which is designed to interrupt the current flow in a circuit. In

simple words, a Switch can make or break an electrical circuit. Every electrical and
electronics application uses at least one switch to perform ON and OFF operation of
the device.

So, switches are a part of the control system and without it, control operation cannot
be achieved. A switch can perform two functions, namely fully ON (by closing its
contacts) or fully OFF (by opening its contacts).

When the contacts of a switch are closed, the switch creates a closed path for the
current to flow and hence load consumes the power from source. When the contacts
of a switch are open, no power will be consumed by the load as shown in below
figure.

Characteristics of a Switch

Before proceeding further and looking at different types of switches, let us see some
important points on the Characteristics of a Switch.

• The two important characteristics of a switch are its Poles and Throws. A pole
represents a contact and a throw represents a contact-to-contact connection. Number
of poles and throws are used to describe a switch.
• Some standard numbers of poles and throws are Single (1 pole or 1 throw) and
Double (2 poles or 2 switches).
• If the number of poles or throws are greater than 2, then the number is often directly
used. For example, a three pole six throw switch is often represented as 3P6T.
• Another important characteristic of a switch is its action i.e., whether it is a
Momentary or Latched action. Momentary Switches (like push buttons, for example)
are used to make momentary contact (for a brief time or as long the button is
pressed).
• Latched Switches on the hand, maintain the contact until it is forced to the other
position.

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Another important function of a Switch is to divert the flow of electric current in a circuit.
Consider the following circuit. When the switch is in position A, the lamp 1 turns ON and while it
is in position B, lamp 2 turns ON.

There are numerous applications of switch, found in wide variety of fields such as homes,
automobiles, industrial, military, aerospace and so on. In home and office applications, we use
simple rocker switches to turn ON and OFF appliances like lights, computers, fans etc.

In some applications, multi way switching is employed (like building wiring), where two or more
switches are connected to control an electrical load from more than one location, like a Two Way
Switch, for example.

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 Types of Switches

Basically, Switches can be of two types. They are:

• Mechanical
• Electronic

Mechanical Switches are physical switches, which must be activated physically, by

moving, pressing, releasing, or touching its contacts.

Electronic Switches, on the other hand, do not require any physical contact in order to
control a circuit. These are activated by semiconductor action

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Need and benefits analysis of type of switches

A switch in an electronic device is used to interrupt the flow of electricity or electric

current. Electrical switches are binary devices, they can be either completely off or
completely on. In simple English, a switch is an electronic device which is used to
break or make the electronic circuit. As you would have guessed, switches are
important but scarcely deserve the respect that they should be getting. Since the
invention of the first switch, the market has evolved, we have put together a list of
switches currently available, some of them will surprise you!

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TYPES OF SWITCHES DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFICATIONS

ONE-WAY (SINGLE-POLE) ELECTRICAL SWITCH

A one-way or single-pole electrical switch is the most common one in use. They are used
to control lights, fans, or other devices from a single location. It has a simple ON and OFF
marking. This is something you may not find on three-way or four-way switches. A single-
pole or one-way electrical switch generally comes with two brass-colored screw terminals
and is connected to the “hot” (current-carrying) wire, which is usually black. One of the
brass terminals is for the incoming hot (current-carrying) wire, and the other terminal is for
the outgoing hot (current-carrying) wire to the device. Most of the one-way switches also
include a ground terminal for connecting the circuit’s ground wire. A one-way switch
basically operates as a make or break switch. When it is turned ON, the two terminals are
connected, and when it is turned OFF, the contact between the two is broken.

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TWO-WAY (DOUBLE-POLE) ELECTRICAL SWITCH

A two-way or double-pole electrical switch is generally used in industrial applications but

can also be found in some home wiring systems. Like the single-pole switch, a two-way or
a double-pole electrical switch may also have the ON and OFF markings on them. These
switches control a device or equipment from more than one location. A double-pole switch
has four hot brass terminals (instead of two terminals like a one-way). It also has a ground
terminal, allowing you to connect it to two pairs of hot wires. A two-way or double-pole
switch is basically two, one-way switches combined into one. One of the terminals can be
connected to either of the remaining two but both the terminals cannot be connected at the
same time. When you want to make a connection with one terminal, the connection with
the other is broken. The Double-Pole or the Two-way switches are generally used for 30
amps (in comparison to the 15 or 20 amps in case of standard switches), so they are able to
control higher-demand appliances, like motors, and machinery

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. DO NOT DISTURB SWITCH

Entirely different from the regular switches available in the market, this soft touch
operating switch is generally used in places like hospitals and hotels. Do Not Disturb
Switch is generally used to ensure privacy and silence

LIGHT DIMMER / STEPLESS REGULATOR

A light dimmer/stepless regulator is used to control or change the speed of a fan or

sometimes to change the intensity of a light between bright and dim. The regulators
available earlier used to rotate in steps, each step representing a definite level of fan speed,
but the Light Dimmer/Stepless Regulator allows you to rotate it freely without any steps or
levels.

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BELL PUSH SWITCH
A Bell Push switch is connected to a doorbell. So, when the switch is pushed, it rings the
bell connected to it. It can be used at homes, offices or at any other place wherever required.
A Bell Push switch always maintains a broken circuit, unless the button is pressed

These are the types of switches generally available in the market. Apart from these, there is
a wide range of durable and designer electrical switches made by FINOLEX. Switches from
Finolex include durable products like Finolex Premium Plus Switches, which can last for
years and they also have a range of designer switches like Feriha. For best result and
durability, use FINOLEX WIRES & CABLES

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Mechanical Switches

Mechanical switches can be classified into different types based on several factors
such as method of actuation (manual, limit and process switches), number of
contacts (single contact and multi contact switches), number of poles and throws
(SPST, DPDT, SPDT, etc.), operation and construction (push button, toggle, rotary,
joystick, etc.), based on state (momentary and locked switches), etc.

Based on the number of poles and throws, switches are classified into following
types. The pole represents the number of individual power circuits that can be
switched. Most of the switches are designed have one, two or three poles and are
designated as single pole, double pole and triple pole.

The number of throws represents the number of states to which current can pass
through the switch. Most of the switches are designed to have either one or two
throws, which are designated as single throw and double throw switches

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• This is the basic ON and OFF switch consisting of one input contact and one output
contact.
• It switches a single circuit and it can either make (ON) or break (OFF) the load.
• The contacts of SPST can be either normally open or normally closed
configurations

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Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT)

• This switch has three terminals: one is input contact and remaining two are output
contacts.
• This means it consist two ON positions and one OFF position.
• In most of the circuits, these switches are used as changeover to connect the input
between two choices of outputs.
• The contact which is connected to the input by default is referred as normally closed
contact and contact which will be connected during ON operation is a normally open
contact.

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Double Pole Single Throw Switch (DPST)

• This switch consists of four terminals: two input contacts and two output contacts.
• It behaves like a two separate SPST configurations, operating at the same time.
• It has only one ON position, but it can actuate the two contacts simultaneously, such
that each input contact will be connected to its corresponding output contact.
• In OFF position both switches are at open state.
• This type of switches is used for controlling two different circuits at a time.
• Also, the contacts of this switch may be either normally open or normally closed
configurations

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Double Pole Double Throw Switch (DPDT)

• This is a dual ON/OFF switch

consisting of two ON positions.
• It has six terminals, two are input
contacts and remaining four are the
output contacts.
• It behaves like a two separate SPDT
configuration, operating at the same
time.
• Two input contacts are connected to
the one set of output contacts in one
position and in another position,
input contacts are connected to the
other set of output contacts.

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Push Button Switch

• It is a momentary contact switch that makes or breaks connection as long as pressure

is applied (or when the button is pushed).
• Generally, this pressure is supplied by a button pressed by someone’s finger.
• This button returns its normal position, once the pressure is removed.
• The internal spring mechanism operates these two states (pressed and released) of a
push button.
• It consists of stationary and movable contacts, of which stationary contacts are
connected in series with the circuit to be switched while movable contacts are
attached with a push button.
• Push buttons are majorly classified into normally open, normally closed and double
acting push buttons as shown in the above figure.
• Double acting push buttons are generally used for controlling two electrical circuits.

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 6.0 RESOURCES USED

Sr.No. Name of Resource/material Specification Qty. Remarks

1. Internet service Google.com 1

6.01 Action Plan (Sequence and required for major activity)

Sr.No. Details of activity Planned Start Planned Name of
date Finish date Responsible
team Members
1. Collect information of 21/11/2022 03/12/2022
our topic from internet
2. Prepare report on it 21/11/2022 03/12/2022

Name with Enrollment No.

MR.OM RAJU BANKAR (2211520403)
MR. AYUSH SANTOSH KORE (2211520412)
MR. SHIVRAJ ASARAM BAHEKAR (2211520402)
MR. ADITYA BABSAHEB BHAVAR (2211520404)

(Subject teacher)
(Mr. A.M. POTE)

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 Course Cade:

7.0 OUTPUTS OF THE MICRO-PROJECT

The theory, practical experiences and relevant soft skills associated with this course are
to be taught and implemented, so that the student demonstrates the following industry
oriented COs associated with the above mentioned competency:
a. Follow safe practices when undertaking electrical works.
b. Select relevant conductors and electromagnetic/magnetic materials.
c. Select relevant insulating materials.
d. Perform different types of electrical wiring/cabling activities.
Implement relevant earthing systems.

19
SKILL DEVELOPED

1) Leadership. ...
2) Team management. ...
3) Critical Thinking.
4) Task Management

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APPLICATIONS OF THE MICRO-PROJECT

switches can be found in numerous fields such as military, industry, automobiles,

aerospace, domestic & commercial premises, etc. They are used in a number of ways
by employing two or more different kinds of switches. Electronic switches: They don't
require any physical conduit to operate

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10. REFERENCES
1) www.electronicshub.org/switches
2) finolex.com/types-of-electrical-switches-and-their-importance/
3) www.google.com/search?q=switch+circuit+diagram

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