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246 views41 pagesICDE Unit 3 Gyuit
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/ 41
14
VECTOR INTEGRATION
———_JECTORINTEGRATION
A LINE INTEGRAL
Let FO, 92) be a vector function and a curve AB.
Line integral of a vector fun
pa ction F along the curve AB is defined as integral of the
component of F along the ta
ngent to the curve AB.
Component of Patong a tangent PT at P
= Dot product of F and unit vector along PT
2,
G (a.
Gs | gg iS unit vector along tangent
Line integral = rF.e from A to B along the curve
.. Line integral = {(-2] ds = [Pedr
Note (1) Work. If F represents the variable force acting on a particle along arc AB, then
2
the total work done = J Fe dh
2) Circulation. If V represents the velocity of a liquid then § V- dr is called the
circulation of V round the closed cu
I the circulation of V round every close
Irve c. Sn
d curve is zero then V is said to be irrotational
: " : < +
a th th of integration is a closed curve then notation of integration is
en the pat
| ol
- of f. Fa 2eyit30i displaces a particle in the xy-plane from (0, 0)
F = 29
: ‘ample 1. If a force =e ind the work Bone: er
(1, 4) along a curve Y= Faattyj
sia df = dxitdy}
lution, Work done= f Pdr
‘
2 ayfeaayf) carted)
(axryitsn
J
=f ex get 3xy)) ,or
S.Chant Engng Matheny . a
ef O64 2b Ge
vege
(wt,
£ 2535
[eewditeay
$300) 8dr]
sy aegattedy tal
- if on m() -[Pededee)
ee Ae
ne [ F dewhere Pas bay and Cis the bomdary of the square 224643433 r391
i Ae
usx=0,y=0x=aady=a oe.
LF = Yih +h ete [F cai cts tee
(Nagpur Univers, Sommer ay gate JF cretmeteeine
= [Pes | Pte FasL Pw re eee
fey pa dsitdyf, F+ttenf satan7azteofec,
i 7 ole ee daitdyj deh
oe Y fear
ea-[S] =$ @
On AB, xea a=0
(1) becomes,
Pdr = aydy
= vt_2
iF i= [ow =o] t = - |
on BCy=a a=
On CO, x=0, o Podr=0
eecomes
i Fd =0
Owais 2, On, ge
[Fate 2.9.8
Example3.A vector felis given by
F= 0/3) fese}+G2-0 late [Faraone path cise=
Yt, =P fromt = O10 t= 1. (Nagpur University,
Satuton. [Pdr = [ Os+3)de+teae +y2-a)de
Since x=21 yar
= [ +3) 2an+02n0°y dy +(¢-29 02a agration
gxumple 7 R= Oe
F semester
arabe Dy
poteysteb-dayitaky narothand, Semester, Dee. 26H)
Bat4Oni-14y2) + 22h tide + dy + baa
+ Dasdel
) conerpond to 1=Oand t= 1
2468) dy - 48
o1
= fo 9dr 148 20d0 + 207. 3F)
=f 8 - 286 + oor ar
=[o(2)-26(2) + 00(#)],
Pla) #U7)* 9 0)),
Ans.
= 3-446=5
= (x+y?yf-2af + Qych and S is the surface of
is given by A= 18 cos:
0, find ¥ and 7 at any point A,
(Nagpur University, Winter]
Example 6, Te acceleration ofa particle
{the velocty¥ and displacement F be zero
jon. A vector normal to the surface
loon, Webne d= 18053148 sina 6r8
i ee een er worsyeny = (FB og Gy] em 2p = ef
F= faa = 6sinaifescosaifs 32h, oa
i And = aunitvectornoral wo sure
Oapmnngy 50/ato oO) ee
Geshe jena é
On puting th valve of in), we get ‘J
P= 6st scosaifeseh a?
On intep
et
= fat= roosts rsinarhee tajite
we get
“tha = gent
Puting 7 = Ot=0 in
o= ence. J
poring vase oA
=f, pone?
feo-o [St
cfe-neearare af os"
[eee
sample 9. The
‘Pe 18 cos 3if~ 8 sin 2h +
ty P and displacement F? be zero at t= 0,
=f [" xenon
given by
and Fat any point
Solution. Here, T= ix = 18 cos 38 sin 20/ + 61h.
n integring, we have
ais »
fuscossraref fest fra
a
=P nosing deos2efe3P E+E
AL 120, 7=0
Putting r= Oand 7°=0 in (1), we get
Oe dara Ped
v= Ho osin3d + 4(cos- nf 3eR
‘Again integrating, we
=P a-Deos arf sina 4
AL 1=0, TO
Puting r= O and 7%= 0 in 2), we get
Poe? =e Pe 2
Hence P= 2(1 -c0s 39?
He 20 ~c0s 3 +2 ( as!
ae i i
te | Fede, where P= ¥ the circles? +)? = J rave
rshereF ind cis
ample Rey
ner clockwise
ly)
ow Fs ixtiyt 7
emion, = EASY ARE dT = aed ohde
=f we.
aye
eanaiceaon of cle ae x = 10s, y = Vsin8,
Pang = 88, Y= AND, dem side dy x csbdt in (hme et
[Fa [ sn01-sn0s9-cordenou0
p Baye
--f Git orcor ode =f" a0
= -(o). =-2"
uample Ite A verre given byF = Says
Tater overacircarpaih+ = 20
Settion. We have,
woikdoe = J
= [Par= { sinyavex (soond= J Giny dex cosy dyed)
= f atesingns |e
faccsinne
were is itferentn ope
‘The parameitic equations of ever Fa
2a gpa a? ae x= acos®, y= a8M6
Whore ® varies from 01025
(rare aAfacossin(asin 1 *
© ,
a fT atacososin(esn® fleovese
b
4 ff etode
[feces assiue
= {acos8sin(@
rer 0
a ing a part
-12)o, uacsiayseay
29
x
)- feefere tay
dy+ 28
2 “4
=fa [f-s @-0 &)
=O D9 Gn ed
Hence he wok don depends nly onthe endpoints Aad B nt onthe path fom
10 B. Ang}
Note: fF dr sw be proved tobe independent of path, then F= °
Here Fis called conservative (irotational) vector
a 1d and @ is called the scalar potential
And VxF=¥x¥o=0
Exercise 14.1
1 Fn te wok done by a force yi which spaes@ panicle fom origin to point (i)
‘Ane
2. Find the work done when a force F = (y+) ay +9)/ moves a particle from origin w(t
Along a parabola»? = x y
and
142. SURFACE INTEGRAL 7
LZ
x
‘Let F be a vector function and § be the given surface.
Surface integral ofa vector function F over the surface 5 is
fined as the integral of the components of F along the normal
to the surface
__ Component of F slong the nomal
= Fi where
the unit normal vector tan element ds and
fis mrad de
Teadfi + d= as
Surface integral of F over §
SEPA
“Shae
(FR) ds, where F represents the Velocity of
Note) Fas = ff
2 liquid.
ON
yegration
Sf
pample 13: Evaluate the surface
€ Myds = 0, Wen Fis sit we 5,
ae Loeb 0b date
eae®t8+2=linletriqeny
Pution- The equation ofthe sphere
Vector normal tothe surface §
(Giapur Urner
CHR e ee toy
is given by
2(t24p2
vo=(t3 Jay thy |@eree
satezyivaet
Weylag 7 tyjock
(phere on XY ple 74
son | Fi ads= J Free
Td
pba oslecsdexsh.ateyfech
= ayetayeryes ting °
pheoheytreb tes
JLoztrexf+xyb.as=
aya =}
lon 4 6 = 12 ince i theft ota
He plane 2x-+3y + 62 = 12 includ (Unarathand, 1 semester, Dec. 2006)
S 1
“(E41
Ruane 4, Ethane [3 has wh =
:
f
3
2
3 Ans,
2
sf
4]
$2.) erste + 6-1)
ala s
9 of 2x4 3yt 6e= 12
- a 8. Chand’s Engineering gg
a,
ota
ss fJasel—ap+ayh. ters sfs6h 2 2
J frose=36-+ sy fede
# [Je - 643) de dy
= 12-21-3y, we get
Satay
= fp a2 21-3y-623) dees
= f pe 29 aay
=femdurmoe 4
a3 [ee-s6e+ mare tf
= hte xs0ee2-in x36enxe) =? 9264
=24 am
Brame 15. Batate ff oct af +h
GT where S is the surface of the sphen
Ft 97 42% = GF in the first octant. — (Uttarathand, 1 Semester 2008
Solution. Here, 9 = s24)2+22— a2
Vector norma othe vurtace = Vo = £920) % «Be
Litgethl ere 2) = Dai +25) + 22k
ha Mo, ahsajfert ate yfedt
Naa Pa eaF
atubed fo Beypeted)
Here, P= yettorfeayh
Pie
ets exfrayh (eee) = Sue
Nom fae = Spry th =f PF
8 Bayz dedy
(6
“te
u
3 JP) a et
“a ee
mote 16. Show iiiraect a
sis the Nie ebb Sah vheyeh
a0
"PH Universi, Winser 2093)
Tone FRA = ge Oat ass a {f reaeiy = ors:20)
i
[apg (seta a*Pe seh tad = ff
Laren fines
= {ef[a]
Gat stfeychy (puede ff
i
5 [fee=0 asso
ct fryen fade = ff (vee
o-fac[ ee (y=)
I], ,,@22f-sFryeb faves = [f+ oan [fs
i (ass=0)
IL, Gxetstfayeb abe [[-exsace
hputing these values in (1). 8E RE Proved.
JI Fkar = 04}-0- 14240°5
° EXERCISE H2
devyote6in
usin tees 209
age
‘Ane 8
——— tg” |
'S. Chand’s Enginooring Mathor i" 6. n
ae mc a 32) Day) At, then erate a
yo" "Lh vPy
’ Nate We closed tepon
Ana get e204
143 VOLUME INTEGRAL,
Let F be a vector point function and volume V enclosed by a closed surface,
Te volume negra = ff Fa
Example 17. fF = 22i-xj+yk,
by the sufaces
x20 yO x=2, y=4, 228, 2=2,
Soluton, Jf Far= f[fesimyeynacdae
= Lal of ewwvena
: Fa f otersgsar
- f ef dytai-2ye2y— wien 24
‘],
=f 161-8 xj 16k 4.014425) —8.2%h de
ASAT
= 224 15j032k- Bia oj My
2
=f [Ayia 2aje tabi
=[ tos aye oat 42
Bt 2G issn
EXERCISE 143,
ted by
20, 20,y=2and 229,
poe re
geap eh evaluate fF av ong ™
joret de 7h cote [Fo teebatmisy se,
An fy 2 90d = 224 "
hy Ans.
gs8N'S THEOREM (For a plane
nents FOE DWC, Bane
ay 9, conics fectons ovr a retion R
evaluate [J Fav, where vis the region boundeywnled by simple closed curve C in xy pa, thn
qevvan= JI (34) éxdy
L Let the curve C be divided into two
tee cAABC) and Cy (CDA)
Fre equation ofthe eure C\(ABC) te
and equation ofthe eure C3(CD)
By= 200.
(tus see the value of
eo f(a
=f [ewogine
= f [eea-eten
{f hal parcel atom]
ka = i avo ae] 4
a-f obergar- [omens
otasnde
ec)
1 UP = a2—30f-207-attenevaane ff Vv, wher: Vistouniedby te pine x=a.y=0]™* | gd = ff Bava
he
reand2e+2y 4284, hme
3
2 evaluate ff 9a¥, where ¢ #452) and V isthe ose
414274228, x20,y00,200
ion banded by the planes
‘Ans, 128
oi
can be shown that
§ vidy=
J pe dvdy
Ye stain
cat,
“
2) fooacewan = as
ote. Green Tse in vetor for
[Badr = [J (oxP kat
oe yi = ai--yh isa unit vet along
Fe sin
1 (St-8)8
where = 9b yh = a+
ramp 18 vecor field Fs shen BS
elute line ier [Fea where ©
x0 i.
(Nagpur University, Summer 2008)
Solution, F =siny/+x(1+e059))
‘On applying Green Theorem
§ wares) = I(R-Flee
= JJ 10 +0083) ~c0s ylaedy
where steerer plane surface of radia a
= J esas = area of cece = net
Ahram, ing ie term ane [G29 2) hr
described counterclockwise ofthe triangle with vertices (0,
UP
Soltion, By Green Theorem :
J waceyay = ff (32-3) aedy
J eydee ay = ff) @x-2)aedy ~
‘8. Ghand’s Engineering Mathemates
is the circular path given by x24)? = o2
[Beare [ piyirx(~consy acess) = [snyder (leon ddy
the boundary ®
“Theorem in Plane, ¥e faye
ca
892) dr + 46m) 45}
day 7
169) de dy = Jf 10) acy
sfahonate hele
_6F
{acer °
sioxe!| =-§ 0-6? =-S cig 2-2 a
5x2 |.
Rigg ce 0, dx = 0 andy vats fom 019-2,
. 1 (643), de = 3 dy and y vate fom-2 00.
bg X= 2 7¢ 2
png AO, = On 9 = Oa vats fon 300
Las of = G (G2-87) de + (~6ry16))
eB) de + Gy 6nd) + f,t9e-s9 de+(dy Gu d)]
+f 138-9 des 4-60)
7 ce 2] (Bay) + tay-306+: +f Bede
foal [Jere] () 9-36 ae f
, -2 eran sci oF | a+)
| papi +f [ge sy a+ apy
Jaro
2h + PL [gersr at
4 .
= feraafa-[ex-aapt =
P= femme [
"2 (2-1) 25
“(s-4)"
Example 20. State and” verify Green
‘Theorem i
ce Anticle 14.4 on page 317.
‘cure C consists of st
A and B are (3, 0) and (0, ~ 2) respectively. Let R be the region bounded by C.
| 3 x wofereate?
1) [2 (+3) | pom] 7 J
the plane for
02-8y)de+(4y-6x3)dy where C is the boundary of the region bounded by’
tarakhand, 1 Semester, Dec. 2006)
1s OB, BA and AO, where coordinates of
3
setifed
8 3x3
2-194 27-56+28
Nib the help of (2) and
alate
ample 21, Apply Green Theorem 19 ea
ty te
fe boundary of the area end
7 te aah
-0
Green Theorem
‘we find that ° z
ay) de
is te and
{
Mion, f (ae yyare ee 170) eee ee alam |
320
a¥ _ 90) avady
By Green Theorem, we've J(ear+¥ ay) = J (5 ay
c s AY
2 wR ; 7 yee
3 ~ 2 ee-y9 | acdy
=[ J ie @#y)- 3, ee | x dy
a Woe a ee . :
eff are.) avay=2 Jar[ ory oy e
26 “2 0
Jana [eras [ee
[ senar=2 (109 dx, f iseven
+ =0, f is odd
a) _4é
(#-§)- s Ans
Example 22. If Cis simple closed curve in the xy-plane and containing the origin, calculate
2 Ce
[ Fei, where® =
lc
=0+2 f @-x) dr=2 (@-
3
Fay?
ra aa :
Solution. f cores = f ae a (fds +fdy)
= [ suas
“te x 4y?
=-{ 2&
ae i vay? late
ay oe
7 [oaceway = Hl pae [¥ = iy
[By Green’s Theor
= fe ()-2(2
ax (+s?) dy ley?
= ff 22 2M=20y) _ 62+ FC) ~N@)] p gy
I (+P aye an
= f/aet _-24r an
e Wes @ “Ble dy=0
Exercise 14.4 :
1. evaluate {8x 632) d+ (y 4340) dy (1 Any) de from (0,0,0) 10 (1g Hyatone
eiven by the straight line from (0, 0,0) 1 (0, 0,1) then to (0,1, 1) and then to (I, 1s D-
2. Verify Green Theorem in plane for f
the
(2 4 Day) de + 97+ 2°5) ay where eis a square wi
vertices P (0,0), Q(1,0), R (1, 1) and $ (0, 1), rm or Integration : 321
verify Green Theorem for J (2 ~ 219) de-+ (2y +3) dy around the boundary cof the region y? = 8
22
wd
use Green Theorem in a plane to evaluate the integral J [Qx-y) drt (2 +9) dy]
where cis the boundary in the xy- plane ofthe area enclosed by the x-axis and the semi-circle +3? = 1
inthe upper half ay-plane.
Ans. 5
Apply Green Theorem to evaluate J [(y~sinx) dr + cos xd]
where cis the plane triangle enclosed by the lines
2
ae _ _ 48
ya On=F and y= 28 Ans. -"F0
Either directly or by Green Theorem, evaluate the line integral e~* (cos y dr— sin y dy)
where c is the rectangle with vertices (0, 0), (0), ( x, © Jana{ 0, 3)
2 2 Ans. 2(1-e7*)
Verify the Green Theorem to evaluate the line integral J (2y? de +3.xdy), where c is the boundary of
the closed region bounded by y
and y=x?,
(U.P. 1 Semester Dec., 2005 A.M.1.E.T.E. Summer, 2004, Winter om)
Ans.
Evaluate ff F.ds where F = xyi — x/+ (x-+2)k and sis the region of the plane 2¢+2y+2 = 6in
the first octant. (A.MLESTE,, Summer 2004, Winter 2001) Ans. 22
a
\STOKE’S: THEOREM (Relation between Line Integral and Surface Integral)
(Uttarakhand, | Semester 2008, U.P), I Semester, Dec. 2006)
Statement. Surface integral of the component of curl F along the normal to the surface
laken over the surface § bounded by curve C is equal to the line integral of the vector
at function F taken along the closed curve C,
Mathematically, z F
§F dr sf curl F-ids
mei] = cos oi +cos Bj +cos 7k is a unit external
mal fo any surface ds,
Proof. Let 7 = xityj+zk
GF = idx+jdy+kde
F = Fyit Frit Fok
On putting the values of F,d7 in the
Statement of the theorem y
§ (Fy i+ Fj tPF 8) (ide tj dy kde)
4
=f (a 11 R14 ate te Fas 98) (comet reosBjtcovyb ds
aFy_ dF), OF) (aF, ak,
Fisdcorsare esta = Shee) (SF | eS Jo
(i cos a +j cos +k cos y) ds
a IG May aa
. OF, OF:
= ff I[ Jeoas oa 5 Jemb-+(
Let us first prove
§ Fide = Sf [cose cosy a
Let the equation of the surface S be = = g(t,3). The projection of the sutace gy
plane is region R.
{ ronodr=f Filxyg (xy) | de
322
OF, OF
“3
S -fi2 By Fingddedy [By Green Thy
2-1) aa
az dy
The direction cosines of the normal to the surface z = 8 (x,y) are given by
cosa _ cosB _ cosy
nee”
ay
And dx dy = projection of ds on the xy- plane = ds.cos7
Putting the values of ds in R.HLS. of (2)
( a oF, - oF oF; dxdy
S| “Fe GOB cosy |as = ff ae COsB- cosy [SO
- OF: cosB OF:
- U1, (% cosy ay 5 Jae
OF, ry OF,
ILL FE(-)-% Joes
=~ (Bs Fe aca \
dz ay
From (3) and (4), we get
§ Fy dx = Sf (3
Similarly, § Frdy = Sf (z
Fy
i Mio)
“a
ox
cosy Fos)
and § Bae ff (Beoa-2 emp) a
On adding (5), (6) and (7), we get
f Oraet Fay Fay = If (# cop al Fooey ort cost
ar
rn
ihe os a OF! Sot tT
ANOTHER METHOD OF PROVING STOKE THEOREM
The circulation of vector F around a closed curve C is equal to
qux of the curve of
the vector through the surface § bounded by the curve C. ©
§ Fidr= ff curl FA di Sf cu
Proof : The projection of any curved surface over xy-plane can
be treated as kernal of the surface integral over actual surface
pcm If (xh Rav If (xP Javdy
= [iv 1.)-0.) RP Macay
= fff DE
= Ui) fs, crolae ay
= JiFdet Fay)
= [train darsfay
-fPr
Jeu Phas = | Par.
where, P= F,P+F,f4+ FR and dP drftdy} + dk
je 23. Using Stoke theorem or otherwise, evaluate
Exampl
J (2x-y)dr-y2 dy yedz]
where c is the circle x? + y? = 1 corresponding to the surface of sphere of unit radius.
(U.P, I Semester, Winter 2001)
i= xP
[By Green’s theorem]
Solution. [| (2x-y) dx—ye dy-y*zdz]
= J (@x-yyi-y2j-y'ck] (ide+jdy+kde)
By Stoke theorem f F-dr = Jf cori. Ras wa)
i i k
Se UxFu|2 2 a
Curl F = VXF = ova ay a
a-y yh - ye
= (-2yz+2y)i-O-O)j+O+Nk =k
Putting the value of curl F in (1), we get
dxdy = icles
= [fatas = [eae = ff ardy =Araotthecircte=n [
s R gk Example 24. Apply Stoke Theorem to find the value of
J (yartedytxde)
where c is the curve of intersection of 2 +y? +2? = @ ? and x+z = a. (Nagpur, Summ
Solution. ) (de +zdytxdz)
= | Qite+xh: (ide+jdy+hde)
= foitgtxd- a = ff curt Oi+zi+38)-has
. ; (By Stoke Theirg
298) ey
= ff (iP rj tse 2) xoisgtxn tds
Nf (‘S45 5 ae
= ff -W+j+m Nas w= (I)
's
where S is the circle formed by the intersection of C+y?+2 = a? andx+z = a.
a
k +
2) itk
Vi+1 a
Putting the value of f in (1) we have Poe
= If ~(4j+h- (a+) ds
“SNe
= Ih = Bal
Example 25. Use Stoke Theorem to evaluate je va, P.
where P= yi+njt-
is the bounding curve of the hemisphere x2 +
Solution. By Stoke theorem
[Pa ~ ff oun v-Ras = [f (vxo}- has
¥ +2 = 9, 2>0, oriented in the positive di®™
ijk
vxps|2 9 a] = O-Hi-@-Oj+y-2yk
ax dy &]
2 = =2i-yk
Fy eake) 325
= 2x42 yj 424 _aityj
= eR Lait
Ae eariga Wray?
(VxIB-a = Ca hy AEA ak = 28x Bae
2k. styjtch
ne bab = dy oe EY mee
3
= Saray
i (Vx) Rds = “ie ‘(Fao)- JJayaray
= ~ J Jarsineraear +
2n 3 .
=-2 fsinode fur a
0 0
3
=-2censoy [5]
=-2(-1+1)9=0 sie
[Example 26. Directly o by Stoke Theorem, evatuate| | curl V2 ds, P= iy-+je-+kxs is
the surface of the paraboloid z = ] ~ x~y?, z > Oand his the unit vector normal to s.
(Nagpur University, Summer 2008)
‘Solution, = Vxi?= Pere:
< gle>
Seem
* gle
Obviously i = k.
Therefore (V xV). # = (-i-j-W). k= -1
Hence [J (V xV). ids = [J (C1) dedy =- Jf deay
s s J
=-n(lps-n (Area of circle=7 r) Ans.
Example 27. Apply Stoke's theorem to evaluate fj, [@+y) dx+ Qx-2) dy+(y+2) dd,
Cis the boundary of the triangle with vertices (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0) and (0, 0, 6).
(Nagpur University, Summer 2004, Winter 2004)
Solution, Given P: is [(@xty) det Qx-2) dy +042) de J
= (x+y) P+ (Qx- -ajtorok
dy cen
[Fae [JoxB ne S. Chand's Engineering Mat
328
(Vx F). n= Qi-8)
! =
Gi4 +h) = FE O- I) =
a
Jia = ff (oun), has
5
=5 ff dvay
where Ris the projection of S on the x y= plane
We range ony
3 =
= 5. Area of triangle OAB = 3 (2x3) = 15 A
Example 30, Evaluate Fr by Stoke's Theorem, where F = PS) 2yj gy
c
{5 the boundary ofthe rectangle x=, y=0 and y=b,
(U.P, 1 Semester, Winer 4
Solution. Since the z coordinate ofeach vertex of the siven rectangle is zero, hee
sven rectangle must lie in the xy-plane
Here the coordinates of A, B, Cand D are (a, 8) (45 Bs (a,b) and (0,0) resp
Scie
.CulF=| 2 9g ee ‘4
or, 9) Oe c yeb
P+y -2xy 9 (6a, ) —< Bit
Here, m= bo by Stoke's theorem, we've
fra. if curl Fai ds xe-ay Ey
Sf to
TN CAYb).adrdy <4 J Jvdvay cee es
Ser tea 0 Dea O Ans
2 a
an J [3] aes ~ 25 Jars gap ae
Example 31, App, a
IY Stoke Theo
whee cist, eM 10 calculate J 4yde+2zdys6yde
zs Ozandz = 14.3,
vd
“|
C “yi+2 46 I) iy tidy
- + kde)
"+26
i i rf
VF] 9 |
“le 2 al.
* y STOO; 0-98
4y 2z 429
v+3. 9 is normal to the plane
(2 3)
5. Vo
ick _ ink
"= TF6l>
“Niet
- a i-k 444
(Fx f= indy EK 2 AEN ae
Jf curt has
s
al
41
W
J J V2 (dx dz) = 4NZ (area of circle)
s
Centre of the sphere x? + y?-+(z—3)? = 9, (0, 0, 3) lies on the plane z =
nthe given circle is a great circle of sphere,
the sphere,
x +3. It means
where radius of the circle is equal to the radius
Radius of circle = 3, Area = 2(3) = 9m
Jl (vm fas = AT Om = 30T
s
Example 32. Ve
0
Ans,
rify Stoke’s Theorem for the function
circle in xy-plane bounding the hemispher
=zitxj+yk, where C is the unit
UT=2-y),
(U.P, I Semester, Comp. 2002)
Solution. Here
sityk, eat (1))
= or = dxizdyjsach,
ove (2),
on the so-plane, Hence on C, we have z = 0 so that
| zd - (3)
Now the parsmente ecuations of Cie, 2+ = 1 are
¢ ~
esi o (4) :
me 62, (> —_ =e x
5
4 CS Ocosodd
3 A Sot on the surface of the hemiypions Ey LAS
Sere . Chand’s Engineeri ~
330 o BIN eeFINg Mathene,
~H
Ko xjtyj+zk
(Radius is L to tangent ie, Radius is
thal)
[v=sinOcosg, y = sin® sing, z=cos®
A = sinOcos Oi tsinO singj+cosOk
i j k a
Also, Cul F=|a/ax a/dy d/dz| = it+jtk
z x y
Curl F-f = (i+) +h). (sin 8 cos 9 i + sin 8 sin Oj + cos 8k)
in cos + sin@ sing +cos @
nds Ae f (+ )+4). (sin 8 cos 9+ Sin B sin Oj + C05 Bk) sing ae 4
o-0 e=0
a Sf Curl F
= J sinodo f* (sindcosg +sin 8 sind +c0s 6) do
eo
[dS = Elementary area on hemisphere = sin 0404
2 an
sin @d@ [ sin Osing +sin @ (~cos 4) +¢-cos OJ," = f sin@d@
2
oe oe
ve 20
(0+0+2nsinBcos 6) do =m | sin20de = x | ~£5 |
°
= - (n/2) [-1-l]) =x. ff
From (5) and (8), G F.dr= ff curl F.n dS, which verifies Stokes’ there
Ic is
Example 33. Verify Stoke's theorem for the vector field F = (2x—y)t-y2j-y?zhover
upper half of the surface x° + y? + z= | bounded by its projection on xy plane.
(Nagpur University, Summer 200
Solution. Let S be the upper half surface of the sphere x2 +)2+<2=1. The boundi
C or S$ is a circle in the xy plane of radius unity and centre O. The equation of C!
x? +y?= 1, z = 0 whose parametric form is
x=cost, y= sint, 2=0,0<1<20
. Doak gh A
Lea = [lex-ni-ya}_ytcky. hacefayshaa
z
= [ [(2x-y) dx— yz? dy —y*z dz] AT
= i (2x-y) dx, since on C, 2=0 and 22 =
x c
x
- de =
f (2 cos t— sin 1) TF d= if (2cost—sin1) (—sin1) dt
oe
® f (sin 2r4 sin’ at =
= [£82 2 sine
2 27 4 wo integration -
e 4 d
_ i j k
cul F= | See 8
ax ay az
amy cyt aye
Bye +232) 4 O- Of+O+Nk=k
ol Fin=kn=nk
J cut Fonds = [fin kas = ff ake
Where R is the pret. of Son ay-plane.
ah
-f ae Wa
=4/2 i
=4[3 Ta +t «@
From (1) and (2), we have
I Far = [J Curl F. nds which is the Stoke’s theorem. Ans,
Example 34. ver Stoke Theorem for
F = (P+y-4it3 nit Qxzt Ak
over the surface of ad 22+)? +22 = 16 above the xy-plane.
Solution, fF dr
where c is the boundary of the circle e+yt+2 = 16
(bounding the hemispherical surface)
a f [G2 +y—4) i+ 3.xyit Qazt 2) K]: (idx + jay)
= J G2+y-4)dr+3.xydy
Putting x = ae y=4sin@, dx=—4sin0d0, dy = 4cos6d®
[1a cos0 +4 sin 8-49 (Asin 8d) + (192 sin @ cos? @ d8)]
"
16" [-4.os?0 sin O~ sin? 0+sin 0+ 12 sinOcos* 9] d9
0
216 [* @ sin 8 cos? 0~sin* O+sin@) d®
.
J) sis'0cos 040-0
f
=-16 f siode ax
0 [) costosinodo = 0
a ln
=-16x4]? soua=-6(3 3) =-t6% = ()
- |
S.Chand's Engineering Nay,
332 i
ae integral
‘To evaluate surface integral
i j k
= a 2 a
VxF=/ 9. ay a
P+y-4 Bxy Qaztz2
= (0-0 i-Q2-Hj+(3y-Ik = —2y+By-I)k
2a yoy
vo | 2 (i? +y?-+27~ 16)
1 Voi IVOl-
= 2xi+2yji+2 xk = Aityj+zk = xityitzk
“Vatedyinagd Wee yee 4
(VxF).4 = [2+ @y~ yay. etait +6 Dz
k Reds = dedy EA hs = dey or ds = dedy
ds = 4 érdy
fay = [22+ @y= 2/4
JJvxn-Aas = J[-PetGoone J aedy
= [ft-2y+@y-deay = SJo-nacay
One putting x=rcos8,y=rsin0, dedy=rd@ dr, we get
= [Jirsine-yraou = Ja0 [oPsino— 1 ar
Qn 2p
= J40(Saino-5
j ;
on
= fae (Ssn0-s)
0
64
lon+ 3
os
= (-Se0-20)
hy
=-l6n
From (1) and (2), we get
fi.az = JJvx 8 as
The fine integral is equal to the surface itera, Hence Stoke Theorem ws vt
Example 35. Verify Stoke's theorem for gy
ector fi
rectangular in xy-plane bounded by
fines x=
= Maa yit
ld defined by B= (x2- yi 20!
ay =O, y
(Nagpur University, Su
i
Solution . Here we have to verity Stoke's theory
[ea SLwx% i a
c or integration
333
(2-9) TH xy fh
= (a2) P+ 2099). [Paes fay)
F dr = (~y2) dr+ 2ay dy
Fa-{ past ez ~@
Now f dr [Fas] Fare] F.dr+ Far 2)
Along OA, put y= 0 sothatk dy = Oin(1) and F.de =
Where x is from 010 a. in (1) and F. dr = 2dr,
F dr = [2 3
Se f {2a-[3]-3 3)
‘Along AB, put x=a so that dx=0i =
Where y is fom0wh, at dx = 0 in (1), we get F. dr = 2ay dy
F.dr b
j, F# f rayay = (ay?) = ab? 4)
Along BC, put y=b and dy = Oi F.ar=
where x is from ato 0. ty = Oin (1), we get F. dr = @— BP) de,
a 0 o
= x
fF a= J w-wyar=[ 5-0] = 6)
‘Along CO, put x= 0 and dx=0 in (1) we get and F. dr=0 J a
a (a,b)
F.dr =0 (6)
oad xaoy Line
Putting the values of integrals (3), (4), (5) and (6) in (2), we get i
[Fda Ger Soa? 40 =200 (1) Sys A +x
Now we have to evaluate RS. of Stoke's Theorem ie. Jf (VxF) .nds
We have,
pop Rk
= 1~a a a
= 2 2} Leays+ayh=ayk
VxF=| 5, ay 22 (2y + 2y) k= ay
w-y dy 0 a
face $ in outward direction isn = k
Also the unit vector normal to the su
(2 Z-axis is normal to surface S)
Also in xy-plane ds = dx dy
ff xP .nas= Jf, ave kaedy= Jf aydvay
's
Where R be the region of the surface S.
Consider a strip parallel to y-axis. This stri
sm x=0 (= axis) t0.x= 4 10 cover complete region R.
b. We move this strip fror a >
i = - = 2y? Jax
3 [fox .nas= Cfo] 5 ("Io
= app dx = 28 Lx Ip = 2?
8), we get
From (7) and (8), ™ nce the Stoke's theorem is verified.
= F) .nds and he
= flex nds an
ip starts on line y= 0 (i.e. x-axis) and end on the line
w» (8) S. Ghanet's Enginocring yy
hi
334
Example 36. Verify Stoke Theorem for the function
F wy
=I ed by the lines
integrated round the square in the plane z = Oand bounded by the lines
ays Osa 7
Solution. We have, Fexi
i i °
x=
a 2
VXPE Tae ay a
woo nxy 0
= (0-0) i-(0-0)j+(-y-0) k = ~yk
JJ cvxr)-fas = ff (-yk)-kaedy
5 3
ar : <4
@ a
= fac [vy = fae] 3] =-F()0=
0 0 o 0
Toobtain|ineintegral
[Fide = [ C2i-ayp-(ide+jdy) = J G2dx—sy dh)
é é é
where cis the path OABCO as shown in the figure.
Also ies ar = [F-dr = [F- drs [F-dr+ [re dr + [F-dr
ossco Oka co
Along OA, y = 0, dy = Tower | Use
so line |Eq. of Lower
f, Fedr= f, a line Limit _| ist
= fra=[27 22 | opt fere loro
‘ 34° 3 ~O ap [ca | ano
Along AB, x = a,dx = 0 Bc | yaa | dy=0
Pedr 7
[Fa [, oar-xyay co | x20 [arco] yoo
=f'- =-a{Z]"
[ -0s4y =o 2]
Along BC, ady =0
os »
fe P= | de—ayayy = fea
Along CO, x = Ode = 0
fy Pear J
Lo log Pd xydly) Putting th P
* Yalues of these integrals (3), (4), (5) and (6) in (2), we have
Pig i @ @ @iy_ ia A)
cee SFG HORS
From (1) and 7
SJ GxF) has = [Pde
He é
eer ren Ans.
= imple _
a ial trianery Verify Stoke Theorem for F'= (x+y) it 2x—2)j+(y +2) k for the surface
— ‘ar lamina with vertices (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0) and (0, 0, 6).
i E.T.E., Summer 2000)
Solution, (AML. ;
le coordinates ners, Me Path of integration ¢ consists of the straight lines AB, BC, CA where
face of triangle hee C are (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0) and (0, 0, 6) respectively. Let s be the plane
ne Le, yFEFEM, We must Mee bounded by C. Let fi be unit normal vector to surface §. Then by Stoke
LFW = Ff cu Fas
~) {Pome f aa Pda F
y= 3@-a,ay
At A,x=2, AtB,x=0,
Faxteyf
Oh iat J,,(@+» Re oxfeyQ) Gax+fayy
I (x+y) dx +2xdy Line} Upper
48 Timit
[ (er3—2)aceox(-3an 4B AB
he 2 2 x=0
°
(243 dx= — 22 3, =(7-6)=+1 (2) BC ALC
2 4 , y=0
Along line BC, x = 0, Equation of BC is
ey cA ALA
6 = | orz = 6~2y, dz = ~2dy x22
MB, y=3, ACC, y=0,7r = yftchk
[Fea = f bi-zf+o+ahl-Gdy+hadz) = ae FO +2 de
BC
f
Along line CA, y = 0, Eq. of CA is ate 1 or z= 6-3x, dz = —3dx
A
°
(— 6 + 2y) dy + (y+ 6 — 2y) (— 2dy) = fey 18) dy = (2y?- 18y), =36 on)
"Cx=0,atA,x=2, r= xitck
SL Fea =f txPeex-afeay-taxPeacky J. xdxtedz
cn lea ca 336
= | xdv+(6-3x) (-3dy) = for 1) ae = [5x?- 1841
0
S. Chand’s Engineering =
-16
0
4
i
ole eae | ede | (eon) }
oe IF a+] F t+ | F a | ) and (4),
ol id
Cun F = ¥xF = Paid th )xtesnfrer-airorat)
jt es
i f t
a
az
x+y u-z yr
= (14 DP -OF+Q- IR = Fk
2
gle
Equation of the plane of ABC is 545+ =I
Normal to the plane ABC is
ale
Unit Normal Vector = ‘(eaTesin
4*9*36
a (3i+2j+h)
Jf con F fas = Jfount Ff ds = Jl ei+o- Fo aity+e dxdy
Trg i240:
= Spt
vid
= 1(4x2x3) = 21 et
1 [Jardy = 7 Area of AOAB
with the help of (2) and (6), we find (1) is true and so Stoke theorem ig verified.
Example 38. Verify Stoke Theorem for
F = -242)i+ Q2+4)j- (Qk
over the surface of a cube x'= 0 y= 0, z= 0) x=2 y <2, z = dihote rhe XOF pee
(open the bottom). 4
Solution. Consider the surface of the cub
€ as shown in the figure. Bounding path is
OABCO shown by arrows,
[Pedr Jlo~2429140244))~ (09 A -(itv jayne
= Jv-242)d0+ (244) dy-vede
[Pedi = [Pedr [Paks [Roary [Pat oll
: mw ae a ogra?
r=
3
ong. ee y=,
°
= {e-orae= =(4 ar),
0, = Ode = 02 = Ode = 0
2 Jy OF 2x04 (044) dy—0
9
ca faea(y hens wa (5)
values of these integrals (2), (). ( (4)
4 a (6) a —-
ny putting the 4) and ae) in a), we get
[Fedr = 448-8-8=
| ce Surface Outward ds
obtain surface integral ie
. : 1 | aspe |i | dvde
i i k 4.
2 |OCGF i | dyde
VxFe= a a a 3 | pccp | j__| axdz
ax oy az 4 | OAEF |_ = dx dz
Sel ag yekaet x2 DEFG dxdy
yite- Dink
= (O-i-(- 24 DJF O~ Nk=
urfaces, ABDE, OCG, BCGD, OAEF, DEFG.
« have to integrate over the five s
ABDE(. = 2,8 = ids = dyde
1 j-Midy de = JJ -vavaz
(uy)
Here, we
Over the su
[f(¥xF)-thas = J fi-viee-
dxdy
.. 7)
sthe surface OCGF (x = Oh =
(WF) Ads = J feviee- pica aoe
=f fray jo jenfel
Over the surface BCGD, (y= Raj, ds=dxdz
[fcPxF) has = Tiare Nj-M jade
ww (8) |
338 S. Chand's Engineering Mathes,
ti
2 2
= J fe-arde = fax fe-vaz
a 0
2 2
2
. ZL 0
(«) (5 :), “0
Over the surface OAEF, (y = 0), = —j,ds = dxdz
JJ ¥xF) Ras = J [t-vi+e-Dj-M- (-daede
2 2 2
J fe-aedg = - Jax fe-tyaz = -(x) (3-=) <0 oi
o 0
Over the surface DEFG, (z = 2), = k,ds = dedy
J [Gx Mas = [fi-yi+e-j-M-kaedy=- | faray
"
2 2
~ far fdy = -bR DR = -4 a
en
Total surface integrals (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), we have
=-44+44+04+0-4 =-4 ww (l
From (6) and (12), we have
Thus J f cul Phas = [Fd =
which verifies Stoke Theorem. An
Exercise 14.5
1. Use the Stoke Theorem to evaluate f y2dx-+xydy+xzdz,
é
where Cis the bounding curve of the hemisphere x? +)? +z? = 1, 220, oriented in the positive direct
Ans, 0
2. Bvaluate J (curl F) - dA, using the Stoke Theorem, where F = yi+j-+ xk and sis the paraboloid
z=f,y) = 1-7-¥, 220, Ans.
3. Evaluate the integral j ¥ dx-+2 dy+x dz, where C is the triangular closed path joining the points
|.
(0, 0,0), (0, a, 0) and (0, 0, a) by transforthing the integral to surface integral using Stoke Theorem.
.
@
Ans. >
4. Nerify Stoke Theorem for A= 3yi—axz/+yz%k, where S is the surface of the paraboloid 2
bounded by z= 2 and c is its boundary traversed in the clockwise direction. Ans.
5. Evaluate [ F-dR where F = yi+x2~zy°k, Cis the circle
I.
Ptya4 c= 15 Ans. *
6 If Sis the surface ofthe sphere x+y? +2? = 9, prove that [ curl F-ds = 0
s
7. Verify Stoke Theorem for the vector field
F = Qy+dit+Q-aj+y-nk
over the portion of the planex+y+z = 1 cut off by the coordinate planes. Ya getor Integration 339
=
Byaluate J Fe dr by Stoke Theorem for F rection of
cit sxJ+ayh and Cis the curve of in
Vand
Ans. 0
9 IF = DIFC II+AC YK and 8 is the sunfaee of the cone z= a= VOFF YY above the
xy plane, show that [cul Peds = 3a!
IG If F = 3yim yj + yc" and S is the surface of the paraboloid 2: 2 pounded by = = 2, show
by using Stoke Theorem that J f (Vx F)-dS = 20
7 Evaluate ff curl Ps dS, where F = Q2 422-2) 4 (2a? = y4)j4 (2 + y= 2) hand Sis the portion
of the surface 3° +y* = 2ax-+az = O above the plane 2= 0
A, evaluate J curl PA ds integrated over the
Bp P= +P -it Ce
YI ey
portion of the surface x° + 4 O and verify Stoke's Theorem; where
Winter 2002) Ans. 2a"
2ax-+az = O above the plane
{his unit vector normal to the surface, (Att
147 GAUSS THEOREM OF DIVERGENCE (U.P. Ist Semester, Dec. 2008)
(Relation between surface integral and volume integral)
'Statement. ‘The surface integral of the normal component of a vector function F taken
und a closed surface S is equal to the integral of the divergence of F taken over the volume
Venclosed by the surface S.
Mathematically
J FRas = JJ aivFav
Proof, Let F = Pit Pj+ Pk
Putting the value of F, fin the statement of the divergence theorem we have
Jf iseu+ ries = Sh (3 Rude) arrienpacdva:
ary , Wf, Fs
(SEB) ae “
We require to prove (1)-
Let us first evaluate f J", 5, PS ac ady de
Sf, Barayae = nite
= ff eA Bes Mldedy 2)
k
s;
we have
For the upper part of the surface i
dcdy = dsycosr, = ma kiss
Again for the lower part of the surface Le. Sy we have,
day = ~e08 rv d5, = hk 340 S. Chand's Engineering Mathomates
JJ Fesnavdy = If Fyhy kdsy
k ‘,
and th, Fronys fi)dedy = -Sf Fyn kdsy
Putting these
wes in (2), we have
SI Fave fila Fafa kdsee [f Fyhy keds, = Sf FA kas
Similarly, it can be shown that
I[[ Bas ff rehids oy,
sft 2 a. Sf Fife ids
Adding (3), (4) & (5), we have
ff on 4 FAP) 4,
ay a
= iL (Fit Fyj+Fyk fds
(3)
x
2 Mf, (V-F dv = S[ Fehas Proved.
Example 39, State Gauss's Divergent theorem [ { F.nds=J {[ Divergence Fai whee
ls
S is the surface of the sphere 2 +)?+2=16 and F=3x?+4yf+5 zh.
(Nagpur University, Winter 2004)
Solution. Statement of Gauss’s Divergent theorem is given in Art 14.7 on page 339.
Thus by Gauss’s divergent theorem,
Sl Pfids = ff J¥.Fav Here F=3x?44 yf+5 zh
5 :
fa 08 92) gaan
(2 45, +82) oteafeseh
VF =34445=14
Putting the value of V . F, we get
Finds = ff fid.av
= lay
4 gy = 584m Ans,
Magn ay = 3S
where v is volume of 3 sPbe!
: U Example 40. Evaluate [J F ids where P= 4x2 hy? fy 28 and Sis the surface of
bounded by x=0,x=1, y=0, y=1, 2=0,
Solution, By Divergence theorem,
Sf Fenas = S[Jw.nw
= SIL (t (*2 we st te)
er 200)
(Nagpur University, Win integration is
Sf {Xe xp 42 2 ed = 09 Jtearae
a fi ae ee
=] Jee-nardvar = f {i (s- ve) ai
0
. ap ia
= f if (22? yz), dedy = i [ e-y aay
1 1
= = 37
Pea] =f a
- 3 137 3
Ixh=5 0) = 3 Ans.
Note. a question is directly solved as an example 16 on page 317.
Example 41. Find fF .fids, where F = (2x-+3z) i—(xz-+y) J+ 0? +22) k and S is
the surface of the sphere having centre ( 3, 1, 2) and radius 3.
(U.P. I Semester, Winter 2005, 2000)
Solution. Let V be the volume enclosed by the surface S.
By Divergence theorem, we've
j [Fe fas = fff dinFav.
a oa
Now, div F= 2 @rt39 + 2 [etn] + J, F429
=2-142=3
F tds = 7 dv = 3V.
J fFfas = fff sar=3 fff a
‘Again V is the volume of a sphere of radius 3. Therefore
= bar = 3 x GP = 36
if FB fids = 3V = 3X36 = 1087. _
~
Example 42, Use Divergence Theorem to evaluate [® Rds
where “A,= i+ eyez and S is the surface of the sphere x? +y? +2?
=
Solution. Ji RdS= [J [divaav z
11S (ide +2003), (eityy+ebdv
[Jfosesreoeay=3 Jf ferrr+rav
~ On putting x= sin @cos >, ¥ oo rcos 0, we get
F
=3 [ff eee sinodrdd ad)= eaxs fis
lana
z a(S) 8) corn ()= 25" ‘Ans.
24(@)8 C08 OF (s]- 26) +0 SAS ns.
f sinodo fdr 8. Chand's Engineering Mathomay
Example 43, Use dive
JE ¥ cays
ly
where S is any closed surface enclosing volume V.
ence Theorem to show that }
“ds =6V
(U.P, I Semester, Ww;
‘inter 2
a a a ON)
Solution. Here ¥ (2+)2+22) = (ae 45, t | (+P eazy
Qxit2yj+2zk = 2wityj+zeh
oP] eye dss J[¥ 4242) nas
s
1 being outward drawn unit normal vector to S
= J [ 2isyj+em nds
's
=2 Sf div (xit+yj+zk dv (I)
(By Divergence Theoren
(V being volume enclosed by 9
mya oP Re tea
Now, div. (xi+yj+2k) = yay te] Wwityj+zk
x ay * az a
From (1) & (2), we have
Voeryrraas=2 fff sw=6 fff w=ev Proved
a Vv
Example 44, Evaluate If O72 T+ 2x) + 2%) A dS, where 8 is the Part of the sphere
Payee
= 1 above the xy-plane and bounded by this plane.
Solution. Let V be the volume enclosed by the surface S. Then by divergence Theorem,
we have
If Os Aah AM Aas = | If div OFA 22h 229% aV
= Wil [2 ors e+ ex] av= [ff 2atav = 2 {ff a
Changing to spherical polar coordi
inates by putting
x = rsin @cos 6,
rsin@ sing, z=rcos@, dV = ? sin 0 dr dO dd
a - N
To cover V, the limits of r will be 0 to 1, those of 6 will be 0 to © and those of @™"
be 0 to 2n.
al, ear =f Cf
{
(rcos 8) (7? sin? @ sin? 9) 2 sin @, dr-d® dy
mn
=2
oy
cr sin’ Ocos 0 sin? $ dr dO db 343
,
sin? cos 0 sin? > Bl Odo
6 jo
x Ans.
2
Vi > . PH
Example 45. Use Divergence Theorem to evaluate Sf, F-dS where F=4xi-2y°j+7k
a
WP int od =
3 J, sintoap =
and S is the surface bounding the region x?+y? = 4,2 = 0 and 2=3.
(AM.LE.T.E., Summer 2003, 2001,)
Solution. By Divergence Theorem,
Slr as =f Jf aivrav
=SSf (: xe] (4xi-2 9420 aV
=ff [5 (4-4y +22) drdydz
3
JJacay Ja-ays2ade = ffardy te-aye4 2h
a
= fJa2-12y+9)dedy = ff 21-12) dedy
Let us put x=rcos®, y=rsin®
2
= Jfer-t2rsine)rdedr = Jao f err 12¢sino) ar
0
ze 4a
joo fe 2 apsno] = Jao (42-32 sin 8) = (420+ 32.cos 0)"
3
| = 840432-32= 840 Ans.
= Example 46. Apply the Divergence Theorem 10 compure Jf. W ds, where s is the
face of the cylinder x2+y? = a? bounded by the planes z = 0, z = b and where
15 ix-jy + ke (Nagpur University, Winter 2000) PaPor
- Solution. By Gauss’s Divergence Theorem 5
Jfuends= J ff, Goa
= SIL (65, aust ne)
[IU(E-BrB)#- i hanteye
[a= J JJ drayde = volume of the cylinder
(ix—jy +kz) dv
W
"
= mab Ans, 8, Chand's Enginoering 14, f
344 “y ‘athoratieg j
“4
ple 47. Apply Divergence Theorem to evaluate if Fivds, where
yPv 2 Rand 8 isthe surface of the estinder 22 4 y= a bounded by thy
Oui b. (UL, T Semester, Dee dy mH
We have,
P= act-eyfer dk
ad nd gd Paya
divF= +h |. (Ant tay ta? zh)
an? ( ar “ay | : Y
od aye 2. cryy ed ty) © 12—ted
= 5, ed 4g xe Se
2122
0 MITE
, 2
Now, fff aiv nav = nf . J op bag Puede
anf ff 2 (ayydy de
= 126 f roy dx
#126 2. 2NFa de
=24b [2 WAH ae
2486 [ea de [Put x=a sin 8, d= a.cos 68]
wn
=48b [ asin? @acosOacos0d0
0
m
= 48 ba‘ [ sin’. cos? @d0 =
8 ba 5 Sin? . cos? 80 = 48ba* 5
I
2-2
22
Example 48. Evaluate surface integral { [ F-nds where F = (x2+y2+22) (4540.5
is the surface of the tetrahedron x = 0, y =
in the outward direction to the closed surface
Solution, By Divergence theorem
SJ Feta = ssf div F dv ;
3
where S'is the surface of tetrahedron x =0, y= 0,20, x4 yrz= 2 7
a a a
= LL, (Grigg) errr bith) dy
= Sf (2r+2y422)dv
=48 bat Ans.
2.20, x+y+2z = 2 and nis the unit normal
pu 345
J f (ety +2) dedydz
[ax fe [er yea ae
2 fur er dy (csereed °
=2 fa "ty (e-Paytay yes B=]
2 fur [aware Boe)”
0
22 fare - 20-9-x0-nt0-ap 2G 6 2]
=f (1- 2822+ de tds? Qa - OS oe]
-2 [2° $2 Fay a 2 _Q- =o eat aoa)
ond
W
Jo
3
Example 49. Use the Divergence Theorem to evaluate
J f (xdy de-+ydede+zdxdy)
=[- Q-9 Oat _ azatT 2$ -Bas]- Ans.
where S is the portion of the plane x+2y+3z = 6 which lies in the first Octant.
(U.P. Semester, Winter 2003)
Solution. f f (dy det fy dx de+fidxdy)
=fJj a hy Bacay dz
where S is a closed surface Sounding a volume V
2 Jf @ayde+ yde det zdrdy)
5
| =SSf [eBez aoe
ss, (141 +1) dedy dz
3 fff, exavae
= 3 (Volume of tetrahedron OABC)
S 31g Area of the baseA OAB) x heightOC ]
“=f deo] 18 Ans.
(0,3, 0)
"
} (60,0)
" S. Chand's Engineering Mathematiog _
Example 50. Evaluate | f xz? dy dz + (x2 y~ 2) de dx + xy +)? 2) dedy
where S is the surface of hemispherical region bounded by
z= V@=2=¥ and z=0.
oH eH
Solution. Sha dy dz+ fy dzdx-+f,dxdy) = {fF-B-¥ de dy dz
where S is a closed surface bounding a volume V.
* [Je ay des @2y-2) de dr+ Qay+y*2) dedy
= Sf f[202+2 wy-2) +2 aysyglacdyar
vjax ay de
(Here Vis the volume of hemisphe:
= [ff @+2+9% day de
Let x = rsin@ cos6, y = rsin@sind, z = rcos@
- F
= JJ JP sino ardo.ae) = f do F sino ao [rar
7 (ny 5 2na®
= (0), (-cos 6), 6, = In(-04 1S = ae A
Example 51. Evaluate [[F fids over the entire surface of the region above the xy-plane bound
‘5
by the cone 2 = x? + y? and the plane z =
Lif F = Axle xy ft ach,
(Nagpur University, Summer 206
Solution. If V is the volume enclosed by S, then V is bounded by the surfaces z = 0
224, 2ar4 2 z
By divergence theorem, we have 4
[Fras = IN) iv Pea dy ae =
=f Ee 9 +F owe) 2 6] dk dy dz
5 i (8¢+x243) de dy dz
Limits of z are V7? and 4,
Wore +5243) dedydx
= W[pertex dy de
a S(2+S+ thier neem Fe
“Mls Sate e620 as) ritoro" a
puttin
g.x= cos Oand y =r sin 0, we have
64
= fess 16080 9 _ eos a3 *a1) roa
pimits of rare 0 t04,
and limits of 8 are 0 to 27,
f (ues 64 Peo
t
f
( 64x cos rs ;
=f }2224S%e cod _ fe
int Pee Zo geno] do
{
$0 9-5 cos0— 7) dO dr
. cos
22 ap A os0 PO cas 0-9]
e 6
«[ 3524 E56 on 128 coso 4
=[ 160+ +(S5e- “Pcosalan
-[ 1000s (5 ~2 sina)
ye
= 160 an (S854) sin 2x
= 3207 Ans.
Example 52, The vector field F = 2 i+ zj+yzk is defined over the volume of the
cuboid given by
O +g a+ Zon} ada
f, [, i. 5 Ort dxdyde = fafa (x+y) dz
ja i [retye]g o = Jan Jexess9 dy
0
"
"
c Jax i Qx+y) dy =e ‘ [asst] de =e {fam
0 p 0
i
= o[ 22 Be v8) abe (ane
c[ MEME] = e[ou +] ane (ond) ee 348 S. Chand’s Engineering Mathe al
Mate
the divergence Theorem for the function F = 2 x2yj— Yay
the first octant bounded by y? +2? = 9 and x = 2. q
Example 53. Vé
taken over the region
Solution. ff [ ¥-Fav= LIS (egetig kg, ) rr 9220 ay
= J ii fi (4axy—2y 48 x2) de dy dz
2 3 oF
= if dx fo { * (dxy-2y4 8x0 de
= fa f y(4ayenaye4da2)y
2B
= fae [sym 2y =F 4420-99) dy
—,
af -SG0- syne d (9- yp P2+36.xy— eal
h
. ff (0+ 0+ 1081—36,+36.~ 18) a
2
= [Goss 18) ax = [ 1985 - ise]
= 216-36 = 180
Here,’f [ F-hds = Jr fast | [F-Ras+ | [F-Rds+ | [F-fas+ [fF
oe pine ABD
J [Fetas = ff exyi-yi+4a2y has Z
aoe bec
Normal vector fooaie
=Vo= (Reged 2 one = 9)
= 2yj+2zk a
= 2yjt2ek __yjtzk
layed Wyre? (03,0)
c
Unit normal =
= WAk _ yitek
io 3 o
J feryimyie4rty Weds = 4 ff (-y sandy as
BDEC BDEC
dxdy = ds (ek) = ds( Ua eae E.
integration
we 349
dx [= 27sim | 4 cocost oy [Beovod®
(-
Sie
Siac
3cos0
7, et os,
ax J" (—27 sin? 0+ 108 xcos? 0) 4°
= | dx s(- 27x24 108x%2 3)° f (- 184720) de
(2)
=| -18r+36. ] = 108
aT
J JF Ras= J few +4220 (bas
OABE ‘banc
= J faxzas = -.. @) because in OABC xy plane, 2 = v
hee
ae 4
J [Fas = [expayysane0- (pas = J [ras =0 (4)
ave ave. ADE
because in OADE xz- plane, Y =
[[Fetas = J [ exyi-yi+4x20 (-d ds = JJ-22yas=0 (5)
oce ce oce
because in OCE yz- plane, x = 0
J [Fas = J [exis +4220 ds = J Joxvas
ABD ABD . ABD
wo
= J faxyavae = fae J 22 y dy
because in ABD plane, x = 2
3 ¥ 9-2 f e
=8f a. =4f ao-
fe [ 7 | [ a2@-2)
2
= 492-4] = 4127-9) = 72 6
Inadding (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6), we get
f
wl)
J, Fsfids = 108 + 0+0+0+72 = 180
fom (1) and (7), we have
Iv. rav = [fF fas
tee the theorem is verified.
ta ‘
mple 54. Verify the Gauss divergence Theorem for
(2 = yz) i+ (2-22) /+ (2-29) k taken over the rectangular parallelopipes
d
St8a, Osysb 0S 2 Se.
“Aton,
(Nagpur University, Summer 2002, U.P. 1 Semester. Compartment 2002)
We have SS) 8, Chand's Engineering Mathomateg
a
aay
a
ay
Vote integral = fff) ¥- Fav = JJ 2e+ytaav
W Fe hye {'
)
eS vey
2 S (2-xy) = Wet 2yt2z
Lr y a+? ») y
(xtyt2) dedydz = 2 ff a f dy fet y tarde
h=0 420
: 2) cof é |
=2 fi f w (sert5) = af dx [ dy eros
2 ey) Be
=2 [ dx fexreege PZ) = of dx (oer +® +e )
fl
Bex, bExy «ary pab e+ abe]
2 2 lo
= abe (at b+0)
To evaluate ff Finds, where $ consists of six plane surfaces.
Jf Fanas= ff Fends+ ff Fenas+ Jf
aA < ce
+I fe ends + ff Pas Th Fends
ae Fn ds = J fiigg [2-294 O22) j4 ay) k] CW day
? — xy) dx dy
=o
ot a6
=f J@-x) dedy = f [(@-v) acay
00 00
S.N
G
‘3:) [G2 y 402-29) +(2 yy, lu
integral
A
Find
con *
|
SSocou
‘OCDG
Adding (
{JF
From (1)
‘ample
Surface ¢
Solution, re "
strain 451
‘
| Fehds = .
ure " Sorry (O29 E+ OF - 2) j+(2—ay) k| sp de de
=-JJ,, O- ~ a) dxdz
=~ Je fons en fac(af) = [oe a wo [e) )
-nds= | fG2-yai4(2—x09j4(@—a) k} -jdede= SSocn 08-12) dd
ax f Wx ga = (weg } ae (ef ear
3
0
Fy, Reece ae wa (6)
Sone Fens = (ies “le ea ieae ~a} oe
2 ane
9 0 0 0
» .
= [(eeF = )y = [eo ee]
o 4 |,
eae s a AT)
Mena FP 4 = J Nog 10-7?! +P enit@ ak} CD dyde
be be n
-ffee-yo dae =- fay fev a=-fo/
00 oo iq
» o
2 2] _we
-pea-[2]- 4 . 8)
Adding (3), (4), (5), (6). (7) and (8). pee se a
J JF nas = (=) + (we -* mee =) +(%)+ («#--%2)
: (25) + (#oe-82)
= abe? +abc + a be
abc (atb+0) ee ©
From (1) and (9), Gauss divergence Theorem is verified. Verified.
Example 55. Verify Divergence Theorem, given that F=4 xzi-y?j+yzk and S is the
surface of the cube bounded by the planesx=0,.x=hy=Oy=12=Q2=1
Solution. V-F = (‘2 5ehe) (axal~ 92) ty2
=42-2yty
=4z-y S. Chand’s Engineering Mather
352 Matic
Volume Integral = f ff ¥- Fav ann ol 2:
= ff fae-yavayae
[ dx i dy [ (42-y)de
F
0
1 \
=f av [ay (22-y2),
oO
= [ dk f dy(2-y)
1
=f ax (»-% J i a(2-3)=3 f d= 3 (x), =3 at
To evaluate J { F-Ads, where S consists of six plane surfaces,
3 .
Over.the face OABC, z = 0,
- S.No. al @
de = 0,8 = k ds = de dy Te louc lice a
[JF Ras = J J (-¥9-(-Wardy = 0..[ 2 | eeoe yal ded: |
oe 3 | perc] z=1 dy
4 OCDG | x=0
ra 5_|AoGF| y=0
[JP-Ras= [' [ Gxzi-j+ey-aeacl 6) aper Pec
0%
a
=f [ -axae
0%
Da, Voi
ao fae f te=-(y)(2))=-y =-1 0)
Over the face DEFG, z = I,dz = 0,f = yds = dedy
J JF fas = [ [ (4x ()~y+y (1) A) dedy
=f f yards = fi af ydy = (x)), (),- 3 a
Over the face OCDG, x = 0, dx = 0,8 = ~i,ds = dydz
JfFias = f f Oi-yj+y2B -(- i dydz = 0 0)
Over the face AOGF, y = 0, dy = 0, = —j, ay = dxdz
[ [Phas = { { (x2) -(—jdede = 9 ~O
Over the face ABEF.x = Ind = 0,8 = ide & aya
fm
JfFiids= [62-4320 Ohaus { f dzdyde s7ety
wl)
on adding (2), (3) (4), (5), (6) and (7), we see that over the whole surface
JJ rtas=(o-14240 8)
7c ee
7 (@4,0) From (1) and (8), we have
[JJ v-Fav= Jf F-has Nee
5
Exercise 14.6
“Use Divergence Theorem to evaluate f f (22i+2x)+2°8) dé,
s
where Sis the upper part ofthe sphere x? +3? +2? = 9 above xy- plane. ‘Ans. 23
ds
Evaluate J (VF). ds, where Sis the surface of the paraboloid x2 +y?+z = 4 above the xy-plane and
s
axdy
Fa (P4y-4)i43nyj+Qxetzyk Ans, -47
dxde
Evaluate ff x2? dy de+ (7 y-2) de de + 2.xy+y? 2 de dy], where Sis the surface enclosing a region
'
dy de
bounded by hemisphere x? +y?+ 2? = 4 above.y- plane,
dxde
Verify Divergence Theorem for F = x°i-+j+ yak taken over the cube bounded by
dyde
x=OQx=1y=Qy=lz2=Q2=1
= 3)
‘Bvaluate { (2.xyi+ yz?j+.x28)- di over the surface ofthe region bounded by
s
x20, y=0, y=3,2=0 and x422=6
Verify Divergence Theorem for F = (x+y")i-2.xj+2yzk and the volume of a tetrahedron bounded
by coordinate planes and the plane 2x+y+2z = 6.
(Nagpur, Winter 2000, A.M.LE.TE., Winter 2000)
‘ etify Divergence Theorem for the function F = yi + xj +2 k over the region bounded by
tyt= 9, 2=0 and 2=2,
' Use the Divergence Theorem to evaluate [ J Pdyde+ ty dede+ezdx dy,
a 4)
) stece Sis the surface ofthe region bounded by the closed cylinder
2 Ans. 16
lon above the XOY plane bounded
id ax? + by? + ez? = Ly applying
Ax
Ans. <2
™ Yabo an
354 ‘S. Chand’s Engineering Mathematics 1
12. Apply Divergence Theorem to evaluate f f (1x? my? +n 2) ds
taken over the sphi
normal to the sphere.
a) + (yb)? + (2— eF = F, l,m, n being the direction cosines Of the extemay
8x
Ans. SE (a+b+ op,
13. Show that ff fwv-V+vu- Dav = ff uveds.
;
14, WE = grad @ and V? = 4p, prove that Sf, Bas =-4n ff Joa
¥
Where 7? is the outward unit normal vector, while dS and dV are respectively surface and volume elemen
15, Choose the correct answer :
(©The value of the Fine integral grad (x+y —2) dF from (0, 1,1) to (1,2, is:
@-1 3 (0 (@ No obtainable.
(A necessary and sufficient condition that line intetgral A dr = O for every closed curve Cis that
Js
(a) divA=0 (b)culA=0 — (c)divA #0 — (d)curlA # 0.
(Git) The work done by the force P= yz i+ 2x +29 kin moving a particle from the point, (1, 1,1) to
the point (3, 3, 2) along a path cis
@s5 (0 (0.17 @) cannot be found as the path, cis not given,
(i) The value of the line integeral J (dx +x°dy) where cis the boundary of the square
-ISx