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Political Science

The document discusses the definition and key elements of a state according to various political scientists and philosophers. It notes that a state is defined as a group of people occupying a territory with a sovereign government. The essential elements of a state are a population, territory, sovereignty, and a government. Provinces like Tamil Nadu are not considered full states as they do not have sovereignty. A state ensures order and organization in society by regulating the lives of people and establishing norms for them to follow.

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8 views

Political Science

The document discusses the definition and key elements of a state according to various political scientists and philosophers. It notes that a state is defined as a group of people occupying a territory with a sovereign government. The essential elements of a state are a population, territory, sovereignty, and a government. Provinces like Tamil Nadu are not considered full states as they do not have sovereignty. A state ensures order and organization in society by regulating the lives of people and establishing norms for them to follow.

Uploaded by

tamilanroyal226
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Political science

Politician- thinks about only his people


Statesmen- thinks of welfare of all people
Advancement in industrial sector- India will never become a
developed state
5 year plans- Nehru- fascinated by soviet union and planning-
its 5 year plans- socialist setup
Why socialism might be a failure in India-
Even before constitution- varied ideas were expressed-
divided opinions- constituent assembly
Once it became free- what sort of govt they should have-
Gandhi: constitution made in a way that each village gets
autonomy- gram Swaraj
Many others- need of the hour- unity rather than dividing- all
admin, legislative and judicial get power- no unity which
Indians are aspiring for- pertinent
Others- social society- constitution- made in a way that
socialism could be followed in India
Majority- more than 200 years- ruled- freedom is needed
now
Socialism- advantageous but people are in need of freedom
Some value freedom more than their life
China- because of socialism- becoming a fast developing
state
1980s- India and China- equals
AM Khusrau- 16th century belongs to Spain, 17th- Dutch, 18th -
French, 19th -British, 20th -American, 21st -India
Now China- far ahead- India’s economy- 3 trillion dollars,
China- 16 trillion dollars- nowhere nearby China
1776- American revolution- American war of independence
1789- French revolution
1949- Chinese revolution- ruled by Qing dynasty
Russian revolution- 1917- Tsar

Political science- begins and ends with the study of state


A politico-ethical discussion of the state
State is a group of people around which the subject political
science revolves
Aristotle- man is a social animal- every man has multifaceted
needs and needs help of others to survive
No one can survive by alienating himself from others
Man wants himself to be appreciated by others, share
emotional feelings with others
A person who doesn’t like to live with others must either be a
god or a beast- Humans want to lead a social life
When man wants to live in a society- by nature- man is selfish
and quarrelsome- belligerence
Man has an uncontrolled desire because of his mind
In society- resembles a jungle if there is no organised life of
people- people need to follow certain norms- could result in
better dividends to all the people
Institution to regulate life of people and make them lead an
organised life- state- ensures order in the society
Till 19th century- state was called as police state
State- highest of all institutions which make the life of all
people peaceful
Society will be unorganised without state
Functions of state:
1. Protecting the territory from foreign aggression
(defence)
2. Ensuring law and order
3. Executing contracts
Now- name of police state- transformed- now called as
welfare state
There is interference of state in the life of an individual in
almost all aspects of human life
Confusion regarding the uses of the term state
We use for federal republic of India and tamilnadu
Appropriate to call India as state but not the provinces like
tamilnadu etc
Essential elements of a state:
1. Population
2. Territory
3. Sovereignty
4. Government

Not appropriate to call tamilnadu as state as it does not


have sovereignty
Federation- grouping of some individual states by an
agreement

State:
 Aristotle defined the state as a union of families and
villages having for its end a perfect and self-sufficing life
by which we mean a happy and honourable life
 The English write Holland defines the state as a
“numerous assemblage of human beings generally
occupying a certain territory amongst whom the will of
the majority or of an ascertainable class of persons is by
the strength of such a majority made to present against
any of their number who oppose it.
 Burgess defined the state as “a particular portion of
mankind viewed as an organised unit”
 Nicolo Machiavelli- first person to use the word state
 Garner: A community of persons more or less
numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of
territory, independent or nearly so, of external control
and possessing an organised government to which the
great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience

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