Application of Definite Integral

Math 35
Engineering Calculus II

Prepared by:
Engr. Odette R. Alegato
 Learning Outcomes

After careful study of this chapter, students should be able to do

the following:

1. Apply the concepts of integration in solving geometric

problems

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 2

 Introduction
Definite Integrals
So far when integrating, there has always been a constant term left. For this
reason, such integrals are known as indefinite integrals. With definite integrals,
we integrate a function between 2 points, and so we can find the precise
value of the integral and there is no need for any unknown constant terms
[the constant cancels out].

Area under the curve

The area under a curve between two points can be found by doing a definite
integral between the two points
Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 3
 Area Under the Curve
The area under the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 from 𝑥 = 𝑎 to 𝑥 = 𝑏 is given by the
definite integral

𝑏
𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑎

If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 is entirely below the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, then the coordinate correspon

ding to each point on the curve is negative. Hence, the area, A, of the r
egion from 𝑥 = 𝑎 to 𝑥 = 𝑏 is given by:

𝑏
𝐴=− 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑎

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 4

 Area Under the Curve
If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 from is partly positive and partly negative on 𝑎, 𝑏 , then the
graph 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 crosses the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 at some point 𝑐. The total area is
defined by;

𝑐 𝑏
𝐴1 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 = − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑐

And adding the result that is ;

Total area A =𝐴1 +𝐴2

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 5

 Sample Problems
Find the area under the curve

1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 from 𝑥 = 1 to 𝑥 = 2

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 is an equation of parabola that opens upward

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2
𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
1

2
= 1
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

2
= 𝑥3 1

= 23 − 13

= 7 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 6
 Sample Problems
Find the area under the curve

2. 𝑦 = 3 ln 𝑥 from 𝑥 = 2 to 𝑥 = 4

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4
𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
2

4
= 2
3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4
=3 2
ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

IBP:
let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑣=𝑥
𝑥

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 7

 Sample Problems
4
𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐴 = 3 𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 −
𝑥
2

= 3 𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2

4
= 3 𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 2

= 3 4𝑙𝑛4 − 4 − 2𝑙𝑛2 − 2

= 3 8𝑙𝑛2 − 4 − 2𝑙𝑛2 − 2

= 3 6𝑙𝑛2 − 2 square units

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 8

 Sample Problems
Find the area under the curve

3. 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 from 𝑥 = −3 to 𝑥 = 3

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
3
𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
−3

3
= −3
( 4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

3
𝑥3
= 4𝑥 − 3
−3

33 −3 3
= 4 3 − − 4 −3 −
3 3

= 6 square units

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 9

 Sample Problems
Find the area under the curve

4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 2

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐴 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2

𝑐 𝑏
= 𝑎
𝑦𝑑𝑥 - 𝑐
𝑦𝑑𝑥

1
= 0
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 - 12 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥

7 7
= 4- 0 − 4

= 3.5 square units

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 10

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the curves

5. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 0

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2
𝐴= 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0

2
2𝑥 2 𝑥 3
= −
2 3 0

23
=4−
3

4
= 3 square units

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 11

 Assignment
I. Find the area under the curve

1. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 1

2. 𝑥𝑦 = −1 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2

3. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 𝜋

4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = −1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2

Find the area bounded by the given curve

5. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠

6. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥; 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4

By integration show that

7. The area of a circle with radius 𝑟 is 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 11