A Technical Seminar Report

on

ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

Submitted In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of Degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (AI&ML)

by

Pittala Saiprasad

(217R5A6603)

CMR TECHNICAL CAMPUS

UGC-AUTONOMOUS, Accredited by NBA, NAAC.
Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Kandlakoya (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad-501401.
2020-2024

i
 CMR TECHNICALCAMPUS
UGC-AUTONOMOUS, Accredited by NBA, NAAC.
Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Kandlakoya (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad-501401.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (AI&ML)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar Report entitled with "ADVANCED DRIVER
ASSISTANCE SYSTEM" is a record of bonafide work carried out by the PITTALA
SAIPRASAD with bearing hall ticket number 217R5A6603 during the academic year 2020-
24 in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer
Science and Engineering (AI&ML).

Seminar Coordinator Head of the Department

Mr. Sk. Sharif Dr. S Rao Chintalapudi

Asst Professor (CSE-AI&ML) Professor & HOD CSE(AI&ML)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I wish to express our deep and sincere feeling of gratitude towards our great
institution, CMR Technical Campus for providing us with opportunity of fulfillment of our long-
cherished goal of becoming BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING(AI&ML). I am very much thankful to our Director Dr. A. Raji Reddy. Head of
the Department Dr. S Rao Chintalapudi having provided me an excellent academic atmosphere in
the institution. I also thank our Seminar Guide Mr. G. Aravind Asst Professor (CSE-AI&ML) for
extending his support in completion of Technical Seminar Report. We would like to express our sincere
gratitude to our Chairman Shri. C. Gopal Reddy for his encouragement throughout the course of this
seminar.

I also thank all the staff members and friends who assisted me.

P. SAIPRASAD

217R5A6603

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 ABSTRACT
Advanced Driver Assistance System Technology is emerging as new driving technology
popularly known as ADAS. It is supported with Adaptive Cruise Control, Automatic Emergency
Brake, blind spot monitoring, lane change assistance, and forward collision warnings etc. It is an
important platform to integrate these multiple applications by using data from multifunction sensors,
cameras, radars, lidars etc. and send command to plural actuators, engine, brake, steering etc. ADAS
technology can detect some objects, do basic classification, alert the driver of hazardous road
conditions, and in some cases, slow or stop the vehicle. The architecture of the electronic control
units (ECUs) is responsible for executing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in vehicle
which is changing as per its response during the process of driving. Automotive system architecture
integrates multiple applications into ADAS ECUs that serve multiple sensors for their functions.
This chapter explains the functioning of Assistance Driving Technology with the help of its
architecture and various types of sensors.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) represent a groundbreaking paradigm shift in

automotive technology, aiming to enhance road safety, reduce accidents, and improve overall
driving experiences. This review explores the fundamental components, functionalities, and benefits
of ADAS, including features such as Automatic Emergency Braking, Lane Departure Warning, and
Adaptive Cruise Control. These systems leverage a combination of sensors, cameras, and
sophisticated algorithms to provide real-time information about the vehicle's surroundings, enabling
timely interventions and driver assistance.

The advantages of ADAS are evident in their potential to prevent collisions, enhance driver
awareness, and optimize traffic flow. However, challenges such as overreliance on technology,
system complexity, and ethical considerations must be carefully addressed to ensure the responsible
development and deployment of these systems. Reliability concerns, false alarms, and the need for
standardized practices highlight the importance of ongoing research and collaboration between
industry stakeholders, regulators, and users.

Looking forward, as technology continues to evolve, ADAS is poised to play a pivotal role
in shaping the future of transportation. Striking the right balance between human control and
automated assistance remains a critical aspect of harnessing the full potential of ADAS while
minimizing associated risks. This review provides a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of
ADAS, offering insights into its advantages, challenges, and the path forward in achieving safer and
more efficient roads. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) represent a groundbreaking
paradigm shift in automotive technology, aiming to enhance road safety, reduce accidents, and
improve overall driving experiences

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 CONTENTS

Page No.
LIST OF FIGURES vi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 ADVANCED DRIVER ASSITANCE SYSTEM 2

CHAPTER 3 FEATURES OF ADAS TECHNOLOGY 3

3.1 Forward Collision Warning 3

3.2 Automatic Emergency Braking 3

3.3 Adaptive Cruise Control 3

3.4 Lane departure warning and Lane Keeping Assist 4

3.5 Blind Spot Detection 4

3.6 Parking Assistance 4

3.7 Traffic Sign Recognition 5

3.8 Driver Monitoring Systems 5

3.9 Traffic Jam Assist 6

CHAPTER 4 Advance Driver Assistance System Architecture 7

CHAPTER 5 TYPES OF ADVANCE DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM10 8

5.1 Passive ADAS Systems 8

5.2 Active ADAS Systems 8

CHAPTER 6 Advance Driver Assistance Providers 10

6.1 Top ADAS companies 10

CHAPTER 7 RISKS OF ADVANCE DRIVER ASSISTANCE 12

SYSTEM
CHAPTER 8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ADAS 14

8.1 ADVANTAGES of ADAS 14

8.2 DISADVANTAGES of ADAS 15

CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION 16

CHAPTER 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 18

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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.

Figure 1.1 Advanced Driver Assistance System 1

Figure 2.1 ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance system 2

Figure 3.1 Forward Collision Warning 3

Figure 3.3 Adaptive Cruise Control 4

Figure 3.4 Lane Departure Warning 4
Figure 3.7 Traffic Sign Recognition 5

Figure 4.1 ADAS Architecture 7

Figure 6.1 ADAS Companies Vendors 10

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 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) is a technological suite integrated into

modern vehicles to enhance driver safety, improve overall driving experience, and automate
certain aspects of vehicle operation. These systems leverage various sensors, cameras, radar,
Lidar, and advanced software algorithms to provide real-time information about the vehicle's
surroundings and assist the driver in making informed decisions. The goal of ADAS is to
reduce accidents, enhance road safety, and increase overall driving efficiency.

As technology continues to advance, the capabilities of ADAS are expected to grow,

eventually paving the way for more advanced autonomous driving features. However, it's
crucial to note that, as of my last knowledge update in January 2022, fully autonomous vehicles
are still in the testing and development phase, and widespread adoption may take several more
years.

ADAS technologies are continually evolving, and advancements in artificial

intelligence and sensor technologies contribute to the development of more sophisticated and
capable systems. These systems collectively work towards enhancing road safety, reducing
accidents, and improving the overall driving experience. As the automotive industry moves
towards increased automation,

Fig 1.1: Advanced Driver Assistance System

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 CHAPTER-2

ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

An advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) includes technologies that
assist drivers with the safe operation of a vehicle. Through a human-machine
interface, ADAS increases car and road safety. ADAS uses automated technology,
such as sensors and cameras, to detect nearby obstacles or driver errors, and respond
accordingly. ADAS can enable various levels of autonomous driving.

Figure.2.1: ADAS (ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM)

ADAS are developed to automate, adapt, and enhance vehicle technology for
safety and better driving. ADAS are proven to reduce road fatalities by minimizing
human error. Safety features are designed to avoid crashes and collisions by offering
technologies that alert the driver to problems, implementing safeguards, and taking
control of the vehicle if necessary. Adaptive features may automate lighting, provide
adaptive cruise control, assist in avoiding collisions, incorporate satellite navigation and
traffic warnings, alert drivers to possible obstacles, assist in lane departure and lane
centring, provide navigational assistance through smartphones, and provide other
features. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) represent a groundbreaking paradigm
shift in automotive technology, aiming to enhance road safety, reduce accidents, and improve
overall driving experiences

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 CHAPTER-3

FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES IN ADAS TECHNOLOGY

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) encompass a wide range of features and
capabilities designed to enhance vehicle safety, improve driving comfort, and, in some cases,
contribute to semi-autonomous driving. Here are some common features and capabilities found
in ADAS technology:

3.1 Forward Collision Warning (FCW):

Capability: Detects an imminent collision with a vehicle in the front and warns the driver.

Fig 3.1: Forward Collision Warning (FCW)

3.2 Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB):

Capability: Engages the brakes autonomously to prevent or mitigate a collision if the driver
doesn't respond to warnings.

3.3 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC):

Capability: Adjusts the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle
ahead.

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 Fig 3.3: Adaptive Cruise Control

3.4 Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA):

Capability: LDW alerts the driver when unintentional lane departure occurs. LKA can actively
steer the vehicle back into the lane.

Fig 3.4: Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA)

3.5 Blind Spot Detection (BSD) and Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA):

Capability: BSD warns of vehicles in the blind spot, and RCTA alerts to oncoming traffic
when reversing.

3.6 Parking Assistance:

Capability: Assists with parking through features like automatic parallel parking, parking
sensors, and surround-view cameras.

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3.7 Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR):

Capability: Identifies and interprets traffic signs, such as speed limits, and displays the
information to the driver. It's important to note that the availability of these features can vary
among different vehicle models and manufacturers. Additionally, as technology advances, new
features and improvements to existing ones are continually introduced to enhance overall road
safety and driver experience.

Fig 3.7: Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR)

3.8 Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS):

Capability: Monitors the driver's behaviour for signs of fatigue or distraction and issues
warnings to maintain driver attentiveness.

Crosswind Stabilization:

Capability: Helps stabilize the vehicle during strong crosswinds by making steering
adjustments.

Collision Avoidance Assistance:

Capability: Assists the driver in avoiding collisions through interventions like steering or
braking.

Intersection Assistance: Monitors cross traffic and warns or intervenes if there's a risk of
a collision at intersections.

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Traction Control System (TCS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC):

Capability: TCS prevents wheel spin during acceleration, while ESC helps maintain stability
during sudden manners.

Gesture and Voice Control:

Capability: Enables drivers to control in-car systems using gestures or voice commands,
reducing the need for manual interaction.

Highway Pilot (Partial Automation):

Capability: Allows for hands-free driving on certain highway conditions, with the system
handling tasks like steering and acceleration within defined limits.

3.9 Traffic Jam Assist:

Capability: Provides semi-autonomous driving capability in slow-moving traffic, often

handling acceleration, braking, and steering. It's important to note that the availability of these
features can vary among different vehicle models and manufacturers. Additionally, as
technology advances, new features and improvements to existing ones are continually
introduced to enhance overall road safety and driver experience.

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 CHAPTER-4

ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURE

There are a number of sensors which are increasingly being used. These are namely
cameras, medium and long-range radar, ultrasonic, and LIDAR. Data generated from these
sensors go through fusion process to authenticate the data so as to enable the computer software
perform the necessary tasks to activate the driver assistance system to take correct decisions.
These decisions are related to parking assistance, automatic emergency breaking, pedestrian
detection, surrounding view, and even drowsiness of the driver. The functional components
such as various types of sensors collecting data from immediate surrounding environment are
related to ADAS architecture that helps to perform necessary tasks as shown in the Figure 4.1.
The forward collision-avoidance ECU module is located in the windshield, supported with the
blind spot ultrasonic sensors and related ADAS processor may be located in the side mirrors
or other location areas.

Figure.4.1: ADAS Architecture

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 CHAPTER - 5

TYPES OF ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

Advanced driver-assistance systems can be of two types:
• Passive ADAS systems
• Active ADAS systems

5.1 Passive ADAS systems

In a passive ADAS system, the computer alerts the driver to a dangerous circumstance
despite the number or kind of sensors deployed. The motorist must take steps to avoid an
accident caused by this circumstance.
Typical warning systems include sirens, flashing lights, and, in some cases, tactile
input, such as a steering wheel that vibrates to alert the driver that the zone they are entering is
already taken by another car (blind spot detection). The driver receives critical information that
allows him to make the best judgments on the road. Passive ADAS provides real-time data
about the driving environment and alerts about possible risks via a human-machine interface
(HMI).
The data is transmitted in three modes: visual, auditory, and haptic. Visual and audio
alerts have traditionally been employed extensively in the architecture of ADAS data
presentation.

5.2 Active ADAS systems

Automatic emergency braking (AEB) detects an impending accident and applies the
brakes The car takes active steps in these ADAS systems. To avoid worst-case scenarios, the
vehicle can take action on its own. without the driver’s assistance. Functional features include

adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane-keeping assist (LKA), traffic jam assist.

In the event of a slower vehicle in its path, the Active ADAS System automatically
changes the host car’s speed from its pre-set setting (as in regular cruise control). LKA and LC
guide the vehicle automatically to keep it inside the lane borders. Under traffic congestion
situations, traffic jam assist is a mix of adaptive cruise control (ACC).

8
 To avoid worst-case scenarios, the vehicle can take action on its own. without the
driver’s assistance. Functional features include adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane-keeping
assist (LKA), traffic jam assist.
Typical warning systems include sirens, flashing lights, and, in some cases, tactile
input, such as a steering wheel that vibrates to alert the driver that the zone they are entering is

already taken by another car (blind spot detection).

In the event of a slower vehicle in its path, the Active ADAS System automatically
changes the host car’s speed from its pre-set setting (as in regular cruise control). LKA and LC
guide the vehicle automatically to keep it inside the lane borders.
Under traffic congestion These automated elements serve as the foundation for
semi/fully autonomous vehicles.
In an ACTIVE ADAS system, the vehicle takes direct action. Examples of Active
ADAS functions include: Automatic Emergency Braking: Automatically brakes as required to
avoid hitting a vehicle ahead or another object, including pedestrians, animals, or anything in
the lane of travel.
In the event of a slower vehicle in its path, the Active ADAS System automatically
changes the host car’s speed from its pre-set setting (as in regular cruise control). LKA and LC
guide the vehicle automatically to keep it inside the lane borders. Under traffic congestion
situations, traffic jam assist is a mix of adaptive cruise control (ACC).

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 CHAPTER - 6

ADVANCE DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM PROVIDERS

Figure.6.1: ADAS Companies Vendors

• Continental AG

• Delphi Technologies

• DENSO Corporation

• Robert Bosch GmbH

• ZF Friedrichshafen AG

6.1 Top Advanced Driver Assistance System Companies:

• Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd

• Delphi Automotive

• DENSO Corporation

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• Infineon Technologies

• Magna International

• WABCO Vehicle Control Services

• Continental AG

• ZF Friedrichshafen AG

• Mobileye

• Hella KGAA Hueck & Co

• Robert Bosch GmbH

• Valeo SA

• Hyundai Motors

• Autoliv Inc.

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 CHAPTER - 7

RISKS OF ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

While advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) offer numerous benefits in terms of
safety and convenience, they also come with certain risks and challenges. Understanding and
addressing these risks is crucial for the responsible development, deployment, and use of
ADAS technologies. Some of the key risks associated with ADAS include:

Overreliance and Complacency:

Risk: Drivers may become overly reliant on ADAS features, leading to complacency and
reduced attentiveness while false negatives pose safety risks if the driver assumes the system
is providing complete protection.

Cybersecurity Threats:
Risk: ADAS systems are susceptible to cybersecurity threats. Unauthorized access to the
vehicle's network could compromise the integrity of the system, leading to potential safety
hazards.

Complex Human-Machine Interaction:

Risk: The interaction between drivers and ADAS interfaces can be complex. Poorly designed
user interfaces or confusing feedback can lead to misunderstandings and errors in system
operation. Overreliance can result in delayed reaction times when the system requires driver
intervention.

Limited Operational Design Domain (ODD):

Risk: Many ADAS systems have limitations on the types of environments and conditions in
which they can operate effectively. Drivers might assume the system is capable in all situations,
leading to potential issues when operating outside the system's designated ODD.
Sensor Limitations and Environmental Factors:
Risk: ADAS heavily relies on sensors, and their performance can be affected by environmental
conditions such as rain, snow, fog, or glare, reliability of the sensors may be compromised.

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False Positives and Negatives:
Risk: ADAS systems may generate false alarms (false positives) or fail to detect real threats
(false negatives). False alarms can lead to driver frustration,

Ethical and Legal Dilemmas:

Risk: ADAS systems may face ethical challenges, such as determining how the system should
prioritize the safety of the vehicle occupants versus pedestrians or other road users. Legal
frameworks may need to adapt to address liability issues in the event of accidents involving
ADAS-equipped vehicles.

Maintenance and Calibration:

Risk: ADAS systems require proper maintenance and periodic calibration. Failure to maintain
or calibrate the system could result in degraded performance and compromised safety.

Lack of Standardization:
Risk: The lack of standardized terminology, interfaces, and testing protocols for ADAS can
lead to confusion among users and may hinder interoperability between different systems and
vehicles.

Data Privacy Concerns:

Risk: ADAS systems often collect and process significant amounts of data. Concerns about
how this data is stored, processed, and shared may arise, leading to potential privacy issues.
Addressing these risks involves a combination of technological improvements, ongoing user
education, regulatory oversight, and industry collaboration. Striking the right balance between
providing assistance and ensuring driver engagement remains a key challenge in the
development and deployment of advanced driver assistance systems.

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 CHAPTER - 8

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ADVANCED

DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

8.1 Advantages:

Enhanced Safety:
ADAS can significantly reduce the risk of accidents by providing timely warnings, automatic
interventions, and improving overall driver awareness.
Collision Prevention:
Features like Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) can help prevent collisions or reduce their
severity by autonomously applying brakes.
Improved Driver Awareness:
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) enhance driver
alertness, reducing the chances of accidents due to fatigue or distraction.
Traffic Flow Optimization:
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Traffic Jam Assist contribute to smoother traffic flow,
reducing congestion and improving overall road efficiency.
Parking Assistance:
ADAS assists in parking, making it easier for drivers and reducing the likelihood of collisions
in parking lots.
Fuel Efficiency:
Optimized driving patterns, as facilitated by ADAS features, can lead to improved fuel
efficiency.
Environmental Impact:
Reduced fuel consumption and optimized driving behaviours can contribute to lower
emissions, benefiting the environment.
Assistance for Vulnerable Road Users:
Features like pedestrian detection and cyclist detection enhance the safety of pedestrians and
cyclists on the road.

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8.2Disadvantages:

1. Cost:
ADAS-equipped vehicles are often more expensive due to the cost of the technology and
sensors involved.
2. Complexity:
The complexity of ADAS can lead to challenges in understanding and operating the systems,
potentially resulting in misuse or underutilization.
3. Reliability Concerns:
ADAS systems may not perform optimally in all conditions, and their reliability can be affected
by factors such as weather or sensor malfunctions.
4. Overreliance and Complacency:
Drivers might become overly reliant on ADAS features, leading to complacency and reduced
attentiveness, especially if they misunderstand the limitations of the system.
5. False Alarms:
ADAS systems may generate false alarms, causing driver frustration and potentially leading to
disengagement from the system.
6. Privacy Issues:
The collection and processing of data by ADAS systems can raise concerns about privacy and
data security, especially if information is shared without user consent.
7. Standardization Challenges:
Lack of standardization in terminology, interfaces, and testing protocols can lead to confusion
and interoperability issues.
8. Cyber security Risks:
As vehicles become more connected, there is an increased risk of cybersecurity threats,
potentially allowing unauthorized access to vehicle systems.
9. Maintenance Requirements:
ADAS systems require regular maintenance and calibration, and failure to do so could
compromise their effectiveness.

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 CHAPTER - 9

CONCLUSION

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) represent a transformative leap in

automotive technology, offering a range of features designed to enhance road safety, improve
driving comfort, and pave the way for future autonomous driving capabilities. The benefits of
ADAS are evident in their potential to prevent collisions, reduce the severity of accidents, and
enhance overall driving experience. Features such as Automatic Emergency Braking, Lane
Departure Warning, and Adaptive Cruise Control contribute to a safer and more efficient
driving environment.

However, the implementation of ADAS is not without challenges. Issues such as

overreliance on technology, system complexity, and the need for standardized practices present
hurdles that require careful consideration. Reliability concerns, false alarms, and ethical
dilemmas also highlight the need for continuous refinement and adaptation of these systems.

As technology continues to advance, addressing these challenges becomes crucial for

the responsible development and deployment of ADAS. Collaboration between manufacturers,
regulators, and users is essential to establish clear standards, ensure system reliability, and
address emerging ethical and privacy concerns.

In the coming years, the evolution of ADAS is likely to continue, with advancements
in artificial intelligence, sensor technologies, and connectivity contributing to more
sophisticated and capable systems. Striking the right balance between human control and
automated assistance remains a key aspect of achieving the full potential of ADAS while
minimizing associated risks.

In conclusion, while ADAS has the potential to revolutionize road safety and driving
experiences, a holistic and collaborative approach is necessary to navigate the complexities and
challenges associated with this rapidly evolving technology.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

1. NHTSA. (2019). Automated Vehicles for Safety. National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration.
2. SAE International. (2018). Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving
Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles. SAE J3016.
3. European Commission. (2019). EU Strategy on Cooperative Intelligent Transport
Systems. European Commission.
4. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). (2021). Highway Loss Data Institute.
5. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). (2016). J3018_201610: Automated Driving
Systems (ADS) - Data Collection and Sharing.
6. Themar’s, S., & Ohnishi, N. (2017). Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: From
Concept to Reality. CRC Press.
7. Kusano, K., Gabler, H. C., & Gabauer, D. J. (2018). Performance of Automatic
Emergency Braking Systems in Real-World Front-to-Rear Crashes. Traffic Injury
Prevention, 19(sup2), S196-S201.
8. Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R., & De Winter, J. C. (2015). Public opinion on automated
driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5,000 respondents.
Transportation Research
9. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 127-140.

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