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Analysis of Anions and Cations

The document describes tests to analyze and identify different anions and cations. For anions, gases evolved and confirmatory tests are listed to detect ions such as carbonate, sulfide, nitrate, and chloride. For cations, precipitate colors formed with reagents like potassium iodide, potassium chromate, and ammonium hydroxide are used to identify ions including lead, arsenic, zinc, copper, barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium, and others. The analysis involves dividing solutions into parts and observing results of additional confirmatory tests.

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54 views3 pages

Analysis of Anions and Cations

The document describes tests to analyze and identify different anions and cations. For anions, gases evolved and confirmatory tests are listed to detect ions such as carbonate, sulfide, nitrate, and chloride. For cations, precipitate colors formed with reagents like potassium iodide, potassium chromate, and ammonium hydroxide are used to identify ions including lead, arsenic, zinc, copper, barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium, and others. The analysis involves dividing solutions into parts and observing results of additional confirmatory tests.

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trefs7138
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ANALYSIS OF ANIONS (ACID

RADICALS)
Gr. No Reagent
Anions Nature of Reaction
Gas evolved Confirmatory Test
dil. H,SO, CO Colourless odourless gas turns limne CO Limewater test N o milky
or dil. HCI water milky white
s Colourless rotten egg
smell gas turns H,S Lead acetate »Black ppt..
Lead acetate paper black Sodium nitroprusside
Violet/ purple
SO Colourss pungent smell gas turns
SO BaCl, soln. »White ppt
acidified K,Cr,0, paper green soluble in dil HCI
NO, Reddish brown fumes NO Griss Ilosvay test Red
dye (Sulphanilic acid +
1 - naphthylamine

CH CO0- Colourless gas with the smell of CHCOOH| Esterification test >Fruity
Vinegar smell
II Conc. H,SO. CI Colourless gas gives HCI Chromyl chloride test
dense white fumes with a glass rod Yellow ppt.
dipped in NH,OH

Br Reddish brown vapours HBr Globule test »Orange red


globule
Violet vapour HI Globule test»Violet
globule
C.O Colourless odourless gas turns lime CO andCaC1,White ppt.
water milky CO. Acidified KMnO, »Pink
colour disappers
NO, Reddish brown gas only on heating NO, Brown right test Brown
with copper ring at the junction of
solutions

No group SO BaCl, solution White ppt.


reagent not soluble in dil HCI

PO Ammonum molybdate +

conc. HNO, Canary


yellow ppt.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS (BASIC RADICALS)
Zero Group NH
) Salt + dil. Na)H heated -

P'ungent smell gas, turns red litmus paper blue

2)O.S. Nessler s reagent Brown precipitate


IGroup Ppt Pb
1)KI -Yellow ppt
OSdil HCI
2) K,CrO4- Yellow ppt
Il Group No ppt. P Cu
HS 1) KI-Yellow ppt. 1) NaOH Pale blue ppt.
-
As
2 ) K,CrO, - Yellow ppt.| 2) NH,OH - Deep blue solutionSTLonc. HMO, * Ammonium
OS+Conc. HINO, +Ammonium
3) K[Fe(CN),] -

Chocolate ppt molybdate Canary Yellow ppt.


-

IIl Group If no ppt IV Group Zn


OS NH.Cls I Part + HS 1) dil. NaOH -White ppt.
Ma
1) dil. NaOH - White ppt. turns
NH.OHs 2) K[Fe(CN)J White ppt.-

brown
3) HS gas-Dirty white ppt. 2)Permanganic acid test - Pink colour

If ppt. Co | Ni
1) NaOH White ppt. turm rose red
-

1) dil. NaOH Pale green ppt.


-

Divide the 2) NH,OH+ HS-Black ppt.


solution into
2) Alco. DMG Scarlet red ppt.
-

A three parts V Group


Ba
) dil. NaOH
Sr*
Ca
white gelatinous
Part II +(NH,),CO, 1) KCrO4- Yellow |1) (NH,),S0, -White ppt1) NHJC,O,- white
ppt PPt.
Ppt 2) Flame test
2) Litmus solution
-

Apple|2) Flame test Crimson 2 Flame test Brick|


green red
Blue floating ed
solid VI Group White ppt.
Part IIl+ NazHPO,
Mg

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