THE PHYSICAL SELF NATURE vs NURTURE

 The physical self refers to the body.  This theory was developed by the
 The body’s ability to perform of its functions psychologist, Francis Galton in
gradually changes through the years. 1869.
 In general, the body performs its functions
 This theory tries to describe the
least well during infancy and old age.
impact of genes and environment
 Physical development and growth during  Physical growth and development
childhood continues at a slow rate compared are the product of heredity and
with rapid rate of growth in babyhood. environment.
 Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty.  Heredity is the biological process of
 This stage is characterized by rapid physical transmission of traits from parents
changes that includes the maturation of to offspring.
reproductive system.  Environment refers to the factors to
 Everyone goes through a succession of which the individual is exposed
developmental stages. after conception to death which
 Life span is the development from conception includes learning and experiences.
to death.  Environmental factors such as diet,
nutrition, and diseases play an
important role in physical
Elizabeth B. Hurlock outlined the stages in the development.
lifespan:  The sex and other physical traits
are determined by the combination
1. Prenatal - fertilization to birth
of chromosomes and genes during
2. Infancy - birth to 2 weeks of life fertilization.
 Fertilization is the union of egg and
3. Babyhood - 2 weeks of life to 2nd year
sperm cell.
4. Early Childhood - 2 to 6  Chromosomes are thread like
tissues that carries the genes, and
5. Late Childhood - 6 to 10 or 12
are usually found in pairs.
6. Puberty - 10 or 12 to 14  There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes.
7. Adolescence - 14 to 18
 Chromosomes are classified as
8. Early Adulthood - 18 to 40 autosomes or trait chromosomes
(22 pairs) and gonosome or sex
9. Middle Adulthood - 40 to 60
chromosome.
10. Late Adulthood or senescence - 60 to death
 BODY IMAGE
 Refers to the way you see your
physical self, your body and the
thoughts and feelings that are
caused by the way you see it.
 “The way we internally and
externally talk about ourselves
Aspects of Body Image
based on how we see look the
reflection we see in the mirror”.
1. Perceptual Body Image
- The way you see your body is
 Ectomorph - A human physical type not always a correct
tending towards linearity or the representation of what you look
characteristic of being slim. like.
 Mesomorph - A human physical type that is 2. Affective Body Image
marked by greater than average muscular - Affect is related to the
development. experience of emotion or
 Endomorph - A human physical type tending feelings, and an affective body
towards roundness or people who has great image is how you feel about
deal of body fat. your body. The feelings that
give you either satisfaction or
dissatisfaction about your
weight, shape, or other various
aesthetics.

3. Cognitive Body Image

- Tends to seem more logical on
how we think about our body
4. Behavioral Body Image
- The real-life behavior that we
employ which was motivated by
different external and internal
factors.
  They may control calorie intake by
vomiting after eating or by misusing
laxatives, diet aids.

Negative Effects of Physical Signs of Bulimia Nervosa

Appearance on Health
1. Constantly worrying or complaining
about being fat.
Anorexia Nervosa
2. Unusually eating large amount of
 An eating disorder characterized by food in one sitting
an abnormally low body weight or
3. Not wanting to eat in public
has excessive fear of gaining
weight. 4. Going to the bathroom right after
eating or during meals
 They may control calorie intake by
vomiting after eating or by misusing 5. Facial and cheek swelling from
laxatives, diet aids and even enlarged glands
exercising excessively.
6. Having damaged teeth and gums

Signs of Anorexia Nervosa

 Inner Beauty - refers to the
1. Inability to maintain weight personality of a person including
his/her mind and character.
2. Fatigue
 External Beauty - refers to the
3. insomnia
looks of a person and it can easily
4. Skin that is yellow or blotchy be faked and changed through
make-up, dressing, surgery etc.
5. Hair thinning or falling out
 Body Adornment - refers to the
6. Constipation
practice of physically enhancing the
7. More than 3 cycles without period body by styling and decorating the
hair, painting and embellishing the
8. Dry skin
fingernails, wearing make-up,
9. Low blood pressure painting the body, wearing jewelry
and through fashion.

Bulimia Nervosa
 Body Modification - It
 An eating disorder that causes you
means, to deliberately alter
to eat large amount of food at one
one’s physical appearance.
time (binge) and then get rid of it
It can be small or huge like
(purge) trying to get rid of the
tattooing, piercing and
excessive calorie.
stretched neck. It could also
be temporary or permanent.
 But this is also culturally 1. Less sure of their abilities and may
specific. doubt their decision-making
process.
2. They may not feel motivated to try
novel things because they don’t
believe they can reach their goal.
3. May have issues with their
relationships and expressing with
Importance of Self-Esteem their needs.
4. Those with low level of confidence
Self-Esteem - is your subjective sense
and feel unlovable and unworthy.
of overall personal worth or value. Like
self-respect, it describes your level of ………………………………………………...
confidence in your abilities and
attributes.

Why Self-Esteem is Important?

- Self-esteem impacts your decision-
making process, your relationships,
your emotional health, and your
overall well-being. It also
influences motivation, as people
with a healthy, positive view of
themselves understand their
potential and may feel inspired to
take on new challenges.

Four key characteristics of healthy self-

esteem are:
1. A firm understanding of one's skills
2. The ability to maintain healthy
relationships with others because of
having a healthy relationship with
oneself
3. Realistic and appropriate personal
expectations
4. An understanding of one's needs
and the ability to express those
needs

Signs of people with low self-esteem:

  Estrogen promotes female
reproductive capacity and
secondary sex characteristics.

 The production of female sex

THE SEXUAL SELF
hormones follows a cyclical pattern,
DEVELOPMENT OF SEX on an approximately 28-day
CHARACTERISTICS AND THE HUMAN monthly cycle.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 The greatest production occurs
 The beginning of adolescence is
during ovulation period when an
marked by rapid physical changes,
egg is released from the ovaries.
including the maturation of the
reproductive system and
 The two ovaries produce, store,
development of the primary and
and release egg cells during
secondary sex characteristics.
ovulation.

 The primary sex characteristics are

 Ovulation period can occur 14 days
physical characteristics that are
after the beginning of the menstrual
present at birth.
period.
 For women, the earliest evidences
 The reproductive system is a
of puberty are the enlargement of
system of sex organs designed for
the breasts, menstrual cycle,
reproduction or sexual function.
widening of hips, enlargement of
buttocks, and growth of pubic hair.
 The female reproductive system
comprises the two ovaries, the
 Testicular growth, sperm
fallopian tubes, the uterus, the
production, appearance of facial,
vagina, and the clitoris.
pubic, and other body hair, and
deepening of voice are some of the
first signs of puberty in men. SEXUAL AROUSAL AND EROGENOUS
ZONES: WHAT TURNS PEOPLE ON
 During puberty, testosterone and
other androgens stimulate the
development of primary and • Human sexual arousal may be produced
secondary sex characteristics and by direct stimulation of the body's
also increase sex drive. erogenous zones.

 The level of testosterone production

is fairly constant. • According to Freud, erogenous zones
are areas of the body that provide
 In women, the ovaries produce pleasure.
estrogen and progesterone as well
as small amount of testosterone.
• Erogenous zones include the genitals, • Women are viewed as a possession of
mouth, breast, ears, anus, and to a lesser men.
degree, the entire surface of the body.
• Women were forbidden to own property
and had no rights.

• One of the most basic sexual CONTEMPORARY ERA

stimulations is masturbation or self-
 able to share equally in the
stimulation that causes sexual pleasure or
distribution of power and influence;
orgasm.
• Other sexual activities such as intimate
kissing, cuddling, necking, petting, or  have equal opportunities for
touching the erogenous zones may be financial independence;
uniquely important to sexual arousal.
• In many species, sexual arousal is
closely tied to variations in hormonal  enjoy equal access to education;
levels; in humans, however, hormones
play less of a role.
 share responsibility for the home
In one sense, the brain is where sexual and children and are completely
desire originates and where sexual free from coercion, intimidation and
behavior is controlled. gender-based violence both at work
• Cognitive factors thus play an important and at home.
role in sexual arousal in humans.
• Culture also influences the expression of GENDER IDENTITY - a person's
sexual desire. identification of their gender.
1. Transgender - identifies differently from
SEX VS GENDER sex assigned at birth

- Sex refers to a set of biological attributes 2. Gender Fluid - An identify that varies
in humans It is primarily associated with overtime (male, female, or any other non-
physical physiological features. and binary identity)

—Male and female 3. CISGENDER - Identifies as the sex

assigned at birth (male or female)

- Gender refers constructed to the socially

roles, behaviors, expressions and SEXUAL ORIENTATION - Who a person
identities of men and women and diverse is physically, emotionally, and/or sexually
people. not confined to a binary nor is it attracted to
static. 1. Heterosexual - attracted to opposite sex
2. Homosexual - attracted to same sex
Ancient Times 3. Bisexual - attracted to both male and
• Men are mighty and honorable female
4. Pansexual - attracted to all genders Genderqueer - a person who does not
identify or express their gender within the
5. Asexual - not sexually attracted to
gender binary.
anyone

GENDER EXPRESSION - how a person

presents their gender (clothing, actions, Types of Behavior
demeanor, etc. )
Solitary Behavior - A behavior involving
only one individual. Self- gratification
means self-stimulation that leads to sexual
1. Feminine - expresses the qualities and
arousal and generally, sexual climax
characteristics of woman

Sociosexual Behavior - Involving more

2. Masculine - expresses the qualities and
than one person.
characteristics of man
- Usually begins in childhood and may be
motivated by curiosity, such as showing or
3. Gender Neutral - neither masc nor fem examining genitalia.
qualities
-May also involves physical contact

4. Androgynous - expresses both masc

and fem qualities
Physiology of Human Sexual Response

BIOLOGICAL SEX- sex assigned to a

person at birth Excitement Phase - This is also called as
"Desire Phase" wherein sexual fantasies
1. Female
trigger sexual urges.
2. Male
Arousal - Stimulation of sexual pleasure
3. Intersex- born with atypical reproductive and physiological signs this may include;
anatomy

1. Penile Tumescence - increase flow of

Other Gender Classification blood into the penis
2. Female release lubrication
(Vasocongestion) and nipples erect
Gay - used in some cultural settings to
(Breast Tumescence) during this stage
represent men who are attracted to men in
a romantic, erotic and/or emotional sense.
Lesbian - usually refers to a woman who Plateau Phase - It is generally a brief
has a romantic and/or sexual orientation duration. If stimulation is continued,
toward women. Some nonbinary people orgasm usually.
also identify with this term.
Sexual Climax - Marked by a feeling of
abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid increase
Oral Contraceptives - Also known as the
inpulse rate and blood pressure, and
pill, oral contraceptives contain synthetic
spasms of the pelvic muscles causing
estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen
contractions of the female reproductive
suppresses Follicle Stimulating Hormone
organ and ejaculation by the male.
(FSH) and LH to prevent ovulation.

- Also characterized by involuntary

Subdermal Implants - Are two rod-like
vocalizations.
implants inserted under the skin of the
female during her menses or in the 7th
day of her menstruation to make sure that
Resolution Phase - The last stage that
she will not get pregnant.
refers to the return to a normal or
subnormal physiologic state. - Can be helpful for 3 to 5 years.
• Males return to normal even if stimulation
continues.
Vaginal Ring - Releases a combination of
• Females are physically capable of estrogen and progesterone and it
repeated orgasms without the intervening surrounds the cervix. This is inserted into
"rest period" required by males. the female reproductive organ and
remains there for 3 weeks.

Refractory Period - A recovery time to be

sexually ready again. Intrauterine Device - Is a small, T-shaped
object containing progesterone that is
inserted into the uterus via the female
reproductive organ. It prevents fertilization
by creating a local sterile inflammatory
Natural Method of Contraception
condition to prevent implantation of the
zygote.

Abstinence - A natural method involves

refraining from sexual intercourse and is
Male Condoms - A latex or synthetic
the most effective natural birth control
rubber sheath that is placed on the erect
method with ideally 0% fail rate.
male reproductive organ before
penetration into the female reproductive
organ to trap sperm.
Calendar Method - Also called as the
rhythm method. It entails withholding from
coitus during the days that the woman is
Female Condoms - Made up of latex
fertile.
rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated with
- Woman is likely to conceive 3 or 4 days spermicide. They are usually bound two
before and after the ovulation. rings. The outer ring is first inserted
against the opening of the female
reproductive organ and the inner ring
Artificial Method of Contraception covers the cervix.