PERSONAL

COMMUNICATION & NON

PERSONAL
COMMUNICATION.




The Major Communication Settings

The settings Of Communication are classified into two

categories.
 Personal Communication.
• Intra personal communication.
• Interpersonal Communication
 Dyad and Small Group communication.
• Extra- personal communication.

 Non Personal Communication

• Machine-assisted interpersonal communication.
• Pubic Communication.
• Mass Communication.
Personal Communication.

Communication that occurs for exchanging personal

information, ideas and feelings rather than business related
information are termed as personal communication.
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION.


The intrapersonal communication occurs when an individual
sends and receives message internally. Intrapersonal
Communication Is communication “within one”. We end most
of our time thinking and our thought process is nothing but
intrapersonal communication where one person is sending
messages and the same person receives them.

FOR EXAMPLE:
• Communication at this level could be you reading your
class notes,
• Talking to yourself and some people would say, simply
thinking.
• Our silence in response also communicates.
Intra-personal Communication is the kind of communication
that occurs within us. It involves thoughts, feelings, and the
way we look at ourselves. Because intra-personal
communication is centered in the self, you are the only sender-
receiver.

The message is made up of your thoughts and feelings. The

channel is your brain, which processes what you are thinking
and feeling. There is feedback in the sense that you talk to
yourself, or discard certain ideas and replace them with others.

Even though you are not directly communicating with others in

intra-personal communication, the people and the experiences
you have had determine how you “talk” to yourself.
FOR EXAMPLE:
if you had a good day, you are likely to look at your-self in a
positive way. If a teacher was disappointed with your work,
or if you had a fight with a fellow student, you are likely to
focus
more on your depression or anger. You can never look at
yourself without being influenced by the relationships you
have with others.
PROCESS OF INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION.
• Source: Self; Single person.
• Encoding: Single stage (directly from one to another
person).
• Message: Anything; but most often topics of a personal
nature.
• Channel: No machines interposed; Speech, Writing.
• Decoding: Single stage (directly from one to another).
• Receiver: Self; Single person.
• Feedback: This types of communication itself a feedback
process.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION.
The most common situation is interpersonal
communication. In Interpersonal communication in which
one person (or group) is interacting with another person (or
group) without the aid of a mechanical device.

Interpersonal communication occurs when we

communicate on a one-to-one basis— usually in an informal,
unstructured setting. This kind of communication occurs
mostly between two people, though it may include more
than two. Interpersonal communication uses all the
elements of the communication process.
In a conversation between friends, for example, each brings his
or her back ground and experience to the conversation. Outing
the conversation each functions as a sender - receiver. Their
message consists of both verbal and non-verbal symbols.

The channels they use the most are sight and sound. Because
interpersonal communication is between two (or a few) people,
it offers the greatest opportunity for feedback. Psychological
noise is likely to be minimal because each person can see
whether the other is distracted. The persons involved in the
conversation have many chances to check that the message is
being perceived correctly. Interpersonal communication
usually takes place in informal and comfortable settings.

Talking to your roommate, participating in a class discussion

are all examples of interpersonal communication.
PROCESS OF INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION.
• Source: Single person; has knowledge of receiver.
• Encoding: Single stage (directly from one to another)
• Message: Private or public; hard to terminate; altered to fit
receiver.
• Channel: no machines interposed.
• Decoding: single stage (from one to another).
• Receiver: One or a relatively small number, in physical
presence of each other, selected by source.
• Feedback: Plentiful; immediate.
WHAT IS DYADIC COMMUNICATION?
Dyadic communication is an interaction that involves only
two people. Here, a person shares his thoughts with
another. There are two forms of dyadic communication as
formal and informal. Job interviews, counselling,
confessions, etc. are some examples of formal dyadic
communications. These usually occur when the two
participants are not an equal position. Informal dyadic
communications, on the other hand, include talking with
friends or family members.
FOR EXAMPLE:
The conversation is the most common form of dyadic
communication. Here, the two participants take turns in
acting as the speaker and listener. Therefore, this is a back-
and-forth discussion. This type of communication also
include gestures, body language, facial expressions, etc.
Note that two-participant interactions that occur over the
telephone, video chat, etc. are also forms of dyadic
communication.
WHAT IS GROUP COMMUNICATION.

Group Communication is an extension of interpersonal

communication where more than two individuals are
involved in exchange of ideas, skills and interests.

Group communication is a form of communication that

involves more than two people. It is also known as small
group communication, especially if the communication
involves a lesser number of people (around 3 -20). While
the minimum number of people in group communication is
three, there is no exact maximum number of members; the
group size actually depends on the purpose of the group.
Moreover, group communication usually focuses on some
kind of goal accomplishment or task completion.
FOR EXAMPLE:
Communication in a group of students engaged in a
math assignment, a marketing team working on a new
product launch, a campaign team for a politician, a group
of researchers in a laboratory, etc.

Several factors, including the characteristics or

personalities of members of the group, group task,
resources available, and group size, can affect the
structure of the group. For example, a person who knows
more information about the task or subject may come
forward to take leadership of the group. Different
members may also take on different roles according to
their personalities, knowledge and experience.
Furthermore, the size and structure of the group may
also affect communication within the group. For instance,
a large group may face issues in coordination and
corporation. Since group members share a common
purpose and a common fate, there is interdependence
A Groups have been classified as small groups and large
groups.

A small group comprises of three to seven members. Small

groups are informal and less structured.
Small - group communication occurs when a small number of
people meet to solve a problem. The group must be small
enough so that each member in the group has a chance to
interact with all of the other members. Because small groups
are made up of several senders-receivers, the communication
process is more complicated than in interpersonal
communication. With so many more people sending messages,
there are more chances for confusion. Messages are also more
structured in small groups use the same channels as
interpersonal communication, however, and there is also a good
deal of opportunity for feedback. In view of their problem -
solving nature, small groups usually meet in a more formal
setting than people involved in interpersonal communication.
Larger groups adopt formal rules to maintain order. There
is more chance for individual participation in small groups.
Also small groups are easy to manage and are more
efficient in accomplishing tasks and making decisions.
Most researchers define a small group as having at least
three and no more than twelve or fifteen members the
outcome sharply.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DYADIC AND
GROUP COMMUNICATION
DYADIC COMMUNICATION GROUP COMMUNICATION

 Dyadic communication is  A group communication is

an interaction that takes an interaction that takes
place between two people. place between three or
more people.
 Dyadic communication
 Group communication
always involves two
can involve a large
people. number of people
 The purpose of dyadic  The purpose of group
communication can be communication is task
idea sharing or complement or goal
relationship building. achievement.
 DYADIC COMMUNICATION GROUP COMMUNICATION

 In dyadic communication,  In group communication,

the two participants take
turns playing the roles of different members of the
listener and speaker. group may take on
different roles in addition
to being speakers and
listeners.
 For Example:
Two friends chatting, a  Interactions happening in
meeting between boss and a board meeting, a study
employee, an individual group, a library committee,
counselling session,
conversation between a a marketing team of a
mother and daughter, etc. company, etc. are some
are some examples of examples of group
dyadic communication.
communication.
CONCLUSION

Dyadic communication and group communication are the

two major forms of communication. The main difference
between dyadic and group communication is that dyadic
communications take place between two people, but group
communications take place between three or more people.
EXTRA PERSONAL COMMUNICATION:


Extra Personal Communication is that way of
communication in which a human interacts with other
species. Communication between human beings and non-
human entities is called as extra personal communication.

Types of Extra personal Communications:

• Communication with animals.

• Communication with plants.
• Communication with machines/robots.
COMMUNICATION WITH ANIMALS.
In everyday life, we communicate with animals, we train
them and they react according to our instructions and
commands.
FOR EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE
house dogs, horses, cats, and monkeys, etc.
COMMUNICATION WITH PLANTS.
In everyday life, sometimes we find some persons, who
have the habit of talking with plants. Certain plants react to
our touch.
FOR EXAMPLE:
the touch-me-not plant (mimosa pudica).
HUMAN-ROBOT COMMUNICATION.
Due to the technical progress, there is a new type of
communication - human-robot communication. Modern
technology has replaced many humans; robots are doing
the jobs which used to be done by humans.
Extra personal communication is inevitable and in some
cases, an indispensable type of communication by which
humans can meet their needs. Of course, extra personal
cannot fully satisfy our need in conversation. Usually, we
do not have satisfying feedback from this kind of
communication. However, such kind of communication
may help us in some life cases.
FOR EXAMPLE:
we can ask the dog to bring something for us, or we can
receive the information that we need from some kind of
Robots. Thus, this type of communication can be relatively
useful.
NONPERSONAL COMMUNICATION.

Is a communication in
which we are unaware
of reciever
 MACHINE-ASSISTED INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION


Machine-assisted interpersonal communication (or technology-
assisted communication) involves one or more people
communicating by means of a mechanical device or( devices)
with one or more receivers. It combines characteristics of
interpersonal and mass communication situations and blurs
the line between the two types of communication, especially
when involving the Internet and World Wide Web. Machines can
give communication permanence and/or extend its range. The
source and receiver can be separated by time and space. The
machine can give a message permanence by storing it on pape
r ,disk, or some other material. For example a letter can be read
reread several years after it was written and communicate anew.
A great deal of modern communication falls into this category.
Characteristics of machine-assisted interpersonal
communication include;

• Source may be an individual or group; may or may not be

easy to identify.
• Source may or may not have first-hand knowledge of the
receiver.
• The encoding process can be simple or complex, but
always involves at least two distinct stages.
PROCESS OF MACHINE-ASSISTED
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION.
COMMUNICATION
• Source translates his/her thoughts into words or other
symbols.

• Encoding one or more machines encode the message for

transmission or storage. Encoding in this setting can be
complicated or simple, but here must be at least two
distinct stages. The first occurs when the source
translates his or her thoughts into words or symbols. The
second occurs when one or more machines encode the
message for transmission or storage.

• Channel options are more restricted than in interpersonal

communication settings. for instance relies on sight: a
phone call uses electrical energy and sound waves.
• Message customizability varies; messages can be private
or public and relatively cheap to produce, messages are
relatively inexpensive to send.

• Decoding requires one or more stages depending upon

the encoding process, similar to encoding process.

• Receiver may be an individual or group; may be in sight of

the source or out of view, receivers can be selected by the
source for a message ( for example as with a Skype call)
or they can self-select into the audience (as when taking a
pamphlet from somebody on the street).
• Feedback can be immediate or delayed; may be difficult
or limited to one channel.

• Noise can be semantic, environmental, or mechanical.

Use of mechanical-assisted interpersonal communication

will become more important and the differences between
machine-assisted communication and mass
communication will continue to blur.
Merits and demerits of machine-assisted
communication.
• In case of a defect in the machine there will be
disturbance and noise.
• The machine has to be purchased.
• Feedback may not be immediate depending on the
availability of the receiver.
• Machine-assisted communication depends on energy
sources like electricity, light, sound, paper, etc.
If there is scarcity there cannot be machine assisted,
interpersonal communication.
MASS COMMUNICATION.


The third major communication setting is Mass
Communication the one that we will be most interested in
Mass Communication refers to the process by which a
complex organization with the aid of one or more
machines produces and transmits public messages that
are directed at large, heterogeneous and scattered
audiences. The media through which messages are being
transmitted include radio, TV, newspaper, magazines ,films ,
records, tape recorders, video cassette recorders etc and
require large organizations and electronic devices to put
across the message.
PROCESS OF MASS COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION.
• Source: Organizations; little knowledge of receiver.
• Encoding: Multiple stage (message has to pass through
gate keeping process).
• Message: Public; easily terminated; same message to
everybody.
• Channel: Usually more than one machine interposed.
• Decoding: Multistage.
• Receiver: Large numbers; out of physical presence of
source; self selected.
• Feedback: Highly limited; delayed.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION.
What is the meaning of public communication?
Public communications happens when individuals and
groups engage in dialogue in the public sphere in order to
deliver a message to a specific audience. Public speaking
events, news editorials and billboard advertisements are a
few forms of public communication.
The Three General Categories.
In Public Communication The speeches you deliver fall into
three general categories: to inform, to persuade, and to
entertain.

Sometimes you may want to share information and create a

clear understanding with an audience.
Other times you may want your audience to change their
attitude and/or follow a different course of action
In public communication the sender-receiver (the speaker)
sends a message (the speech) to an audience. The speaker
usually delivers a highly structured message, using the same
channels as in interpersonal and small-group communication.
In public communication, however, the channels are more
exaggerated than in interpersonal communication. The voice
is louder and the gestures are more expansive because the
audience is bigger. The speaker might also use additional
visual channels such as slides, flip charts, and so on.
Generally, the opportunity for verbal feedback in public
communication is limited. The audience members may have
a chance to ask questions at the end of the speech, but
usually they are not free to address the speaker as he or she
is talking. However, they can send nonverbal feedback. If
they like what the speaker is saying, they may interrupt the
speech with applause. If they like what the speaker is saying,
they may interrupt the speech with applause. If they dislike it,
they may move around a lot of simply stop paying attention.
In most public communication the setting is formal.
TYPES OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
SPEAKING.
• Speaking to entertain·
• To engage, interest, amuse listeners·
• May include information about occasion·
• Humor and offense·
• Narrative speaking (story-telling).

• Speaking to inform.
• To increase listeners' understanding, awareness ·
• May take form of demonstration.

• Speaking to persuade·
• To change attitudes, beliefs, behaviors