Unit 6 LITERATURE AND POETRY

Vocabulary:
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.
Column A Column B Answers
a. Splendour 1. The stage of human development 2
and organization that is considered
most advanced
b. Contentment 2. Magnificent features or qualities 4
c. Civilization 3. The complete loss or absence of 1
hope
d. Awakens 4. A state of happiness or satisfaction 6
e. Despair 5. One to whom secrets are entrusted 3
f. confidants 6. Rouse from sleep 5

Comprehension questions:
a. Who is Allama Muhammad Iqbal? Describe his life and works.
Ans: Muhammad Iqbal, also known as Allama Iqbal, is the
National Poet of Pakistan. A poet, philosopher, politician,
lawyer, and scholar, Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in
Punjab, Pakistan, to Kashmiri parents and educated at Scotch
Mission college in Sialkot. He received BA in philosophy, English
literature, and Arabic at Government college university where
he was awarded the Khan Bhadurddin F.S. Jalaluddin medal. In
1905, Iqbal worked closely with Sir Thomas Arnold while
studying philosophy at Trinity College Cambridge in England.
Iqbal is widely known as one of the most important figures in
Urdu and Persian literature, having numerous volumes of
poetry in both languages. After returning to Lahore in 1908,
Iqbal taught philosophy and English literature while practicing
law. His first book Asrar-i-Khudi (The Secrets of the Self),was
published in 1915, followed by Ramuz-e-Bekhudi (The
Mysteries of Selflessness) in 1918-both of which are regarded
as the base for his poetic philosophy. He continued to write and
publish volumes of poetry up till his death on Aril 21, 1938.
b. What is the message of the poem to the youth?
Ans: In his poem”To a Young Man”, Allama Iqbal urged the
youth to develop a strong sense of self and to be fearless in
pursuing their dreams. He tells them to be brave and contended
with their life. He instructed the youth to be optimistic and
explore the world beyond the imagination. In addition, he also
conveyed the message to have self-confidence and courage to
overcome obstacles and strive for excellence.
c. To whom is the poem about?
Ans: The poem addressed to the youth. The youth today is not
on the right path. They have strayed from the path of Islam. So
Allama Iqbal gave them the message of hope and courage to
excel in the world.
d. What do you think are his reasons for writing such a poem?
Ans: The reason for writing such a poem is to make the youth
realize the true purpose of their life. It also give them an outline
to follow some traits to make their personality an ideal one.
e. In this poem the youth is compared to an eagle. What values,
characteristics and habits do you think we can learn from an
eagle? Explain your answer?
Ans: In Allama Iqbal’s poetry, the eagle is often used as a
symbol of strength, power, and courage. The eagle is portrayed
as a fearless bird that soars high above the mountain, unafraid
of any challenge. Iqbal often uses the eagle to symbolize the
spirit of the Muslim people, encouraging them to rise above
adversity and strive for greatness. The eagle in Iqbal’s poetry
also represents freedom, as it is able to fly wherever it choses
without any restrictions. Overall, the eagle in Allama Iqbal’s
poetry represents the qualities of bravery, determination and
independence.
Use of Language:
1. Write your own hyperbole. Replace the word in the
parentheses with a hyperbole that exaggeratyes the intended
meaning.
a. My cupboard is (messy) My cupboard is (a disaster zone).
b. My neighbour is (nice) My neighbour is (the kindest person
on the planet).
c. The moon is (bright) The moon is (blindingly radiant)
d. The train is slow The train is moving at a snail’s pace).
 e. The classroom is (hot) The classroom is (like a sauna).
2. Add hyperbolic language to complete each sentence. The first
one is done for you.
a. I am thirsty. I am dying of thirst.
b. The suitcase is so heavy My suitcase weighs a tone
c. I am so hungry I am dying of starvation.
d. This car ride is so long. This car ride is million miles long
e. The dog is cute. That dog is the cutest dog I have
ever seen.
f. My project is so hard My project is so hard that I feel
like I am trying to climb Mount
Everest with no gear.
g. The blanket is thin. The blanket is so thin that it is like
a layer of paper.

Writing:
Suppose you are given a chance to write a letter to Allama
Muhammad Iqbal in response to his poetry. What would your
message be? Write a draft of the letter on the lines below.
Ans:
Examination Hall,
City ABC
March23, 2024
Respected Sir,
I am writing to you today to express my deep appreciation for
your poetry and the profound impact it has had on my life.
Your poetry has inspired me to think critically about the world
around me and strive for excellence in all that I do. The
messages of courage, determination, and self-confidence that
you convey through your verses have given me the strength to
overcome obstacles and pursue my goals with passion and
dedication.
Your inspirational poetry for youth, particularly those of the
eagle and the nightingale, has left a lasting impression on me.
They have helped me to understand the importance of
resilience, courage and the pursuit of knowledge in achieving
success and making a positive difference in the world.
I am grateful for the wisdom and inspiration that your poetry
has imparted to me, and I hope to carry these lessons with me
throughout my life. Thank you for your immense contribution to
literature and society, and for inspiring countless generations
with your words.
With utmost respect and admiration.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Vocabulary:
1. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column
B.
Column A Column B Answers
a. Wager 1. Showing great attention to detail 3
B. Ruse 2. A document issued authorizing the 6
police to make an arrest
c. Stagger 3. An act of betting a sum of money 8
d. meticulous 4. An invasion or attack 1
e. dilapidated 5. Not worried 7
f. Unperturbed 6. A trick 5
g. incursion 7. State of disrepair or ruin 4
h. warrant 8. An unsteady walk or movement 2

2. Complete the statement below:

a. Mr. Fogg bets his fellow members at the Reform Club that he
will make that journey in eighty days.
b. Mr. Fogg decides that they must rescue the young widow.
c. Leaving that night, Fogg and a confused Passepart out
board a train bound for Dover and Calais to begin their journey.
d. As soon as they arrive in Liverpool, Mr. Fix arrests Fogg.
e. When a storm prevents the use of sails, the coal supply runs
low.
f. However, the engineers believe that it might be possible to
safely cross the bridge by going to top speed.
g. Fogg purchases an elephant and hires a Parsi man as
elephant driver and guide.
 h. Passepartout arrives in Yokohama with no money and no idea
where Mr. Fogg is.
3. Make new words from the given words by adding the endings
given in the brackets and use it in sentence. Make necessary
changes in spelling if needed. The first one is done for you.
Tranquil Tranquility The noise broke the tranquility of the afternoon
Responsible Responsibility He does not take responsibility of his work.
Respectful Respectfully He greeted his teacher respectfully.
Empty Emptily She stood staring emptily into space.
Confuse Confused He has a confused personality.
Theoretical Theoretically Theoretically it was possible to travel around
the world in eighty days.
Sudden Suddenly Suddenly he was attacked by the a lion while
travelling in the jungle.
Arrive Arrival The arrival of the plane is late.
Eager Eagerly The swimmer jumped into the lake eagerly.
Warrant Warranty The television comes with full two years
warranty.

Comprehension Questions
1. What makes Mr. Phileas Fogg a meticulous man? Cite some
examples from the story to support your answer.
Ans: There are many instances in the story which explain that
Fogg is meticulous man. For example, the bet itself shows that
he was a complex character. In addition he loved to take on
adventures. One example is the way he rescued the young
widow in India from being burnt alive.
2. Why did Mr. Fogg make the bet? Why did the other members
of the Reform Club agree to the bet?
Ans: Mr. Fogg makes bet because he is an unusual man and
loves to take strange challenges. The other members of the
Reform Club agreed to the bet because they thought Fogg
would not be able to complete his journey and as a result they
would get a chance to win a huge sum of money.
3. How did Phileas Fogg finally win the bet?
Ans: At the end of his long and eventful journey, he reached
Liverpool. Although he was told that he was few hours late to
win his bet. But later, Passepartout learnt that their journey
through bthe time zones had gained them a day and that they
are not late after all. Fogg rushed to the Reform Club to claim
his bet.
4. How did they rescue Aouda from the Suttee?
Ans: To rescue the young widow, Aouda, Passepartout disguised
himself as the body of the late rajah, the husband of Aoudaand
as soon as the pyre was lit, he sprang up and seized the widow.
5. Describe the importance of the following places in the
development of the plot and the behaviours of the characters?
a. Hong Kong b. Yokohama c. India d. London e. New York city
Ans:
a. Hong Kong: Fogg went to Hong Kong from India along with
the young widow Aouda, here Mr. Fix drugs Passpepartout and
joins the company of Fogg.
b. Yokohama: From Hong Kong, Fogg reaches Yokohama in the
company of Fix and Auoda. Passepartout also reaches in
another steamer.
c. India: The story starts with the news that a railroad in India
has made it possible to travel around the world in eighty days.
Later, Fogg arrives India where he meets many adventures.
d. London: After completing his journey, he reached London
where he won his bet.
e. New York city: From Yokohama, they boarded a train that was
going to the New York city.
6. What were some of the mishaps that happened during their
trip? Explain the thrilling climax of the novel?
Ans: Some mishaps that happened during their trip are:
Fogg was accused of robbing a bank
Mr. Fix drugged Passepartout to preventing him to return to
Fogg.
In Nebraska the train was attacked by the bandits.
The climax of the story occurs at the end of Fogg’s journey. He
has waged a bet that he can make it around the entire world in
80 days, and he is so close to making it back to London in time.
7. What is the central idea of the story?
Ans: The central idea of “Around the world in eighty days” is
human desire for adventure, exploration and the pursuit of new
experiences. The story follows the wealthy and highly precise
Phileas Fogg, who takes on a bet to travel around the world in
eighty days or less.
As Fogg and his companions journey across the globe, they
encounter a series of obstacles and mishaps that threaten to
derail their mission, but they persevere through determination,
wit and quick thinking. Through his journey, Fogg learns to rely
on the people around him, and his strict adherence to routine
and order is challenged by the unpredictability of the world.
5. Complete the table by highlighting the various traits of the
main characters in the story?
Phileas Fogg Jean Passepartout Aouda Mr. Fix
A meticulous A Frenchman who A young A detective
man who has had a variety of widow who follows
loves to take jobs, including Fogg to arrest
adventure circus performer. him
Sequence of events
Work with your classmate and list down the events in the story.
Then sequence the events using the flow chart below.
Fogg makes a bet to Fogg and his valet Fogg meets Aouda in
travel around the Passepartout, board
Fogg meets Mr. India and depats After many
world in 80 days. a train bound for Fix in Egypt Hong Kong and from adventures
Dover and Calais to there heads towards Fogg reaches
begin their journey San Franscisco and London and
New York city wins his bet
Use of Language:
1. Join and rewrite the following sentences with appropriate
conjunctions:
a. In Nebraska the train was attacked by the bandits. Mr. Fogg
rides to their rescue with a group of soldiers.
Ans In Nebraska the train was attacked by the bandits so Mr.
Fogg rides to their rescue with a group of soldiers.
b. Someone resembling him had robbed a bank. Fogg’s sudden
exit leads Scotland Yard to believe that he was the bank robber.
Ans: Someone resembling him had robbed a bank therefore
Fogg’s sudden exit leads Scotland Yard to believe that he was
the bank robber.
c. Fogg purchases an elephant. He hires a parsi man as elephant
driver and guide.
Ans: Fogg purchases an elephant and he hires a parsi man as
elephant driver and guide.
d. Jean Passepartout is a Frenchman who has had a variety of
jobs, including circus performer. Now, he seeks a tranquil life.
Ans: Jean Passepartout is a Frenchman who has had a variety of
jobs, including circus performer but now, he seeks a tranquil
life.
e. Fix befriends Passportout after learning that they will take
the steamer to Bombay. He buys a ticket to join them.
Ans: Fix befriends Passportout after learning that they will take
the steamer to Bombay so he buys a ticket to join them.
Writing:
Write a note on any of the following topics:
Q: What brings you joy? Describe a place where you felt
happiest?
Ans: Being with my family members and creating memories is
the happiest time for me. I enjoy being with my friends and
family members. When I visited Neelum Valley in Kashmir in the
last summer I felt happiest!
Q: Where is one place that you had like to visit and how do you
imagine your time there?
Ans: Visiting natural beauty bring joy to me. I would like to visit
the valley of Kashmir. It is said that Kashmir is the heaven on
the earth. Therefore I would like to explore the beauty of the
heaven on the earth.
Q: What was your greatest fear and how do you conquer it?
Ans: My greatest fear is that I would not be able to realize my
full potential. I have so many ideas, so many things I had like to
achieve, in both personal and professional life. But life is short
and things are not going exactly according to the plan so far. But
I make myself realize that everything is not achieved in life.
Those, whom we think the most successful, they remain
dissatisfied with their life. Therefore one should do his best and
live happily.
Q: What is something that you would like to change about
yourself? How can you change it?
Ans: Everyone in his life has some good and bad habits. I have a
habit of doing things at a last moment. It is not always good.
Therefore I would like to change this habit of mine and start
doing things before time.
Q: If you are granted a wish, what would you wish for and why?
Ans: From my childhood, I had a desire in my heart to see
Pakistan a developed country. If I am granted a wish I would
wish for making Pakistan a developed country.
Q: If you are a superhero, what super power would you like to
have and how would you use it?
Ans: If I were a superhero, I would like to have the power of
helping the poor and the needy. I would provide them what
they need and take them out of the troubles.
Vocabulary:
1. Here are some words from the passage. Find the correct
meaning of the underlined words.
a. I am that enemy of yours who swore to revenge himself on
you.
Meaning: The action of hurting someone in return of injury.
b. So I came out from my ambush to find you.
Meaning: Make a surprise attack on from a concealed position.
c. The hermit lived in a wood which he never quitted and he
received none but common folk.
Meaning: Leave
d. You would have repented of not having stayed with me.
Meaning: Feel sincere regret
e. Who was the strange neared man lying on the bed and gazing
intently at him with shinning eyes?
Meaning: Look steadily, especially in admiration.
Comprehension Questions:
2. Answer these Questions:
a. What is the central idea of the story?
Ans: The Central idea of Leo Tolstoy’s “Three Questions” is that
the that the most important things in life are to live in the
present moment, be kind and compassionate to others, and
strive to good deeds without seeking recognition or reward.
b. What were the three questions asked by the king?
Ans: When is the best time to do each thing?
Who are the most important people to work with?
What is the most important thing to do at all time?
c. Who is the most important person according to the Hermit?
Ans: According to the Hermit, the most important person is he
with whom you are for no man knows whether he will ever
have dealings with anyone else.
d. How did the king and the Hermit help the wounded man?
Ans: The king and the hermit unfastened the man’s clothing.
The king washed it as best he could, and bandaged it with his
handkerchief and with a towel the hermit had. The blood would
not stop flowing. So the king repeatedly removed the bandage
soaked with warm blood and washed and re-bandaged the
wound. At the end, the king brought him fresh water.
e. Why did the king go to the wise Hermit?
Ans: The Hermit was famous for his wisdom. The king went to
the Hermit to find the answers to his three questions.
f. Why did the king want to know answers to the three
questions?
Ans: The king wanted to know answers to the three questions
because he thought that if a man knew the answers tio these
questions he would never fail in his life.
g. What were the Hermit’s answers to the three questions?
Ans: There is only one time that is important the present time.
The most necessary man is he with whom you are for no man
knows whether he will ever have dealings with anyone else and
 the most important affair is to do good because for that
purpose alone was man sent into this life!
h. What suggestions were given in response to the third
question?
Ans: To the third question as to what was the most important
occupation : some replied that the most important thing in the
world was science. Others said it was skill of welfare and others
again it was religious worship.
i. Why did the bearded man ask for the king’s forgiveness?
Ans: The bearded man ask for the king’s forgiveness because he
wanted to kill the king, but the king saved his life. Had not the
king helped him, he would have died of bleeding.
3. Character analysis. Choose a character from the story and fill
out the boxes with information about that character?
Hermit Goodness, purpose of life, answers the three questions of
Name of the king.
the What does the character talk about?
character The character is positive about life and has great wisdom.
How do you feel about the character ?
King Others think him a wise character?
name of How do others think about the character?
the He asks three questions.
character What does the character talk about?
He was a good character who wanted to learn the art of
good life
 How do you feel about the character?
Others think him an ordinary person
How do others think about the character?
Use of Language:
1. Complete each sentence using an appropriate Gerund from
the box:
Fainting Flowing Lying Gazing Shining
Seeing Digging Giving Running Sowing
a. Seeing the king, he greeted him and went on digging
b. Giving the spade to the king, he sat down on the ground.
c. Here come someone running, said the hermit.
d. The king turned around and saw a bearded man come
running out of the wood.
e. When he reached the king, he fell fainting on the ground
moaning feebly.
f. The blood would not stop flowing.
g. Lying on the bed, the man closed his eyes and was quiet.
h. Who was the strange bearded man lying on the bed and
gazing intently at him with shining eyes.
i. The hermit was outside, on his knees, sowing seeds in the
beds that had been dug the day before.
j. The most important time was when you were attending to
him.
Writing:
1. In the story “Three Questions” Leo Tolstoy explores different
values that we can learn from. Read the story again and find out
how the values of acceptance, kindness, and forgiveness have
been shown in different situations.
Acceptance: The value of acceptance is embodied in the
character of the hermit who the king seeks out for answers to
his questions. The hermit teaches the king the importance of
accepting the present moment and living in the present.
Kindness: The value of kindness is demonstrated in the story
through the actions of the king himself. At the beginning of the
story, the king is focused on his own needs and desires.
However as he meets different people on his quest he starts to
understand the importance of kindness and helping others.
Forgiveness: The value of forgiveness is shown in the story
through the king and the bearded man. The king forgive him
and in return the man becomes his most faithful slave.
2. What are the values you have learnt from the story “The
three Questions”? Explain your answer.
Ans: The three questions teaches us important values such as
presence, kindness, forgiveness, humility and patience. By
embodying these values in our daily lives we can become better
people and lead more fulfilling lives.