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Maths Formula Sheet

Chapter 1 : Real Numbers

HCF x LCM = a x b

Chapter 2 : Polynomials

For zeroes of Quadratic polynomial,

p(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0

-b
1) Sum of zeroes = α + β = a

c
2) Product of zeroes = αβ = a

For zeroes of Cubic polynomial,

p(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, a ≠ 0

-b
1) Sum of zeroes = α + β + γ =
a

-d
2) Product of zeroes = αβγ =
a

3) Sum of product of zeroes taken two at a time =

c
αβ + βγ + αγ =
a

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Algebraic Identities –

1) (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

2) (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab

3) a2 - b2 = (a + b) (a – b)

4) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2

5) (a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3a2b + 3ab2

6) (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

7) a3 - b3 = (a - b) (a2 + b2 + ab)

8) a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 - ab)

9) a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = (a + b + c) ( a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc - ca)

10) If a + b + c = 0 then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

Chapter 3 : Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

a1 b1
1) ≠ (Intersecting, Consistent, One solution)
a2 b2

a1 b1 c1
2) = ≠ (Parallel, Inconsistent, No solution)
a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1
3) = = (Coincide, Consistent, Infinite solution)
a2 b2 c2

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Chapter 4 : Quadratic Equations

ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0 and a, b, c are real number.

-b ±√b 2 -4ac
1) Quadratic Formula : x =
2a

2) Discriminant (D) = b2 - 4ac

- If D > 0, then two distinct real roots

- If D = 0, then two equal rots

- If D < 0, then no real roots

Chapter 5 : Arithmetic Progression

General form of AP = a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, .....

1) an = a + (n - 1)d

n
2) Sn = [2a + (n-1) d]
2

n
3) Sn = (a + l)
2

4) an = Sn – S(n–1)

5) If a, b, c are in AP then 2b = a + c

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Chapter 7 : Coordinate Geometry

1) Distance Formula = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − y1 )2

2) Distance of point (p, x) from origin = √p2 + 𝑥 2

𝑚1 𝑥2 + 𝑚2 𝑥1
3) Section formula =
𝑚1 + 𝑚2

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
4) Mid-point formula = ,
2 2

Chapter 8 : Trigonometry

Trigonometry Table

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Ratios -

Perpendicular P
• Sin θ = =
Hypotenuse H

Base B
• Cos θ = =
Hypotenuse H

Perpendicular P
• Tan θ =
Base
= B

Conversions -

1 1
• Sin θ = • Cosec θ =
Cosecθ Sinθ

1 1
• Cos θ = • Sec θ =
Secθ Cosθ

1 1
• Tan θ = • Cot θ =
Cotθ Tanθ

Sinθ
• Tan θ =
Tanθ

Identities -

1) sin2θ + cos2θ = 1

2) sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ

3) Cosec2θ = 1 + cot2θ

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Chapter 12 : Area Related to Circles

Figure Area Perimeter

πr2 2πr

πr2
πr + 2r
r 2

πr2 πr
+ 2r
90°
2 2
r

r r
θ θ
θ x πr2 x 2πr
360 360

θ 1 θ θ
r r πr2 - r2 sinθ πr + 2r sin
θ 360 2 360 2

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Chapter 13 : Surface Area and Volume

Figure Curved Surface Area Total Surface Area Volume

2h(l + b) 2(lb + bh + lh) lxbxh

4l2 6l2 l3

2πrh 2πrh + 2πr2 πr2h

1
πrl πrl + πr2 πr2h
3

4
4πr2 4πr2 πr3
3

2
2πr2 3πr2 πr3
3

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Chapter 14 : Statistics

1) Mean

Mean

Direct Method Assumed Mean method

∑ fi xi ∑ fi di
x
̅ = x
̅ = a̅
∑ fi ∑ fi

b -b
2) Mode = l + (2b -1 b 0- b ) x h
1 0 2

n - CF
3) Median = l + ( 2 )xh
f

4) 3 Median = 2 mean + Mode

Chapter 15 : Probability

No. of favourable outcome

1) P(E) =
No. of all possible outcome

2) P(E) + P(E
̅) = 1

3) Probability always lies between O ≤ P(E) < 1

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Tossing of Coins

1) Tossing 1 coin – H, T (Outcome – 2)

2) Tossing 2 coins - HH, HT, TH, TT (Outcome - 4)

3) Tossing 3 coins - HHH, HTH, THH, TTH, HHT, HIT,

THT,TTT (Outcome - 8)

Throwing of Die

1) Throwing 1 die - outcome 6

2) Throwing 2 die - outcome 36

Playing Cards

• Face Cards : King, Queen, Jack

• Number Cards : Ace(1), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

52 Cards

26 Black 26 Red

13 13 13 13
Spades Clubs Hearts Diamonds

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