SALT ANALYSIS IN-DEPTH REVISION

Qualitative Analysis
Analysi
Salt

si ⑳

cations Anous
[Bavic Radicals) lacidic Radicals!

they
acid
react with
(they show
reactwith Bar
to show characteristic to

uopety property)
characteristic

Acidic Radicals: -

Gr-I:-cog2", sh", so" Nor, CBC]

(dilH2SO4)
Gr-I:-U,B,*, NOs, ssOn2") conceSO4

au- :-sO", PO43", iM, F Bus*,sO"

no
group reagent.
Gr-I.- Racial
ge diee

ng+2]
au-# cut, cat, Pft, Bit3, disHU
+ HeS
⑬ Ast35, syt2/4,syt3/+5

: Alts, cot3, Fet3] tec

has in NaOH
Gr-IV.- =? Mutz, cot?, Nith]
inpeance of NHaU
Gr-.- Bat, cat, Sith] [NAnlgCOs in
NHGC
pleance of
ar -
1 , Na,
Mg+, Hn]- group reagent
-

no
① conate):
↳ lity;all nomal carbonates
exceptions
with

alkalimetals & (Yhn)

of
ammonium as water

insoluble.

oing,
Bicarbonates Ca, Sr, in
only
* Ba exist

solution.
aqueous
sall + dikson Brick
effervesence
colourless,odourlers
of
a

gaswhenit
↓
ge
Nazcoz +
disson - Nazson +
co24+hs
CO2 calony-cacosI
+
+
to
white
cridic limewater
gas
(Bau)
↓
Co2
CaCH203) 2
E miskynettes,appeas
 BaCO3I H20
--
CO2 Balonz
+
+

saray later
white

thermally
unstable

AgacostI ia
Ma,Cop
AgN83 - a
+

chilli
E
Lunar caustic white

Isoluble in
pete.
NO3 & NH3
,

becomes blown addition

ppt
This yellow or
upon
of of reagent owing formation
excess the
to

occur heat
of Agro.
Thisexw will when we

the mixture.

At co24
AgaCOs Ag,o+
↓
04
2Ag Black
-
 1105in normal cationates!-
for
Test
presence of a mixture
Adding of
calls
of
* an excess to

Co2& 1105, costwill

the
form appt.
quantitatively
Co2 cat-cacost
+

white

solution pass
filtering rapidly
on the rcos into

filtrate. On
adding its it, a
to white
pit
cloudiness is obtained ifMC0sis
or
prevent
HC05"+cat2 +

Ny ->
CaCO3 +
sulphite (sog):-
*

i
olubility whites alkali metal & H
only of
the

are soluble in water.

The metal
ephites are incluble
either or

sparingly
soluble soluble extent)
upto some

alkali metals
isos
of
* as soluble in water

② the
firephites of alkaline metals
earth are known

solutions.
only
in
age

salt+ dirkeson-- A coloues

with
brisk gas
effervenence

having
small like
is burning
produced
which turns lime
water
milly. ↓
MazSOs + dilH2SO4 MacSO4 + S024 +H
-
 SO2 +CaCOng-> casost

milky
N

Soz
↓
theo

(a(HS0312
water soluble.

+4 +4
CO2 SO2

↓
10/ oxidation ↓ (0) -oxidation
+ 6
X noraw.
Y

4 6 3
set ?His
02+
+ + +

t -> SO3 I
SO2
(i) (SOG)
[SO3 (oxidising agent). green.
orange Isince CO2 is in

CO2 +

cr2o72"+h -X it max oxidation

state) so norm.

so2t =05 H20 ->

SO42" I2
+ +nt
(Blue)
Enstarch)
say?" -
Balls-- Basost
(divalves
die
nce)
- ppt. in
onstanding white

(Ol ↓Ne
I white Bat SO24 H2O.
+

BaSO4
+

insoluble in ne
 BasgtBuztH- BasonttB+
-
whiteppt
oxidizing
a mild

agent
Basoz +
Hog
->
BaSOn+H2O

2HNOS
↓

BaSO4 + NO4 + H2O

↓

gas (paramagnetic)
neutral

say: -
AgNog
+
lAgsoble change
- 2:
↓
excess AgNos
503
a
(Agsos]
2
AgesObt
crystalline ppz.
-

Boil
↓
Limolable in die Hu)
son2+SO24
Ag1
2 +

Black
grey
to
 +hY SO4
+2Agt+
H2O
AgeSoy
--

say?" + pt -> posost

N92503 PVUz
+
whiteppt
↓ <dinalves in diLHNO3)
P6SO3 1 2 NaU

for
+

ppt
white

POSO4d
white.

SO +
En -
+
HIS4 but
+

+10
Rotten
egg
subide:-)
utility:The aid, normal &
polynelphides of
alkali

metals are soluble in water, their

ag solutions are

s
of hydrolysisof
alkaline
became

normal
mlphides other
the metals
of
The
* most
of
include thou earth metals
of
an a alkaline

sparingly
are soluble.

(H2S)
dilkeson-A colourless
having
salt+
gas
smell like
egg.
rotten

suffocating produced
a odour

-
Na2S+H2SO4 MALSO4 + H2 S4

H2S + 16(CH3 10072 -> P6St + CH3COH

Black
-

- d(CH3cory ->
cast +

CH3CH.
yellow
-
 7
+ +2

n*-> Mut St+H2O

-
inno4 H2S +
+ +

Cvelfhel
Pink colorless colloidal
-
-

(yellow or white)

Cr2O7+ H2S + n* -> crt3 SttH2S

+

orange green

32:+
Ag* -

Agast
Black

C cold, but
I
imoluble in
soluble in hot did HNO3

as Naz
+
(FeCCN15NO] ->
Man (FeCCN),NOS]
Sodium
nitrofuside violet

Blutet.
* th
[0] kas
+ + 6ft -6Et2

"
-

- +
-
/

Thisis a sensitive test

[0,Jo In

methylene
Blue
for soluble
sulphicles.
2 H2S
④ :
before taking actate ion in
aqueous
solution, it must be made me that solutiondoes

notcontain ions which

following
the can also

combine with fet3.

① coz", ei; saz", is Pos"(V) I",

-
CV) SCM

by
then ions be removed addition
of AgNos.
can

salt+dilkeson colourles
vapours
-

having smell like

winger.
CHICCONa+
H2SO4 --> CH3COOH+ MacSO4

neutral F(CH3C80)3 + NaC

CHECCONa+ ->

Fellz Blood led

colour
Note!
-

Felly solution supplied lab

in the
always
-
The is

containing
acidic MU.

Itis made neutral

by addition
of
dilute

constant
of
solutions MH40H drop by with drop

etrinsing till
ppt
the
formed does not dissolve

solution & the

At this
stage the
filtered
is

filtrate is called Mutral fells solution.

Nitrite:(NO)
*

dability see metal nitrites

or soluble
water

except AgNoz which is

sparingly soluble.

NO2

salt+dilfeson--Reddish
brown is

produced which
-
when gas
pared ↳son solution
through
a blown

formed
is
complex known as

(Brown tent).
Ring
2NaNOy + H2SO4 ->
NazSOn +&HNO2

HN0y ->
HNOz NO
+

(disproportinate)
NO +02 -> NOz

Reddish Brown

>paramagnetics
ReSO4t NO -e FeSOn NOw (fe(H2O)5NO] sOn
Brown
ling
I=
* Bu & coloured
other or
anions cations

should be absent that calous petzion

with
give
NO2 +Ag* -AgNort
crystallieppt.
white

- + NO2+CHINH- I +

NO4+43288-
Blue colour H20
+

stalach
with

Muon +n
- ⑦
+ ->
int2 NO3 He
NOg
+
+

Pink colourless
 like)
+
Nor Hy Zi N24+ 2128 (diazotization)

HNOg* NM1-4-NHz
wea

↓
N24 2024 +H2O
+

-4 N24 SCN*-1H20
HNOg NM2 NY >
- +
-

-A+ 35 -
FelSCl
Blooded
 -I
chloride it:
① -

mee

metal chlorides
ility:
All are soluble
water

ex a
thou ofAge,a t pacewhereare
salt+conc.Meson-- HU+HSon
↓
colourless with
smell which
gas pungent
in his giveswhite
&
James
intense
fumes ag.NH3
with

In this solution add pinch pale

now, the
green gas
a

is evolved

MuC+2H2O+ G4
↳P MnOz +MU-> 2
quewish
yellow
NHGON+ MU-NHC THO
white
fumes
AgNOz
+HU
-AgUt HNOz
+

white
insoluble in water but
soluble in ag N13-
 Tollent Reagent

(Ag(NGsIz]
>

AgU+
on
2NHOH =

↓
n
Agrite
POUk + MNOS
P6(NOzIg
+

+
HU -

white (insoluble incolal

18
POC (soluble in hot)

↳
cwamye
chloric feet.
when solid chloride is heated

with
cone. MISOn in
presence of K2Cr,O7 deep sed
vapours

of chomyl
chloride evolved.
(orangered)
Malt conc.Heson-> HU+NASO4

K2C207 2H2304-
+
KHSO4 003 +
+ Heb

COst2NY-CrO24+H2O
⑧
chromylchloid
X
a
c-a- orangered).
 CrOU2 +2NOH -
NazCrOn +2NaU+H2O
yellow solution

↓
P6 [[4, (08) 2

166041 +
2CH3CCoNa
yellow ppt
Note:
-
is
given by
- * teet
of My, Ag,
This not chlorides

IG P6, Sn, &S6, L.

thistent
In such cases
may
be
performed
the
residue
by takingcastorate evaporation
obtained

extract
after
sodium
of
chomyl
② The chloride be
always
is
text to

performed in text tube. the

dry
a Otherwise

chromyl vapours gethydrolysed

chloride will in

test tube
the

CrO2C2+2H20 -> HeCOn+ 2H4

③ Blomides & Iodides do not teet
give
④ feet
This is said be
to
it when all

obverations
there
vapours of
viz, led works,

yellow solution
of MazCWG yellow ppt. of 169204
&

is obtained

Bromides (B)!-

is
tubility:-solubility
same as chloides

NaBU+
conCH2SOn -> MaHSO4 +HB

GMBU+ H2SO4--> Br4 9420+SO2

+

L Seddick Brown
I
vapours
2 NaBr+MnOc+3H2SO4
->
2NaNSOn+ MuSO4
Br2Y H20
+
+

+AgNOs AgBrt
->
NaBU
Pale yellow
Linsoluble in water)
NH40H
(spacingly
↓

soluble) (Ag(Nks12]
+
 kB + C2 -> 2KU+BU2

oxi d i z i n g
it

stronges
Brzt CHU-s Brown
layer.
ide!-
litiy. same chlorides.
as

NaI + conCH2SOn-- NaNSO4 +HI

⑭HI+H2Son-> I,4 9420+SO2

+

violet
vapours
MnOc+3H2SO4-2NaNSOn+ MuSO4
2NaI+
Ic4 H20
+
+

NaI
AgNOs AgEL+MaNOg
+
->

(Bright yellow) insoluble in ag NHy.

x1 x2
+ ->
2k4 + 12

stronges oxidizing
agent
violet
Ig t CHU3 I
lager
-POIS
(C1016+=
yellowppt
soluble in hot water

formiyields
ng a colourless solution
& a
golden yellow colours -

on
cooling
Est starch- Blue or Black

-stach-Blue/Black.
6I+ cr,O7+THzSOn-- 3I2+2ut+ 7SO4+TH2O
orange green
3I +

N0 4n* + --
738 + 2N04 +H2O
linear neutral oxide

31 +
2lut2 > 2 m=1+ Is8

Brownppt
 ↳. +

gcla
->
ngIct+au
scarlet led

I
↓
(excen)

-In]
NO -Nitrate! All mital nitrates as water eluble

NaNOz + H2SO4 -> NaNSO4 + HNO3

* 4HN83 -> 2H20 +4N024 +O2

Reddick brown
which gas
laces
NO2
-paramagnetic
on
calling
of
it colour, became
0

N1, diamagnetic
formation of
=
N -

N204.
0 colourless.

ur 4HNy -Cu(NOzic
+
+ [NO2 +2H

turning
Brown
Ring Test:
NaNOztH2SO4 -> MaNSOn + HMO3
6 FeSO4t 2HNOz +3H2SO4 ->
3Fez(sOnly 7HD
NO
↓

(Fe(H2076] SO4 H20 +NO --

(Fe(H2O),NO] SOn+24O
G

Browning
 27:
/On
NacO4+conc.HSOn-NazSOn +HeOh

H2CgO4 > C04 +120+ C024

in presence conc.H2SO4) It burns
of
1
with Blue flame.
 --
ates-son?*
①

dability. All the

sulphates
except
those Ba, P6, 5w
of
are soluble in water.
Sulphatesof Ca&mg an
sparingly
soluble in H20.

Bally+ Nagson-Basont+2MaU
white
Linsoluble in warm HUR dil HN03]
but soluble
moderately boiling
in

conchu]

sOR" +4N
3Ngt 2420
-Hgson2NgO
+

yellow ppz
Basic mercuric
sulphate
prevent, they
is also then also
y Ag&PC may
*

getppt AgU by
addition
of
as & POUs Balle

be used
To avoid it, BalNobly
may
in
placeof Balle
-hate.
*
NazPOnt 3HNOg NaNOz +
H3PO4.

H3POh+ 12
(N)gMoO4 + 2INNO3
(excess)
↓ -
Ammonium phosphomoly
date

(Mn)3PO4. 12 MoOz. + 2INHuNOz +12H20

yellow ppt
↓
gist
It dissolved in excess
of H3P04.

Fide:-
NaF + H2SO4 ->
NacSO4 +HeFz

H2Fz SiO2- SiF4+GH2O

+

3 siF+ GH20 -> InSiOu +GH2Sifz

silicic acid.
ite
gelatinous
thiosulchate (320327: -

sto I - o -

NayS203

ability: cable
of thiosulphates
most the are water

Sonof PS,
sparingly
soluble
Ag&
Ba are in

water.

* 5,02 2
+ - St +
S024 +H2O
colloidal
sulphur
↳yellow thebid)
titrations white

odimetric
Is t
500
2: - 25+ suOy2
starch colourles
Blue

sgO2*
AgQ -

Agr(Sa83) t
+

white

H20
↓

210 son2
Ages
+

Black

5902
2
463283
+

pf
+ - +
420

HiO
↓ 2:1
P6S + 2HO+ son
Black
SyO+KCN- scO+sO-
Fells
↓

fe.(SCN13
(Blood red colour)

25gOg2+ret
3
-
(Fe(s203)2]*
dark violet colour

disappears
on
colour

standing.
+ret3 saOG2
[Fe(SOs) -> Fet2 +
 -
Basic Radicals
o

solution
original
mother solution
-

or

salt+H20

-
soluble insclable---soluble
↳ Ensoluble
Idiesel
-I
soluble inscluble

Icome Mi
↓ ↓
soluble insoluble

Lagua
sagion
soluble.
 Basic Radicals
e

ar-I-Ag*, J
2

p6+2,
+

① dil HCS
igz

Pot Hgat.Bits,catecatyne
② Ii-
-
⑰
-

③! Alt3, (ut3, Fet] NHOH

infrance
NHGC-
of
④ Vir Zut2, Mut", cot2, Nith] +
HaS in NHOH
NH

⑤ -I But, Sat, Cat2 ] (MMule COs in

freuence
-

MHC- NHyOH.
of
⑥ Nat,
kt,ingt2 J- no
group Reagent.
⑰
⑦ J
Gr-zeo NHh
group reagent
- no

This
table is
formed basis
the
solubility
*

of
on the

poduct p
group
will be
colubilitygreater
creater
the the no
 ↳5 min)
Take a
print out and sevice.
Idaily):
-

white
↓

- Resident
1
GU I

unknown
compound in
*

petrate pendam
Gr-
indilHU etrate POUz
M2sgas ~

Agu,allz
W

↓ ↓ has
Residue filtrate Brloff
au as GUIB I add NHUANAH
As,S3 yellow
ackys- Sus Blown

BigS3
-

56253 Reside citrate

CAS orange AlION13

I
yellow
- gelatinous
white
GUIV

yellow ammonium CrCON13 H2S in

culphide. x, dirty
green NHOH
~
(NulaSs 2.
FeCON13 2
Reddish
& MH44
Brown

-
↳ -

Under
~

wel chices

e n
ar-I A
do not dinove Gu IB
I
-

in YAS.
(Residue)
COS -
Black filtrate
GUI
L
NIS

2ns- white
Myoh in presence
Mns -

Buff colous
Reside
& 8(NHulqCO3 &
de NIC
white - Bacos, srco, (a.COb ratgoI
 Radicals
-

-Hg
et

POUs (White
Ag,
Y
Pla
filtrate Reside
Ages, galle
KI
P6IzN + 2K4
POUg
->

not in exces
yellow
↳ K2CWOU
P6C204 k

L
yellow
dil H2SO4
POSOnt

↳ UCCONHa)
(soluble in
white ppt.
[POUn]"ecluble
sit

L HeS P6S ↓
Blackppt

Reside
agNty distrate (AgcNts)2)9
-

AgU, Hgrls- Revidus

genteene
grey
(AgINsld] 4
NMENO
Ag
Like Agezont
t Brick Red
Age
Bright yellow
↓
u
insoluble in ag. N1y.

Mg Hg(NHe)4
+

ragia
3 NC+IHNz-> NOU+2U+H20
conc u
Rearon for
oxidationing
agent
ng+ax-ryck
Rg(z)
c
+
-

+N4 the
kgU+
K1
IgEst
->

Red

↓kI
K2(gIn] coloulers.

+suc
snlz
HgeUn
->

↳getzt
↓

white

sulle
↓

suln
sngt
t

Black

Z
MgU
call+
lg black

deposited
on

copper.
 H2S = 2N*+32:
->

GI
-

the
Before passing
-

acidic
of
* H2s, the cone

solution should solution

properly adjusted.
be
If
the

is too acidicemail
not be
precipitated. On

the hand In will

is used the
if very
other less He

get pin
also
**
profes ion cone is to
from
0.25N

0-5N HU.

solution
original
mustbe
fee from any oxidung.
The
*

oxidized
agent. get
Otherwise with
has
recipitation
of fees sulphure. by heating
This is done mixture the

concrete
with
for sufficient during preparation
time the

solution.
of original
 GV-I
Blackppt

I
-

))
↳S

BigS3
&
is
CdS
yellow

⑬1
As,Sz -
yellow

range
-
stuss-
Sus + Blown
ne

~ S
chices I YAS
rg
-
#
->
divor -
only inaguaga
cob
/ -
revidue
petrate
is
-
#A #B

Best die HNO3 --

Residue
lgs
-

↳> (ant2, bit, pjt

filtrate Caty
(nitrate)

HNOz + 3NG >

- NOU +10+2(u)
nee

aqualagia
ngs+CK) AgUts
->
 ngUrgent such

II= Isuck
↓ such
rg
+

HgEd Black

↓R (excess)
=

=n]
12g
rate
Cu(NO3)2
Passt
Reside

I
Cd(NO3)2 con -
Th
PO(N03)2

Bi(NO3) 2
↳petrate
[mephate salts)

H (4200/aP6 IPOSIUSCON
poson
Black
KI K2204
L ↓

PJI2 P6C8O4
yellow yellow
 Residue BilOn)sI
filtrate CuSO4
cason
-a
L
Big(S04l3 Mon
futrate
((NH3) n) son

(Cd(NH3In) son

BiCON Y BiUst H20

↓
NazSnO2/NaOH
Bit Na, SnOz
+

+2NaY
Black
⑧
p Bills Ho-BiOU
+

(excess
I
white
pearl

(Cu(N)n] SOn
[A(NbIn) SO4
3 OH CuSOn
C&SOY
+CHICLONHG

CdSO4 calcal-- CUCN+MIc4

KCM ->

cason+ calris-COCM+IN
1CN (excens
↓

[CuCCN14]
L I
13 moestable.

/CACCWIn]
 ews) cuz(te(ws]
cuson] Chocolate Blown

↓
colour.
Imp
As
-very ->
-
-
-

CaS
yellow

- Ast3, 56t3, suth

Ast3 AsTSEHAsOn

MyAsO4 + 12(N)>MoO4 +
GINNO3

↓ -(NH4)3 ASO 12M003

(Mn) 3 AsMo128 not +

2INH4NO3
↓ yellow I5N0
+

molybdate
Ammonium Arseno

salle+ligh-
sunt
myulla
↓suc

,
S6OU+anY
*S6Ug+H2O
-

rangtulraiy
 ⑭. Fet, cut, Alt3

filtrate of goi NHOH NHC H2S

-
remove
to

I
Ahotelarouse Dirty gene
-
FeCONs + Reddich Brown

APE Allows -

gelatinous
white

NaOH
excess

S
fet, cut 3
filtrate
Resider
NadlO2

NadlOg NHDRie
+

NHGAO2 +Nal

H
↓

NH34 t Al(ON)3
gelatinous
white
>Residue FCON
3
+

"conle I
re(OH)3 ⑳
Brz-H20 ↳ NaCWOG
e
yellow relation
oxidizing agent
 P6(N03)2
NazCrOn- P6C884 t
yellow
/Back Agnrz
Bacont t .
yellow ppt >Agatron
Brick Red

conc kn(Fe(cals]
FeCONs Ze Fells -
FenlieCNIs]s
solution
P Deep Blus

yellow /Prunian Blue]

+ 12k4

anhy-Fells - Black.

Fellz KSCN
+ ->
FeCSCNls
g Bloodled
MH4SCN
 art
-
Intent cost with
-

↓
H2S inNHOH& NH44
zallz Mulz= -white
altrate I dil HIS
is -
Butt
E

CoS, MiS - cos]

Mis
Black

Residue.
amphoteri
metalc eid M
et
~
excess -> inolta (Black)
Zucke
I -

MuC2
NaOH
↳ trate N92202
j --

NazInOn EInSt + MacS+kO

white

↳zaUz+H2S
Us + k4(Fe(N)6) -> Inzlie(wis] d
In -

Bluick white
↳
k3(F((N16]
Ins(Fe(CN1s] 2

ppt
range
MnOg +P6O2 +conc.
4N0z->P6INOBy +HMnO4 tHO
Pink a
oxidizing purple
agent
inog+Nats +con.MNis-
Billogatninnou
pink or

purple
+
NANO3.

aqua colls Pink

I
CoS -

>
(U)
laga
↳

Nillz
green
His

coUr+NaNCOz ->
colOb+2MaU+CO24

CoCOpt NaNCOz -
Man[coLCOs),]
↓Brz
Max (CoCCOss]
applegran
NiCz + NaHCOz -> NiCO3 +2NaU + C024

↓
Brz + NaN103
NigOz + 2NaBr 2002
+

Black
 contains at least
solution two
If of
* a one the

how
cot2with them
identify
the
frence of
to

there ions.

selection
s 1 Treat the Malecos in
with
frence of
-

--

Britlico & color

obvive the in cold & on
heating
I
⑦
apple green in cold but no

change
on
heating
then Lot 2.

③ No
green
in cold but Black on
heating
then Nith.

④
Apple green
in cold but
Black on
heating
Both
prevent
then are

coUs
I H
Mills BVz + HO
colrt KCN -> colNiL kn/Co(CN)s]
Brownppt yellowish Brown
solution

↓
Bratto
k3(2o(2n)6] + kB2

yellow
Bright
solution

Nick KCN
+

NiCNIc1
green
fa
(NiCNIn]
↓
Burt Ho
Ni2O3 L +KCNO+IBU +40
Black
 specific
tent
for with & cot2?-

k3(o(NO2Is]
*CoUL+ kN0y CCH
+ -

yellow
↓NAuscw/ethee
WHn)2 (Co(sawls]
Blue.

p.
Nice
+Mecor +

aNe

(DMG -n)

L
NICDMG) 2
Red pink
Rory
or

I
- 0

I
o
...

More
the
M c
=
-
MC

Nith
X k -
m
=
u

1 -
H-....
-
d

p squan/anas.
Gr-
-
Batt I
sut? Cat2

appletree money Red

group Reagent (n), CO2 in NaCl +MHGOH.

B, SCOb

white

↓
ancest
Acetates Bacront
yellow
rate (CTC081, Ca, [41,200/ySw

↓[NAue
Residue-Yunn
((2(a(son)
ErSO4
white
↓
(44)204
die tell CalyOnt
Car(feC(NoI
white
rekor1) white
 ⑰- -

with
Nat-
crimson]
red

yellow
fame calor

golden
Bettength they - do not
respond flame
to tel

NaL+KH2S604- NaHzS6OnL+ K4
white

124 Mas
+

(CoLNO2)s] -> ks(Co(NOrs]

yellow

NacHPOnt NHOH
ingelzt CNaC+ No
-

mg(MHa)POY
+
white
!*
Mg07 o
⑰
NM4
- NA4 +MaUtHO
NHuC + NaOH

pungent
odous

In dipped rod)
NHGU
white
fumes.
↳y
Reagent
NMU
Kellg=n]
kOn + +

-
↓
**2

rg- t
KI + K4

*↓
110
+

Brown
ppt
Iodide milon's Bar
of