Murgachhaap:

Subject-wise Major themes extracted from PYQs of CSE- (25 years), CDS - (13
years), CAPF (13 years), and UPPSC (5 years)

Ancient history

- Buddhism/Jainism
- Foreign travellers
- IVC and it's sites( what was found)
- Vedic age
- Ancient Indian dynasties
- Keyterms - important(Gupta)
- Sangam age
- Bhakti/ sufi saints and movements
- Timeline
- Ancient sites and rivers
- Mauryans
- Society, administration, publications and terminologies
- Personalities ( kautilya, siddhartha etc.)

Medieval history

- Mughal period ( society, art, painting and architecture)

- Delhi sultanate
- Keyterms - important ( vijayanagar)
- States / capitals
- Ashoka / edicts
- Akbar
- Timeline
- State, powers and constructions etc.
- Wars, books, foreign visitors
Art and culture

- Indian architecture
- Paintings
- Philosophies
- Indian folk dances
- Martial arts
- Indian music
- Festivals
- Literature/ language scripts/ religions

Modern history

- Gandhian movements
- Other movements ( socio religious, working class, peasants and tribal)
- Various acts and policies of british Era and their impact
- Personalities ( contributions, books etc)
- Governor Generals / viceroys, their work
- Revolutionary movements
- Development between 1905-1940
- Development after 1940
- INC ( sessions, presidents, activities etc)
- 1857 revolt - (leaders, places, opponents)
- Chronology ( gandhi arrival, governor generals, world wars, work)
- Personalities/ revolutionaries
- INA( leaders, work, date, places)
- Factories of british
- Other organisations/ institutions ( sessions, date, places, important resolutions,
founders)

Polity
- Preamble
- Important amendments
- FR, FD, DPSP
- Important schedules
- Various forms of government
- Legislature ( make collective/comparative notes of all chapter)
- Executive ( same as above)
- Judiciary ( same as above)
- Citizenship ( current status, how it is acquired and lost, and comparison with OCI,
NRI, after 2019 amendment)
- Devices of parliamentary proceedings
- Types of bills( comparison table)
- Types of writs
- Emergency provisions
- List of important committee and commissions( for prelims) and their
suggestions( important for mains)
- ROPA
- Local Self government
- Relationship between various philosophies ( capitalism, socialism, monarchical
etc)
- Basic definitions ( state, community, minority , national party, etc.)
Various acts( prevent detention act etc), articles, Parts
- Sources of Indian Constitution
- Comparative systems( presidential vs parliamentary, judiciary of other countries,
etc.)
- Minorities/ SEBC/ SC/ ST/ tribals and affirmative actions for their betterment
- Central ministries
- Amendment procedure/ proceedings of parliament/ election process/ election
commision
- Table for Constitutional and Non Constitutional bodies

Environment
- Environment terms
- Sustainable Development and green initiatives
- Environmental laws; Organisation; Regulatory bodies; Government policies ( At
national and international level)
- Environmental pollution/ polluting gases/ pollutants
- Biodiversity conservation - Laws, NP, WLS, BR, Ramsar sites, Tigers reserves etc.
- Species ( important ones - PYQs + in the news)
- Protected Areas ( important ones - PYQs + in the news)
- Behavioural aspects of species ( waggle dance, eating bugs of the woods -
orangutan etc.)
- Special characteristics of species ( filter feeders, cultivators of fungi - ants etc.)
- Forest reports and Tiger census
- Project Launch Dates and Aims
- SDG + Summits, Conferences, protocols( important historic ones) + Days +
Themes
- Climate Change
- Biomes, Wetlands

Economy

- Money and banking

- Inflation and unemployment
- Digital Payment/ digital economy in India
- Taxation System
- Investment and Infrastructure
- Reports and indices and it's indicators
- Balance of Payments and Foreign Exchange Reserves
- RBI and It's functions, acts and structure
- Share market
- Economic Planning/ External sector
- India's relations with other financial institutions / WTO
- Various investment methods
- Financial/ regulatory institutions
- Economic survey and budget
- Economic terms ( important - PYQs + in news)
- Acts and Schemes of Government
- Census
- 5 years plans
- Trade
- Agriculture , strengthening and mechanization of farming sector
- Important banks/Institutes ( IMF, WB, AIIB, NDB)
- 1951 to 1991 phase of economic development( quick glance, no need to make
notes)
- Impoverished Sections and their upliftment, Poverty in India

Science and Technology

- Biotechnology and It's applications

- Information Technology
- Communication Technology
- Nano Technology
- Missile Technology
- Space Technology
- Health, Diseases and vaccines
- Various bacterias, viruses and fungi, theirs prevention and uses( Gucci)
- Nobel Prizes
- Human Body
- Emerging Technologies
- Basic sciences/ working of everyday use technology ( ATM, LED, street lamps
etc.)
- Chemicals used in everyday products ( lemongrass)
- Vitamins / minerals ( sources, deficiency)
- Plant physiology, animal physiology, human physiology
- Cyber Security
- Elements ( metals, non metals, Gases, Ores and Alloys)
- Hydrocarbons
- Types of Carbons
- Endocrine Gland, Hormones and Enzymes
- Digestive/ respiratory systems and diseases associated
- Blood circulation System
- Measurements and units
- Light, sound and Energy( electrical and solar)
- ISRO/NASA Space missions
- Scientists and Inventions ( India and world
- Polymers

IR/Geography

- Mapping ( places in news, Rivers and areas they pass through, Lakes, Seas,
Disputed areas, Dried up lakes/rivers, Boundaries, Lines/channels, Bordering
Countries of places in news etc.)
- Evolution and formation of Earth, Solar System and Universe
- Indian Climate and Monsoon/seasons + World Climate
- Cyclones, Tsunamis and jet streams
- El Nino, La nina, Madden Julian Oscillations and Pacific decadal Oscillations
- Coral Reefs
- Coal / other fossil fuels
- Ponds/ waterfalls/ reservoirs
- Water conservation
- Volcanism and Earthquakes
- Temperature, Salinity and Ocean Relief
- Ocean Currents
- Soil and their properties + Soil Conservation
- Important Crops( production, ranking, productivity)
- Important Stones/ materials( graphite, copper, slug etc)
- Tribes ( India and World) *PVTGs
- Rivers and Their tributaries+ mountains and hills, ranges
- Distribution of minerals and metals in earth, India and World
- Indian vegetation
- Industries location
- Drains/ east to West/ north to South / city / origin
- Dams/ hydroelectric projects/ powerplants/ superlatives
- Grasslands and Deserts
- Local Winds
- Various Security Forces ( laws for them, Acts, year of establishment, Work they
do) - Ex - CAPF, Home Guard asked before...

Anything after this would be considered " Pata nahi kaha se, pata nahi kyu" And
miscellaneous...

These are 170 or less in total, please realise that these topics are from 4-5 exams
and some of the topics may have been repeated in the above list since,
classification is a bit tricky and dont forget the golden rule " No duplication" ... One
source, make notes, done!! No prelims failure !!!