(Physics) MEGNETICS

Synopsis:
➢ Force acting on a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field:
(i) If charge +q is moving with velocity ν⃗, making an angle θ with the direction of field. Force
acting on the charge is,
⃗F = q(ν⃗ × ⃗B).

Magnitude of force is F = Bqv sin θ, direction of ⃗F is perpendicular to plane containing

both ν⃗ and ⃗B
(ii) If θ = 0° or 180°, then the force acting on the particle is zero. And the particle keeps moving in
the same path. i.e., undeviated.
(iii) If the charged particle enters normal to the magnetic field, the force acting on it is maximum. i.e., Fmax
(iv) ⃗ and ν⃗. It acts as centripetal force and the path of particle will be
This force acts right angles to B
circular.

        

       
        
   F     
        
        
Then the radius of the circular path is given by
mν P mν2
r= ⇒ r = Bq (from Bqν = )
Bq r

Where P = momentum
√2mK
(v) r= where K is kinetic energy of the particle
qB

(vi) If charged particle is accelerated through a potential difference of V volts before it enters into the
√2mqV
magnetic field normally then r = qB

(vii) Speed, kinetic energy remains constant, but velocity, acceleration, momentum and force are
variable since their directions are continuously changing.
2πr 2πm
(viii) The time period of rotation is T = ∴T=
ν qB
Bq
Angular frequency of rotation is ω = m

∴ T and ω are independent of v and r of charged particle.

(ix) When the particle enters the magnetic fied at angleθwith ⃗B,such thatθ ≠ 0°, θ ≠ 90°, θ ≠ 180°
then the path followed by the particle will be helical.

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mν sin θ
(x) Radius of circular path of the helix is given by r = qB

p B
B
v
vsin  v

q,m
x
v cos 
z

2πm
(xi) Time period of rotation is T = qB

(xii) Distance travelled by the particle along magnetic field in one complete rotation or pitch of helix
2πmν cos θ
is given by P = (ν cos θ)T; = qB

(xiii) Work done by the magnetic field on the charged particle is zero.
➢ Deviation of charged particle in uniform magnetic field :
Case 1 : Suppose a charged particled enters perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field if the
magnetic field extends to a distance ‘x’ which is less than or equal to radius of the path.

  
O
   v
 r
  
X 
  
  
  
q v
m   
x r
mv
In this case, r = ,
Bq
x xqB
Angle of deviation ′θ′ can be determined by using the formula sin θ = r = mv
xqB
∴θ= sin−1 ( )
mv

The above relation can be used only when x ≤ r.

Case 2 : For x > r,
 q,m   
   
v
   
q,m    
xr

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mv
In this case, r = ,
Bq

In this case, deviation = 180°.

➢ Fleming’s left hand rule :
Stretch the fore finger, central finger and thumb of left hand in mutually perpendicular directions,
such that if fore finger indicates direction of magnetic field, central finger indicates direction of
current, then thumb indicates direction of force on conductor.
➢ Lorentz Force :
(i) When a charge enters a region where both electric and magnetic fields exists simultaneously,
⃗ =F
force acting on it is called Lorentz force and is given by F ⃗e+F
⃗ m = q[E
⃗ + (V
⃗ ×B
⃗ )].

(ii) Cyclotron :
(a) The cyclotron is a machine to accelerate charged particles or ions to high energies using
both electric and magnetic fields in combination.
(b) Cyclotron uses the fact that the frequency of revolution of the charged particle in a magnetic
field is independent of its energy.
mv2
(c) Centripetal force is provided by the magnetic force = Bqv
r
mv
(d) Radius of circular path is r = Bq
2πr
(e) Time period of charged particle is T = v
2πm 1 Bq
T= f = T = 2πm = cyclotron frequency.
Bq

1 1 Bqr 2 B2 q2 r2
(f) K.E of charged particles is K. E = 2 mv 2 = 2 m ( m ) = 2m

Introduction:
A current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field of its own. This was first observed by
Oersted.
When current is flowing through a conductor, only magnetic field is produced around it, which
is nonconservative. The direction of magnetic lines of force due to a straight current-carrying
conductor will be concentric circles around the conductor in a plane that is always
perpendicular to the length of the conductor. The direction of the magnetic field can be found
by using:
(i) Maxwell’s Cork screw rule:
Imagine a right-handed cork screw advancing in the direction of current, then the direction of
rotation of the screw head gives the direction of magnetic lines of force,

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B B

(ii) Ampere’s right-hand thumb rule:

When a straight conductor carrying current is held in the right hand such that the thumb is
pointing along the direction of current, then the direction in which fingers curl around it gives
the direction of magnetic lines of force.

The direction of magnetic field for current carrying conductor is as given below.

P Q P Q
i
  i

 indicates B into the plane of paper

indicates B out of the plane of paper
(iii) Ampere’s Swimming Rule:
Imagine a person swimming along a current carrying wire in the direction of the current facing
a magnetic needle below the wire, then the magnetic north pole of the needle deflects towards
his left hand.

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Ampere’s circuital law:

Statement: The line integral of the magnetic induction field (B) along any closed path in air (or)
vacuum is equal to μ0 times the net current across the area bounded by this path. ∮ ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ = μ0 inet

B
i7
 i5
d
i6
i2
 i1 i
 i3 4

Consider a closed plane curve as shown in figure. ⃗⃗⃗⃗

dℓ is a small length element on the curve. Let
⃗B be the resultant magnetic field at the position of ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ. If the scalar product ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ is integrated
by varying ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ on the closed curve it is called line integral of ⃗B along the curve and it is
represented by ∮ ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ
The rule for deciding whether an enclosed current is positive or negative:
The fingers of the right hand are to be taken in the direction of integration around the path. If a
current pierces the membrane stretched across the area in the direction of the thumb, then it is
positive current. If the current pierces the membrane in the opposite direction, then it is
negative. For the above closed path
∮ B. dℓ = μ0 (i1 − i2 + i3 + i4 − i6 )
Important points regarding Ampere’s law:
1. The line integral does not depend on the shape of the closed path or on the position of the
current carrying wire in the loop
2. If a conductor carrying current is outside the closed path, the line integral of B due to that conductor
is zero i.e., we need not consider the currents that do not pierce the area of the closed path.

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3. Ampere’s circuital law is always true no matter how distorted the path or how complicated may
be the magnetic field. In most cases even though Ampere’s circuital law is true it is inconvenient
because it is impossible to perform the path integral. However in few special symmetric cases it
is easy to perform path integral using ampere’s law.
4. Ampere’s circuital law is applicable for conductors carrying steady current.
5. Ampere’s circuital law is analogous to Gauss law.
6. Ampere’s circuital law is not independent of Biot-Savart’s law. It can be derived from Biot-
Savart’s law. Its relation with Biot-Savart’s law is similar to the relation between Gauss law and
Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
Intensity of magnetic induction (B) near a long straight conductor:
From Ampere’s circuital law

d
P
r

∮ ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ = μ0 i ∮ Bdℓ cos 0 ° = μ0 i
0 μ i
B ∮ dℓ = μ0 i B(2πr) = μ0 i ⇒ B = 2πr

Here r must be much less than the length of conductor.

Magnetic induction at any point along the axis of conductor is zero.
Magnetic field due to a current element (Biot-Savart law):
B

P

d
Q r

i
A

According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnitude of magnetic induction dB.

(a) is directly proportional to the current i flowing through the element i.e.,
dB α i → (i)

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(b) is directly proportional to the length dℓ of the element i.e.,
dB α dℓ → (ii)
(c) is directly proportional to the sine of the angle (θ) between length of the element and the
line joining the element to the point P.
dB α sin θ → (iii)
(d) is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) of the point from the element.
1
dB α → (iv)
r2
μ idℓ sin θ
❖ If the conductor is in vacuum (or) air then dB = 4π0 r2
μ
❖ Here 4π0 is the proportionality constant and μ0 is called as permeability of free space or air. The

value of μ0 is 4π × 10−7 tesla − m/A

❖ The above equation gives the magnitude of the magnetic field produced due to small current
element at a distance ‘r’ from it.
❖ If current flows in the direction as shown in the figure, the direction of dB at P is directed
perpendicular to the plane of the paper in the inward direction.
μ idℓ×r ⃗⃗⃗⃗
❖ In vector form the above equation can be written ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
dB = 4π0 r3

❖ The resultant field at P due to the entire conductor can be obtained by integrating the above
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ×r⃗
B μ0 i dℓ
equation. B = ∫A 4π r3

➢ Magnetic field due to a straight current carrying wire:

Consider a straight conductor carrying current ‘i'. let ‘P’ be a point at a perpendicular distance
‘d’ from the conductor.
Let ‘dy’ be a small current element at a distance ‘r’ from ‘P’.
➢ According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnetic induction at P due to the small element is dB =
μ0 idy sin θ
4π r2

⃗ in the same direction, the magnetic induction due

➢ As every element of the wire contributes to B
μ0 i dy.sin θ
to the entire conductor is B = ∫ dB = ∫
4π r2

L d 
 P

y
 
dy r

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tan ϕ = y/d
y = d tan ϕ ⇒ dy = d(sec 2 ϕ)dϕ
r
= sec ϕ r = d sec ϕ
d
μ0 i d(sec2 ϕ).dϕ sin(90°−ϕ)
B= ∫
4π d2 sec2 ϕ

[∵ θ = (90 − ϕ)]
μ0 i α d(sec2 ϕ)dϕ cos ϕ
B= ∫
4π −β d2 sec2 ϕ

0 μ i α
B = 4πd ∫−β cos ϕ dϕ

(−β is taken because the angle is measured anti clockwise)

0 μ i
B = 4πd (sin α + sin β)

Similarly B is given as

1
i
d

2

0 μ i
B = 4πd [cos α1 + cos α2 ]

❖ Special Cases:
(i) If the point is along the length of the wire (but not on it then as ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ and r will be either
parallel oranti parallel i.e., θ = 0(or)π
B
So, ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ × r = 0 and hence ⃗B = ∫A ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
dB = ⃗0
(ii) If a point is at a perpendicular distance d from the wire then the magnetic field B varies
inversely with distance d.
1
B∝d

(iii) If the wire is of finite length ‘L’ and the point is on its perpendicular bisector, at a distance
‘d’ from the wire, i.e., α = β

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μ 2i L
B = 4π0 d sin α with sin α = √L2
+4d2

(iv) If wire is of infinite length and the point P lies at a distance ‘d’ from the wire which is at
a large distance from its ends as shown in figure, α = β = π/2


d 
i
 d


μ i μ 2i μ i
B = 4π0 d (2) = 4π0 d = 2πd
0

(v) At a point away from the conductor and near the edge of conductor
μ i
α = 90°, β = 0°; B = 4π0 d

i
 = 90
d

(vi) (a) Magnetic induction at the centre of current carrying wire bent in the form of square
of side ‘a’ is
Bnet = 4Bside
μ i
Bnet = 4 4π0 × a/2 (sin 4 5° + sin 4 5°)

0 μ i
B = 8√2 (4πa)⊗

i 

(vi) (b) Magnetic induction at the centroid of current carrying wire bent in the form of
equilateral triangle of side ‘a’ is
Bnet = 3Bside
μ i
Bnet = 3 4π0 × r (sin 6 0° + sin 6 0°)
a
(wherer = 2√3)
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0 μ i
B = 18 4πa ⊗


i

(vi) (c) Magnetic induction at the centre of current carrying wire bent in the form of hexagon of side
‘a’ is given by
Bnet = 6Bside
μ i
Here, α = β = 30°; B = 4√3 4πa
0

The magnetic field due to along straight current carrying conductor:

(a) Taking a circular ampere loop centered to the wire of radius r < R. To find B inside the
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = μ0 i′, here i′ = J. πr 2
⃗ . dℓ
conductor using ampere’s circuital law (ACL), we have ∮ B

B
d
r

Or B ∮ dℓ = μ0 Jπr 2 orB2πr = μ0 Jπr 2

μ0 J
or B = r; r ≤ R; B ∝ r
2

(b) At a point outside the wire (r > R)

∮ B. dℓ cos 0 ° = μ0 i′,
Where i′ = i because the amperian loop encloses total current or
B ∮ dℓ = μ0 ior B2πr = μ0 i
0μ i 1
⇒ B = 2πr ; r ≥ R; B ∝ r

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(c) B varies linearly inside the conductor and hyperbolically outside the conductor.

B
Br 1
B
r

O r=R r

Magnetic induction is maximum at the periphery of the wire

(d) ⃗ as the function of radial distance r due to a hollow cylinder carrying a current
The variation of B
i0 .

i0

Taking a circular amperian loop of radius r(> a) and applying ACL,

∫ ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ = μ0 i; B2πr = μ0 i
i
Where, i = π(b20−a2) . π(r 2 − a2 )
i0 (r2 −a2 )
= b2 −a2
μ0 i0 (r2 −a2 )
Then B = 2π(b2 −a2 )r

a≤r≤b
B = 0 for r ≤ a (as because i = 0)
For r > b
μ0 i0
B= 2πr

(e) For thin hollow cylinder

(i) Binside = 0
μ i
(ii) Bsurface = 2πR
0
(r = R)
μ i
(iii) Boutside = 2πr
0
(r > R)

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B

 0i
2r

r=R r

(f) Work done to move a unit north pole through a small distance ′dℓ′ along the tangent at a distance
‘r’ away from current carrying conductor
⇒ dw = ⃗F. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ
⃗ = mB
F ⃗ =B
⃗ (∵ m = 1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⇒ dw = B
⃗ . dℓ
But, dw = F ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗ . dℓ
Total work done in moving it once around the conductor. W = ∮ dw

W = ∮ ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ
But from Ampere’s circuital law

∮ ⃗B. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ = μ0 i ⇒ W = μ0 i
If a pole of strength ‘m’ is rotated for ‘n’ times around the current carrying conductor, then the
work done is
W = μ0 i × nm
Here W ≠ 0, the magnetic field produced by current carrying conductor is a non-conservative
field.

➢ Magnetic field at the center of a circular coil carrying current:

Consider a circular coil of radius R carrying a current i in clockwise direction. Consider any small
element dℓ of the wire. The magnetic field at the center O due to the current element idℓ is dB =
⃗⃗
μ0 idℓ×R
4π R3

d
R
90
O

i
Where ⃗R is the vector joining the element to the center O. The direction of this field is
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perpendicular to the plane of the diagram and is going into it.
μ idℓ
The magnitude of the magnetic field is dB = 4π0 R2 (i)

As the fields due to all such elements have the same direction, the net field is also in this direction.
It can, therefore, be obtained by integrating equation(i) under proper limits.
μ i
Thus, B = ∫ dB = ∫ 4πR
0
2
dℓ

If the coil has N turns ∫ dℓ = 2πRN

0μ i μ i
0 μ0 iN
B = 4πR 2∫
dℓ = 4πR 2
× 2πRN = ⊗
2R

If the current is in clock wise direction, then the magnetic field produced is normally inwards
and the face of the coil behaves as south pole.

S
If the current is in anti clock wise direction, then the magnetic field produced is normally
outwards and the face of the coil behaves as north pole.

N
➢ Field at an axial point of a circular loop:
id dBcos dB
 r 
R 
dBsin 
O P

dB
x

Consider a circular loop of radius R, carrying current in yz plane with center at origin O. Let P be
a point on the axis of the loop at a distance ‘x’ from the center ‘O’ of the loop.
Consider a conducting element dℓ of loop.
According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnitude of magnetic field due to the current element is

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⃗⃗⃗⃗ ×r⃗|
μ |idℓ
|dB| = 4π0 where r = √x 2 + R2
r3

Here the element dℓ is in yz plane where as the displacement vector r from dℓ to the point p is
⃗⃗⃗⃗ × r| = idℓ × r
in xy plane. So |idℓ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = μ0 idℓ×r = μ0 idℓ
|dB 4π r3 4π r2

The direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

dB is perpendicular to the plane formed by r and dℓ
In case of a point P on the axis of circular coil, for every current element ′idℓ′ there is a
symmetrically situated opposite element. The component of the field ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
dB perpendicular to the
axis cancel each other while component of the field ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
dB along the axis add up and contributes to
the net magnetic field.
μ idℓ sin θ
i.e., B = ∫ dB sin ϕ = 4π0 ∫ sin ϕ
r2

Here angle θ between the element ⃗⃗⃗⃗

dℓ and r is π/2 everywhere and r is same for all elements and
also sin ϕ = (R/r) so,
μ idℓ sin θ μ idℓ sin 90° R
B = 4π0 ∫ sin ϕ = 4π0 ∫
r2 r2 r
μ0 iR
= 4π r3 ∫ dℓ

For a loop ∫ dℓ = 2πR and as r 3 = (x 2 + R2 )3/2 ;

μ 2πiR2 μ iR2
B = 4π0 (x2+R2)3/2 = 2(x2+R
0
2 )3/2

The direction of magnetic field B is along the axis of the loop.

(i) The magnetic field B varies non linearly with distance x from centre as shown in figure.

x=0
X
For a coil having N turns, ∫ dℓ = 2πRN
μ NiR2
So, B = 2(x20+R2)3/2

It is maximum when x 2 = 0 i.e., at the center of the coil whose value is given by

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P P
B B

μ 2πNIR2 μ 2NIA
(ii) If x >> R; B = 4π0 = 4π0
x3 x3

Where A = πR2 , area of the coil.

➢ Circular current loop as magnetic dipole:
μ 2NIA
From the above expression B = 4π0 x3
μ 2M
Comparing with B = 4π0 x3

(a) Magnetic moment of the circular current carrying coil is M = NiA

(b) M is independent of shape of the coil
∴ Current loop behaves like a magnetic dipole with poles on either side of its face and it is known
as “magnetic shell”
(c) SI unit of magnetic moment (M) is A − m2 and dimensional formula is IL2.
(d) Magnetic moment of a current loop is a vector perpendicular to the plane of the loop and the
direction is given by right hand thumb rule.
➢ Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron:
Consider an electron revolving in a circular path of radius r around a nucleus with uniform speed
v.
e e eν
The current in the orbit is i = T = 2πr/ν = 2πr

Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron is

eν eνr
μ = iA = 2πr × πr 2 = 2

Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron in first orbit of hydrogen atom is called Bohr
magneton (μ).
From Bohr second postulates, for an electron revolving in first orbit of hydrogen atom.
h
me νr = 2π (n = 1)

Where h = Planck’s constant, me = mass of electron

eνr e h eh
μ= 2
= 2 2πm = 4πm
e e
e
(μ)
4πme min

1.60×10−19 ×6.63×10−34
= 4×3.14×9.11×10−31

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= 9.27 × 10−24 Am2
This value is called the Bohr magneton.
❖ Special cases:
(i) For an arc shaped conductor carrying current subtending an angle θ at the center.

R 
O
μ0 i θ
B= ⊗
2R 2π
μ0 iθ
∴ Magnetic induction at the centerB = ⊗
4πR

(ii) For a quadrant circular wire carrying current.

θ = 90°
μ0 i
Magnetic induction at the centerB = ⊗
8R

(iii) If B0 is magnetic induction at the center of a circular current carrying coil of radius R having N
turns and BA is magnetic induction at a point on the axis of it at a distance x from center then
B0
BA = 3/2
x2
(1+ 2 )
R

μ0 Ni μ NiR2
Proof: B0 = and BA = 2(R20+x2)3/2
2R
μ0 Ni B0
⇒ BA = 3/2 ⇒ BA = 3/2
x2 x2
2R(1+ 2 ) (1+ 2 )
R R

3x2
BA = B0 [1 − 2R2]

(iv) If a particle of charge q moves in a circular path of radius r with a velocity v, then the magnetic
induction at the center of circular loop
μ0 i μ0 qv μ qv
B= = × 2πr = 4π0 r2
2r 2r
μ0
If f is the frequency of rotation B = × qf
2r

If ω is the angular velocity, then

μ0 qω μ qω
B= × 2π = 4π0
2r r

(v) A charge ‘q’ is moving with a velocity of ‘v’. Then the expression of magnetic induction due to this
⃗ =
charge at a position vector r from the charge is (Biot -Savart law for a current element)dB
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ×r⃗
μ0 idℓ
.
4πr3

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If a charged particle of charge q and undergoes a displacement ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ during a time dt.
q ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ × r = qdℓ × r
Put i = dtor idℓ dt

v
 dB

r
q

dℓ
⃗⃗⃗⃗ × r = q(ν × r)
Putting dt = ν; idℓ
⃗)
⃗ = μ0 q(ν⃗×r
Using the above equations, dB 4πr3

(vi) (a) When a wire of length ‘ℓ’ carrying current ‘i' is bent in a circular loop of ‘n’ turns then the
magnetic induction at the centre of the loop is
μ0 ni μ0 πn2 i
B= = (∵ n × 2πr = ℓ)
2r ℓ

(vi) (b) The same wire of length ‘ℓ’ carrying current ‘i' is first bent into a circular coil with n1 turns
and then into another circular coil with n2 turns. If B1 , B2 are magnetic inductions at their centers
in the two cases, then
B n 2
(vi) (c) B1 = (n1)
2 2

(vi) (d) If r1 and r2 are radii of turns of the coil in the above case, then ratio of magnetic induction is
B1 r 2
= (r2 )
B2 1

(vi) (e) If two circular coils are connected in series, then the ratio of magnetic induction at their
B n r
centers is B1 = (n1) (r2 )
2 2 1

(vi) (f) If the two coils are made up of same wire and connected in parallel, then the ratio of the
𝐵 𝑟 2
magnetic induction at their centers is 𝐵1 = (𝑟2)
2 1

(vii) (a) For semi circular wire carrying current.

𝜃 = 180°
μ0 i
Magnetic induction at the center B = ⊗
4R

(vii) (b) To a circular wire, two straight wires are attached as shown.
When current is passed through it the magnetic field at the centre is zero.
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(Physics) MEGNETICS
i
μ0 ( )
2
B1 = ⊗; B3 = B4 = 0
4R
𝑖
𝜇0 ( )
2
𝐵2 = ⊙
4𝑅

∴ Bnet atO is zero

i/2
1
r
i i
3 4

i/2
2
(vii) (c) To a circular wire, two straight wires are attached as shown. When current is passed through
it the magnetic field at the centre.
0μ i
B1 = 4πr ⊙
i i
μ0 ( ) μ0 ( ) 0 μ i
2 2
B2 = ⊙; B3 = ⊗; B4 = 4πr ⊙
4R 4R

⃗ net = B
B ⃗ 1+B
⃗ 2+B ⃗ 4 ; Bnet = μ0 i ⊙
⃗ 3+B
2πr

1 i

r i/2
2
3

i/2 4 i

(vii) (d) The upper and lower halves of the ring have resistances R1 and R 2 . Two straight wires are
connected to it as shown.
The magnetic induction at the centre of the ring is
𝜇 0 𝑖2 𝜇 0 𝑖4
𝐵1 = 𝐵3 = 0 𝐵2 = ⊗ 𝐵4 = ⊙
4𝑟 4𝑟

Since R1 and R 2 are parallel to each other

i i
i2 R 1 = i4 R 2 ; i2 = R × R 2 ; i4 = R × R1
1 +R2 1 +R2

⃗ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐵
𝐵 ⃗1 +𝐵
⃗2+𝐵
⃗3+𝐵 ⃗ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝜇0 (𝑖2 − 𝑖4 )
⃗ 4; 𝐵
4𝑟

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i2 R1
2
r 3
1
i
i4 4
R2

(vii) (e) A straight current carrying conductor is held vertically in earth’s magnetic field. It carries
current in the upward direction, then the direction of magnetic field (B) due to it
(viii) (a) due north of the conductor is towards west 𝐵𝑛𝑒𝑡 = √𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐻2
(viii) (b) due west of the conductor is towards south Bnet = B − BH
(viii) (c) due south of the conductor is towards east Bnet = √B2 + BH
2

BH
B
BH
BH
i
W E

B BH
B

➢ Tangent Galvanometer:
(i) Tangent galvanometer works on the principle of Tangent law i.e.,
𝐵 = 𝐵𝐻 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝜇0 𝑛𝑖
Here B = Mangetic induction at the centre of the current carrying coil = 2𝑟

(ii) It is a moving magnet type galvanometer

(iii) During experiment, plane of the coil should be along the magnetic meridian [to fulfill the
requirement of tangent law]
2rBH
(iv) Current measured by tangent galvanometer is i = ( μ ) Tanθ = KTanθ; r = Radius of coil,
0n

K = reduction factor; n = number of turns of coil

(v) SI unit of reduction factor is ampere
di 1
(vi) Reading is more accurate when θ = 45° since relative error ∝ sin 2θ and it is minimum for 45°
i
𝑑𝜃
(vii) Sensitivity is maximum when 𝜃 = 0° since ∝ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃, which is maximum for 𝜃 = 0°
𝑑𝑖

(viii) Reduction factor K depends on horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.

(ix) T.G gives different readings at different places for same current

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(x) T.G cannot be used at magnetic poles, since 𝐵𝐻 = 0 at magnetic poles.
(xi) T.G is used to measure the current of the order of 10−6 A
➢ Solenoid and Toroid:
(i) Solenoid:
(a) If many turns of an insulated wire are wound around a cylinder the resulting coil is called a
solenoid
μ0 ni
(b) Field at a point on the axis of a solenoid is B = (sin α + sin β)
2

r  
P

Where ‘n’ is number of turns per unit length of solenoid.

(c) For a long solenoid magnetic induction on the axis is 𝐵 = 𝜇0 𝑛𝑖 (∵ 𝛼 = 𝛽 ≅ 90°)
𝜇0 𝑛𝑖
(d) At one end of a long solenoid magnetic induction is 𝐵 = (∵ 𝛼 = 0°, 𝛽 ≅ 90°)
2

(ii) Toroid:
(a) If a solenoid is bent in a circular shape and the ends are joined then it is known as toroid.
Let N be the total number of turns in the toroid of radius joined then it is known as toroid.led a
N
n = 2πr

Applying Ampere’s law

𝜇0 𝑁𝑖
⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮𝐵 𝑑ℓ = 𝜇0 𝑁𝑖; 𝐵= = 𝜇0 𝑛𝑖
2𝜋𝑟

➢ Force on a current carrying conductor kept in uniform magnetic field :

i) A conductor carrying currnt i is placed in a uniform magnetic field of induction B at an angle θ
with the field direction. The force acting on it is given by F ⃗ ×B
⃗ = i(ℓ ⃗ ); |F
⃗ | = Biℓ sin θ

ii) If B and ℓ are parallel or anti-parallel F = 0

iii) If B and ℓ are perpendicular, then 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
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(Physics) MEGNETICS
iv) Direction of force can be found using Fleming’s left hand rule.
(iii) Special Cases :
(a) The force acting on curved wire joining points a and b as shown in the figure is the same as that
⃗ ×𝐵
on a straight wire joining these points. It is given by 𝐹 = 𝑖(𝐿 ⃗ ) where 𝐿
⃗ = 𝑎𝑏

  b

i
  B
L
a  
(b) The force experienced by a semi circular wire of radius ‘r’ when it is carrying a current ‘i’ and is
placed in a uniform external magnetic field of induction B as shown in the figure is given by 𝐹 =
𝐵𝐼(2𝑟).
  
  
  
Force directed
Vertically upwards
θ θ
(c) The force on the wire shown F = Biℓ sin 2 towards left = ℓeff = 2ℓ sin 2

  
i
 /2 
 /2
 i

'

  
(d) The force on a closed loop of any shape carrying current in a uniform magnetic field is always
zero. Since ℓeff = 0

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   
   
   
   
(e) The net force experienced by a closed current loop and current completes the loop in a uniform
field is zero.

 i  
   
   
   
(f) In case of a closed loop but current does not complete the loop the net force is not zero.

  C  B
   
   
A D
   
𝐹𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 𝐹𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 = 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝐷 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 = 2𝐹𝐴𝐷
⃗ loop | = 2|F
∴ |F ⃗ AD |

➢ Force between two parallel current carrying long straight conductors :

𝐹 𝜇 𝑖1 𝑖2
(i) Force per unit length on each wire is given by = 2𝜋0 . If 𝑖1 = 𝑖2 = 1𝑎𝑚𝑝, 𝑟 = 1𝑚, then force
ℓ 𝑟

per unit length of the conductor is 2 × 10−7 𝑁/𝑚

(ii) If currents in the two wires are in same direction, then the force of attraction takes place
between them.
(iii) If currents in the two wires are in opposite direction, then the force of repulsion takes place
between them
(iv) A straight and very long wire carries current i1 and rectangular loop of wire carrying current i2
μ0 i1 i2 ℓ 1 1
is placed nearby it. The force on the loop is F = [ a − b]
2π

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F
Net force

i1 i2 i2

a
b

(v) A very long horizontal wire carries a current 𝑖1 is rigidly fixed. Another wire is placed directly
above and parallel to it carries a current 𝑖2 . r is the perpendicular distance of seperation
between the wires and currents are in opposite directions for the second wire remains
𝜇 0 𝑖1 𝑖2 ℓ
stationary, the condition is 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔 ⇒ = 𝑚𝑔
2𝜋𝑟
𝑚 𝜇 0 𝑖1 𝑖2
⇒ =
ℓ 2𝜋𝑟𝑔

i2
r

i1

(vi) Three long parallel conductors carry currents as shown

𝜇 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖2 𝑖3
(a) Resultant force per unit length on the wire ‘C’ is 𝐹 = 2𝜋0 [ 1𝑎 2 ~ ]
𝑏

A C B

i1 i2 i3

a b
𝑖1 𝑖2 𝑖2 𝑖3 𝑖1 𝑖3
(b) If the resultant force on the wire ‘C’ is zero, the condition is = ⇒ =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏

Note : Here the resultant force per unit length on the A and B wire can be also determined in the similar
way. The currents can be along different directions.
➢ Null points due to two current carrying parallel wires :
(i) Two straight parallel conductors are carrying currents i1 , i2 (i1 < i2 ) in the same direction, and
are seperated by a distance r, the null point is formed in between them. The distance of the null
r
point from the conductor carrying smaller current is x = i2
+1
i1

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(Physics) MEGNETICS

i1 i2
x

(ii) Two straight parallel conductors are carrying current 𝑖1 , 𝑖2 (𝑖1 < 𝑖2 ) in opposite directions, and
are seperated by a distance r, then the null point is formed outside the conductors, the distance
𝑟
of the null point from the conductor carrying smaller current is given by 𝑥 = 𝑖2
−1
𝑖1

i1 i2
x

➢ Force between two streams of electric charges :

(i) If two streams of electrons or protons are moving with velocity ‘v’ in parallel and same
directions, there will be both electric repulsive force and magnetic attractive force. Since
electric force predominates the magnetic force, there will be repulsion.
(ii) If they move parallel and opposite directions, there will be electric repulsive force and magnetic
repulsive force and hence there will be repulsion again.
➢ Torque acting on a current loop kept in uniform magnetic field :
(i) When a coil carrying current is placed in uniform magnetic field, the net force on it is zero but
it experiences a torque or couple.



n

(ii) ⃗⃗ × 𝐵
Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in uniform magnetic field is 𝜏 = 𝑀 ⃗
(iii) Torque acting on the coil is 𝜏 = 𝐵𝑖𝑁𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= BiNA cos α. Here
A = are of coil carrying current i
N = number of turns of the coil
B = Magnetic induction of the field

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(Physics) MEGNETICS
⃗
𝛼 = Angle made by the plane of the coil with 𝐵
⃗
θ = Angle made by the normal to the plane of the coil with B
(iv) If the plane of coil is parallel to the direction of magnetic field 𝜏 = 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
(v) If the plane of coil is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, τ = 0
(vi) If current carrying coil is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field it experiences both force and
torque.
(vii) For a given area, torque is independent of shape of the coil
(viii) Torque is directly proportional to area of the coil.
➢ Special cases :
(i) When a current carrying coil is placed in uniform magnetic field, net force on it
F = 0. But net torque may acts.
(ii) When a current carrying coil is placed in non-uniform magnetic field, net force, net torque both
acts.
𝜏𝑛𝑒𝑡 ≠ 0 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 ≠ 0.
(iii) If the angle made by ⃗M
⃗⃗ of the coil with ⃗B in uniform magnetic field is ′θ′, then its potential energy
⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ B
P. E = −M ⃗ ; P. E = −MB cos θ

(iv) ⃗⃗⃗ with B

If a current carrying coil is rotated in a uniform field such that the angle made by M ⃗ is
changes from θ1 to θ2 .
W = MB(cos θ1 − cos θ2 )
(v) ⃗⃗ , then 𝜃 = 0°.
If ext field is along, the direction of 𝑀
=0 𝑃. 𝐸 = −𝑀𝐵(𝑚𝑖𝑛())
(vi) ⃗⃗ then, 𝜃 = 180°
If external magnetic field is opposite to 𝑀
= 0. P. E = +MB(max())
(vii) The corresponds to unstable equilibrium.
➢ Moving coil Galvanometer :
(i) Principle of moving coil galvanometer : When a current carrying coil suspended in a uniform
magnetic field, it experiences a torque and hence it rotates.
(ii) Poles of magnet are concave is shape, to make the magnetic field radial so that at all orientations
the plane of the coil is parallel to the field, and hence torque acting on it is maximum. This makes
the relation between current and deflection linear.
(iii) Soft iron cylinder is kept at the center of magnetic field to increase the flux.
(iv) Phosphor Bronze has
(a) high Young’s modulus so that the wire will not be stretched easily.

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(Physics) MEGNETICS
(b) low rigidity modulus so that the wire can be twisted easily.
(c) small elastic after effects so that it comes back quickly to original position after withdrawing
current.
(v) Small mirror is attached on the phosphor Bronze wire, to measure the deflection using lamp
and scale arrangement.
𝐶𝜃 𝐶
(vi) If ′𝜃′ is the deflection for passage of current ‘i', then 𝐶𝜃 = 𝐵𝑖𝐴𝑁 ⇒ 𝑖 = (𝐵𝐴𝑁) where 𝑘 = (𝐵𝑁𝐴)

= Galvanometer constant or figure of merit. It is independent of 𝐵𝐻 . Where ‘C’ is couple per unit
twist.
(vii) a) Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the deflection produced in the
dθ BAN
galvanometer per unit current flowing through it, SI = =
di C

b) Voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the deflection produced in the

galvanometer per unit voltage applied to it.
θ θ θ BAN
SV = V = iG ⇒ V = CG

Where G is resistance of galvanometer

(i) Increasing B (ii) Increasing A (iii) Increasing N (iv) Decreasing C
(viii) It is used to measure current upto a minimum of 10−9 𝐴𝑚𝑝.
(a) Plane of coil need not be along the magnetic meridian
(b) Galvanometer constant is independent of 𝐵𝐻 . So it can be used to measure currents even at
poles.
(c) External magnetic fields have no effect on deflection. So, it can be used to measure current even
in the environment of stray magnetic fields.
➢ Shunt :
(i) A low resistance connected in parallel to galvanometer to protect it from large current is known
as shunt.
(ii) When shunt is connected range increase but sensitivity decreases.
i P Q i
G
ig
is S

V
GS GS
(iii) R equivalent = G+S iv) V = iR eq = i G+S v) VPQ = ig G = ig S

➢ Ammeter :
(i) Galvanometer can be converted in to Ammeter by connecting low resistance parallel to it.

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(Physics) MEGNETICS

i ig G

is
S

Ammeter

(ii) To increase the range by ‘n’ times or to decrease the sensitivity by ‘n’ times, shunt to be
𝐺 𝐺
connected across Galvanometr is 𝑆 = 𝑖
⇒ 𝑆 = 𝑛−1
( −1)
𝑖𝑔

i newrange olddivision/amp
Here n = i = = newdivision/amp
g oldrange

GS
(iii) Equivalent resistance of ammeter = G+S

(iv) The relation between currents is

iS iG
a) i = ig + is b) ig = G+S c) is = G+S
𝑖𝑔 𝑆 𝑖𝑔 𝑆 𝐼 𝐺
d) 𝑖 = 𝐺 ; = 𝐺+𝑆 ; 𝐼𝑠 = 𝐺+𝑆
𝑠 𝑖

(v) It is a device used to measure current in electrical circuits.

(vi) Resistance of an ammeter is very small and it is zero for an ideal ammeter. Potential drop across
ideal ammeter is zero.
(vii) Ammeter must always be connected in series to the circuit.
(viii) Among low range and high range ammeters, low range ammeter has more resistance.

19. VOLTMETER

P R G Q
ig

V
Voltmeter

(i) Galvanometer is converted into voltmeter by connecting high resistance in series to it.
(ii) Voltmeter is always connected in parallel to the conducctor [P.D. across which is to be
measured) in the circuit.
(iii) P.D. across the ends of voltmeter is, V = ig (G + R)
(iv) Voltmeter is used to measure P.D. across the conductor in electric circuits.
(v) Resistance of a voltmeter is very high and that of an ideal voltmeter is infinity. Current drawn
by an ideal voltmeter is zero.
(vi) Among low range and high range voltmeters, high range voltmeter has more resistance.
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(Physics) MEGNETICS
(vii) Equivalent resistance of voltmeter = 𝐺 + 𝑅
(viii) Resistance to be connected in series to galvanometer to convert into voltmetr of range 0 − V
V
volt is R = i − G
g

newrangeV2 ig (G+R) R
(ix) To increase the range by n times, n = = =1+G
oldrangeV1 ig (G)

Here resistance to be connected in series to galvanometr is 𝑅 = 𝐺(𝑛 − 1)

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(Physics) MEGNETICS
EXERCISE – 1
1. A charge particle A of charge q = 2C has velocity v = 100 m/s. When it passes through point A
and has velocity in the direction shown. The strength of magnetic field at point B due to this
moving charge is (r = 2 m) : 𝑛 × 10−7 𝑇. Find n?
B
v

r
30

2. A point charge is moving in clockwise direction in a circle with constant speed. Consider the
magnetic field produced by the charge at a point P (not centre of the circle) on the axis of the
circle.
(A) It is constant in magnitude only
(B) It is constant in direction only
(C) It is constant in direction and magnitude both
(D) It is not constant in magnitude and direction both
3. Which of the following is correct for the points outside the wire or beam :
(A) A current carrying wire produces magnetic field but not electric field
(B) A current carrying wire produces both magnetic field and electric field
(C) A proton beam moving with some velocity produces only electric field
(D) A proton beam moving with some velocity produces only magnetic field
4. The magnetic lines of force due to a straight current carrying wire will be :
(A) circular for finite length of wire (B) circular for semi-infinite wire
(C) circular for infinite wire (D) all of the above
5. Consider a non conducting ring of a radius ‘r’ and mass ‘m’, which has a total charge ‘q’
distributed uniformly on it. The ring is rotated about an axis pasing through its centre and
parallel to the plane of ring with an angular speed ω. Then the magnetic moment of the ring is
qωrn
. Find α + n?
α

6. Three distinct current carrying wires intersect a finite rectangular plane ABCD. The current in
left wire and the loop is 𝐼1 . The direction of current in left most wire and right most loop is
downwards as shown in figure. The current 𝐼2 through middle wire is adjusted so that the path
integral of the total magnetic field along the perimeter of the rectangle is zero, that is,
⃗ ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐴 𝐵 𝑑ℓ = 0. Then the current 𝐼2 is :

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I2
I1 I1
D C

A
B

(A) 2I1 and upwards (B) 2I1 and downwards

(C) 4I1 and upwards (D) 3I1 and downwards
7. The diagram shows a solenoid and a loop such that the solenoid’s that the solenoid’s axis lies
in the plane of the loop. Both the solenoid and the loop carry constant currents in the directions
as shown in the diagram. If the system is released from rest, the loop :

i2
i1

(A) move towards the solenoid, rotates clockwise

(B) move towards the solenoid, rotates anticlockwise
(C) move away the solenoid, rotates clockwise
(D) move away the solenoid, rotates anticlockwise
8. A charged particle is projecteed in air horizontally near the earth’s surface at a point where
horizontal component of magnetic field is absent. Considering the effect of vertical compnent
of the earth’s magnetic field and the gravitational field due to the earth, the path of the particle
will be :
(A) circular (B) helical (C) straight line (D) parabolic
9. A charged particle enters a non-uniform uni-directional magnetic field such that its initial
velocity is parallel to magnetic field, then the radius of curvature of its path is (in standard
notation) :
𝑚𝑣 𝑞𝐵
(A) (B) 0 (C) ∞ (D) 𝑚𝑣
𝑞𝐵

10. A charged particle is released from rest in a region where there is a uniform and constant
electric field; and a uniform and constant magnetic field. If the two fields are parallel to each
other, the path of the particle is :
(A) circle (B) helix (C) cycloid (D) straight line
11. An electron is at rest in a region having uniform and constant magnetic field. The magnitude of
the magnetic field is suddenly doubled keeping its direction same. After the sudden change, the

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magnetic field is again uniform and constant. After the magnetic field becomes double (Neglect
the effect of gravity) :
(A) The electron continues remains at rest
(B) The electron starts to move along a straight line
(C) The electron moves along a circular path
(D) The electron moves along a helical path
12. A toroid of mean radius ‘a’, cross-section radius ‘r’ and total number of turns N. It carries a
current ‘i'. The torque experienced by the toroid if a uniform magnetic field of strength B is
applied :
(A) is zero (B) is 𝐵𝑖𝑁𝜋𝑟 2
(C) is BiNπa2 (D) depends on the direction of magnetic field
13. A charge of magnitude 1μC and mass 1 mg is attached to one end of a light string of length 2 m
whose other end is fixed. The charge is given a velocity 1 m/s. There is a magnetic field of 1 T
perpendicular to the plane of revolution of charge. The tension is string at that moment will be
: (Neglect gravity)
(A) 5 × 10−7 N (B) 15 × 10−7 N (C) 10−6 N (D) zero
14. If a charged particle goes unaccelerated in a region containing electric and magnetic fields :
⃗ must be parallel to B
(A) E ⃗ (B) v ⃗
⃗ must be perpendicular to E
⃗
(C) 𝑣 must be perpendicular to 𝐵 (D) E must be equal to vB
15. A particle of mass m and charge q is projected into a region having a perpendicular uniform
magnetic field B. Which of the following are correct
  
B
   

+q
  
  
  
d
𝑚𝜈 𝑚𝜈 2𝑚𝜈
(A) 2𝑞𝐵 (B) (C)
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵
mν
(A) If magnetic field width d = 2qBthe angle of deviation 30°
𝑚𝜈 𝜋
(B) If magnetic field width 𝑑 = the angle of deviation 2
𝑞𝐵
2𝑚𝜈
(C) If magnetic field with 𝑑 = 𝑞𝐵
the angle of deviation 𝜋
mν π
(D) If magnetic field with d = 2qB the angle of deviation 2

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16. A potential difference of 600 V is applied across the plates of a parallel plate condenser. The
separation between the plates is 3mm. an electron projected vertically, parallel to the plates, with
a velocity of 2 × 106 𝑚𝑠 −1moves undeflected between the plates. Find the magnitude and direction
of the magnetic field in the region between the condenser plates. (Neglect the edge effects).
(Charge of the electron = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶)
+
600 V
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

(A) B = 0.1T positive z-direction (B) B = 0.1T negative z-direction

(C) B = 0.2T positive z-direction (D) B = 0.2T negative z-direction
17. Find the magnetic field at P due to the arrangement shown in figure.

45o
i
90o i

P
μo i 1 2μo i
(A) (1 − )⊗ (B) ⊗
√2πd √2 √2πd
𝜇𝑜 𝑖 𝜇𝑜 𝑖 1
(C) ⊗ (D) (1 + )⊗
√2𝜋𝑑 √2𝜋𝑑 √2

Key: A
𝜇 𝑖
Sol: 𝐵 = 2 [4𝜋𝑜 . 𝑑/√2] (𝑠𝑖𝑛 9 0𝑜 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 5𝑜 )
𝜇𝑜 𝑖 1
𝐵= (1 − )⊗
√2𝜋𝑑 √2

18. A uniformly charged ring of radius R is rotated about its axis with constant linear speed v of each
of its particles. The ratio of electric field to magnetic field at a point P on the axis of the ring
distant x = R from centre of ring is : (c is speed of light)

O P

x=R

c2 v2 c v
(A) (B) (C) v (D) c
v c

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19. Two long, identical bar magnets are placed under a horizontal piece of paper, as shown in figure.
The paper is covered with iron filings. When the two north poles are a small distance apart and
touching the paper, the iron filings move into a pattern that shows the magnetic lines of forces.
Which of the following best illustrates the pattern that results ?

N N

S S

(A) (C)

(B) (D)

20. A current I flows along a triangular loop having sides of equal length a’. The strength of magnetic
𝛼𝜇0 𝐼
field at the centre of the loop is . Find 𝛼 + 𝛽?
𝛽𝜋𝑎

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EXERCISE – 2
1. An infinitely long wire carrying current I is along Y axis such that its one end is at point A (0, b)
while the wire extends upto +∞. The magnitude of magnetic field strength at point (a, 0) :
+

I
A

( 0, 0 ) ( a, 0 )
𝜇 𝐼 𝑏 𝜇 𝐼 𝑏
(A) 4𝜋𝑎
0
(1 + √𝑎2 ) (B) 4𝜋𝑎
0
(1 − √𝑎2 )
+𝑏 2 +𝑏 2
𝜇 𝐼 𝑏
(C) 4𝜋𝑎
0
(√𝑎2 ) (D) None of these
+𝑏 2

2. Two infinitely long linear conductors are arranged perpendicular to each other and are in
mutually perpendicular planes as shown in figure. If I1 = 2A along the y-axis and I2 = 3A along
-ve z-axis and AP = AB = 1 cm. The value of magnetic field strength ⃗B at P is :
y
I1
I2
P A  x
B
z

(A) (3 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑗̂ + (−4 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑘̂ (B) (3 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑗̂ + (4 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑘̂
(C) (4 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑗̂ + (3 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑘̂ (D) (−3 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑗̂ + (4 × 10−5 𝑇)𝑘̂
3. Three long wires, with identical currents, either directly into or directly out of the page, are
placed at three corners of a square in four different arrangements as shown. Correct order of
the magnitude of net magnetic field at the empty upper right corner of the square is :
i  i 
(I) (II)

i  i i  i

i  i

(III) (IV)

i i i i

(A) 𝐵𝐼 = 𝐵𝐼𝑉 > 𝐵𝐼𝐼 = 𝐵𝐼𝐼𝐼 (B) 𝐵𝐼 > 𝐵𝐼𝑉 > 𝐵𝐼𝐼 = 𝐵𝐼𝐼𝐼
(C) BII = BIII > BI = BIV (D) BI > BIII > BII > BIV

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4. Let 𝐵𝑃 and 𝐵𝑄 be the magnetic field produced by the wire P and Q which are placed
symmetrically in a rectangular loop ABCD as shown in figure. Current in wire P is I directed
inward and in Q is 2I directed outwards.
A D

y y
I 2I
X
 X
P Q
y y

B C
𝐵 𝐴 𝐵
⃗ 𝑄 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
If ∫𝐴 𝐵 ⃗ 𝑃 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑ℓ = 2𝜇0 tesla meter, ∫𝐷 𝐵 ⃗ 𝑃 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑ℓ = −2𝜇0 tesla meter and ∫𝐴 𝐵 𝑑ℓ = −𝜇0 tesla meter,
the value of I will be (in A)
5. A current i in a circular loop of radius b produces a magnetic field. At a fixed point far from the
loop (on its axis) the magnetic field is proportional to which of the following combinations of i
and b ?
𝑖
(A) 𝑖𝑏 (B) 𝑖𝑏 2 (C) 𝑖 2 𝑏 (D) 𝑏2

6. Axis of a solid cylinder of infinite length and radius R lies along y-axis it carries a uniformly
R R
distributed current ‘i’ along +y direction. Magnetic field at a point ( 2 , y, 2 ) is :
𝜇0 𝑖 𝜇0 𝑖 𝜇 𝑖 𝜇0 𝑖
(A) 4𝜋𝑅 (𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂) (B) 2𝜋𝑅 (𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) (C) 4𝜋𝑅
0
𝑗̂ (D) 4𝜋𝑅 (𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ )

7. An electron moving with velocity v along the axis approaches a circular current carrying loop
as shown in the figure. The magnitude of magnetic force on electron at this instant is :

v
−e
x R

𝜇0 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑅 2 𝑥 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑅 2 𝑥 𝜇 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑅 2 𝑥

(A) (B) 𝜇0 (𝑥 2+𝑅2)3/2 (C) 4𝜋0 (𝑥 2+𝑅2)3/2 (D) 0
2 (𝑥 2 +𝑅 2 )3/2

8. A charge particle tied to an end of a string is performing circular motion around a wire on a
frictionless horizontal table. The wire is in vertical direction passing through centre of the
circle. If a current starts flowing in the wire then the tension in string [B = f(t)] :
(A) will increase (B) will decrease
(C) will remain same (D) may increase or may decrease

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9. A neutral atom which is stationary at the origin in a gravity free space emits an 𝛼 -particle A in
the z-direction. The product atom is P. A uniform magnetic field exists in the z-direction.
Disregarding the electromagnetic forces between A and P, which of the following is correct?
(A) A and P will move along circular paths of equal radii
(B) A has greater time period of rotation than P
(C) A has greater kinetic energy than P
(D) A and P will meet again somewhere in the yz-plane
10. A uniform magnetic field exists in region which forms an equilateral triangle of side a. The
magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the triangle. A charge q enters into this magnetic
field perpendicularly with speed v along perpendicular bisector of one side and comes out
along perpendicular bisector of other side. The magnetic induction in the triangle is :
mv 2mv mv mv
(A) (B) (C) 2qa (D) 4qa
qa qa

11. A proton moves in the positive z-direction after being accelerated from rest through a potential
difference V. The proton then passes through a region with a uniform electric field E in the
positive x-direction an a uniform magnetic field B in the positive y-direction, but the proton’s
trajectory is not affected. If the experiment were repeated using a potential difference of 2V, the
proton would then be :
(A) deflected in positive x-direction (B) deflected in negative x-direction
(C) deflected in positive y-direction (D) deflected in negative y-direction
12. Two charged particles 1 and 2 (of masses m1 and m2 ; and charges Q1 and Q2 respectively) are
travelling in circular orbit with the same speed in a region of uniform and constant magnetic
field that is directed into the page, as shown. The magnitude of the charge on each particle is
identical. Then which option below is correct (neglect the interaction between charged
particles) :

  B 
u

Q1 m1 Q2 m2

u
   
Uniform and constant magnetic field
(Normal to plane of paper)

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Option Mass Sign of Sign of
relationship Charge Q1 Charge 𝑄2
(A) m1 = m2 + −
(B) 𝑚1 > 𝑚2 − +
(C) m1 < m2 − +
(S) m1 > m2 + −
13. Two large conducting planes carrying current perpendicular to x-axis are placed at (d, 0) and
(2d, 0) as shown in figure. Current per unit width in both the planes is same and current is
flowing in the outward direction. The variation of magnetic induction (taken as positive if it is
in positive y-direction) as function of ‘x’ (0 ≤ x ≤ 3d) is best represented by :

14. A horizontal metallic rod of mass ‘m’ and length ′ℓ′ is supported by two vertical identical springs
of spring constant ‘K’ each and nature length ℓ0 . A current ‘i' is flowing in the rod in the direction
shown. If the rod is in equilibrium, then the length of each spring in this state is:

𝑖ℓ𝐵−𝑚𝑔 𝑖ℓ𝐵−𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔−𝑖ℓ𝐵 𝑚𝑔−𝑖ℓ𝐵

(A) ℓ0 + (B) ℓ0 + (C) ℓ0 + (D) ℓ0 +
𝐾 2𝐾 2𝐾 𝐾

15. ABCDE is a very long wire carrying current i1 as shown. The portion BCD is a semi-circle with
centre at O. Another very long wire passes through point O, perpendicular to the plane of ABCDE
and it carries current i2 outside the plane of paper. The two wires:
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(A) attract each other (B) repel each other

(C) do not exert any force on each other (D) nothing can be said
16. A square coil of side ‘a’ carrying current ‘i' and is having one of its side AB parallel to y-axis and
its plane is at angle θ = 30° with x-axis (as shown). If a uniform magnetic field B exist in the
region along k̂ direction, then torque due to magnetic force on the coil is :

ia2 B ia2 B ia2 B ia2 B

(A) ĵ (B) (−k̂ + ĵ) (C) − ĵ (D) î
2 √2 2 2

17. A ring of radius 5 m is lying in the x-y plane and is carrying current of 1 A in anti-clockwise
⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ is switched on, then the co-ordinates of point
sense. If a uniform magnetic field 𝐵
about which the loop will lift up is :

(A) (3, 4) (B) (4, 3) (C) (3, 0) (D) (0, 3)

18. A small current element of length ‘dℓ’ and carrying current is placed at (1, 1, 0) and is carrying
current in ‘+ z’ direction. If magnetic field at origin be ⃗B1 and at point (2, 2, 0) be ⃗B2 then:
⃗ 1 | = |𝐵
(A) |𝐵 ⃗ 2| ⃗1 = 𝐵
(B) 𝐵 ⃗2 ⃗ 1 | = |2𝐵
(C) |𝐵 ⃗ 2| ⃗ 1 = −2𝐵
(D) 𝐵 ⃗2

19. A long thick conductor of radius ‘R’ carries a current uniformly distributed over its cross
section.
(A) The magnetic field strength is maximum on the surface
(B) The magnetic field strength is zero on the surface

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(C) The strength of the magnetic field inside the cylinder will vary as inversaly proportional to
r, where r is the distance from the axis.
(D) The energy density of the magnetic field outside the conductor varies as inversaly
1
proportional to r2 , where ‘r’ is the distance from the axis.

20. Consider the magnetic field produced by a finitely long current carrying wire.
(A) The lines of force will be concentric circles with centres on the wire
(B) There can be two points in the same plane where magnetic fields are same
(C) There can be large number of points where the magnetic field is same
(D) The magnetic field at a point is inversaly proportional to the distance of the point from the
wire
21. A nonconducting disc having uniform positive charge Q, is rotating about its axis with uniform
angular velocity 𝜔. The magnetic field at the center of the disc is:

𝜇0 𝑄𝜔
(A) directed outward (B) having magnitude 4𝜋𝑅
μ0 Qω
(C) directed inwards (D) having magnitude 2πR

22. From a cylinder of radius R, a cylinder of radius R, a cylinder of radius R/2 is removed, as shown.
Current flowing in the remaining cylinder is I. Magnetic field strength is:

𝜇 𝐼 𝜇 𝐼
(A) zero at point A (B) zero at point B (C) 3𝜋𝑅
0
at point A (D) 3𝜋𝑅
0
at point B

23. A charged particle of charge +q, mass m is moving with initial velocity ‘v’ as shown in figure in
a uniform magnetic field 𝐵(−𝑘̂). Select the correct alternative/alternatives:

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(A) Velocity of particle when it comes out from magentic field is ⃗V = v cos 6 0°î − v sin 6 0°ĵ
πm
(B) Time for which the particle was in magnetic field is 3qB
πmv
(C) Distance travelled in magnetic field is 3qB

(D) The particle will never come out of magnetic field

24. A particle of charge ‘q’ and mass ‘m’ enters normally (at point P) in a region of magnetic field
with speed v. It comes out normally from Q after time T as shown in figure. The magnetic field
B is present only in the region of radius R and is uniform.
Initially and final velocities are along radial direction and they are perpendicular to each other.
For this to happen, which of the following expression(s) is/are correct ?

mv πR πm
(A) B = (B) T = (C) T = 2qB (D) None of these
qR 2v

25. A charged particle is kept at rest on a smooth horizontal surface in uniform magnetic field ‘B’
which is directed vertically downwards as shown in the figure.

An observer is moving with constant velocity v towards right. Then with respect to the observer
which of the following statements is/are correct?
(A) Path of the charged particle will be straight line
(B) Path of charged particle will be circular
(C) Magnetic force on the charged particle is zero
(D) Magnitude of magnetic force on charged particke is qVB
26. ⃗ = Bî with an
A proton of charge ‘e’ and mass ‘m’ enters a uniform and constant magnetic field B
initial velocity ⃗V = Vox î + V0y ĵ. Which of the following will be correct at any later time ‘t’ ?
qBt
(A) x-component of velocity will be Vox cos ( m )

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𝑞𝐵𝑡
(B) y-component of velocity will be 𝑉𝑜𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑚 )
𝑞𝐵𝑡
(C) z-component of velocity will be 𝑉𝑜𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑚 ) along (+𝑘̂) direction

(D) x-component of velocity will remains unchanged

27. Two straight infinitely long and thin parallel wires are spaced 0.1 m apart and carry a current
of 10 ampere each. Find the magnetic field at a point which is at a distance of 0.1m from both
wires in the two cases when the currents are in the (a) same and (b) opposite directions:
(A) When currents are in same direction, 𝐵 = 2√3 × 10−5 𝑇
(B) When currents are in opposite directions, B = 2 × 10−5 T
(C) When currents are in same direction, 𝐵 = 2 × 10−5 𝑇
(D) When currents are in opposite directions, 𝐵 = 2√3 × 10−5 𝑇
28. In the given figure magnetic field at the center of ring (O) is 8√2𝑇. Now it is turned through a
90° about 𝑥𝑥′ axis, so that two semi-circular parts are mutually perpendicular. Find the value of
magnetic field at centre.

(A) 2T (B) 4T (C) 6T (D) 8T

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EXERCISE – 3
1. In the figures shown ABCDEFA is a square loop of side ℓ, but is folded in two equal parts so that
half of it lies in x z plane and the other half lies in the y z plane. The origin ‘O’ is centre of the
frame also. The loop carries current ‘i’. The magnetic field at the centre is :

μ i μ i √2μ0 i μ0 i
(A) 2√2πℓ
0
(î − ĵ) (B) 4πℓ
0
(−î + ĵ) (C) (î + ĵ) (D) (î + ĵ)
πℓ √2πℓ

2. An infinite current carrying wire is placed along x-axis such that it lies between x = 0 to 𝑥 = +∞
(infinity). The current is in direction of positive x-axis. Let 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 and 𝐵3 be the magnitude of
magnetic field at points 𝐴(𝑎, 𝑎), 𝐵(0, 𝑎) and 𝐶(−𝑎, 𝑎) respectively. Then pick the incorrect
option.
B1 +B3
(A) B1 > B2 > B3 (B) B2 = 2
B1 B3 1
(C) B1 : B2 : B3 = √2 + 1: 1: √2 − 1 (C) =2
B22

3. A straight wire current element is carrying current 100 A, as shown in figure. The magnitude of
magnetic field at point P which is at perpendicular distance (√3 − 1)m from the current
element if end A and end B of the element subtend angle 30° and 60° at point P, as shown is
n × 10−6 T.
Find n?

4. All straight wires are very long. Both AB and CD are arcs of the same circle, both subtending
right angles at the centre O. Then the magnetic field at O is :

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𝜇 𝑖 𝜇 𝑖 𝜇 𝑖 𝜇 𝑖
(A) 4𝜋𝑅
0
(B) 4𝜋𝑅
0
√2 (C) 2𝜋𝑅
0
(D) 2𝜋𝑅
0
(𝜋 + 1)

5. A non-planar circular loop consists of two semi-circles one of which lies in yz-plane and the
other is in xz-plane as shown. The magnetic force experienced by positive charge of value Q
moving with velocity v along x direction when it is at the origin is :

Qvμ0 I Qvμ0 I Qvμ0 I

(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
4R 2R 2√2R

6. The radius of a coil of wire with N turns is 0.22 m, and 3.5 A current flows clockwise in the coil
as shwon. A long straight wire carrying a current 54 A toward the left is located 0.05 m from
the edge of the coil. The magnetic field at the centre of the coil is zero tesla. The number of turns
N in the coil are :

7. A current carrying wire AB of the length L is turned along a circle, as shown in figure. The
magnetic field at the centre O.

μ0 πi 2π−θ 2 μ0 πi 2π−θ μ0 πi μ0 πi
(A) ( ) (B) ( ) (C) (2π − θ) (D) (2π + θ)2
L 2π L 2π L L

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8. Two long cylinders (with axis parallel) are arranged as shown to form overlaping cylinders,
each of radius r, whose centers are separated by a distance d. Current of density J (Current per
unit area) flows into the plane of page along the right shaded part of one cylinder and an equal
current flows out of the plane of the page along the left shaded part of the other, as shown. The
magnitude and direction of magnetic field at point O (o is the origin of shown x-y axes) are :

𝜇 𝜇 𝐽
(A) 2𝜋0 𝜋𝐽𝑑, in the + y-direction (B) 2𝜋0 𝑑 2 𝑟, in the + y-direction

(C) zero (D) None of the above

9. The ratio of the energy density of magnetic field in the middle region of a solenoid to that in
end region is :
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 2 : 1
10. A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 1 T exists in region y ≥ 0 is along k̂ direction as shown.
A particle of charge 1 C is projected from point (−√3, −1) towards origin with speed 1 m/sec.
If mass of particle is 1 kg, then co-ordinates of centre of circle in which particle moves are :

1 √3 √3 1
(A) (1, √3) (B) (1, −√3) (C) ( , − ) (D) ( ,− )
2 2 2 2

11. Electric charge q is uniformly distributed over a thin rod of length ℓ. The rod is placed parallel
to a long wire carrying a current i. The separation between the rod and the wire is a. The force
needed to move the rod along its length with a uniform velocity v is :
μ0 iqv μ0 iqv μ0 iqv μ0 iqv
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2πa 4πa 2πℓ 4πℓ

12. A spring of spring constant ‘K’ is fixed at one end has a small block of mass m and charge q is
attached at the other end. The block rests over a smooth horizontal surface. A uniform and

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constant magnetic field B exists normal to the plane of paper as shown in figure. An electric
field 𝐸⃗ = 𝐸0 𝑖̂
(𝐸0 is a positive constant) is switched on at t = 0 sec. The block moves on horizontal surface
without ever lifting off the surface. Then the normal reaction acting on the block is :

(A) maximum at extreme position and minimum at mean position

(B) maximum at mean position and minimum at extreme position
(C) is uniform throughout the motion
(D) is both maximum and minimum at mean position
13. ⃗ 1 = 2𝐵0 𝑘̂ exists. Another uniform and
In region 𝑥 > 0, a uniform and constant magnetic field 𝐵
⃗ 2 = 𝐵0 𝑘̂ exists in region 𝑥 < 0. A positively charged particle of mass
constant magnetic field 𝐵
m and charge q is crossing origin at time t = 0 with a velocity 𝑢
⃗ = 𝑢0 𝑖̂. The particle comes back
to its initial position after a time : (𝐵0 , 𝑢0 are positive constants)
3 πm 2πm 3πm
(A) 2 qB (B) (C)
0 qB0 qB0

(D) Particle does not come back to its initial position

14. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm, it’s direction
being parallel to the axis along east to west. A current carrying wire in north south direction
passes through this region. The wire intersects the axis and experience a force of 1.2 N
downward. If the wire is turned from North South to north east-south west direction, then
magnitude and direction of the magnetic force is :
(A) 1.2 N, upward (B) 1.2 √2 downward
1.2
(C) 1.2 N, downward (D) 𝑁, downward
√2

15. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm, it’s direction
being parallel to the axis along east to west. A current carrying wire in north south direction
passes through this region. The wire intersects the axis and experience a force of 1.2 N
downward. If wire in north-south direction is lowered from the axis by a distance of 6 cm, then
magnitude and direction of force is :
(A) 0.48 N, downward (B) 0.48 N, downward
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(C) 0.96 N, downward (D) 0.96 N, upward
16. For the circuit shown in figure, the direction and magnitude of the force on PQR is :

(A) zero (B) iℓB out of the page

1
(C) 2 iℓB into the page (D) iℓB into the page

17. Figure shows an equilateral triangle ABC of side ℓ carrying currents, placed in uniform magnetic
field B. The magnitude of magnetic force on triangle is :

(A) iℓB (B) 2iℓB (C) 3iℓB (D) zero

18. A circular coil of radius R and a current I, which can rotate about a fixed axis passing through
its diameter is initially placed such that its plane lies along magnetic field B. Kinetic energy of
loop when it rotates throgh an angle 90° is : (Assume that I remains constant)
πR2 BI 3
(A) πR2 BI (B) (C) 2πR2 BI (D) 2 πR2 I
2

19. ⃗ is directed at an angle of 45° to the x-axis in the xy-plane,

A uniform, constant magnetic field 𝐵
PQRS is a rigid square wire frame carrying a steady current 𝐼0 , with its centre at the origin O. At
time t = 0, the frame is at rest in the position shown in the figure, with its sides parallel to the x
and y axes. Each side of the frame is of mass M and length L. The torque 𝜏 about O acting on the
frame due to the magnetic field will be :

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𝐵𝐼0 𝐿2 𝐵𝐼0 𝐿2
(A) 𝜏 = (−𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) (B) 𝜏 = (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂)
√2 √2
𝐵𝐼0 𝐿2 𝐵𝐼0 𝐿2
(C) 𝜏 = (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) (D) 𝜏 = (−𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂)
√2 √2

20. A circular coil of radius R and a current I, which can rotate about a fixed axis passing through
its diameter is initially placed such that its plane lies along magnetic field B. Kinetic energy of
loop when it rotates thorugh an angle 90° is : (Assume that I remains constant)
𝜋𝑅 2 𝐵𝐼 3
(A) 𝜋𝑅 2 𝐵𝐼 (B) (C) 2𝜋𝑅 2 𝐵𝐼 (D) 2 𝜋𝑅 2 𝐼
2

21. Figure shows the path of an electron in a region of uniform magnetic field. The path consists of
two straight sections, each between a pair of uniformly charged plates, and two half circles. The
electric field exists only between the plane.

(A) Plate I of pair A is at higher potential than plane II of the same pair
(B) Plate I of pair B is at higher potential than plate II of the same pair
(C) Direction of the magnetic field is out of the page [⊙]
(D) Direction of the magnetic field into the page [⊗]
22. A current carrying conductor is in the form of a sine curve as shown, which carries current I. If
πx
the equation of this curve is Y = 2 sin ( L ) and a uniform magnetic field B exists in space.

(A) Force on wire is BIL if field is along Z-axis

(B) Force on wire is 2BIL if field is along Y-axis
(C) Force on wire is zero if field is along X-axis
(D) Force on wire is BIL if field is in the XY plane making an angle 30° with X-axis
23. Figure shows two current segments. In the upper segment, an arc of radius 4 cm subtends an
angle of 120° with centre P. The lower segment includes a large semicircle of radius 5 cm also
with centre P. If I = 0.4 amp in both. Then find the net magnetic field at point P due to these
current segments is

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4𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
(A) 30 𝜇𝑇 (B) 30 𝜇𝑇 (C) 30 𝜇𝑇 (D) 30 𝜇𝑇

24. Find the magnetic field (𝑖𝑛10−7 𝑇) due to 2 long wires as shown at (0,0,1)𝑚.

(A) 2 × 10−7 T (B) 3 × 10−7 T (C) 4 × 10−7 T (D) 5 × 10−7 T

25. Two coaxial long solenoids of equal lengths have currents 𝑖1 , 𝑖2 , number of turns per unit length
𝑛1 , 𝑛2 and radius 3m, 5m respectively. If 𝑛1 𝑖1 = 𝑛2 𝑖2 = 250 (in SI unit) and the two solenoids
carry current in opposite sense, find the magnetic energy stored per unit length (in SI unit).
(Take 𝜋 2 = 10)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
26. Two circular coils of radius R, each with N turns, are perpendicular to a common axis. The
centres of the coils are a distance R apart. Each coil carries a steady current I in the same
direction, as shown in figure.

(A) The magnetic field on the axis at a distance x from the center of one coil is
Nμ0 IR2 1 1
B= [(R + (2R2+x2−2Rx)3/2 ]
2 2 +x2 )3/2

(B) The magnetic field on the axis at a distance x from the center of one coil is
Nμ0 IR2 1 1
B= [(R − (2R2+x2−2Rx)3/2 ]
2 2 +x2 )3/2

dB d2 B
(C) The value dx and dx2 both are zero at the point midway between the coils.
dB d2 B
(D) The value dx and dx2 both are non zero at the point midway between the coils.
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EXERCISE – 4
αμ0 I
1. The magnetic field at the origin due to the current following in the wire is [−î + k̂]. Find
βπa

α + β?

2. An insulating rod of length ℓ carries a charge q distributed uniformly on it. The rod is pivoted
at its mid point and is rotated at a frequency f about a fixed axis perpendicular to rod and
πqfℓα
passing through the pivot. The magnetic moment of the rod system is . Find α + β?
β

3. A steady current is set up in a cubic network compsed of wires of equal resistance and length d
as shown in figure. What is the magnetic field at the centre P due to the cubic network ?

𝜇 2𝐼 𝜇 3𝐼 𝜇 𝜃𝜋𝐼
(A) 4𝜋0 𝑑 (B) 4𝜋0 (C) 0 (D) 4𝜋0
√2𝑑 𝑑

4. Three infinite current carrying conductors are placed as shown in figure. Two wires carry same
current while current in third wire is unknown. The three wires do not intersect with each other
and all of them are in the plane of paper. Which of the following is correct about a point ‘P’ which
is also in the same plane?

(A) Magnetic field intensity at P is zero for all values of x

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2𝐼
(B) If the current in the third wire is 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 (left to right) then magnetic field will be zero at P

for all values of x

2I
(C) If the current in the third wire is sin α (right to left) then magnetic field will be zero at P

for all values of x

(D) None of the above
5. Two infinitely long parallel wires are at a distance d apart and carry equal parallel currents I in
the same direction as shown in the figure. If the wires are located on y-axis (normal to x-y plane)
𝑑 𝑑
at 𝑦 = and 𝑦 = − 2 , then the magnitude of x-coordinate of the point on x-axis where the
2

magnitude of magnetic field is maximum is (Consider points on x-axis only) :

d d
(A) √2d (B) (C) 2d (D) 2
√2

6. Two coaxial long solenoids of equal legtths have current, 𝑖1 , 𝑖2 , number of turns per unit length
𝑛1 , 𝑛2 and radius 𝑟1 , 𝑟2 respectively. If 𝑛1 𝑖1 = 𝑛2 𝑖2 and the two solenoids carry current in
opposite sense, the magnetic energy stored per until length is [𝑟2 > 𝑟1 ] :
μ0
(A) n12 i12 π(r22 − r12 ) (B) μ0 n12 i12 π(r22 − r12 )
2
𝜇0 𝜇0
(C) 𝑛12 𝑖12 𝜋𝑟12 (D) 𝑛22 𝑖22 𝜋𝑟22
2 2

7. A wire of length ℓ and of cross section radii r is wounded over a rod (length >> radius of cross
section) to make a solenoid. If connected across a battery of emf ε, the magnetic field in central
region is found to be B. If another wire of same material but of length 2ℓ and radius of cross-
section r/2 is wounded over same rod and connected to same battery then the magnetic field
B
in central region will be n. Find n? [the turns are closely packed]

8. There exists a uniform magnetic and electric field of magnitude 1T and 1 V/m respectively along
positive y-axis. A charge particle of mass 1 kg and of charge 1 C is having velocity 1 m/sec along
x-axis and is at origin at t = 0. Then the co-ordinates of particle at time π seconds will be :
−π2 π2 π2
(A) (0,1,2) (B) (0, , −2) (C) (2, , 2) (D) (0, , 2)
2 2 2

9. An electron makes a transition from n = 2 to n = 1 state in a hydrogen like atom.

(A) Magnetic field at the site of nucleus is decreased by 16 times

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(B) Magnetic field at the site of nucleus is increased by 32 times
(C) Angular momentum of electgron is changed
(D) None of the above
10. Magnetic field strength at the centre of regular pentagon made of a conducting wire of uniform
cross – section area as shown in figure is:

5μ0 i 72°
(A) [2 sin ]
4πa 2

(B) 0
(C) not zero if current ‘i’ leaves D point instead of E
(D) zero even if the current ‘i’ leaves point D instead of point E
11. In a region magnetic field along x axis changes with time according to the given graph.

If time period, pitch and radius of helic path are T0 , P0 and R respectively then which of the
following is incorrect is the particle is projected at an angle θ0 with the positive x-axis in x-y
plane :
𝑇 𝑃
(A) At 𝑡 = 20, co-ordinates of charge are ( 20 , 0, −2𝑅0 )
3𝑇0 3𝑃0
(B) At 𝑡 = , co-ordinates of charge are ( , 0,2𝑅0 )
2 2

(C) Two extremes from x-axis are at a distance 2𝑅0 from each other
(D) Two extremes from x-axis are at a distance 4𝑅0 from each other
12. A single circular loop of wire with radius 0.02 m carries a current of 8.0 A. It is placed at the
centre of a solenoid that has length 0.65 m, radius 0.080 m and 1300 turns.

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(A) The value of the current in the solenoid so that the magnetic field at the centre of the loop
becomes zero, is equal to 44 Ma
(B) The value of the current in the solenoid so that the magnetic field at the centre of the loop
becomes zero, is equal to 100 mA
(C) The magnitude of the total magnetic field at the centre of the loop (due to both the loop
and the solenoid) if the current in the loop is reversed in direction from that needed to
make the total field equal to zero tesla, is 8p × 10−5 T
(D) The magnitude of the total magnetic field at the centre of the loop (due to both the loop
and the solenoid) if the current in the loop is reversed in direction from that needed to
make the total field equal to zero tesla, is 16π × 10−5 T.
13. Figure shows cross section of two large parallel metal sheets carrying electric currents along
10
their surfaces. The current in each sheet is 𝐴/𝑚along the width. Consider two points A and
𝜋

B, as shown in the figure with their positions.

(A) Magnetic field at A is 4 μTalong x-direction

(B) Magnetic field at A is 4 𝜇𝑇along negative x-direction
(C) Magnetic field at B is zero
(D) Magnetic field at B is 2 μTalong x-direction
14. A ring of radius R has uniformly distributed charge. It spins about its axis with an angular
velocity 𝜔. P is a point on its axis at a distance x from its centre. The velocity of light in vacuum
𝜔𝑅 𝛼
is c. The ratio of the magnetic field to the electric field at P is . Find 𝛼 + 𝛽?
𝑥𝑐 𝛽

15. A long cylindrical conductor whose axis is coincident with the z axis has an internal magnetic
𝜇0 𝐽0 𝑟
field given by 𝐵 = (3𝑎 − 2𝑟) where a is the conductor’s radius.
6𝑎

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𝐽0 𝜋𝑎2
(A) The total current flowing in the conductor is 3
𝜇0 𝐽0 𝜋𝑎2
(B) The magnetic field outside the conductor is 6𝑟

(C) The current density is maximum at the axis of the conductor

(D) The current density is minimum at the axis of the conductor
16. Figure shows a square loop in x-y plane carrying current I present in the magnetic field which
𝐵0 𝑧 𝐵0 𝑦
⃗ =
is given by 𝐵 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ where 𝐵0 is positive constant, which of the following statement(s)
𝐿 𝐿

is/are correct?

B0 IL
(A) Force on side (0, 0) to (0, L) is ( ) î
2

(B) Force on side (0, L) to (L, L) is −B0 ILĵ

(C) Net magnetic force on loop is zero
(D) Force on side (L, 0) to (0, 0) is zero
17. A uniform conducting rectangular loop of sides ℓ, b and mass m carrying current I is hanging
horizontally with the help of two vertical strings. There exists a uniform horizontal magnetic
field B which is parallel to the longer side of loop. Choose the correct option(s).

𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔−2𝑖𝑏𝐵
(A) The value of 𝑇1 = 𝑇2 = (B) The value of 𝑇1 =
2 2
mg+2ibB
(C) The value of T2 = (D) The value of T1 < value of T2
2

18. An insulating ring of radius R, is rolled uniformly along the ceiling of a room with constant
velocity v0 . A charged bead of mass m, charge q is placed over the ring. Entire system is moving
in an uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. The bead moves along with ring without
any contact force from ring. (θ = 90°)
Choose the correct statements:

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(A) The centripetal force on bead from the frame of reference of centre of mass of ring is qv0 B
𝑚𝑔
(B) The magnetic field 𝐵 = 𝑞𝑣
0
mv0
(C) The radius of the ring is R = qB
qv0 B cos θ
(D) The tangential acceleration of bead is m
B y B x
19. A square current carrying coil of edge length L. magnetic field on coil is given by ⃗B = L0 î + L0 ĵ

where B0 is positive constant.

1
(A) Torque on coil is 𝑖𝐿2 𝐵0 𝑖̂ if coil is free to rotate about x-axis
2

(B) Resultant force on coil is zero

⃗⃗ × 𝐵
(C) Equation of torque 𝑀 ⃗ is not valid on coil, where M is magnetic moment of coil
⃗⃗⃗ × B
(D) Equation of torque M ⃗ is valid on coil, where M is magnetic moment of coil
20. There is uniform magnetic field between large parallel plates of a capacitor having separation
d and potential differece V. A charge particle is projected very near to + ve plate parallel to it
with velocity u. Due to magnetic and electric field resultant motion of particle would be helical.

2md2
(A) Time taken by particle to reach at – ve plate is √ qV

md2
(B) Time taken by particle to reach at – ve plate is √ qV

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𝑞𝐵2 𝑑2
(C) Number of revolutions completed by particle just before reaching at – ve plate √ 𝜋2𝑚𝑉

𝑞𝐵2 𝑑2
(D) Number of revolutions completed by particle just before reaching at – ve plate √2𝜋2𝑚𝑉

21. A particle having charge 1 C and mass 1 kg enters a region having uniform magnetic field of
strength ‘2T’ with a speed of 12 m/s, as shown in figure, then the correct statement(s) is/are :

4𝜋
(A) The time for which the charge particle remains in magnetic field is 𝑠
3

(B) The velocity of charge particle becomes parallel to x-axis 6 times during its motion
(C) The distance between the point where the charge particle enters the uniform magnetic
field and the point where it emerges out is 6 m
2π
(D) The deviation of the charge particle when it emerges out of the magnetic field is rad
3

22. A circular disk of radius R with uniform charge density σ rotates with an angular speed ω. Find
the magnetic field at the center of the disk is
μ0 σRω μ0 σRω 3 2
(A) (B) (C) 2 μ0 σRω (D) 3 μ0 σRω
2 3

23. We have two separate long cylindrical wires both having different but uniform current
densities. The radius of one of the wires is twice of the other. The figure shows the graph of
magnetic field (B) with radial distance (r) from their axis. The curved parts of the two graphs
B
are overlapping. Find the ratio (B1 ) is
2

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

24. A wire PQ of mass 10 g is at rest on two parallel metal rails. The separation between the rails is
4.9 cm. A magnetic field of 0.80 tesla is applied perpendicular to the plane of the rails, directed
downwards. The resistance of the circuit is slowly decreased. When the resistance decreases to

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below 20 ohm, the wire PQ begins to slide on the rails. Find the coefficient of friction between
the wire and the rails is

(A) 0.12 (B) 0.52 (C) 0.72 (D) 0.92

25. In a motor, a rotor is fitted with the armature that has current of 10A. The rotor rotates with
angular speed of 3 rad/s. magnetic field of magnitude 2T varies in direction in such a way that
it is always perpendicular to the loop area. If the rotor coil has N number of turns and area of
each loop is 0.45𝑚2 then find the value N. given that motor consumes 2106 W power and there
are no losses.

(A) 58 (B) 68 (C) 78 (D) 88

2
26. A long and thin metallic tube of radius cm carries a current of 4000 A along its length.
√π

Calculate the magnetic pressure on the tube that tries to compress it.
(A) 1000 Pa (B) 2000 Pa (C) 3000 Pa (D) 4000 Pa
27. A group of particles is travelling in a magnetic field of unknown magnitude and direction. It is
observed that a proton moving at 1.5kms −1 in the +x-direction experiences a force of
2.25 × 10−16 Nin the +y-direction, and an electron moving at 4.75kms−1 in the –z-direction
experiences a force of 8.5 × 10−16 N. Then
(A) Magnitude of magnetic field 1.46 T
(B) Magnitude of magnetic field 2.46 T
(C) The magnetic field makes an angel 𝜃 = ±40 with x-axis
(D) The magnetic field makes an angel θ = ±60 with x-axis
28. A spherical shell of radius R, having charge Q rotates with angular velocity ω about an axis
passing through its centre.
2
(A) Magnetic induction of the centre of the shell is 3 𝜇0 𝜎𝑅𝜔
4
(B) The magnetic moment of the shell in terms of σ is 3 (πσR4 ω)

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𝑄
(C) Gyromagnetic ratio is 2𝑚
2𝑄
(D) Gyromagnetic ratio is 𝑚

29. A cylindrical uniform rod of mass 0.72 kg and radius 6cm rest on two parallel rails, that are d =
50cm apart. The rod carries a current I = 48A (In the direction shown) and rolls along the rails
without slipping. If it starts from rest, uniform magnetic field of magnitudes 0.25 T is directed
perpendciualr to the rod and the rail, then find the friction force (In N) between rod and rails

30. Consider a perfectly conducting disc of radius 𝑟0 in a constant magnetic field B perpendicular to
the plane of the disk sliding contacts are provided at the edge of the disc (𝐶1 ) and its axle (𝐶2 ).
After long time angular velocity will become constant and becomes equal to 𝜔 & current in
resistance is i, then

Bωr20 Bωr20 4MgR 2MgR

(A) i = (B) i = (C) ω = B2 r3 (D) ω = B2 r3
R 2R o o

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EXERCISE – 5
1. A long, thick straight conductor of radius R carries current I uniformly distributed in its cross-
section area. The ratio of energy density of the magnetic field at distance R/2 from surface
9
inside the conductor and outside the conductor is 4𝑛. Find n?

2. A particle of positive charge q and mass m enters with velocity V 𝑗̂ at the origin in a magnetic
field 𝐵(−𝑘̂) which is present in the whole space. The charge makes a perfectly inelastic collision
with identical particle at rest but free to move at its maximum y-coordinate. After collision the
𝑚𝑣
combined charge will move on trajectory: (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑟 = )
𝑞𝐵

mv r 2 r2
(A) y = (−î) (B) (x + r)2 + (y − 2) =
qB 4

r 2 r2
(C) (x − r)2 + (y − r)2 = r 2 (D) (x − r)2 + (y + 2) = 4

3. As shown in the figure, three sided frame is pivoted at P and Q and hangs vertically. Its sides are
of same length and have a linear density of √3𝑘𝑔/𝑚. A current of 10√3 amp is sent through the
frame, which is in a uniform magnetic field of 2T directed upwards as shown. Then angle
through which the frame will be deflected in equilibrium is :
(Take g = 10m/s 2 )

(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 90°

4. A circular beam of charge of radius a consists of electrons moving with a constant speed u along
the +z direction. The beam’s axis is coincident with the z-axis and the electron charge density
is given by ρ = cr 2 (C/m3 ) where c is a constant and r is the radial distance from the axis of the
beam:
(A) The current crossing the xy-plane is πcua4
(B) The electric field at distance r (r < a) from z axis is proportional to 𝑟 3
(C) The magnetic field at distance r (r < a) from z axis is proportional to r 3
(D) The electric field at distance r (r < a) from z axis is inversely proportional to r.
5. Rod AB, BC, CD and DA form a square loop having current i, mass and length of each rod is m and
𝓵 respectively, is situated in a uniform magnetic field B as shown in the figure and it can rotate
about axis 𝑃1 𝑃2 then:

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3 Bi
(A) Angular acceleration of the square loop at t = 0, is 2 m

3iB
(B) Angular velocity when square loop rotated by 30°, is √2m

iBℓ2
(C) Torque on the loop when it rotated by 60°, is 2

(D) Angular acceleration of the square loop when it is rotated from starting to 90°, decreases
6. In a uniform magnetic field there are two charged particles 1 and 2 moving with velocities v1
and v2 respectively and carrying equal charges and equal mass with |v1 | = |v2 | = v. The
velocity of one particle forms an angle α1 with the direction of the field, while the other velocity
forms an angle α2 , (α1 > α2 ). Mark the correct statement(s).

(A) Both the particles move along helical path

(B) Time period of circulation is same for both the particles
(C) Pitch of particle 1 is greater than that of particle 2
(D) Radius of helix is greater for particle 1
7. ⃗ = 10𝑘̂𝑇 from
A charged particle is projected with initial velocity in x-y plane in a magnetic field 𝐵
the origin. The particle moves in a circle and just touches a straight line 𝑦 = 5(𝑚) at 𝑥 = 5√3(𝑚).
Then (mass of particle = 5 × 10−5 𝑘𝑔, charge = 1𝜇𝐶):
(A) The particle is projected at an angle 60° with x-axis
(B) The radius of the circle is 10m
(C) The speed of the particle is 2 m/s
(D) The speed of the particle is 5√3m/s
8. Shown below are essentials of a commercial mass spectrometer. This device is used to measure
the composition of gas samples, by measuring the abundance of species of different masses. An
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iron of mass m and charge q = +e is produced in source S, a chamber in which a gas discharge
is taking place. The initially stationary ion leaves S, accelerated by a potential difference ΔV >
⃗ 1,
0, and then enters a selector chamber, S1, in which there is an adjustable magnetic field B
pointing out of the page and a deflecting electric field ⃗E, pointing from positive to negative plate.
Only particles of a uniform velocity v
⃗ 1 leave the selector. The emerging particles at S2 , enter a
⃗ 2 , also pointing out of the page. The particle then moves in a semicircle,
second magnetic field B
striking an electronic sensor at a distance x from the entry slit:

eB22 x2
(A) The mass of the particle is 8ΔV
eB22 x2
(B) The mass of the particle is 4ΔV

(C) The magnetic field in the selector chamber that is needed to ensure that the particle travels
ExB2
straight through is 2ΔV

(D) The magnetic field the selector chamber that is needed to ensure that the particle travels
ExB2
straight through is 4ΔV

9. An infinite uniform current carrying wire is kept along z-axis, carrying current I0 in the
direction of the positive z-axis. OABCDEFG represents a circle (where all the points are equally
spaced), whose centre at point (4m, 0m) and radius 4m as shown in the figure. If
μ I
∫DEF ⃗B ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dℓ = 0k 0 in S.I. unit, then find the value of k.

(A) 2 (B) 4 (B) 6 (D) 8

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10. A long, cylindrical conductor of radius R has two cylindrical cavities of diameter R running
parallel to its axis as shown in figure. The conductor carries a uniform current density J. The
𝛼
field strength B at position 𝑄(𝑥 = 2𝑅) along the x-axis is 68 𝜇0 𝐽𝑅 then find 𝛼.

2
R
Q
x

R 1
3

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12

11. The current density inside a long solid cylindrical wire of radius a is in the direction of the
𝑟
central axis and varies linearly with radial distance r from the axis according to 𝐽 = 𝐽0 𝑎. Then

find the magnetic field inside wire is

μ0 J0 r2 μ0 J0 r2 μ0 J0 r2 μ0 J0 r2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a 2a 3a 4a

12. Two semicircular ring of same radius (R) having currents 𝑖1 and 𝑖2 are kept parallel to each
other in y-z plane as shown in the figure. Centre of first ring is kept at x = 0 and that of second
7 4𝑅
ring is kept at 𝑥 = 12 𝑅. Find the magnetic field at point 𝑃 (𝑥 = ) along the x-axis is
3

7
x= R
i1 R0 12
O1 P
x
x=0 O2 i2 4R
R0 x=
3

μ i 3μ0 i1 7μ0 i1 9μ0 i1

(A) 20R
0 1
(B) (C) (D)
20R 20R 20R

13. Infinite semi-circular wires are placed out from a single wire in a continuous fashion as shown
in the figure. The radii of the semi-circles increases as R n = αn−1 R1 where R n is the radius of
the nth semicircle and α is constant greater than 1. The semicircle are concentric. Find the net
magnetic field at the centre is

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I

3
2
1
R1

μ i α μ i α μ i α μ i α
(A) 2R0 [1−α] (B) 2R0 [1+α] (C) 4R0 [1+α] (D) 4R0 [1−α]
1 1 1 1

14. Find the magnetic field due to current i flowing in an elliptical loop at it’s focus. The equation
ℓ
of ellipse (in polar coordinates as shown) is r = (1 + e cos θ). Here e is eccentricity which is a

constant. Take ℓ = 50cm, e = 0.8, i = 2A,

r

F

(A) 2π × 10−7 T (B) 8π × 10−7 T (C) 4π × 10−7 T (D) 6π × 10−7 T

L
15. A non-conducting non-magnetic rod having square cross-section of side 4 is suspended from a

rigid support as shown in the figure. A light and small coil of 600 turns is wrapped tightly at the
left end of the rod where uniform magnetic field B exists in vertically downward direction. Air
of density ρ hits the half of the right part of the rod with velocity v as shown in the figure. What
should be the current in the coil so that rod remains horizontal?
[Assume air particles come to rest after colliding with the rod]
air
v

L/4
O
L/4
B
L L/2 L/2

[𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒: 𝜌 = 1.05𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝑣 = 10𝑚/𝑠, 𝐵 = 1𝑇, 𝐿 = 2𝑚]

(A) 105 mA (B) 225 mA (C) 345 mA (D) 525 mA
16. Metal rod with a mass m = 10 g, and length L = 0.2m is suspended by two light wires length
ℓ = 1cm in a magnetic field induction B = 1 T which is directed vertically downwards (Figure).
A capacitor of capacitance C = 100μF charged to a voltage of 100 V is connected as shown.
Determine the maximum deflection of the rod from the initial position after the switch is closed.
Resistance of wire and rod is not taken into account.

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B
L

(A) 37° (B) 45° (C) 53° (D) 60°

17. A charged particle is projected at a speed v = 106 m/s perpendicular to the boundary OX of two
homogeneous magnetic fields (Figure). Magnetic fields are parallel to each other and
perpendicular to the particle velocity. The average speed of particles along the interface
106
between the fields u = m/s. If the average velocity of the particle is along positive x
π

direction, what is the value of B2 if B1 is 1 T?

B1
x
O
B2

(A) 3 T (B) 6 T (C) 9 T (D) 12 T

18. Figure shows circular region of radius 𝑅 = √3𝑚 in which upper half has uniform magnetic field
⃗ = 0.2(−𝑘̂)𝑇 and lower half has uniform magnetic field 𝐵
𝐵 ⃗ = 0.2𝑘̂𝑇. A very thin parallel beam

of point charges each having mass m = 2gm, speed v = 0.3 m/sec and charge q = +1 mC are
projected along the diameter as shown in figure. A screen is placed perpendicular to initial
velocity of charges as shown. Find the distance between the points on screen where charges
will strikes after being deflected by the magnetic field is


   
   
     R
Screen
R

(A) 4 m (B) 8 m (C) 12 m (D) 16 m

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19. A charge particle of mass ‘m’ and charge -q is released from rest from the given position. In the
presence and absense of uniform horizontal magnetic field normal reaction acting on the
charge at point P are 𝑁1 and 𝑁2 respectively. Neglect friction. Find the value of 𝑁1 − 𝑁2 is
m
      
     R
 B  

P
Hemispherical surface

(A) 𝐵𝑞 √2𝑔𝑅 (B) 𝐵𝑞 √3𝑔𝑅 (C) 2𝐵𝑞 √𝑔𝑅 (D) 𝐵𝑞 √𝑔𝑅

20. A small ball of mass m carrying positive charge +Q is dropped in uniform horizontal magnetic
nm2 g
field B. The vertical depth of the deepest point of its path from initial position is Q2 B2 . Find n.

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

𝑅
21. A horizontal tube of small thickness having inner radius 𝑟 = is placed in gravity free space.
2

Magnetic field of strength B is present perpendicular to plane of circular tube. A charged

𝑞𝐵𝑅
particle (q, m) inside the tube is given tangential velocity 𝜈0 = . Find the work done by
𝑚

friction long after motion is [inner surface of tube is rough]

          
 v0         

          

      r    
          
          
          

q2 B2 R2 2q2 B2 R2 3q2 B2 R2 4q2 B2 R2

(A) − (B) − (C) − (D) −
8m 8m 8m 8m

22. A neutral atom of atomic mass number 100 which is stationary at the origin in gravity free space
emits an 𝛼 -particle (a) in z-direction. The product ion is P. A uniform magnetic field exists in
the x-direction. Disregard the electromagnetic interaction between A and P. if the angle of
𝑛𝜋
rotation of A after which A and P will meet for the first time is radians, what is the value of
25

n?
(A) 12 (B) 24 (C) 36 (D) 48

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23. A particle of charge +q enters a region of uniform magnetic field B (directed into the plane of
paper) as shown in the figure. Particle is deflected by distance d along Y axis after travelling a
distance of along X-axis. Find magnitude of linear momentum of particle in newton-sec.
(Given: a = 3m, d = 4m, Bq = 0.32 C-tesla)

Y
B

d
X
a

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

24. A particle of mass 𝑚 = 1.6 × 10−27 𝑘𝑔and charge 𝑞 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶enters a region of uniform
magnetic field of strength 1T along the direction shown in figure. The speed of the particle is
107 𝑚𝑠 −1


   
F    
   
   
E    
45    

(A) The magnetic field is directed along the inward normal to the plane of the paper. The particle
leaves the region of the field at the point F. The distance EF and the angle 𝜃are 0.28m and 60°
respectively.
(B) The magnetic field is directed along the inward normal to the plane of the paper. The particle
leaves the region of the field at the point F. The distance EF and the angle 𝜃are 0.14m and 45°
respectively.
(C) If the direction of the field is along the outward normal to the plane of the paper, the time spent by
the particle in the region of the magnetic field after entering it at E is 27 ns
(D) If the direction of the field is along the outward normal to the plane of the paper, the time spent by
the particle in the region of the magnetic field after entering it at E is 47 ns
25. A disc of radius R rotates with angular velocity ω about an axis perpendicular to its surface passing
through centre. Assuming the surface charge density σvaries with r as σ = αr 2 , where r is the

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distance from its centre, find the magnetic induction on the axis of rotation at a point at distance
x from the centre.
3/2
μ0 αω (R2 +x2 ) x4 8
(A) ( − 2x 2 (R2 + x 2 )1/2 + (R2+x2)1/2 + 3 x 3 )
2 3

3/2
μ0 αω (R2 +x2 ) x4 8
(B) ( + 2x 2 (R2 + x 2 )1/2 − (R2+x2)1/2 + 3 x 3 )
2 3

3/2
μ0 αω (R2 +x2 ) x4 8
(C) ( − 2x 2 (R2 + x 2 )1/2 − (R2+x2)1/2 + 3 x 3 )s
2 3

3/2
μ0 αω (R2 +x2 ) x4 8
(D) ( − 2x 2 (R2 + x 2 )1/2 − (R2+x2)1/2 − 3 x 3 )
2 3

26. A thin copper bar of length ℓis supported horizontally by two (non-magnetic) contacts. The bar
carries current I1 in the –x direction, as shown in figure. At a distance h below one end of the bar, a
long straight wire carries a current I2 in the z-direction. Determine the magnetic force exerted on
the bar.

I2
y

h I1 x
z

𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 ℎ2 +ℓ2 𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 ℎ2 +ℓ2
(A) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( ) (−𝑘̂) (B) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( ) (−𝑘̂)
𝜋 ℎ2 2𝜋 ℎ2
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 ℎ2 +ℓ2 𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 ℎ2 +ℓ2
(C) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( ) (−𝑘̂) (D) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( ) (−𝑘̂)
3𝜋 ℎ2 4𝜋 ℎ2
𝐵0 𝑥
27. ⃗ =−
Magnetic field in a space is given as 𝐵 𝑘̂. A circular ring of radius R having current I lies
𝑅

in the space with centre at origin as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude of net magnetic
force acting on the circular ring due to the magnetic field.
y

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(A) 2iB0 R (B) πiB0 R (C) 2πiB0 R (D) zero
28. A charge particle is moving with a velocity 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂m/sec and it has electric field 𝐸⃗ = 100𝑘̂ N/C
at a given point. Find the magnitude of magnetic field at the same point due to the motion of the
charge particle.
(A) 100μ0 ε0 (B) 25μ0 ε0 (C) 12.5μ0 ε0 (D) 50μ0 ε0
29. A particle having specific charge 𝜎 is projected in xy plane with a speed v. There exists a uniform
magnetic field in z-direction having a fixed magnitude 𝐵0. The field is made to reverse its
2π
direction after every interval of . Calculate the maximum separation (in m) between two
σB0
𝑣
positions of the particle during its course of motion. (given = 2 metre) (neglect any other
σB0

force including gravity throughout the motion)

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Proficiency Test-1
1. A particle is moving with velocity v
⃗ = î + 3ĵ and it produces an electric field at a point given by
⃗E = 2k̂. It will produce magnetic field at that point equal to:
(all quantities are in S.I. units)
2𝑖−6𝑗 6𝑖̂+2𝑗̂
(A) (B) (C) zero (D) 𝜇𝜀0 (6𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂)
𝑐2 𝑐2

2. Two observers moving with different velocities see that a point charge produces same magnetic
field at the same point A. Their relative velocity must be parallel to 𝑟, where 𝑟 is the position
vector of point A with respect to point charge. This statement is :
(A) True
(B) False
(C) nothing can be said
(D) true only if the charge is moving perpendicular to the 𝑟
𝛼 𝜇 𝐼
3. If the magnetic field at ‘P’ can be writted as K 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 2 ) then K is 𝑛𝜋𝑑
0
. Find n?
y
i

P 
x

d
z i

4. A long straight wire, carrying current I, is bent at its midpoint to form an angle of 45°. Magnetic
𝜇0 𝐼
field at point P, distance R from point of bending is equal to (√𝑛 − 1). Find n?
4𝜋

P I
45
R
I

5. Figure shows an ampeian path ABCDA. Part ABC is in vertical plane PSTU while part CDA is in
horizontal plane PQRS. Direction of circumlation along the path is shown by an arrow near
⃗ for this path according to Ampere’s law will be :
⃗ ⋅ dℓ
point B and at D. ∮ B

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T

i2

B A S
i1 B

i1
i3
C D
P Q
i3 i2

(A) (𝑖1 − 𝑖2 + 𝑖3 )𝜇0 (B) (−𝑖1 + 𝑖2 )𝜇0 (C) 𝑖3 𝜇0 (D) (𝑖1 + 𝑖2 )𝜇0
6. The negatively and uniformly charged nonconducting disc as shown, is rotated clockwise. The
direction of the magnetic field at point A in the plane of the disc is :

(A) into the page (B) out of the page (C) up the page (D) down the page
7. A coaxial cable is made up of two conductors. The inner conductor is solid and is of radius 𝑅1
and the outer conductor is hollow of inner radius 𝑅2 and outer radius 𝑅3 . The space between
the conductors is filled with air. The inner and outer conductors are carrying currents of equal
magnitudes and in opposite directions. Then the variation of magnetic field with distance from
the axis is best plotted as :

R1

R2

R3

B B
(A) (B)

r r
R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

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B B
(C) (D)

r r
R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

8. A cylindrical wire of radius R is carrying current i uniformly distributed over its cross-section.
If a circular loop of radius ‘r’ is taken as amperian loop, then the variation value of ∮ 𝐵 ⋅ 𝑑ℓ over
this loop with radius ‘r’ of loop will be best represented by :

(A)  Bd (B)  Bd

R r
R r

(C)  Bd (D)  Bd

R r R r

9. Two charges +𝑞 and −𝑞 are attached to the two ends of a light rod of length L, as shown in
⃗ perpendicular to magnetic field 𝐵
figure. The system is given a velocity 𝑉 ⃗ . The magnetic force
on the system of charges and magnitude of force on one charge by the rod, are respectively :
(A) zero, zero (B) zero, qvB (C) 2 qvB, 0 (D) 2 qvB, qvB
10. Two infinite sheets carrying current in same direction (of equal current per unit length K) are
separated by a distance ‘d’. A proton is released from a point between the plates with a velocity
parallel to the sheets but perpendicular to the direction of current in the sheets. Then the path
of the proton is :

      
P V

       i

(A) circle (B) helix (C) straight line

(D) straight line only if it is released from a point exactly midway between the two plates
11. In the figure shown a current I1 is established in the long straight wire AB. Another wire CD
carrying current I2 is placed in the plane of the paper. The line joining the ends of this wire is
perpendicular to the wire AB. The resultant force on the wire CD is :

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B
y

I2
I1 x
C D

(A) zero (B) towards negative x-axis

(C) towards positive y-axis (D) None of the above
12. ⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ exists in region of space. A semi-circular wire of
A uniform magnetic field 𝐵
radius
1 m carrying current 1 A having its centre at (2, 2, 0) is placed in x-y plane as shown in figure.
The force on semi-circular wire will be:
y

1m
(2, 2)

45
x

(A) √2(î + ĵ + k̂) (B) √2(î − ĵ + k̂) (C) √2(î + ĵ − k̂) (D) √2(−î + ĵ + k̂)
13. A current carrying rod AB is placed perpendicular to an infinitely long current carrying wire as
shown in the figure. The point at which the conductor should be hinged so that it will not rotate.

A C B

(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) somewhere between A

and C
14. A space has magnetic field in which the lines of induction are as shown in the figure:

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D

A B C

(A) The magnetic induction at B is greater than the magnetic induction at C.

(B) An electron placed at B experiences a larger force at B than that at C.
(C) An electron shot with a velocity towards D, perpendicular to the lines of induction at B in
the plane of the figure will emerge from its opposite corner.
(D) An electron shot with a velocity along the line ABC will continue to be moving in the same
direction.
15. Two long conducting wires carrying equal currents are placed parallel to the z-axis. A charged
particle is made to move in a circular path of radius a with centre of the path at point (0, 2a) in
clockwise direction. During the course of moiton, it passes through four points P, Q, R and S
having coordinates (0, 𝑎), (−𝑎, 2𝑎), (0,3𝑎) and (𝑎, 2𝑎) respectively. The magnitude of force
exerted on the particle by the magnetic field created by the wires is maximum when it passes
through point.
y

(0, 2a)

  x
( −a, 0 ) 0 ( a, 0 )

(A) P (B) Q (C) R (D) S

16. The magnetic dipole moment of a uniformly charged lamina is shape of equilateral triagnle of
side a is M, when rotated about axis AB with uniform 𝜔 (see figure). If a hexagonal lamina of
side a and having same charge density is rotated about axis 𝐴′𝐵′ (with same angular speed 𝜔).
Find the dipole moment generated is

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A a A'

a a

a a
a a
a a
B B'

(A) 10μ (B) 20μ (C) 30μ (D) 40μ

17. A particle having charge 𝑞 = 10𝜇𝐶moves in uniform magnetic field with velocity
𝜈1 = 106 𝑚𝑠 −1 at angle 45°with x-axis in the x-y plane and experiences a force 𝐹1 = 5√2𝑚𝑁along
the negative z-axis. When the same particle moves with velocity 𝜈2 = 106 𝑚𝑠 −1 along the z-axis it
experiences a force 𝐹2 in y direction.
(A) The magnetic field is (10−3 T)î (B) The magnetic field is (10−3 T)(−î)
(C) The magnitude of the force 𝐹2 is 102 𝑁 (D) The magnitude of the force 𝐹2 is 10−2 𝑁

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(Physics) MEGNETICS
Proficiency Test-2
1. A current carrying wire is placed in the grooves of an insulating semi circular disc of radius ‘R’,
𝜇 𝑖
as shown. The current enters at point A and leaves from point B. The magnetic field at point D is 4𝜋𝑅0 𝑛.
√

Find n?
B A

i i
30
30
D
C
R

2. The magnitude of magnetic field at O (centre of the circular part) of the current carrying coil as
shown is :
b

b
i
/2
O
a

𝜇0 𝑖 3𝜋 √2 𝜇0 𝑖 3𝜋 √2 𝜇0 𝑖 𝜋 3 𝜇0 𝑖 3𝜋 √2
(A) ( + ) (B) ( + ) (C) ( + ) (D) ( + )
4𝜋 𝑎 𝑏 2𝜋 2𝑎 𝑏 2𝜋 3𝑎 √2𝑏 4𝜋 2𝑎 𝑏

3. A charge particle moves in the magnetic field generated by a straight, long wire carrying
constant current. It is projected with some velocity whose direction is readially away from the
wire. Its radius of curvature :
(A) will continuously increase
(B) will continuously decrease
(C) will first increase for some time and then decrease
(D) will first decrease for some time and then increase
4. In the figure shown, a charged particle of mass 2 g and charge 5μC enters a circular region of
radius 10 cm, in which there is a uniform magnetic field of strength 4 T and directed
perpendicular to the plane of circular region in the figure. If the particle velocity vector rotates
through 90° angle in passing through this region, then its speed (in mm/s) is :

B

C

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5. A long horizontal wire carries a current of 10 A. A charged particle of mass 1 mg moves parallel
to the wire with a constant velocity of magnitude 10 m/s. The distance of the charge from the
wire is 1 cm. The magnitude of the charge (in mC) is :
6. A parabolic wire as shown in the figure is located in x-y plane and carries a current I = 10 amp.
A uniform magnetic field of intensity 2√2T, making an angle of 45° with x-axis exists throughout
the plane. If the co-ordinates of end point ‘P’ of wire are (2 m, 1.5 m), then the total force acting
on the wire is :
y

P
1.5 m
B=2 2T

I
45
x
2m

(A) 40𝑁𝑘̂ (B) 10𝑁𝑘̂ (C) −10𝑁𝑘̂ (D) −40𝑁𝑘̂

7. A large plate with uniform surface charge density σis moving with constant speed v as shown
in the figure. The magnetic field at a small distance from plate is:


𝜇0 𝜎𝑣
(A) 𝜇0 𝜎𝑣in magnitude (B) in magnitude
2

(C) perpendicular to plate (D) parallel to plate

8. Four particle A, B, C and D of masses 𝑚𝐴 , 𝑚𝐵 , 𝑚𝐶 and 𝑚𝐷 respectively, follow the paths shown
in the figure, in a uniform magnetic field. Each particle moving with same speed. 𝑄𝐴 , 𝑄𝐵 , 𝑄𝐶 and
𝑄𝐷 are the specific charge of particles A, B, C and D respectively:
     
Constant
     
Magnetic
     
Field
    R   
     
A
   2R   B  
C
     
      R
     
       D

(A) 𝑄𝐴 < 𝑄𝐵 < 𝑄𝐶 < 𝑄𝐷

(B) 𝑄𝐷 < 𝑄𝐵 < 𝑄𝐶 < 𝑄𝐴
(C) Charge on the particle B and particle D is of different nature
(D) Work done by magnetic force on the particle C is minimum as compared to other particle
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(Physics) MEGNETICS
9. A cylindrical wire is rolling on rough inclined plane. There exist a magnetic field along the plane
as shown. At a certain instant, when its angular veloicty is ω, a current I is switched on across
the length of cylinder is such a way that its angular velocity becomes constant. Find the correct
statement(s).

(A) Translational velocity will also become constant

(B) Normal reaction will become zero
(C) Friction force will become zero
(D) Force on the cylinder due to magnetic field will be mg cos θ
10. A current of I = √2A flows in a circuit having the shape of an isosceles trapezium. If magnetic
field at point O in the plane of trapezium is 2 × 10−6 T and if length of smaller base of trapezium
is ℓ = 100mm and distance h = 50mm as shown then find ratio of length of parallel sides of
trapezium.

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

11. A rod of length ℓand total charge ‘q’ which is uniformly distributed is rotating with angular
velocity ω about an axis passing through the centre of rod and perpendicular to rod. Find the
magnitude of magnetic dipole moment of rod. (Take: q = 4C, ω = 6rad/s and ℓ = 2m)
(A) 2𝐴𝑚2 (B) 4𝐴𝑚2 (C) 6𝐴𝑚2 (D) 8𝐴𝑚2
12. Find the value of magnetic dipole moment of the following circuit the current distribution is
shown in the diagram.
2m

i i/2 i = 1A
2m

i/2

(A) 1𝐴𝑚2 (B) 2𝐴𝑚2 (C) 3𝐴𝑚2 (D) 4𝐴𝑚2

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Proficiency Test-3
1. A charged particle of unit mass and unit charge at some instant has velocity 𝑣 = (8𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂)𝑚𝑠 −1
⃗ = (2𝑘̂) tesla. (Neglect all other forces). Choose the correct option(s).
in magnetic field 𝐵
(A) The path of particle may be x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 21 = 0
(B) The path of particle may be 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25
(C) The path of particle may be y 2 + z 2 = 25
(D) Time period of particle will be 3.14 sec
2. In zero gravity region, a point charge +Q of mass M is connected to a spring of natural length L0
and spring constant k. A uniform magnetic field B is directed inside the plane of paper. The point
charge is given an initial velocity v0 perpendicular to the length of spring as shown. It is given
Mv0
that B = . Then which of the following quantities remain(s) conserved during the motion of
QL0

particle?
v0
B

k
O +Q, M

L0

(A) Kinetic energy (B) Potential energy

(C) Total energy of system (D) Angular momentum of particle about O
3. A long thick wire has an inner radius a, an outer radius b. The total current circulating inside
the wire is I; this current is uniformly distributed over the cross-section. Find the magnetic field
at a distance r from the axis of wire,
(a = 1cm, b = 2cm, I = 5.5A, r = 1.1cm)
(A) 2μT (B) 4μT (C) 5μT (D) 7μT
4. A conducting ring of mass m and radius r has a weightless conducting rod PQ of length 2r and
resistance 2R attached to it along its diameter. It is pivoted at its centre C with its plane vertical,
and two blocks of mass m and 2m are suspended by means of a light in-extensible string passing
over it as shown in the figure. The ring is free to rotated about C and the system is placed in a
magnetic field B (into the plane of the ring). A circuit is now completed by connecting the ring
at A and C to a battery of emf V. Find the value of V so that the system remains static. Take B =
0.1 T, m = 10 gm, r = 0.5 m, R = 1Ω.

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 A 
 P 
  V

  +
  
C 
 

Q

m 2m

(A) 1 V (B) 2 V (C) 3 V (D) 4 V

5. A current carrying uniform square frame is suspended from hinged supports as shown in the
figure such that it can freely rotates about its upper side. The length and mass of each side of
the frame is 2m and 4kg respectivley. A uniform magnetic field ⃗B = (3î + 4ĵ) is applied. When
the wire frame is rotated to 45°from vertical and released it remains in equilibrium. Find the
magnitude of current in the wire frame is

(A) 5 A (B) 10 A (C) 15 A (D) 20 A

6. A beam of equally charged particles after being accelerated through a voltage V enters into a
magnetic field ‘B’ as shown in the figure. It is found that all the particles hit the plane between
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥
C and D. Find . Where 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = the mass of the heaviest particle and 𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑛 = the mass of
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑛

lightest particles of the beam. (given 𝐵 = 4 × 10−3 tesla, V = 5 volt, ℓ = 20𝑐𝑚 and d = 5 cm)
   
   
A    
   
   
   
O    
   
d C
   
D    
   
   

5 4 25
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 16 (D)

7. A small body of mass m, having a positive charge q begins to slide from the top of a smooth fixed
half-cylinder of radius R = 10m. At what height, measured from the base of the half-cylinder, the

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body detaches itself from cylinder? Movement occurs in a uniform magnetic field B directed
m g
perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and the observer. Take B = 2q √R.

q, m
+
B
R

(A) 20 m (B) 15 m (C) 10 m (D) 5 m

1
8. A non-conducting rod of length 2m is higned at one end and a charge of Cis distributed
10

uniformly over it. At t = 0, it is released from the position shown. There exist a uniform magnetic
field of √15T inside the plane of motion of rod. If mass of rod is 100g, then find the value of
π
hinge force when rod is rotated by 2 due to gravity.

 released at t = 0
B
(A) 2 N (B) 4 N (C) 6 N (D) 8 N
9. A particle of charge q and mass m is projected from origin with velocity 𝜈 = 𝜈0 (𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ )in a uniform

magnetic field 𝐵 = −𝐵0 𝑘̂.

qB0 t qB0 t
(A) The velocity of the particle as a function of time is V(t) = V0 cos ( ) î + V0 sin ( ) ĵ − V0 k̂
m m
𝑞𝐵0 𝑡 𝑞𝐵0 𝑡
(B) The velocity of the particle as a function of time is 𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑉0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) 𝑖̂ − 𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑗̂ + 𝑉0 𝑘̂
𝑚 𝑚
ν qB0 t qB0 t
(C) The position of the particle as function of time is r(t) = B 0α [sin ( ) î + {1 − cos ( )} ĵ] − ν0 tk̂
0 m m
ν qB0 t qB0 t
(D) The position of the particle as function of time is r(t) = B 0α [sin ( ) î + {1 − cos ( )} ĵ] + ν0 tk̂
0 m m

10. A conducting wire of lenth ℓis placed on a rough horizontal surface, where a uniform horizontal
magnetic field B perpendicular to the length of the wire exists. Least values of the forces requied
to move the rod when a current I is established in the rod are observed to be F1 and F2 (< F1 ) for
the two possible directions of the current through the rod respectively.
F +F
(A) The weight of the rod is BIℓ (F1 −F2)
1 2

F −F
(B) The weight of the rod is BIℓ (F1 +F2)
1 2

𝐹1 −𝐹2
(C) The coefficient of friction between the rod and the surface is 2𝐵𝐼ℓ
𝐹1 +𝐹2
(D) The coefficient of friction between the rod and the surface is 2𝐵𝐼ℓ

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11. A straight segment OC (of length L) of a circuit carrying a current I is placed along the x-axis. Two
infinitely long straight wires A and B, each extending from z = −∞ to +∞, are fixed at y = −a and
y = +a respectively, as shown in the figure. If the wires A and B each carry a current I into the
plane of the paper, obtain the expression for the force acting on the segment OC. What will be the
force on OC if the current in the wire B is reversed?
y

B

I C
O x
L

z A

μ0 I2 x2 −a2 μ0 I2 x2 +a2
(A) F = log e ( ) (−k̂) (B) F = log e ( ) (−k̂)
2π a2 2π a2
μ0 I2 x2 +a2 μ0 I2 x2 −a2
(C) F = log e ( ) (−k̂) (D) F = log e ( ) (−k̂)
π a2 π a2

12. A particle of charge per unit mass α is released from origin with velocity ⃗V = vo i in a magnetic field.

̂ for x ≤ √3 vo and B
⃗ =-Bo K
B ⃗ = 0 for x > √3 vo and B
⃗ = 0 for x > √3 vo The x-coordinate of the
2 B α o 2 B α o 2 B α o

π
particle at time t > (3B α) would be
o

√3 vo √3 π √3 vo π
(A) + v (t − B α) (B) + vo (t − 3B α)
2 Bo α 2 o o 2 Bo α o

√3 vo vo π √3 vo vo t
(C) + (t − 3B α) (D) +
2 Bo α 2 o 2 Bo α 2

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EXERCISE- 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
25 A A D 4 C B B C D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C A CD B ABC B A A B 11

EXERCISE- 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A 6 B A D C C B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B B D B C A A A AC ABC
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
AD CD ABC ABC AD BD AB D

EXERCISE- 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C C 5 C A 4 A A A C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A D B C C A A A A A
21 22 23 24 25 26
ABC BCD A A B AC

EXERCISE- 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 8 C C D A 4 D BC BD
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C BD AC 4 AC ABD BCD ABC ABC AD
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ABD A A A C B AC ABC 00002.00 BC

EXERCISE- 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 B B BC ABCD ABD ABC AD D C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B C B D A A C A B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
C D A BD C D B D 8

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Proficiency Test-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D A 2 2 D A C B B C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
D B D ACD BD C AD

Proficiency Test-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 D C 1 5 B BD C BCD B
11 12
B D

Proficiency Test-3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ABD ABCD D B B C D B AC AC
11 12
B C

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