BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO

7096:2008
Incorporating
corrigendum
May 2009

Earth-moving
machinery —
Laboratory evaluation
of operator seat
vibration

ICS 13.160; 53.100

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

BS EN ISO 7096:2008

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 7096:2008,

incorporating corrigendum May 2009. It is identical to ISO 7096:2000. It
supersedes BS EN ISO 7096:2000 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International).
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained
on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

was published under the
authority of the Standards
Policy and Strategy Date Comments
Committee on 31 January
2009
31 March 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum May 2009;
Annex ZA deleted
© BSI 2010

ISBN 978 0 580 68022 9

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 7096
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2008

Incorporating corrigendum May 2009

ICS 53.100; 13.160 Supersedes EN ISO 7096:2000

English Version

Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluation of operator seat

vibration (ISO 7096:2000)

Engins de terrassement - Évaluation en laboratoire des Erdbaumaschinen - Laborverfahren zur Bewertung der
vibrations transmises à l'opérateur par le siège (ISO Schwingungen des Maschinenführersitzes (ISO 7096:2000)
7096:2000)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 7096:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Foreword
The text of ISO 7096:2000 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127 “Earth-moving machinery”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 7096:2008 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by December 2009.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN ISO 7096:2000.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 7096:2000 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 7096:2008 without any modification.

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 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive Machinery 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements 1.5.9 and 3.2.2 of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.

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EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Annex ZB
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements 1.1.8 and 1.5.9 of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.

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 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard ISO 7096 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7096:1994), which has been technically revised.

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii

BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Introduction
The operators of earth-moving machinery are often exposed to a low frequency vibration environment partly
caused by the movement of the vehicles over uneven ground and the tasks carried out. The seat constitutes the
last stage of suspension before the driver. To be efficient at attenuating the vibration, the suspension seat should
be chosen according to the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle. The design of the seat and its suspension are a
compromise between the requirements of reducing the effect of vibration and shock on the operator and providing
him with stable support so that he can control the machine effectively.

Thus, seat vibration attenuation is a compromise of a number of factors and the selection of seat vibration
parameters needs to be taken in context with the other requirements for the seat.

The performance criteria provided in this International Standard have been set in accordance with what is
attainable using what is at present the best design practice. They do not necessarily ensure the complete
protection of the operator against the effects of vibration and shock. They may be revised in the light of future
developments and improvements in suspension design.

The test inputs included in this International Standard are based on a very large number of measurements taken in
situ on earth-moving machinery used under severe but typical operating conditions. The test methods are based on
ISO 10326-1, which is a general method applicable to seats for different types of vehicles.

iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of

operator seat vibration

1 Scope
1.1 This International Standard specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326-1, a laboratory method for measuring
and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to
the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria
for application to seats on different machines.

1.2 This International Standard is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in
ISO 6165.

1.3 This International Standard defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving
machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics:

¾ rigid frame dumpers > 4 500 kg operating mass1

¾ articulated frame dumpers

¾ scrapers without axle or frame suspension2

)
¾ wheel-loaders > 4 500 kg operating mass1

¾ graders

¾ wheel-dozers

¾ soil compactors (wheel type)

¾ backhoe-loaders

¾ crawler loaders

¾ crawler-dozers u 50 000 kg operating mass1), 3

¾ compact dumpers u 4 500 kg operating mass1)

¾ compact loaders u 4 500 kg operating mass1)

¾ skid-steer loaders u 4 500 kg operating mass1)

1 See ISO 6016.

2 For tractor scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension may be used, or one having a suspension with high
damping.
3 For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat.

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1

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EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and
20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted
vibration:

¾ excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators4

¾ trenchers

¾ landfill compactors

¾ non-vibratory rollers

¾ milling machines

¾ pipelayers

¾ finishers

¾ vibratory rollers

1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this International Standard are intended for operator seats used in earth-
moving machines of conventional design.

NOTE Other tests may be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration
characteristics.

1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through his seat, for example that sensed by his feet on the
platform or control pedals or by his hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered.

2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary.

ISO 2631-1:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration —
Part 1: General requirements.

ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment
and components.

ISO 6165:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Vocabulary.

ISO 8041:1990, Human response to vibration — Measuring instrumentation.

ISO 10326-1:1992, Mechanical vibration — Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration — Part 1: Basic
requirements.

ISO 13090-1:1998, Mechanical vibration and shock — Guidance on safety aspects of tests and experiments with
people — Part 1: Exposure to whole-body mechanical vibration and repeated shock.

4 For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.

2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

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EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and the following
apply.

3.1.1
whole-body vibration
vibration transmitted to the body as a whole through the buttocks of a seated operator

3.1.2
input spectral class
machines having similar ride vibration characteristics at the seat attachment point, grouped by virtue of various
mechanical characteristics

3.1.3
operating mass
mass of the base machine with equipment and empty attachment as specified by the manufacturer, and with the
operator (75 kg), full fuel tank and all fluid systems at the levels specified by the manufacturer

[ISO 6016:1998, 3.2.1]

3.1.4
operator seat
that portion of the machine provided for the purpose of supporting the buttocks and back of the seated operator,
including any suspension system and other mechanisms provided (for example, for adjusting the seat position)

3.1.5
frequency analysis
process of arriving at a quantitative description of a vibration amplitude as a function of frequency

3.1.6
measuring period
time duration in which vibration data for analysis is obtained

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.

aP(fr) Unweighted rms value of the measured vertical acceleration at the platform at the resonance
frequency

a*P12, a*P34 Unweighted rms value of the target vertical acceleration at the platform under the seat (see
Figure 3) between frequencies f1 and f2, or f3 and f4

aP12, aP34 Unweighted rms value of the measured vertical acceleration at the platform between frequencies f1
and f2, or f3 and f4

aS(fr) Unweighted rms value of the measured vertical acceleration at the seat disk at the resonance
frequency

a*wP12, a*wP34 Weighted rms value of the target vertical acceleration at the platform between frequencies f1 and
f2, or f3 and f4

awP12 Weighted rms value of the measured vertical acceleration at the platform between frequencies f1
and f2

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awS12 Weighted rms value of the measured vertical acceleration at the seat disk (see Figure 3) between
frequencies f1 and f2

Be Resolution bandwidth, in hertz

f Frequency, in hertz

fr Frequency at resonance

GP(f) Measured PSD of the vertical vibration at the platform (seat base)

G*P(f) Target PSD of the vertical vibration at the platform (seat base)

G*PL(f) Lower limit for the measured PSD of the vertical vibration at the platform (seat base)

G*PU(f) Upper limit for the measured PSD of the vertical vibration at the platform (seat base)

H(fr) Transmissibility at resonance

PSD Power Spectral Density, expressed as acceleration squared per unit bandwidth (m/s 2)2/Hz

rms root mean square

SEAT Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility factor

Ts Sampling time, in seconds

4 General
4.1 The laboratory-simulated machine vertical vibration, specified as input spectral class, is based on
representative measured data from machines in severe but typical working conditions. The input spectral class is a
representative envelope for the machines within the class, as measured under severe conditions.

4.2 Two criteria are used for the evaluation of seat:

a) the Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT) factor according to ISO 10326-1:1992, 9.1, but with
frequency weighting according to ISO 2631-1;

b) the maximum transmissibility ratio in the damping test according to ISO 10326-1:1992, 9.2.

4.3 The measuring equipment shall be in accordance with ISO 8041 (type 1 instrument) and ISO 10326-1:1992,
clauses 4 and 5. The frequency weighting shall include the effects of the band limiting filters, and be in accordance
with ISO 2631-1.

4.4 Safety precautions shall be in accordance with ISO 13090-1.

Any compliant end-stops or devices normally fitted to production versions of the seat to be tested to minimise the
effect of suspension overtravel shall be in place for the dynamic tests.

5 Test conditions and test procedure

The test conditions and test procedure shall be in accordance with ISO 10326-1:1992, clauses 7 and 8.

5.1 Simulation of vibration

See ISO 10326-1:1992, clause 5.

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A platform, the dimensions of which correspond approximately to those of the operator's platform of an earth-
moving machine, shall be mounted on a vibrator which is capable of generating vibration along the vertical axis
(see Figure 1).

NOTE In the case of classes EM 1 and EM 2 the vibrator should be capable of simulating sinusoidal vibration having a
displacement amplitude of at least ± 7,5 cm at a frequency of 2 Hz; see 5.4.1.

5.2 Test seat

The operator seat for the test shall be representative of series-produced models, with regard to construction, static
and vibration characteristics and other features which may affect the vibration test result. Before the test, the
suspension seats shall be run-in under conditions stipulated by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer does not
state such conditions, then the seat shall be run-in for 5 000 cycles, with measurements at 1 000 cycle intervals.

For this purpose, the seat shall be loaded with an inert mass of 75 kg and adjusted to the mass in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. The seat and suspension shall be mounted on the platform of a vibrator, and a
sinusoidal input vibration shall be applied to the platform at approximately the suspension natural frequency. This
input vibration shall have a peak to peak displacement sufficient to cause movement of the seat suspension over
approximately 75 % of its stroke. A platform peak to peak displacement of approximately 40 % of the seat
suspension stroke is likely to achieve this. Care should be taken to ensure against overheating of the suspension
damper during the running-in, for which forced cooling is acceptable.

The seat shall be considered to have been run-in if the value for the vertical transmissibility remains within a
tolerance of  5 % when three successive measurements are performed under the condition described above. The
time interval between two measurements shall be half an hour, or 1 000 cycles (whichever is less), with the seat
being constantly run-in.

The seat shall be adjusted to the weight of the test person in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

With seats where the suspension stroke available is unaffected by the adjustment for seat height or test person
weight, testing shall be performed with the seat adjusted to the centre of the stroke.

With seats where the suspension stroke available is affected by the adjustment of the seat height or by test person
weight, testing shall be performed in the lowest position which provides the full working suspension stroke as
specified by the seat manufacturer.

When the inclination of the backrest is adjustable, it shall be set approximately upright, inclined slightly backwards
(approximately 10°  5).

5.3 Test person and posture

The simulated input vibration test shall be performed with two persons. The light person shall have a total mass of
52 kg to 55 kg, of which not more than 5 kg may be carried in a belt around the waist. The heavy person shall have
a total mass of 98 kg to 103 kg, of which not more than 8 kg may be carried in a belt around the waist.

Each person shall adopt a natural upright position on the seat and maintain this position throughout the test (see
Figure 1).

Differences in the posture of the test person can cause a 10 % difference between test results. For this reason,
recommended angles of knees and ankles have been specified in Figure 1.

5.4 Input vibration

5.4.1 Simulated input vibration test to evaluate the SEAT factor

This International Standard specifies the input vibration in nine input spectral classes (EM 1 through EM 9) for
earth-moving machinery for the purpose of determining the SEAT factor.

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EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

In accordance with ISO 10326-1:1992, 9.1.2, the SEAT factor is defined as

SEAT = awS12 / awP12

The simulated input vibration used to determine the SEAT is defined in accordance with ISO 10326-1:1992, 8.1,
but the frequency weighting shall be in accordance with ISO 2631-1. The test input for each class is defined by a
power spectral density, G*P(f), of the vertical (Z axis) acceleration of the vibrating platform, and by the unweighted
rms vertical accelerations on that platform (a*P12, a*P34).

The vibration characteristics for each input spectral class EM 1 through EM 9 are shown in Figures 2 through 10,
respectively. Equations for the acceleration power spectral density curves of Figures 2 to 10 are included in
Table 2. The curves defined by these equations are the target values to be produced at the base of the seat for the
simulated input vibration test of 5.5.2.

The input vibration shall be determined (calculated) without components at frequencies outside the frequency
range defined by f1 and f2.

Table 4 further defines the test input values for the actual test input PSD at the base of the seat.

Three tests shall be performed for each test person and each input vibration in accordance with ISO 10326-1:1992,
9.1. The effective duration of each test shall be at least 180 s.

If none of the SEAT values relating to one particular test configuration deviate by more than  5 % from the
arithmetic mean, then, in terms of repeatability, the three tests mentioned above shall be deemed to be valid. If this
is not the case, as many series of three tests as are necessary to satisfy this requirement shall be carried out.

The sampling time Ts and resolution bandwidth Be, shall satisfy the following:

2  Be  Ts > 140

Be < 0,5 Hz

NOTE 1 Class EM 7 is also used to test agricultural wheeled tractor seats for class I tractor (see ISO 5007:1990, Agricultural
wheeled tractors — Operator's seat — Laboratory measurement of transmitted vibration).

NOTE 2 Any means, including double integrators, analog signal generators and filters, and digital signal generators with
digital-to-analog converters, may be used to produce the required PSD and rms characteristics at the base of the seat for the
simulated input vibration test.

5.4.2 Damping test

The seat shall be loaded with an inert mass of 75 kg and then excited by a sinusoidal vibration in the range from
0,5 to 2 times the expected resonance frequency of the suspension. The inert mass shall, if necessary, be secured
to the seat in order to prevent the mass from moving on the seat or from falling off it.

To determine the resonance frequency, the frequency range shall be investigated with either a linear frequency
sweep or in maximum steps of 0,05 Hz. With either method, the frequency should be varied from a lower frequency
(equal to 0,5 times the expected resonance of the suspension) to an upper frequency (equal to 2 times the
expected resonance frequency of the suspension) and back again to the lower frequency. The frequency sweeping
shall be made over a duration of at least 80 s at a constant peak to peak displacement of the platform that is equal
to 40 % of the total suspension travel (stroke) specified by the seat manufacturer, or 50 mm, whichever is the
smaller.

The damping test and the calculation of the transmissibility H(fr) at resonance shall be performed according to
ISO 10326-1:1992, 9.2. In all cases, the damping test itself at the resonance frequency shall be carried out with a
peak to peak displacement of the platform of 40 % of the total suspension travel even if the 40 % value exceeds
50 mm.

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Only one measurement needs to be carried out at the resonance frequency of the seat's suspension.

5.5 Tolerances on input vibration

See in ISO 10326-1:1992, 8.1.

The input excitation for the seat as defined in 5.4.1. can only be created on a simulator in an approximate manner.
In order to be valid the test input shall comply with the following requirements.

5.5.1 Distribution function

Under the condition that the acceleration on the platform shall be sampled at a minimum of 50 data points per
second and analyzed into amplitude cells of not greater than 20 % of the total true rms acceleration, the probability
density function must be within  20 % of the ideal Gaussian function between  200 % of the total true rms
acceleration, and with no data exceeding  350 % of the total true rms acceleration. For the purposes of this
requirement, the total true rms acceleration is a*P12 as defined in Table 4.

5.5.2 Power spectral density and rms values

The power spectral density of the acceleration measured on the platform is considered to be representative of
G*P(f) if, and only if:

a) for f1 u f u f2

G*PL(f) u GP(f) u G*PU(f)

where

G*PL(f) = G*P(f)  0,1  max[G*P(f)]

if G*P(f)  0,1  max[G*P(f)] > 0

G*PL(f) = 0

if G*P(f)  0,1  max[G*P(f)] u 0

G*PU(f) = G*P(f) + 0,1  max[G*P(f)]

b) 0,95  a*P12 u aP12 u 1,05  a*P12

c) 0,95  a*P34 u aP34 u 1,05  a*P34

The tolerances on GP(f) are illustrated in Figures 2 through 10. The shape of G*P(f) is defined by values and filters
as set down in Table 2. The values for f1, f2, f3, f4, max[G*P(f)], a*P12 and a*P34 are shown in Table 4.

6 Acceptance values

6.1 SEAT (Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility) factor

The seat specified for a particular input spectral class shall meet the SEAT factors given in Table 1:

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 7

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EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Table 1 — SEAT factors by input spectral class

Input spectral class SEAT factors

EM 1 < 1,1
EM 2 < 0,9
EM 3 < 1,0
EM 4 < 1,1
EM 5 < 0,7
EM 6 < 0,7
EM 7 < 0,6
EM 8 < 0,8
EM 9 < 0,9

NOTE Good seats cause a slight increase of vibration at the low frequency range, whereas vibration in the higher
frequency range, depending on the suspension system, are significantly reduced. The test PSD for the input spectral classes
EM 1 and EM 4 are limited to the low frequency range. The low frequency range is of importance because of the shock loads
which require good damping performance. This results in SEAT factors close to and slightly above 1 when performing the seat
test.

6.2 Damping performance

The transmissibility H(fr) = aS(fr)/aP(fr) at resonance along the vertical axis shall be less than:

1,5 for input spectral classes EM 1, EM 2, EM 3, EM 4 and EM 6,

2,0 for input spectral classes EM 5, EM 7, EM 8 and EM 9.

7 Seat identification
The seat shall be identified by a permanent mark at a clearly visible location. The mark shall include the following
information:

¾ manufacturer’s name or logo-type;

¾ type denomination (e.g. part number);

¾ input spectral class (or classes) (e.g. EM 1, EM 2 etc.) followed by the text: "according to ISO 7096:1999".

8 Test report
The test report shall contain all the information necessary to understand, interpret and use the results arising from
the application of this International Standard.

The results shall be compared with the acceptance criteria for a seat and recorded in the report forms given in
Figures 11 and 12.

The test report should contain the following:

a) name and address of seat manufacturer;

b) model of seat, product and serial number;

c) date of test;

d) details of running-in;

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e) type of measuring disc used: semi-rigid, rigid;

f) input spectral vibration class;

g) vibration transmission to the persons with the simulated input vibration test:

¾ platform vibration awP12,

¾ seat disk vibration awS12,

¾ test person mass, in kilograms,

¾ SEAT factor;

h) calculated transmissibility at the resonance and the resonance frequency;

i) the name of the person responsible for the test;

j) identification of test laboratory;

k) location of marking (see clause 7).

Table 2 — Definition of input spectral classes

Spectral class of input vibrations G*P(f)

EM 1 2,82 (HP24)2 (LP24)2

EM 2 2,72 (HP24)2 (LP24)2
EM 3 1,93 (HP24)2 (LP24)2
EM 4 0,60 (HP24)2 (LP24)2
EM 5 1,11 (HP24)2 (LP6)2
EM 6 0,79 (HP12)2 (LP12)2
EM 7 9,25 (HP48)2 (LP48)2
EM 8 1,45 (HP24)2 (LP12)2
EM 9 2,10 (HP24)2 (LP12)2
(LP6) = 1/(1 + S)
(LP12) = 1/(1 + 1,414S + S2)
(LP24) = 1/(1 + 2,613S + 3,414S2 + 2,613S3 + S4)
(LP48) = 1/(1 + 5,126S + 13,137S2 + 21,846S3 + 25,688S4 + 21,846S5 + 13,137S6 + 5,126S7 + S8)
(HP12) = S2/(1 + 1,414S + S2)
(HP24) = S4/(1 + 2,613S + 3,414S2 + 2,613S3 + S4)
(HP48) = S8 /( 1 + 5,126S + 13,137S2 + 21,846S3 + 25,688S4 + 21,846S5 + 13,137S6 + 5,126S7 + S8)

where: S = j f / fc; j = -1 ; f = frequency, in hertz.

fc = Filter cut-off frequency, in hertz, as given in Table 3.

NOTE HP and LP designate high-pass and low-pass filters of the Butterworth type.

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Table 3 — Filter cut-off frequencies

Filter cut-off frequencies, fc, Hz

Input spectral class Filter designations
(LP6) (LP12) (LP24) (LP48) (HP12) (HP24) (HP48)
EM 1 — — 2,5 Hz — — 1,5 Hz —
EM 2, EM 3, EM 4 — — 3,0 Hz — — 1,5 Hz —
EM 5 3,5 Hz — — — — 1,5 Hz —
EM 6 — 9,0 Hz — — 6,5 Hz — —
EM 7 — — — 3,5 Hz — — 3,0 Hz
EM 8 — 3,0 Hz — — — 3,0 Hz —
EM 9 — 4,0 Hz — — — 3,5 Hz —
NOTE HP and LP designate high-pass and low-pass filters of the Butterworth type. The subordinated numbers
state the filter slope in decibels per octave. The table above completely defines band pass filters in terms of cut-off
frequencies and slopes.

Table 4 — Characteristics of the simulated input vibration for different types of machines.
Type of machine Input Target Frequency range f1 to f2 Frequency range f3 to f4
spectral PSD of
class vertical f1 and f2 Unweighted Weighted f3 and f4 Unweighted Weighted
vibration target rms target rms target rms target rms
at the acceleration acceleration acceleration acceleration
platform on the on the on the on the
G*P(f) platform platform platform platform
a*P12 a*wP12 a*P34 a*wP34

(m/s2)2/Hz Hz m/s2 m/s2 Hz m/s2 m/s2

max.
Articulated or rigid EM 1 2,21 f1 = 0,89 1,71 1,02 f3 = 1,50 1,39 0,75
frame dumper f2 = 11,22 f4 = 2,50
> 4 500 kga
Scraper without axis EM 2 2,41 f1 = 0,89 2,05 1,34 f3 = 1,50 1,75 1,04
or frame f2 = 11,22 f4 = 3,00
suspensionb
Wheel loader EM 3 1,71 f1 = 0,89 1,73 1,13 f3 = 1,50 1,48 0,87
> 4 500 kga f2 = 11,22 f4 = 3,00
Grader EM 4 0,53 f1 = 0,89 0,96 0,63 f3 = 1,50 0,82 0,49
f2 = 11,22 f4 = 3,00
Wheel dozer EM 5 0,77 f1 = 0,89 1,94 1,68 f3 = 1,50 1,42 1,11
Soil compactor f2 = 17,78 f4 = 5,00
on wheels
Backhoe loader
Crawler loader EM 6 0,34 f1 = 0,89 1,65 1,61 f3 = 5,00 1,39 1,42
Crawler dozerc f2 = 17,78 f4 = 12,00
u 50 000 kga
Compact dumper EM 7 5,55 f1 = 0,89 2,26 1,89 f3 = 2,90 1,82 1,51
u 4 500 kga f2 = 11,22 f4 = 3,60
Compact loader EM 8 0,40 f1 = 0,89 1,05 0,96 f3 = 2,50 0,87 0,77
u 4 500 kga f2 = 17,78 f4 = 5,00
Skid steer loader EM 9 0,78 f1 = 0,89 1,63 1,59 f3 = 3,00 1,33 1,31
u 4 500 kga f2 = 17,78 f4 = 6,00
NOTE The above values were calculated using ,f = 0,001 Hz and the complex analytical functions (with band limiting) given in
ISO 2631-1:1997, annex D. The use of other ,f values and/or the approximate equations can give slightly different values.
a Operating mass (see ISO 6016).
b For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension or having a suspension with high damping, may be used.
c For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat.

10 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Key
1 Seat backrest
2 Seat pan
3 Accelerometer disc on the seat pan (S)
4 Seat suspension
5 Platform
6 Accelerometer on the platform (P)
7 Base of the seat

Provision shall be made for adjustment of the angles of the knees and the ankles.

Figure 1 — Posture of the test person

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 11

BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 2 — PSD for input spectral class EM 1 (articulated or rigid frame dumper > 4 500 kg)

12 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 3 — PSD for input spectral class EM 2 (scraper without axle or frame suspension)

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 13

BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 4 — PSD for input spectral class EM 3 (wheel loader > 4 500 kg)

14 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 5 — PSD for input spectral class EM 4 (grader)

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 15

BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 6 — PSD for input spectral class EM 5 [wheel dozer, soil compactor (wheel type), backhoe loader]

16 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 7 — PSD for input spectral class EM 6, (crawler dumper, crawler dozer,
crawler loader u 50 000 kg)

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 17

BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 8 — PSD for input spectral class EM 7 (compact dumper u 4 500 kg)

18 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 9 — PSD for input spectral class EM 8 (compact loader u 4 500 kg)

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 19

BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Figure 10 — PSD for input spectral class EM 9 (skid steer loader u 4 500 kg)

20 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 7096:2008
EN ISO 7096:2008 (E)

Seat on test: .............................................................................................................................................................................

Input spectral class: ..................................................................................................................................................................
a*P12 = .............................................................................................................................................................................. m/s2
a*wP12 = ............................................................................................................................................................................ m/s2

Designation aP12 awP12 awS12 SEAT

m/s2 m/s2 m/s2
Light operator 1st test
................................ kg 2nd test
Added mass 3rd test
................................ kg Arithmetic mean value
Heavy operator 1st test
................................ kg 2nd test
Added mass 3rd test
................................ kg Arithmetic mean value
SEAT for input spectral class ... is fulfilled: Yes / No

Figure 11 — Report form for the simulated input vibration test to evaluate the SEAT factor (vertical axis)

Seat on test: .............................................................................................................................................................................

Peak-to-peak displacement of platform = .......................................................................................................................... mm
fr = ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Hz

aP (fr) = ............................................................................................................................................................................. m/s2

aS (fr) = ............................................................................................................................................................................. m/s2

H(fr) = aS(fr)/aP(fr) ......................................................................................................................................................................

Calculated transmissibility H(fr), less than Input spectral class

1,5 EM 1, EM 2, EM 3, EM 4, EM 6
2,0 EM 5, EM 7, EM 8, EM 9
NOTE The test report may be improved by including the graph of the transfer function.

Figure 12 — Report form for the evaluation of the calculated transmissibility H(fr)
(damping test, vertical axis)

© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 21

BS EN ISO
7096:2008
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