SRM Institute of Science and Technology Batch-2

College of Engineering and Technology SET-B

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu
Academic Year: 2023-24 (Odd)

Test: CLAT–III Date: 08/11/2023

Course Code & Title:18ECC205J–Analog and Digital Communication Duration: 12.30 PM to 2.15PM
Year & Sem:III / V Max. Marks:50

18ECC205J - ANALOG AND DIGITAL

Program Outcomes (POs)
COMMUNICATION
Graduate Attributes PSO
COs Course Outcomes (COs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Distinguish between various analog modulation and demodulation
CO-1 : 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -
techniques
Demonstrate a good understanding in the working of analog radio
CO-2 : 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -
transmitters and receivers.
Analyze the performance of PCM, DPCM and DM in a digital
CO-3 : 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3
communication system
Compute Bit Error Rate performance of pass band data
CO-4 : 3 - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 -
transmission under different shift keying techniques
Interpret the features of various spread spectrum and error coding
CO-5 : 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - 3 - -
techniques
Evaluate the operation of analog and digital communication systems
and take measurement of various communication systems to
CO-6 : - - 3 - 2 - - - - - - - - - 3
compare experimental results in the laboratory with theoretical
analysis
Part – A(10×1 = 10 Marks) Instructions: Answer ALL Questions.
Q.N Question Mar B C P
o. ks L O O
1 ________ is called as On Off Keying(OOK) 1 1 4 1
(a) QAM (b) PSK
(c)ASK (d) FSK
2 In QAM Information contained in 1 1 4 1
(a) Only Amplitude (b)Only Phase
(c) both amplitude and Phase (d)Only Frequency
3 The bit error rate of BPSK is 1 2 4 1

Answer:( c )
4 The bit rate of a digital communication system is 36 Mbps, and the modulation 1 3 4 4
scheme used is QPSK. The baud rate of the system is ________.
(a) 68 Mbps (b) 36 Mbps
(c) 18 Mbps (d) 8.5 Mbps

5 The 𝜋/4 QPSK detector consists of 1 1 4 1

(a) Arctangent computer, Phase different computers and modulo 2 π correction
logic
(b)Correlator, Phase different computers and modulo 2 𝜋 correction logic
(c)Correlator , 90 degree shifter and modulo 2 𝜋 correction logic
(d)Arctangent computer, Correlator and 90 degree phase shifter
6 The entropy of the message source generating three messages with probabilities 0.5 1 3 5 2
 ,0.25 and 0.25 is
(a) 1.5 bits/Message (b) 2.5 bits/Message
(c) 1.85 bits/Message (d)1 bit/Message
7 A PN sequence is generated using a feedback shift register of length 5. What is the 1 3 5 2
length of PN sequence?
a) 30 (b) 32
(c) 16 (d) 31
8 A generator polynomial is used to generate _______. 1 1 5 1
(a) Block codes (b) Hamming codes
(c) Cyclic codes (d) Convolutional codes

9 For the generation of a cyclic code, the generator polynomial should be the factor 1 1 5 1
of ---------
(a) xn + 1 (b) xn – 1
n
(c) x /2 (d) x2n/3
10 ________ coding technique is adopted for constructing source code with minimum 1 1 5 1
redundancy
(a) Cyclic (b) Linear Block
(c) Huffman (d) Convolutional
Part – B1 (2 × 4 = 8 Marks) Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.
11 Sketch the constellation diagram of 16 QAM . 4 3 4 1

12 Provide the BPSK modulated Waveform for the data sequence 101101. 4 1 4 4
13 Elaborate the concept of π/4 QPSK. 4 2 4 1
 The carrier phase used for the transmission of successive
symbols is alternately picked from one of the two QPSK
constellations in the following figure and then the other.
 It follows that a π/4-shifted QPSK signal may reside in any
one of eight possible phase states:
 • Attractive features of the π/4-shifted QPSK scheme
• The phase transitions from one symbol to the next are
restricted to ±π/4 and ±3π/4.
• Envelope variations due to filtering are significantly reduced.
• π/4-shifted QPSK signals can be noncoherently detected,
thereby considerably simplifying the receiver design.
• Like QPSK signals, π/4-shifted QPSK can be differently
encoded, in which case we should really speak of π/4- shifted
DQPSK .
• The input dibit does not determine the absolute phase, but the
phase change.

The phase transition is restricted to either 45 or 135 degree.

• No 0 degree phase transition occurs now!
• Noncoherent receiver is feasible.

Part – B2 (2 × 4 = 8 Marks) Instructions: Answer any TWO Questions.

14 A continuous signal is band limited to 5KHz.The signal is quantized in 8 levels 4 3 5 2
of a PCM system with the probabilities 0.25, 0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.05, 0.05 and
0.05.Calculate the rate of information.
15 Develope Shannon- fano codeword for five messages with probabilities of 1/2, 1/4, 4 3 5 2
1/8, 1/16, 1/16.

16 What are the advantages of spread spectrum techniques? 4 2 5 1

1. High signal integrity with less static noise:

2. Minimized crosstalk
3. Immunity to multipath fading
4. Secure communication
5. Difficulty to demodulate
6. Anti-jamming properties
7. Increase in operating distances
8. Difficult to detect

Part – C (2 × 12 = 24 Marks)
17 (a)Sketch the BFSK transmitter and receiver and describe its operation. Also, 12 3 4 1
derive its probability of error.

12 3 4 1
 OR
(b)Demonstrate the QPSK transmitter, receiver, and signal space diagram, and
obtain an expression for the error probability of QPSK.
18 (a) In a communication system, the source transmits four different messages 12 3 5 2
say X0, X1, X2, X3 with the probabilities of 0.3, 0.1, 0.5, and 0.1
respectively. Find the code word for each message and the coding
efficiency using Huffman coding.

12 3 5 1
 OR
(b) Illustrate the principle of fast frequency hopping spread spectrum
transmitter and receiver with neat diagram.