Nanotechnology

Presented By:
Chamakuri Brahmani : 23P61A6738
Chirivella Abhinaya : 23P61A6742
Battula Deepthi Priya : 23P61A6728
Arutla Sowmya : 23P61A6715
Submitted to: Mr.G.Vikranth
CONTENTS:
● Introduction
● Historical Background
● Scale Of Nanotechnology
● Properties At The Nanoscale
● Nanomaterials
● Applications
● Advantages In Nanotechnology
● Challenges In Nanotechnology
● Future Trends
● Conclusion
 Introduction:
● Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at an incredibly small scale,
typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.
● The paramount significance of nanotechnology is underscored by its
transformative influence on key sectors, including technology, medicine,
energy, and environmental applications.
● So, when we talk about nanotechnology, we're basically diving into a world
where small things lead to big impacts.
 History:
● Nanotechnology originated from Richard
Feynman's 1959 vision of manipulating
individual atoms.
● Coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974, it gained
traction in the 1980s with advancements in
microscopy.
● The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in
the 2000s marked a coordinated effort,
propelling nanotechnology into a diverse field
with applications across industries.
● Scientists focus on manipulating materials at the
nanoscale, leading to innovations in medicine,
electronics, and materials science.
 Scale of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology operates at the nanoscale, typically involving structures sized between 1 to
100 nanometers.
1 nanometer is roughly the size of a single small molecule.
The diameter of a typical virus is around 10 to 100 nanometers.
The width of a human hair is approximately 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers.
A typical bacterium has dimensions in the range of 1,000 to 5,000 nanometers.
Properties At The Nanoscale:
● Quantum Effects: Pronounced at nanoscale, influencing mechanical, electrical, and optical
properties.

● Increased Surface Area: Higher surface-to-volume ratio impacts reactivity and catalytic properties.

● Quantum Confinement: Altered electronic structures due to confinement effects.

● Thermal Properties: Nanomaterials show changes in thermal conductivity and expansion.

● Strength and Hardness: Nanoscale materials can be stronger and harder.

● Magnetic Properties: Magnetic behavior may change, enabling diverse applications.

Nanomaterials:
● Nanosheet:
Nanosheets are ultra-thin structures with dimensions at the nanoscale, typically consisting of a
single layer of atoms or molecules. These materials, often two-dimensional, exhibit unique
properties such as high surface area and mechanical strength.

● Nanoparticles:
Tiny particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. They can be metallic, ceramic,
polymeric, or composite and find applications in medicine, electronics, and catalysis.

● Nanotubes:
Nanotubes are cylindrical structures made of carbon atoms, exhibiting remarkable properties
such as high strength and excellent electrical conductivity. With diameters in the nanoscale
range, carbon nanotubes are utilized in diverse fields, including electronics, materials science
• Quantum Dots:
Nanocrystals with quantum properties, valuable in electronics and medical imaging due to
size-dependent characteristics
Nanotechnology in
Medicine Nanoelectronics

APPLICATIONS

Nanotechnology in Nanotechnology in
Environmental Agriculture
Remediation
 Nanotechnology in Medicine:
● Drug Delivery: Nanoparticles enable targeted drug
delivery, enhancing precision and reducing side effects.
They can be designed to release medication at specific
sites within the body.

● Imaging: Nanoparticles enhance imaging for the detection

and visualization of diseases at earlier stages.

● Diagnostic Tools: Nanosensors detect biomarkers at the

molecular level,allowing for more accurate and early
diagnosis

● Regenerative Medicine: Nanomaterials contribute to

tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by providing
scaffolds at the nanoscale for cell growth and regeneration
NanoElectronics:
●Applications of nanotechnology in
electronic components and devices are
very vast.
●It explores materials and structures at the
nanoscale, aiming to create smaller,
faster, and more efficient electronic
systems.
●This field includes the development of
nanoscale transistors, nanowires and
quantum dot devices,offering potential
advancements in computing power and
energy efficiency
 Nanotechnology In
Environment Remediation
● Water Purification: Nanotechnology is used to
develop advanced filtration systems, removing
contaminants and pollutants from water sources.

● Soil Remediation: Nanomaterials aid in soil cleanup

by facilitating the degradation of pollutants and
improving soil quality.

● Air Quality Improvement: Nanoparticles are

employed to capture and neutralize pollutants in the
air, contributing to cleaner environments.

● Waste Treatment: Nanotechnology plays a role in

developing efficient methods for treating and recycling
various types of waste, reducing environmental impact.
Nanotechnology In Agriculture:
● Precision Farming: Nanosensors monitor soil conditions, crop health, and nutrient levels for
optimized agricultural practices.
● Smart Delivery Systems: Nanocarriers enhance targeted delivery of fertilizers and pesticides,
reducing environmental impact and improving efficiency.
● Improved Crop Characteristics: Nanotechnology contributes to developing crops with enhanced
resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stressors.
● Water Management: Nanomaterials assist in water purification for irrigation, addressing water
scarcity issues in agriculture.
 Advantages Of Nanotechnology:
● Miniaturization: Nanotechnology allows for the creation of smaller and more
compact electronic devices, enhancing portability and efficiency.

● Enhanced Materials: Nanomaterials, such as nanotubes and nanoparticles, offer

improved strength, durability, and lightness, revolutionizing manufacturing processes.

● Energy Efficiency: Nanotechnology enables the development of more effective

energy-producing, absorbing, and storage solutions, leading to enhanced energy
efficiency.

● Medical Innovations: In the medical field, nanotechnology contributes to the

development of smart drugs, tissue regeneration, and potential cures for diseases,
offering more targeted and efficient healthcare solutions.
Challenges In Nanotechnology:
● Potential adverse effects of nanomaterials on human health and the environment pose
significant concerns.

● Lack of uniform testing methods and regulations hinders consistent quality in

nanotechnology applications.

● Managing privacy issues and ethical concerns related to nanotechnology requires

careful attention and regulation.

● Overcoming production costs and ensuring scalability remain challenges for

widespread adoption of nanotechnology.
 Future Trends:
• Nanomedicine, nano-electronics, green
applications, and integration with AI and
robotics are key trends shaping the
future of nanotechnology, promising
advances in healthcare, electronics,
sustainability, and enhanced capabilities
across various sectors.
 CONCLUSION:
● In conclusion, nanotechnology stands at the forefront of innovation, offering immense
possibilities in medicine, electronics, and sustainability. While challenges exist,
addressing safety and ethical considerations is crucial. With continued research and
responsible development, nanotechnology holds the key to groundbreaking
advancements that can reshape various industries and improve our quality of life.
REFERENCE:

•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnolog
y
• J. E. Hulla, S. C. Sahu, and A. W. Hayes,
“Nanotechnology: history and
future,” Human & Experimental Toxicology,
vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1318–1321, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
THANK YOU!