€ASCO le SECONDARY THREE The Complete Study and Answer Guide to Any Mathematics Textbook Lee-Ann Goh B.Sc.(Ed.) Hons. bY Based/on NEW MOE Syllabus a ‘Comprehensive Notes and Worked|Examples &/ilutorials'arranged byjTopics eAthinkingskills|Gorner, eV, Revision)Exercises | Mid-Year/Final'Specimen Papers) sv/Answers\with\Complete Worked) Solutions) 4 REVISED ee / EDITIONThe Complete Study and Answer Guide to Any Mathematics Textbook Lee-Ann Goh B.Sc(Ed) Hons. REVISED EDITION© CASCO PUBLICATIONS PTE LTD Al rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without any prior permission from the publishers. Published and distributed by: CASCO PUBLICATIONS PTE LTD 53 Ubi Avenue 1 #05-54 Paya Ubi Industrial Park Singapore 408934 Tel: (65) 6748 3101 Fax : (65) 6748 9139 email: casco@singnet.com.sg ISBN 978 981 4564 298 Printed in SingaporeMathematics Tutor 3B is the third of a three-book series specially written to serve as the mathematics companion for you in the Secondary 3 Express classes. This newly updated 4-chapter volume, which follows closely to the newly implemented mathematics syllabus by the Ministry of Education, is comprehensive as it is suitable for the student who self-studies at home. It is dedicated to helping you revise in an effective and efficient way, as well as to make mathematics relevant to you later in life. ‘As a complete study and answer guide to your mathematics textbook, this series contains more than 500 questions and worked examples. Each topic in this all-in-one guide contains the following features: + Targets to help you focus on the relevant concepts during your revision. + Comprehensive Notes and Worked Examples where a summary of the important concepts and formulae are emphasised. The worked examples have been written to help you learn how to solve questions of similar type. + Tutorials by Topics are found at the end of each chapter. Each contains a wide range of questions, written to supplement classroom exercises, for you to practice and apply the mathematics concepts and formulae learned. Thinking Skills Corner is where you can find more challenging and thought- provoking questions. Here you will be able to train your problem-solving skills by applying the concepts learned in the chapters. Revision Exercises are found after every few chapters to help you refresh and consolidate all the concepts learned in these chapters. Answers with Complete Worked Solutions are provided at the end of the book and will be useful for your reference. The Final Examination Specimen Papers included in this volume has been written to follow closely to the format of your school tests and examinations. You will find the books useful during your revision and will also help to reinforce the concepts that you may be weaker in. Lee-Ann Goh Casco Publications Pte Ltd7 — Trigonometry Tutorial 7 Thinking Skills Comer 8 Applications of Trigonometry . Tutorial 8... Thinking Skis Come Revision Exercise 4 9 Arc Lengths, Sector Areas and Radian Measure 165 Tutorial 9...... . . Thinking Skills Corner. 10 Properties of Circles Tutorial 10 Thinking Skills Corner. Revision Exercise 5 Final Examination Specimen Paper A ........ Final Examination Specimen Paper B .... Final Examination Specimen Paper C Answers with Complete Worked SolutionsTrigonometry + Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) of acute angles to calculate unknown sides and angles in right-angled triangles. * Find the trigonometric values of obtuse angles. * Use the formula Area = ; ab sin C for the area of a triangle. + Use the sine rule and cosine rule to find the sides and angles for any triangle. [D> trigonometric Ratios ‘Trigonometric Ratios for Acute Angles For a right-angled triangle ABC, ‘opposite Casco Publications Pre Lid Chapter 7: TrigonometryPythagoras’ Theorem (Revision) A For a right-angled triangle ABC, where AC is the hypotenuse. 2 ‘The hypotenuse is the longest side of the right-angled triangle. zz> Values of Trigonometric Ratios We can use a calculator to evaluate the value of a trigonometric ratio. “©. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: Find the values of the following, giving your answers correct to 4 significant figures. (a) sin 25° (b) cos 30° (© tan 569° (@ = 2sin81° (©) 10. cos 42° +5 tan 42° SOLUTION: (a) sin 25° E = 0.4226 (correct to 4 sig. fig.) @ (b) cos 30° = 0.8660 (correct to 4 sig. fig.) (©) an 569° 534 (correct to 4 sig. fig.) (@) 2sin 81° = 1,975 (correct to 4 sig. fig.) (©) 10 cos 42° +5 tan 42° = 11.93 (correct to 4 sig. fig.)“Sau, WORKED EXAMPLE 2: Find the angle @ in degrees in each of the following, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place. (a) sin@=04 (b) cos 0= 0.5168 (©) tan @= 1.236 SOLUTION: (a) sin@ @ 4 in 0.4 = 23.6" (correct to 1 dip.) ©) 5168 ‘os | 0.5168 = 58.9° (correct to 1 d.p.) (©) tan @= 1.236 O= tan 1.236 = 51.0° (correct to 1 d.p.) Press 2nd F cos 1.564 Error is displayed. [73> Applications of Trigonometric Ratios to Right-angled Triangles We can use trigonometric ratios to find the unknown sides and angles in a right-angled triangle. “Sa. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: Find the value of x in each of the following triangles, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. (a) (b) © 1Sem 36° 52° 28°) em © Casco Publications Pte Ltd Chapter 7: TrigonometrySOLUTION: on , (a) sin36°= 75 x= 15 sin 36° = 8.82 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) 0 8 adj. (©) cos sa°= & Use cos = Fp 8 0s 52° B= | cos BD = | = 13.0 om (correct to 3 sig. fig.) a (©) tan28°= 75 2 tan 28° 38 om (correct to 3 sig. fig.) x “Sau. WORKED EXAMPLE 2: Find the angles marked @ in the following triangles, Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. (b) © 8.0m ° a 12em 320m rm Oo CX AT Sem SOLUTION: 6 = 67.4° (correct to 1 dp.) 6 =51.9° (correct to 1 dp.) © = 52.0° (correct to 1 d.p.) Mathematics Tutor 3B, @Casco Publications Pte Ltd“SQ. WORKED EXAMPLE 3: In the diagram, C is the foot of the perpendicular from A to the side BD of triangle ABD. AB = 12. cm, AD = 15 cm and 2 ABC = 48°. Find @) AC, (b) ZADC, () BD. on 15cm D SOLUTION: (a) In AABC, sin 4° = 4C 2 AC = 12 sin 48° = 8.918 = 8.92 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ® (b) In Ape, (© InAaBc, sin LADC = a cos 48° BC _ 8.918 ~ 1S ZADC = 36.48° In LADC, = 36.5° (correct to 1 d.p.) eo cos 36.48° = > CD = 15 cos 36.48° = 12.06 em BD = BC +CD .030 + 12.06 20.1 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.)“aq. WORKED EXAMPLE 4: Find the values of 6 and x in triangle ABD. 24em, Sem xem -~ SOLUTION: A dem fa 4 ‘8° — a 8.104.cm isem In AABD, 9 sin = 2 @=22.0° (correct to 1 d.p.) 22.25 - 8.104 = 14.1 cm (correct to 3 sig.fig.) , XX“cm, WORKED EXAMPLE 5: Find the values of x, y and 0 in the diagram below. E yem SOLUTION: Draw line AF parallel to BD. In ACDE, 15.1 tan 36° 0971 = 11.0 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) CF =AB=6om FE =10971-6 971m In AAFE, FE cos 0 = 5 — 4971 10.2 - D 0=6083° BO yom OC 15.1 em = 60.8° (correct to 1 d.p.) In AAFE, in os sin 60.83° = 75 10.2 sin 60.83° = 8.91 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.)“Sa. WORKED EXAMPLE 6: A ladder of length 8 m rests against a vertical wall with its foot on level ground. It makes an angle of 56° with the horizontal. When the top of the ladder slips down x m on the wall, it makes an angle of 32° with the horizontal. Find the value x. SOLUTION: In AABC, A 56° = AB AB =8 sin 56° 0 = 6.632 m | oox2m| In ADBE, § $ sin 32°= = DB 632 - 4.239 39 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) “Sa. WORKED EXAMPLE 7: In the diagram, AB is a vertical tree. The points, C and D, are on horizontal ground, ZADB = 27°, LACB = 45° and CD = 6 m. Find the height of the tree. A D om B ©SOLUTION: A A 4a( tan 27° tan 45 1 1 a (wae tan 45° = 6.23 m (3 sig. fig.) + The height of the tree is 6.23 m. @Casco Publications Pre Lid ) Chapter 7: Trigonometry[w4> Trigonometric Ratios for Obtuse Angles 1 fee In the diagram, A\(—x, y) is the image of A(x, y) after a reflection in the y-axis. ZA,OB, = ZAOB = 6 + ZA\OB = 180° — 6 (adj. 2s on a str. line) sin (180° - 6) = y =sin@ cos (180° = @) = as =-cos 0 -: The trigonometric identities for an obtuse angle are: Mathematies Tutor 3B © Casco Publications Pre Ltd“SS. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: Express the following in terms of trigonometric ratios of acute angles and find their values, giving your answers correct to 4 significant figures. (a) sin 132° (b) cos 126° SOLUTION: (a) sin 132° = sin (180° ~ 132°) in 48° = 0.7431 (correct to 4 sig. fig.) (b) cos 126° = — cos (180° ~ 126°) —cos 54° = -0.5878 (correct to 4 sig, fig.) “Su. WORKED EXAMPLE 2: Given that 0° < @ < 180°, find angle 6, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place where necessary. (a) sin@=05 (b) cos @= 0.8123 (© cos @=-0.6285 SOLUTION: (a) sin@=05 @=sin' 05 30° or 180° ~ 30° sir 30° or 150° (o) 0.8123, cos 0.8123 = 35.7° (conrect to 1 d.p.) (©) cos @= ~0.6285 = cos (-0.6285) (© Casco Publications Pre Led Chapter 7: Trigonometryae WORKED EXAMPLE 3: Find two values of x°, such that sin x° = SOLUTION: sin x° 2° = sin’ = 60° or 180° - 60° = 60° or 120° WORKED EXAMPLE 4: If is an obtuse angle and sin @= é ; find without using a calculator, the value of cos 6. SOLUTION: y «i -3 sin @= 5 Given) P(-15,8) Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, O00 +8 =17 8 OG =17 -8 = 225 2 0@ = V225 = 15 units cos 0= 2 WORKED EXAMPLE 5: In the diagram, RST is a straight line and sin @= Find the value of (a) tan 6, (b) sin (90° 6), (c) cos (180° - 6). bySOLUTION: (@ (b) ZPSR= 180° - 90° - 6(Z sum of A) =90°-8 in (90° 6) = PR sin (90° - 6) = Fe _3 5 (©) cos (180° - @)=—cos 0 PR WY“Sa. WORKED EXAMPLE 6: In the diagram, ABC is a right-angled triangle. BA is produced to D and BC is produced to E. Given that AB = 5 cm, BC = 12 em and AC = 13 cm, express as a fraction (a) tan ZACB, (b) sin ZACB, (©) sin ZCAD, A (d) cos ZCAD, (e) cos LACE. 13cm Sem| SOLUTION: (a) tan ZACB= an B em € aes 2 = AB (b) sin ZACB = ac =e “13 (©) sin ZCAD= sin (180° ~ 2CAB) =sin ZCAB -2 “B (cos ZCAD = cos (180° — 2CAB) ~cos LCAB ©“San. WORKED EXAMPLE 7: In the diagram, PQS is a right-angled triangle. PQ = 15 om, PR = 17 em, PS = 25 em and QR = 8 em, (a) Fi (b) Calculate the area of triangle PRS. (©) Write down the value of (i) sin ZOPR, (ii) cos ZPRS, (iii) tan 2PSQ. SOLUTION: 15cm) | — aS O 3m Rem 8 2 em (a) In APgs, QS? + 15? = 25° ~—— Pythagoras Thebrem: Qs? = 400 os = 400 = 20cm QS- OR =20-8 =12em (b) Area of APRS= — x Base x Height 2 =} x RSx PQ. © Casco Publications Pre Lid(©) @ sin ZQPR= oe 8 “7. (ii) cos ZPRS = cos (180° - 2 PRO) =- cos 2PRO = Qk “PR xe “7 PQ @s 45 20 3 a Gi) tan 2PSQ: “SS. WORKED EXAMPLE 8: In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. AB = 24 cm, BC =7 om and AC = 25 cm (a) Explain why triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle. (b) Giving your answers as fractions, find 4 (i) sin BAC, (ii) cos ZACD. SOLUTION: (a) AB+ BC =244+7° = 625 = 25? =AC Since AB’ + BC’ = AC’, then AABC is a right-angled triangle with the right-angle opposite side AC, ie. the longest side. (Converse of the Pytlkaguras’ Theorem) eto A ) @ sin 2BAC = Fe (ii) cos ZACD = cos (180° - ZACB) cos ZACB BC AC 1 25“SS. WORKED EXAMPLE 9: In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. Given that A Bem B c SN cos ZDBA=~3 , AB =8 em and BD = 25 em, find 5 25 em (a) cos ZDBC, (b) sin ZDBC, (©) the area of triangle ABD. D SOLUTION: {a) cos DBC = cos (180° - DBA) A_8omB c —cos DBA 7 3 =-(-2) 25em | 20m =3 “Ss D ) 2 © © Casco Publications Pre Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry , cD sin DBC = $B 4 cD 57 3 cp= 4x25 5 =20 em Area of AABD = + Base x Height =} x AB x CD 1 = 5 x8x20 = 80cm[=> Area of a Triangle To find the area of a triangle given 2 sides and the included angle, use The side opposite 2A is a. ‘The side opposite 2B is b. The side opposite 2.C is c. “San. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: In AABC, ZBAC = 108°, AB = 12 cmand AC = 15 cm. Find the area of AABC. SOLUTION: Area of AABC = 5 be sin A = 4 x 15x 12xsin 108° = 85.6 cur? (conve to 3 sig. fig.) “Sa, WORKED EXAMPLE 2: In APOR, ZOPR = 38° and PQ = 9 cm. If the area of APQR is 28.5 cm*, find (a) the length of PR, (b) the perpendicular distance from @ to PR. eam Mathematies Tutor 3B © Casco Publications Pte LtdSOLUTION: @ Area of APQR = 28.5 cm’ (Given) 4X PRX 9 X sin 38°= 28.5 op. 285x2 PR ox sin 38 = 10.287 = 10.3 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (b) Let Q7 be the perpendicular distance from Q to PR. Area of APQR = 28.5 cm® (Given) R ; x PRX OT =28.5 ee, 1 3 X 10.287 x OF = 28.5 wo _ 285x2 P. Or = 0287 54 em (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ©. The perpendicular distance from Q to PR is 5.54 em. Alternative Method: In APOT, sin 38° = £ 9 OF =9 sin 38° 54cm :. The perpendicular distance from Q to PR is 5.54. cm. “Sa. WORKED EXAMPLE 3: In AXYZ, XY = 6 cm, YZ =9 cm and the area of AXYZ is 24 cm’. Find 2XYZ. SOLUTION: Area of AXYZ = 24 om? Given) $x 9X 6x sin ZXYZ = 24 em 24x2 9x6 = 0.8889 Fem 2 ZXYZ = 62.7° or 180° ~ 62.7° = 62.7° or 117.3° (correct to 1 dip.) sin XYZ =“San. WORKED EXAMPLE 4: In the triangle ABC, AB = x cm, AC = (x + 1) cmand 2BAC = 150°. If the area of triangle ABC is 39 cm’, find the value of x. SOLUTION: 5 xxx (+ 1) xin 150° 9 x2 woe D> Sn T50° x +x=156 X +x- 156 (= 12) + 13) = ex 12 or x or sexs 12em Mathematics Tutor 3B (r+ G+ Dem e Area of AABC = 39 cm? (Given) x43 x 13 (rejected since length is not negative) @Casco Publications Pte Lid“Su. WORKED EXAMPLE 5: (a) A regular pentagon ABCDE is inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm. Find the area of the pentagon. (b) A parallelogram PORS has the same area as the pentagon. Given that PQ = 20R and ZPOR = 48°, find the length of QR. SOLUTION: @ ZAOB = & x 360° =1 eon ‘Area of pentagon = 5x Area of AAOB =5x (4x10x10xsin72°) 237.16 = 238 cm’ (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (b) Area of parallelogram PORS = 237.76 cm* 2 x Area of APQR = 237.16 2x (3 x POX OR x sin 48°) = 237.16 = 237.76 POX OR= Frag 2OR X OR = 319.938 OR = 319.938 2 = 159.969 OR = 159.969 = 12.6 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ‘© Casco Publications Pte Lid ‘Chapter 7: Trigonometry[Z@> The Sine Rule 1. Inany AABC, the Sine Rule states that: A b Cc e a 2. The alternative form of the Sine Rule is also useful. 3. We use the Sine Rule when we have: (a) any 2 angles and 1 side (b) 2 sides and 1 angle opposite one of these sides ‘To find x: x _ 8 sin 30° ~ sin 50° Se x sin 30° =522cm = 0.4120 (correct to 3 sig. fig.) @=sin' 0.4120 = 24.3° or 155.7° +: 0= 155.7" since Ois an obtuse angle. 4, When using the Sine Rule, be careful of ambiguous cases where there are two possible solutions. ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B ‘© Casco Publications Pte Lid“Sq. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: In AABC, 2 ABC = 42°, AB = 12 cm and AC = 9 cm. Find the value of ACB. SOLUTION: Using the Sine Rule, sinZACB _ sin 42° RB 9 sin ACB = B22" x19 = 0.89217 ZACB = 63.1° or 116.9° (correct to 1 d.p.) Hence, there are two possible values of ACB. “a. WORKED EXAMPLE 2: A In AABC, ZABC = 38°, ZBAC = 85° and AB = 10 em. Find (a) BC, te (b) the area of AABC. SOLUTION: (a) ZACB = 180° ~ 85° ~ 38° (Zsum of A) 7° Using the Sine Rule, (11.88 em) = 11.9 om (correct to 3 sig. fig.) L (b) Area of AABC = 5 X 11.88 X 10 X sin 38° = 36.6 cm’ (correct to 3 sig. fig.)“Sa, WORKED EXAMPLE 3: In APOR, ZQPR = 110°, PR = 12. cm and QR = 18 cm. Find (a) ZPOR, (b) PQ. 120m SOLUTION: 6 isem e (a) Using the Sine Rule, sin Z2PQR = Sin, 10° 12, 18 sin ZPQR = BHO” 5 12 = 0.6265 ZPOR = 38.79" = 38.8° (correct to 1 dp.) (ob) ZPRQ 80° ~ 110° ~38.79° (Z. sum of A) =3121° Using the Sine Rule, Po _18 _ sin 31.21° sin 110° 18 sin 110° = 9.93 em (correct to 3 sig. fig.) X sin 31.21° “SQ, WORKED EXAMPLE 4: In the diagram, triangle ORS is a right-angled triangle. 2 PQS = 70°, 2 PSQ = 35°, QS = 10.5 cmand QR=6.5 cm, Find (a) RS, (b) ZQSR, ©) PQ, (d) _ the shortest distance from S to PQ. s 555 , sy RY, 0 ome Mathematics Tutor 3B. @ Casco Publications Pre LidSOLUTION: ° SSam OR (a) Vos 8.25 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (b) In AQRS, p= 85, sin LOSR = £% ZOSR = 38.2° (correct to 1 d.p.) (©) LOPS = 180° - 70° - 35° ( sum of A) 52 Using the Sine Rule on APQS, PQ 105 sin 35° ~ Sin 75° 105 2 PQ ss x sin 35 = 6.24 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (d) Let the shortest distance from 5 to PQ be hem. In ASTQ, .87 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) +. The shortest distance from $ to PQ is 9.87 cm.ka The Cosine Rule 1, Inany AABC, the Cosine Rule states that: 3. We use the Cosine Rule when we have: (a) 2sides and an included angle | (b) 3 sides Eg. Eg. £> 80" @ Ibcom Sem, Jom 10cm 16cm To find x: To find 6: x? = 5? + T— 2(5)(7) cos 80° 10% + LIF — 16% = 6184 cos O= “3 G0x) x= V61.84 =-0.1591 =7.86 cm = 99.2° (correct to 1 dp.) (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B. © Casco Publications Pte Lid“Sau. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: In AABC, Z BAC = 95°, AB =7 cm and AC = 9 cm. Find (a) BC, (b) ZABC. SOLUTION: (a) Using the Cosine Rule, BC? = 9° +7 — 2(9)(7) cos 95° 40.982 BC = ¥140.982 1.874 11.9 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (b) Using the Sine Rule, sin ZABC _ sin 95° 9 1374 sin 95° sin ABC = TParz X9 7551 9.0° (correct to 1 d.p.) ZABC “Sq. WORKED EXAMPLE 2: In APOR, PQ =8 cm, QR = 11 emand PR=6 cm. Find (@ POR, (b) the area of APOR, (©) __ the shortest distance from @ to RP produced. SOLUTION: (a) Using the Cosine Rule, i+ 6 cos ZPOR = 371 V@) = 0.8466 ZPQR =32.16° = 32.2° (correct to 1 d.p.) (©) Ateaof APOR= $ X LX 8 X sin 32.16° = 23.42 = 23.4 cm’ (correct to 3 sig. fig.) © Casco Publications Pte Ltd Chapter 7: Trigonometry© Let the shortest distance from Q to RP produced be QT cm. Area of APQR = 23.42 cm’ 4 X PR X OT =23.42 = 781 om (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ©. The shortest distance from Q to RP produced is 7.81 cm. “Sa. WORKED EXAMPLE 3: In the diagram, ABC is a triangle. AB = 6 cm, A AC = Tcmand BC = xem. 5 Given that cos BAC =~ , find the value of x. Gem, Jem SOLUTION: B em c Using the Cosine Rule, x =T +6'—2(7)(6) cos ZBAC =F +6-20(-4) = 100 x= ¥100 = 10cm ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B ‘@Casco Publications Pre Lid“SA WORKED EXAMPLE 4: In the diagram, 2 BAC = 95°, ZACB = 52°, AC = 5 cm, CD = 6 cm and BCD is a straight line, Calculate (a) AB, (&) AD, (©) the area of AACD. A SOLUTION: (a) ZABC = 180° - 95° - 52° (Zum of A) = 33° Using the Sine Rule on ABC, A AB ‘sin52° ~ sin 33° (7.2342 em) = 72342 i : c Gem 23 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (6) ZACD = 180° - 52° (adj. Zs on a str. line) = 128° Using the Cosine Rule on ACD, AD? = 6’ + 5” 2(6)(5) cos 128° =97.94 AD = J9794 = 9.90 em (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (© Ateaof AACD = 4 x 6 x 5 x sin 128° = 11.8 cm? (correct to 3 sig. fig.) Cisco Publications Pe Lad caster7 niewoneey G)Tutorial (1) Trigonometric Ratios for Acute Angles 1. Find the value of each of the following, giving your answer correct to 4 significant figures. T (@)_ sin 24° | (b) cos 8° | tan 60° | @) cos 86.5° (©) sin 75° (tan 1.4? _ | | ®) sae (h) 3 sin 60° @_ Stan 80° @ 12-cos 22.5° (k) 20s 30°+5sin30° | (1) 8 tan 40°~3 sin 50° | 2 5 4 tan 21.36° 2sin 55° x 3.cos 55° (m) tan 18.6% xsin 214° | (ay Hehe () 2snsens _ 7 —2. Find the value of the acute angle @, in degrees, in each of the following, giving your answer cotrect to 1 decimal place. (a) sin 0=0.3456 © tno=2.113 (@ cos 0=097 () tan @=05 () sino= 3 (h) sin @=0.0701 @ coso= 4 Gj) sin @= tan 30° (k) cos @= tan 15° (1) tan @=2 sin 40° (m) sin 6=3 sin 15° (n) cos @=2 cos 84° (0) cos @ = tan 30° xsin 30° ® Casco Publications Pre Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry3. Find the value of x in each of the following triangles, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. @ 4 (b) A ° 18cm sem 8 Ic hem a Fem G © 4 @ om - A 88 10 em Sem ph em e B © A Aas 7 5 sem S (g) A h) A 82° en xem 100m B Ic 8 Fem © ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B @ Casco Publications Pre Lid4, Find the values of x and y in each of the following diagrams. Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures. @ | A 85em Sem ‘y em 143° c son eT a © A @ D yem nm A em Sem om 30 c 4 16cm 49°" yem ag D © Cusco Publications Pte Ltd ‘Chapter 7: Trigonometry5y Find the value of 8, in degrees, in each of the following triangles, giving your answer correct to | decimal place. (a) A (b) A & 9em sem a Tem © B aa Pe © zy @ ag 145em Vem G a 10cm A a © B | © 4 c ® A 250m) Sem Tem D 7 S4em bo 5 22am c (g) 4 (h) tocm 15cm D 72m 5.6 0m B B Sam ¢ c Q Mathematics Tutor 3B @Casco Publications Pre LedFind the values of @, x and/or y in-each of the following diagrams, (For lengths, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures. For angles, express your answers correct to | decimal place.) @ A ) A 6 em 170m 9em| A BP om D h TS ver B a D 120m 68°, > e © @ 4 > rem iy B 130m om 40.4.em Bem c a Tem Chapter 7: Trigonometry@O a4 @ oa = B eI Caer cr nee (K) oO : yom ee , Mathematics Tutor 3B, @Casco Publications Pte Ltd(m4 yem D @ °s a2’ 620m ven Oe @ ch 3D » yem B Cem ABCD is a rectangle. © A xem > ® yem 4 60" 26cm An 16cm 59° ny or, a 25em Oo __ 9 Bem @ A © yom 34 4 30% 45 cm iF F 70 om ae) xem 7 ar 5 em c ‘asco Publications Pte Ltd7. Inthe diagram, ZABC = ACD = 90°, ZBAC = 32°, AC = 10 cm and CD = 22 cm. Find (a) AB, (b) ZADC. 8. Inthe diagram, ABC is a triangle. AD is perpendicular to BC. ZABD = 48°, AD = 3.6 om and DC =5.9 cm. Calculate A (@) ZACD, (b) AB. 36cm ase 5 D sdem c 9, ABC isa triangle in which ABD = 40°, BD = 8 cm and CD = 10 em, Calculate (a) AB, (b) AC, () ZACD. A Sem D 10cm .10. 12. In the diagram, POR is a triangle. Given that POR = 0, PQ = 25 em and sin @= 2, find without the use of a calculator, (a) PX, p (b) the value of tan 8. In AABD, ZABD = 90°, AC = 4.1 cm, AD = 8.3 cm and AB = BC. Calculate (a) AB, A (b) ZADB, (©) the area of AACD. 83cm 4.t.em B = =p PORS is a rectangle. Given that PQ = 11 em, PT = 24 cm and ZTPS = 28°, calculate (@) QR, (bo) ST, T © Qf, @ Z7OR. Or pa s Item @ R13. 14, 15. In the diagram, ACDE is a rectangle and BCD is a straight line. Given that BAC = 34°, ZBED = 63° and DE = 33 cm, calculate (a) BC, A E (b) the area of ABE. a a 33.em nC D In the diagram, ZPQR = 90°, PS Caleulate (a) PQ, , “ — 2 Rk fom In the diagram, ABD is a right-angled triangle. The point C lies on BD. AD = 20 cm and CD =9 cm. The area of triangle ACD is 54 cm’. Calculate (a) AB, * (b) ZADB, (c) tan ZCAB. 26 cm, RS = 8 cm, and the area of APRS is 40 cm’. 206m al Tem D ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B @Casco Publications Pre Lid16. In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle of radius 8 cm, Given that ZABD = 90°, ZACB = 47° and LCAD = 20°, find (@) AB, (b) AD. 17. Mare wants to estimate the length of a wooden bridge, AB, across a river. He walks a distance of 250 m from C to B and measures 2 ACB to be 30°. Find the length of the bridge. c “250m —~=~*~*~*'s‘ 18. Alladder, XY, leans against a vertical wall, making an angle of 72° with horizontal ground. The ladder reaches a height of 3.8 m. The ladder then slides 0.5 m down the wall. (a) Calculate the length of the ladder, (b) How far has the foot of the ladder moved from its original position? @Casco Publications Pre Lid (Chapter 7: Trigonometry19. 20. 21. (a) A ladder, 8 m long, is leaning against a vertical wall making an angle of 52° with the ground. How far above the ground is the top of the ladder? (b) Ifthe ladder slips down 1.5 m from the wall, the foot of the ladder moves x m away from the foot of the wall. Find the value of x. If Bis an acute angle and sin 0= 2 «find, without using a calculator, the values of (a) cos Otan 8, (b) 20 tan 6+ 82 cos 8. In the diagram, ZABC = 90°, AC = 17 cm and AB = 8 cm. BCD is a straight line. Calculate Dy (a) sin ZBAC, (b) tan ZACB, ic (©) ZACD. ie Asn? Mathematics Tutor 3B. © Casco Publications Pte Lid22. In AABC, AB = 4 em, BC = 5 cm and ABC = 90°. Using as much of the information below as necessary, calculate the value of x° - y®. sin 53.1°=0.8 cos 36.9° = 0.8 tan 38.7° = 0.8 c Sem io tom a 23. Inthe diagram, A is (2, 10), B is (10, 4), C is (10, 10) and D is (8, 10). Calculate (a) BD’, T ) AB, CBEP Eee ce | (©) the area of ABD, C 1 C | (@) the value of tan ZBAC. hot 4d re | SEECPASCEACEEE @-Casco Publications Pre Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry24. A square of sides x cm is inscribed in a circle of radius 3 cm. Find the value of x. 25. The diagram shows a vertical building, XY. Two fire hydrants, P and Q, are on horizontal ground. Find the distance between the two water hydrants. x 26. In the diagram, P and Q, are the locations of two points on the opposite sides of a canal. The points R and S lie on the same side as the point Q. 7 POR = 90°, £ PRQ = 50° and / PSQ= 32° If QR = 25 m, find the distance of (@) PQ, (b) RS. OQ tm R 5 Mathematics Tutor 3B @Casco Publications Pte Ltd27. Ahotair balloon, A, is hovering vertically above a tower BC. A point D on level ground is 80 m_ away from the foot of the tower. /DAC = 47° and Z BDC = 28°. Find the distance of AB. 4 Bm 28. In the diagram, AB represents a vertical pole. Wires are tied from the points P and Q on level ground to the top of the pole at A such that 2 APB = 32° and ZAQB = 46°. If AP is 1.3 m longer than AQ, find (a) _ the height of the pole, (b) the distance of PQ. 29. Inthe diagram, AB is a vertical tree. P and Q are points on horizontal ground. ZAPB = 34°, ZAQB = 42° and PQ = 15 m. Find the height of the tree. A n iN PB B Q 1Sm(2) Trigonometric Ratios for Obtuse Angles 30. Express the following in terms of trigonometric ratios of acute angles and find their values. Give your answers correct to 4 significant figures. (b) sin 168° (© cos 100° (@) ‘cos 152° (8 cos 117° 31 Given that 0° < 0 < 180°, find the angle for each of the following. Given your answer correct to | decimal place. (a) sin @= 0.9085 (© cos @=-0.3264 (@)_ cos @= 0.0913 (e) sin @= tan 12° © cos ,32. The sine of an angle is 0.5680. Find two possible values of the angle. 33. Find two values of 8, in degiees, such that sin 9= $ 34, Using as much of the information given below as in necessary, evaluate @) sin 130°, - 5 (©) cos 140°, ey 50 (c) 2sin 140° - 10 cos 140°. 0.6428 0.7660 : | 0.7660 | 0.6428 35. (a) __ Given that sin x° = sin 35° and that 0° <.x° < 180°, write down the possible values of 2°. (b) Solve the equation cos y° = — cos 55°, given that 0° < y° < 180°, © Casco Publications Pre Lid CChapter7: Trigonometry36, In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. Calculate A (a) AB, (b) sin ACB, (©) cos ZACD, 13m (d) sin ZACD. B Sem D 37. In the diagram, PS@ is a straight line. Calculate P (@ PR, (b) SR, i (©) cos ZOSR, om (d) tan ZOPR, s © sin ZPSR, (cos PSR. Bem 2 isem R 38. In the diagram, ABC and CDE are straight lines. Calculate A (a) CD, (b) tan ZDBC, le (©) sin ZBDE, (d@) cos ABD. 4lom 7s - d E D c39. In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. Using as much of the information given below as is necessary, find @ CD, a (b) sin ZBDC, (©) cos ABD. a sem c 18.6 | 0319 | 0.948 | 0.337 14 | 0948 | 0319 | 2971 40. In the triangle ABC, ABC = 90°, AB = 5 cm and BC = 12 cm. BCD isa straight line. (a) Write down cos ZACD, (b) Find the perpendicular distance from B to AC. A Sem » Tem c 41. In the diagram, triangle PRS is a right-angled triangle. Q lies on PR such that PQ = QS. OR =8 cm and RS = 15 cm. Find. (@) sin ZSQR, ; (b) cos ZPQS, (© ZSPR. 150m P Q Bem RR Casco Publications Pre Ld Chapter: Trigonometry42. In the diagram, triangle ABD is a right-angled triangle. C li Given that AB = 21 cm and BC = 20 cm, express as a fraction (@) sin ZACB, (b) cos ZACD, (©) tan ZADB. s on BD such that 4CD = 3BC. 4 2lem B 2m D 43. In the diagram, triangle PQS is a right-angled triangle. The point R lies on QS such that OR = RS. PQ=8 cm and OR = 6 em. (a) Find (tan ZOPR, (ii) sin ZPRO, Gi cos ZPRS. Sem (b) Give a reason why triangle POR and triangle PRS have the same area. 6em 244, 45. © Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry In the diagram, triangle PQS is a right-angled triangle. The point R lies on QS such that QR = 2RS. Find (a) the length of PR, P (b) the ratio of tan ZPRQ to cos Z PRO, (©) cos Z PRS, (@) tan ZSPQ. @ Bem R Ss In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. AB = 15 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 17 cm. (a) Show that ZABC = 90°. (>) = 5.cm, find the area of triangle ACD. B © (tan 2BAC, (ii) sin ZACD, iii) cos ZACD. D46. Inthe diagram, BCD is a straight line. AB = 35 em, BC = 12 om and AC = 37 cm, (a) Explain why triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle. (6) Giving your answers as fractions, find 4 (i) sin ZBAC, (ii) cos ZACD. (c) Find ZACD. 35cm 37 on B an © > 47. Inthe diagram, CDEF is a trapezium. CF is parallel to DE. FCD = LCDE = 90°. DFG is a straight line. CF = 6 cm, DF = em and CFG =m’. (a) Write down an expression in terms of w for cos m°. (b) If the area of the trapezium CDEF is 4 times the area of triangle CDF, find the length of DE. Mathematics Tutor 3B ©:Casco Publications Pte Lid48. Inthe diagram, ACD is a triangle where AC = 18 cm and DA = DC = 15 cm. AC is perpendicular to BE. Find in (a) BD, (b) ADC, 150m (©) the exact value of cos CDE. | 18cm | B —E | 15m 49. Inthe diagram, triangle ABD is a right-angled triangle. C lies on BD. AB = 24 cm, CD = 15 em 3 Find in (a) _ the area of triangle ABD, (b) the exact value of cos ZACD. and tan Z.AD) 24cm B © iSem50. Sh. 52. In the diagram, triangle ABD is a right-angled triangle. The point C lies on BD. BC = 45 cm, AC = 39 cm and cos ACB = — 3 Find ni (@) cos ZACD, (b) sin ZACD, (©) _ the area of triangle ABC. 39.em é Som cD (a) If Ais an obtuse angle and sin A= 2 find without using a calculator, the value of cos A 24 (©) Ifcos A=—5E,, such that 0° < A < 180°, find, without using a calculator, the, value of sinA In the diagram, BCD is a straight line and sin @= Find the value of @ tne, (b) sin (00°- 6) (©) cos (180° - 6). P53. In the diagram, triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle. BCD is a straight line and sin @= 12 13 Find the value of A @ tne, < (b) sin (180° ~ 6), (©) cos (180° - 6), (@) sin ZACD. 54, The diagram shows the points A(4, 3), B(-1,~9) and C(8, 3). Find (a) the length of AB, (b) the area of AABC, He (©) the value of sin 2CAB, HEH (d) the value of cos 2CAB. iy @Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry55. ABC is a right-angled, isosceles triangle and AB = BC = 1 unit. Show that sin 45° = 56. PQR is an equilateral triangle of sides 2 units. Show that (a) sin30°= vie (b) cos 30° = ale (© tan 60° = A @ Cusco Publications Pte Ltd(3) Area of Triangle 57. Find the area of each of the following figures, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. @ 4 ©) nem | 10cm —¢ idem B © ,em 20m B © 4 © A B D ah c 6em Sem Y e ©Casco Publications Pre Lid( A ) ® 7 wo 9.1 cm 6em, p 16cm se 85cm AD B ic aS 8em B 23 cm Cc @ A 0 Tem, 0.0m B E 6em Gem ¢ Sem D o D A © Sem Gan 2 Mathematics Tutor 3B ‘Casco Publications Pte Lia58. Find the value of @ or x in each of the following figures. (a) Area of AABC = 9 cm? (b) Area of ADEF = 18 cm’ FE Tem, 12em (ec) Area of AGHI = 12 cm? G (e+ 2)em (d) Area of parallelogram JKLM = 24 cm* J M 3rem, xem 59. Calculate the area of the shaded part of each figure. (a) ©) S 2m Q im Xx PQis aanare of a circle, centre X and radius 18 m. [Take = 3.142,] Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry60. Inthe diagram, triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle. AB = 6 cm, AD = 15 cm, BC = 1 emand ZCAD = 46°. Find D (@) AC, s (b) the area of triangle ACD. om A 6em B Trem c 61. In APQR, PQ =7 cm, OR = 10 cm and the area of APOR is 20 cm’, Find ZPQR. 62. In rhombus PORS, PQ = 12 cm and the area of the rhombus is 142 cm’. Find LOPS. P 12em, 63. In AABC, ZBAC = 100° and AB = 2AC. Given that the area of ABC is 80 cm’, find the length of AC. A 100° Lo ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B @Casco Publications Pte Lid64. 65. In quadrilateral WXYZ, ZZXY = 32°, XW = 8.5 cm, XZ = 15.8 cm and XY = 10.2 cm. Given that the area of the quadrilateral WXYZ is 108.6 cm®, find (a) the area of triangle XYZ, (b) the size of the obtuse angle WXZ. in the diagram, triangle ABD is a right-angled triangle. AB = 15 m, ZABD = 60° and ZBCD = 55°. Given that BC = BD, find (a) BD, (b) the area of triangle BCD, 15m, (©) the shortest distance from B to CD. ad D 55° & é @Casco Publications Pte Lid66. 67. In triangle ABC, AB = 2x om, AC = (x + 2) cm, ZBAC = 30° and the area of triangle ABC is 24 cm’, find the value of x. a (c+#2) em, fs S a 2rem The diagram’shows an isosceles triangle ABC. BA = BC = (x + 3) cm and ZBAC = 15°. If the area of triangle ABC is 36 em’, find the value of x. B (+3) om ~ erg — pe se68. In triangle ABC, AB = 4x om, AC = 7x cm and ZBAC = 100°. Given that the area of triangle ABC is 480 cm’, find the value of x. A 100° xm aa 69. Inthe diagram, PORS is a parallelogram. PQ = (3x + 1) cm, QR = (x+3) cmand ZOPS = 150° If the area of the parallelogram PQRS is 110 cm”, find the value of x. By Gx+ Dem a On wien & .70. (a) —Aregular hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 6 cm. Find the area of the hexagon. (b) Athombus ABCD has the same area as the hexagon. Given that ZABC = 125°, find the length of AB 71. (@)_— Arregular octagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 18 cm, Find the area of the octagon. (b) The area of the octagon is twice the area of the parallelogram PORS. Given that PQ=20 cm and QR = 26 cm, find 2 POR.(4) Sine Rule and Cosine Rule 72. Find the values of the unknowns in each of the following figures. @ n Bem xem ose, “em S B S62 B BES ¢ © i @ c J 10cm 4 6s A aria c \ Sem 6em | B | ©) A wo c sem % ‘Sem 2 > Tem c B © Cusco Publications Pte Lid(e) (b) A dS som/*” xe a Dem i @ @ A Idem them © bem xem em pA B tiem G (ky a A 4 8em c Sem o 120m sem Fe ™ B Lass BO Sem Mathematics Tutor 3B. Casco Publications Pte Lid(m) A @) 4 3 2iem em) © onl oo B idem B (0) A ) A 8em pen B 5 c 6 em eae) @ Casco Publications Pte Lid ‘Chapter 7: Trigonometry@ Bem 7 18cm Aso" B xem C 9cm D (8) BCEF is a semicircle, centre O. ABCD is a rectangle. ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B @Casco Publications Pte Lid73. Intriangle ABC, AB = 6 cm, AC 9.om and BC =4.5 cm. Find ZABC. A em c 6em 4.5 em NY 3 74, The sides of a triangle are of lengths of 8 cm, 15 cm and 19 cm. Calculate the largest angle in triangle. 75. Intriangle POR, PQ =5 cm, QR =6 em and PR =7 cm. Find the value of cos 2.Q, giving your answer as a fraction, in its simplest form, R Tem, 6em Som76. The sides of a triangle are of lengths 6 cm, 8 cm and 12 em, Calculate, as a fraction, in its simplest form, the cosine of the angle opposite the shortest side. 77. . Intriangle ABC, AB = 4 cm, BC = 6 cm and AC = 5 cm, Calculate the value of cos ZABC, giving your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms A 4m Sem Gem 78. Inthe diagram, AB = 8 cm, BD = 4.2. cm, ABC is a straight line and sin Z DBC = $ Calculate, without the use of a calculator, (a) sin ZABD, (b) the area of AABD.79. In the diagram, ABC is a triangle. AB = 8 cm, AC = 7.5 cm and BC = x cm. Given that 13 cos ABAC = find the value of x. 80. In the diagram, ABCD is a kite. ZABC = 125°, 2 BAC = 65° and AB = AD = 9 cm. Find (a) _ the length of BD, (bo) ZBCD. A81. Inthe diagram, LMN is a triangle. LM = 55 m, ZLMN = 50° and ZLNM = 35°. Find (a) MN, (b) the area of triangle LMN. B Sm, 50° 35°, 82. The diagram shows a triangular vegetable garden POR on horizontal ground. PQ = 6.8 m, PR=5.9 mand ZPRQ = 76°. . (a) Find ZPOR (b) Calculate the area of the vegetable garden. 78 R Oo83. The diagram shows a cloth badge, ABCD in the shape of a trapezium with AD parallel to BC. AD = 36 mm, BC = 54 mm, ZABC = 32° and 2CAD = 27°. Calculate (a) ZBAC, (b) Ac, A 36m D (c) the area of the trapezium ABCD. 84. Inthe diagram, PR is perpendicular to XS. PR bisects QS. AB = 30 cm and cos ZPQR = 2 : Find P (a) sin ZPOX, (b) cos ZPOX, (©) _ the area of triangle PQS. 300m, xo R s85. In the diagram, AB is a vertical pole. C and D are two pegs on level ground. ADB = 30°, ZACB = 57° and CD = 12 m, Find A (@ AD, (b) © the height of the pole. Z LY D Dim ic B 86. In triangle ABC, AB = 5x cm, AC = 8x cm and BAC = 95°. Given that the area of triangle ABC is 180 cm’, find the value of x, 7 Sem oS Seem87. 88. In the diagram, AC = 40 em, BC = 27 em, C. line, Caleulate (a) AB, A (b) AD, (©) the area of ABD, (@)__ the shortest distance from A to BD. = 32cm, ZACB 110° and BCD isa straight a B tiem C Stem In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangular wire frame. It is strengthened by 3 thicker wires BM, BN and MN. BN =7.2 m, BM = 8.4 m, ZABN = 48° and ZNBM = 29°. Calculate (a) AB, 4 N. D (b) MC, (c) the area of triangle BMN, @ =~ MN.89. Inthe diagram, AB and CE are two vertical poles. AE, BE and DE are wires tied to the poles as shown. BE = 6 m, ABB = 57°, EBC = 29° and Z BED = 90°. Calculate @ ¢ A (b) BD, (©) AE, (d) the area of triangle ABE. sre 6m + f ob 90. PORS is a parallelogram with PQ = 11.2 cm, OR = 15.8 cm, ZPQT = 21° and ZRST = 60°. (a) Find () Zaps, (i) ZTOR. (b) Find the area of parallelogram PORS. (©) Show that QT = 15.41 cm, correct to 4 significant figures. (@) Find the length of RT.91. In the diagram, AC is a wooden bridge across a pond ABCD. AB = 65 m, AC = 62 m, AD = 86 m, BC = 88 m and ZACD = 71°, Calculate > (a) ZBAC, (b) ZCAD, 86m. (©) the area of triangle ACD. A 65m B wm 92. In the diagram, BAD = 90°, ZCBD = 63°, ZBDC = 40°, AB = 9 cm and BD = 17 cm. Calculate 4 (@ AD, b (b) ZABD, (©) BC, (@) the shortest distance from D to BC. © Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry93. The diagram shows a rectangular field PORS. PQ = 10.4m, QT =9.6 m, OTR = 68° and the point 7 lies on RS. Find (a) (b) (©) (d) © QR, f 7 ST, as, 2SQT, the area of ASOT. 4m {t 8" Q ~ R 94, Inthe diagram, PT = 6 cm, QR = 12 cm, RT=5 em, ZTSR = 23°, 2PTQ = 135° and QRS isa straight line. Calculate (@) (b) () @ ©) os, Mi or, PQ, ZPgr, the area of the quadrilateral POST. - Matheates Tor 38 Grice Pubicaons Pe Led95. Inthe diagram, AC = 4.8 cm, BD = 3.8 cm, CD = 5 cm, ZBDC = 108° and BDA is a straight ine. Calculate (a) BC, (b) the area of ABCD, (c) the obtuse ZBAC, (d) the shortest distance from C to BD produced, 96. In the diagram, AD = 3 cm, straight lines. (a) Calculate @ cD, (ii) the area of ACED. (b) Given that the area of the quadrilateral ABED is 14.5 cm’, find the length of BE. em, ZDEC = 65° and ZDCE = 30°. ADC and BEC are B E Tem c97. In the diagram, RS = 9 cm, RV =7 cm, ST = 10 om, ZTRV = 32° and ZRTV = 70°. STU and RVU are straight lines. Calculate (a) RT, (b) ZRTS, (©) TU, (@) the area of ARSU. ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B i0em ©Casco Publications Pre Lid2. © Casco Publications Pre Lid Chapter 7: Trigonometry ALA THINKING SKILLS CORNER In triangle POR, 2 POR = 27°, 2PTQ = 90°, P QT = 3xcm and RT =x cm. Calculate ZOPR. In the diagram, AB = BC = CD = DE= EF = xem. Find the value of tan 6.3. In the diagram, triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle. D is the foot of the perpendicular from C to AB, Given that AC = 20 em, ZACD = 0 and cos @ = 0.6, find, without the use of a calculator, (a) sin 8, (b) tan (90° - 6), A (BD. 5 20 em @ 4. Inthe diagram, AD = CE, AB = 12 cm, BE=5 cm and ZBCD = 32°. Find (a) ZBAE, (b) CE. in D Rem | BD OEA shelter of width 150 cm in front of a building is held in a horizontal position by a support of length 120 cm at an angle of 30° as illustrated below. Find the distance, x cm, by which the shelter overhangs the support. Give your answer correct to 2 significant figures. A wheel of diameter 120 cm rolls up a 11° incline. Find the height of the centre of the wheel above the base of the incline after the wheel has completed one revolution. (Take « = 22.) Chapter 7: Trigonometry7. Triangle ABC is such that AB : BC : AC = 4: 3 : 2. Given that the area of AABC is 180 cm’, find (@) ACB, (bo) AC. 8. In APOR, PQ =36 cm, OR= + PQ and PR > PQ. Ifthe area of APOR is 255 em’, find the perimeter of APOR, giving your answer correct to the nearest centimetre.9. Inthe diagram, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ZADC = 105°, AB = 4.8 cm, AD = 3.6 cm and CD = 4.2 cm. Calculate > (a) the length of BC, a (b) the area of ABCD, 105° ep A c — 10. ‘The diameter of the circle, centre O, is 24 cm. Find the area of AABC. B . Ae 3 lc11. The diagram shows three identical circles of centres P, Q and R touching each other. Given that the area of APQR is 24 cm’, find the area of the three circles. [Take w= 3.14.] 12. A ladder leans against a wall making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. When the ladder is moved 1.5 m nearer to the wall, it makes an angle of 50° with the horizontal. Find the length of the ladder.Applications of Trigonometry Targets + Solve problems involving angles of elevation and depression. * Solve problems involving bearing. + Use trigonometry to solve 3-dimensional problems. Angles of Elevation and Depression = co wwe Finale of elevation Langle of depression Tins op OF sige 1. When you look at the airplane, the angle between the line of sight and the horizontal line is called the angle of elevation. horizontal line 2. When you look down at the car, the angle between the horizontal line and the line of sight is called the angle of depression Angle of elevation and angle of depression horizontal * horizontal ~ oO Za=angle of elevation of B from A Zb = angle of depression of A from B La= Lb (alt. Zs) @Casco Publications Pte Ltd Chapter 8: Appl“&.. WORKED EXAMPLE 1: The angle of elevation of the top of a flagpole from a point on the ground 16 m from its base is 41°, Find the height of the flagpole, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places. SOLUTION: Let the height of the flagpole by xm. tan 41°= 16 tan 41° 13.91 m (correct to 2 d.p.) . The height of the flagpole is 13.91 m. “€ WORKED EXAMPLE 2: From a vertical cliff 98 m above the shore line, the angle of depression of a boat is 32°, Find the distance of the boat to the base of the cliff, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. SOLUTION: Let the required distance be x m. P- ZORS = ZPOR (alt. 2s, PQ // RS) 32° tan 32° = x= 8 ~ tan 32° R oat xm s = 157 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) <. The distance of the boat to the base of the cliff is 157 m. “S\ WORKED EXAMPLE 3: A large advertising sign stands on top of a building. The angles of elevation from a point on level ground 80 m from the base of the building to the bottom of the sign is 36° and to the top of the sign is 41°. Find the height of the sign. SOLUTION: In AADC, oe AC tan 41° = 30 AC = 80 tan 41° = 69.54.m Mathematics Tutor 3B © Casco Publications Pte LtdIn ABDC, BC 4 0 . BE sign tan 36° = 3 B BC = 80 tan 36° [oo =58.12m oo AB = AC ~ BC oa = 69.54 ~ 58.12 = 114m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ate “ 36° im co [> Bearings 1. Abearing is an angle that tells the direction of one place from another. 2. Bearings are always (a) measured from the north, (b) measured in a elockwise direction, (©) written as a three-digit number. (000° to 360°) Eg. N N N p B 125° 0367 i A > 330 The bearing of B ‘The bearing of The bearing of from A is 036°. “€& WORKED EXAMPLE 1: Write down the bearing of (a) Afrom 0, (&) Biromo, (©) C from 0, (@ Ofrom A, (©) O from B, () O from C. @Cusco Publications Pte Lid D from Cis 125°. F from E is 330°. q A c oy 30° 0 20° B Chapter 8: Applications of TrigonometrySOLUTION: (Alt. Zs, tines) Mines) Alizs, oN Mines) 20°—4 (a) Bearing of A from O= 040° +—— (b) Bearing of B from O = 180° + 20° = 200° (c) Bearing of C from O= 270° + 30° = 300° (d) Bearing of O from A = 180° + 40° = 220° (e) Bearing of O from B = 020° (0) Bearing of O from C= 90° + 30° = 120° “€3n, WORKED EXAMPLE 2: Three points P, Q and R are on level ground such that R is cue north of P, the bearing of Q from P is 028° and the bearing of Q from R is 059°. The distance of PQ is 180 m. Calculate (a) the length of PR, (b) the shortest distance from R to PQ. y SOLUTION: ° Three-Dimensional Problems ‘To solve a given three-dimensional problem, (a) _ reduce it to a problem in a plane, i.e. look for right-angled triangles in the relevant planes, and then () apply the Pythagoras’ Theorem or the trigonometric ratios (sin, cos or tan) to these triangles to find the unknowns. “san, WORKED EXAMPLE 1: ‘The diagram shows a wooden wedge. ABCD is a horizontal rectangle and CE and DF are vertical lines. Given that AF = BE = 20 cm, AB = DC = FE = 15 cm and ZDAF = LCBE = 32°, calculate (a) AE, (bo) CE, (©) LAC. SOLUTION: (a) In AAEF, AE? = 20? +157 = 625 AE = (625 =25em A (b) In ABEC, is 0 = CE sin 32° = soem CE = 20 x sin 32° = 10.598 = 10.6 cm (correct to 3 sig. fig.) Bat Do (©) In AAC, é 10.598 iS se 10.598 em ZAEC = 64.9° (correct to 1 d.p.) A . Cc {@Casco Publications Pre Lid Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry“©. WORKED EXAMPLE 2: The diagram shows a rectangular box which has a horizontal base PORS. PQ = 8 cm, QR = 15 cm and RV =6 em. X lies on VW such that VX =3 em, Find (a) (b) ZOSU, LOXR. SOLUTION: (a) (b) In ASFO, 8 OS? = 15° +8? = 289 Qs = 289 150m = 17cm In AUQS, ; su = & tan LOSU = 5 ZQSU = 194° (comect to I dp.) In AxRV, XR? =3+6? a =45 oom XR = V45 om In AXOR, 15 tan LOXR = Tag ZOXR = 65.9° (correct to 1 d.p.) fen @ Tom x a Sem R @Casco Publications Pte Lid“WORKED EXAMPLE 3: In the diagram, A, B, C and D are points on the four comers of a horizontal rectangular field ABCD. CE represents a tree. The angle of elevation of E from p _ Ais 18°, ZACD = 42° and AC = 130 m, Calculate (a) the length of CD, (b) the height of the tree, (©) the angle of elevation of £ from D. A SOLUTION: (a) In AACD, D, c cos 42° = PB CD = 130 cos 42° 130 m = 96.61 = 96.6 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (b) In AEAC, 0 _ CE tan 18° = 55 CE = 130 tan 18° = 42.24 m = 42.2 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) A 130m c ‘The height of the tree is 42.2 m. (© In AEDC, 7 42.24 tan LEDC = Feet 42.24 m LEDC = 23.6° (correct to 1 d.p.) > fF 96.61 m The angle of elevation of E from D is 23.6° “€ x, WORKED EXAMPLE 4: In the diagram, A, B and C are three points on level ground. B is due east of A and the bearing of C from A is 062°. (a) Given that AB = 36 m and AC = 58 m, calculate the length of BC. (b) A vertical mast 7R, stands at R, such that N tan ZTAB = é e Find @ TB, 58m Gi) the angle of elevation of T from C. 2 9622 A 36m B © Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 8: Applications of TrigonometrySOLUTION: (a) ZBAC =90° ~ 62° = 28° N Using the Cosine Rule, BC? = 58° + 36° ~ 2(58)(36) cos 28° 972.8 58m BC = Y9R28 =31.19 = 31.2 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) 3 (6) @ In ATaB, _B tan 2TAB = 7% iv 4B 9” 36 ee f 7B = 4 x36 A b =5 36m =16m Gi) In ATBC, “ 16. tan 2TCB = 5 oa LICB = 27.2° (correct to | dip.) e 31.19 m i «. The angle of elevation of T from C is 27.2°. “WORKED EXAMPLE 5: In the diagram, ABC represents a horizontal triangular field and AT r represents a vertical pole, AB = 96 m, AC = 59 m, ZBAC = 68° and the angle of elevation of the top of the pole from B is 15°. (a) Calculate (i) the height of the pole, 59m Gi) the length of BC, (iii) the area of the field ABC. (b) Aman walks from B towards C until he reaches a point D where AD is minimum. Find the distance of AD. (©) Calculate the greatest angle of elevation of the top of the pole when viewed from any point on BC. |SOLUTION: (a) (b) © jw In ATBA, «= AP tan 15° = 06 AT = 96 tan 15° B = 25.72 = 25.7 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) .’. The height of the pole is 25.7 m. 96m A (ii) Using the Cosine Rule on AABC, BC? = 59° + 967 — 2(59)(96) cos 68° = 8453.46 BC = VB453.46 = 91.94 = 91.9 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) (ii) Area of field ABC = $ x 59 X 96 X sin 68° = 2625.78 = 2630 m? (correct to 3 sig. fig.) AD 1 BC for AD to be minimum. Area of field ABC = 2625.78 m* HX BCX AD = 2625.78 $x 91.94 x AD = 2625.78 2625.78 x2 AD = OL 94 =57.12 = 57.1 m (correct to 3 sig. fig.) ‘The greatest angle of elevation of the top of the pole is viewed from the point D on BC, ie. where AD is minimum r In ATDA, a ra 2 2322 5.72. tan ZTDA = pe LTDA = 242° (correct to 1 d.p.) 37.12 m A <. The greatest angle of elevation of the top of the pole when viewed from any point on BC is 24.2°.“@&,. WORKED EXAMPLE 6: In the diagram, T is a point at sea level at the foot of a vertical cliff. P and Q are the locations of two fishing boats. TP = 635 m and 7Q = 900 m. The bearing of P from T is 054° and the bearing of Q from T is 106° (a) Calculate (i) the distance between the two boats, Gi) ZPQT, (iii) the bearing of Q from P. (b) Sis.a point at the top of the cliff vertically above T. The angle of elevation of S from Qis 5°. Calculate @ ST, (ii) the greatest possible angle of elevation of S from a point on PQ. SOLUTION: (a) (i) — ZPTQ=106°-54° 52° Using the Cosine Rule, PQ = 635° + 900° — 2(635)(900) cos 52° 109 524 PQ = 509524 N N 13.8m 14 m @ sig. fig.) 83.49° - 54° = 29.49" (ii) Using the Sine Rule, sin POT _ sin 52° 635 713.8 544 sin 52° 635 en sin ZPOT = SH x63 r =0.7010 ZPOT = 44.51° Si dp) 2 Gi) ZTPQ = 180° - 52° — 44.51° (Z sum of A) = 83.49° Bearing of Q from P = 180° - 29.49° (adj. Zs ona str. line) = 150.5° (correct to 1 dip.) y Mathemaies Toe 38 © Cosco Publications Pe Ledo) @ Gi) ¥ ase 00 m TV = 900 sin 44.51° | = 630.93 m ¢ In ASTV, 78.74 78.74m tan 2svr = TS ZSVE=7.1° (correct to 1 d.p.) rT @055m~—~—Y +. The greatest possible angle of elevation of S from a point on PQ is 7.1°.Tutorial (1) Angles of Elevation and Depression 1. The angle of elevation of a building PQ from a point M on the ground 25 m from its base is 36°. Find the height of the building 36° M 25m 2. The angle of depression of a boat C, 300 m away from the base of a vertical cliff BD is 29°. Calculate the height of the cliff. “393 3. From the top of a building ST 36 m high, the angle of depression of a truck P is 40°. How far is the truck from the foot of the building? 36 m| 4, Find the angle of elevation of the top of a flagpole AB 16 m high from a point D 12 m away on ground level. A D im B ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B ® Casco Publications Pre Lid5. From a police helicopter B flying at 380 m vertically above D, a stolen car C is sighted at an angle of depression of 48.2°. Find the distance of the car from a point directly below the helicopter. 6. A boat C is 200 m from the foot of a cliff AB 80 m high. Find the angle of depression of the boat as seen from the top of the cliff. 7. Apoint Mis exactly midway between two flagpoles 50 m apart. The angles of elev: tops of the flagpoles from M are 26° and 33° respectively. Find the difference in height of the flagpoles. 8. Amy stands 12 m from the base of a tree. The angle of elevation of the top of the tree is 25° Her eye level is 1.5 m above the ground. Find the height of the tree. 2m9. Brian is flying a kite. The string is 35 m long and he holds the lower end of the string at a distance of 1.2 m above the ground. Find the angle at which the string is inclined to the horizontal when the kite is flying at a height of 29.5 m. 10. John observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a building AD from B is 40°. If he walks 20 m towards the building to C, the angle becomes 50°. Find the height of the building. aoe 50° mmc 11. Apilot of an aeroplane flying horizontally at a height of 3500 m sees a lighthouse at an angle of depression of 62°. The aeroplane is directly above the lighthouse 15 seconds later. Find the speed of the aeroplane, giving your answer in m/s. Casco Publications Pte Ltd12. Inthe diagram, CD is a building. A and B are two points on level ground, The angle of elevation of the top the building from A is 23°, AB = 40 m and AC = 110 m. Calculate (a) _ the height of the building, (>) the angle of depression of B from the top of the building. TIO m 13. From the top of a lighthouse, 42.8 m above the sea, the angles of depression of two yachts, A and B, in line with the foot of the lighthouse are 36° and 48° respectively. Find the distance between the yachts, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places. 36 Ta NS 48° mn aam | | o y ©Casco Publications Pre Led Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry14. Andy wants to measure the height of a building. He measures the angle of elevation of the top of the building from a point A which is 58.2°. He then walks a distance of 108.3 m to a point Band finds that the angle of elevation is now 40.9°. Find the height of the building. Ase B 1083m A 15, An aerial is mounted on top of a block of flats. From a point 50 m away from the block of flats, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of the aerial are 43° and 36.5° respectively. Calculate the height of the aerial. ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B @.Casco Publications Pte Lid16. The angle of elevation of the foot of a tower from a boat is 32°. The tower is located at the edge of a cliff which is 70 m high. (a) Find the distance from the boat to the base of the cliff. (b) Given that the tower is 48 m high, find the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the boat, 17. Two towers, P and Q are located 150 m apart. The angles of depression from the top of Tower P to the top and bottom of Tower @ are 12.5° and 52.5° respectively. Find the heights of the two towers,18, 19. A car is 50.6 m from the foot of a building,x m high. The angle of depression of the car from the top of the building is y°. When the car moves zm directly towards the building, the angle of depression becomes 60° and its distance from the top of the building is 32.5 m. Find the values of x,y and z. The angles of elevation and depression of the top and bottom of a tree, AB, 30 m high from point C, hm high are 63° and 25° respectively. Calculate (a) CP, >) A I20. Point A, point B and a flagpole lie in a straight line. The flagpole is in between the two points. The angles of elevation of the top of the flagpole from points A and B are 30° and 45° respectively. If the two points are 50 m apart, find the height of the flagpole. 21, James stands at a height of x m and looks out the window of a hotel. He sees a police car parked on the road below. His angle of depression is 40°. At the same time, John standing 20 m above James sees the same police car from the window. His angle of depression is 54°. Calculate (a) the distance of the police car from the foot of the hotel, (b) the value of x. © Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry(2) Bearings 22. — State the bearing of (a) Bfromo, y (b) Dfromo, (©) Ofrom A, @) Ofromc, (©) O from D. 23. Inthe diagram, X, ¥ and Z are three points on level ground. Find the bearing of (a) ¥ from X, (b) Zfrom X, y (©) Xfrom ¥, @ Zfrom Y, (©) XfromZ, (® YfromZ. .24. The diagram shows the position of two cones, A and B on a horizontal field. Find the bearing of Ny (a) B from A, (6) A from B. 130°, 8 25. The diagram shows the positions of three yachts, P, Q and R. RP = RQ, 2 PRQ = 86° and the bearing of R from P is 078°. Find N (a) the bearing of Q and P, (b) the bearing of Q and R. Q 26. In the diagram, P, Q, R and S are four points on level ground. R is due east of P. PQ = PR, ZSPR = 30° and ZPRQ = 33°. Find (a) the bearing of P from S, (b) the bearing of R from Q. —27. Inthe diagram, A, B, C and D represents the positions of 4 fishing boats. A is 45 m due west of D. Bis 60 m due south of A, ZBDC = 90°. Find (a) the bearing of D from B, (b) _ the bearing of C from D. 28. Three oil rigs, A, B and C shown in the diagram, are such that AB = AC. The bearing of C from Ais 108° and the bearing of B from A is 338°. Calculate the bearing of (a) A from B, N (b) A from C, (© BfromC. a A G , (CQ) meaematios two 38 ®Casco Publications Pre Lid29. Inthe diagram, P, Q, R and S are four towns. Find the bearing of (a) Qfrom P, (>) P from , (©) SfromR, @ ~~ Rftom Q, (©) P from Q. 30. The diagram shows three points A, B and C on level ground. C is equidistant from A and B. The bearing of C from A is 115° and ZBAC = 77°. Find the bearing of (a) A from C, : (b) BfromC, (c) A from B, @) CC from B. 7S i f31. A ship sailed 60 km from Port A to Port B on a bearing of 130°. It then sailed another 40 km on a bearing of 060° to Port C. A cargo ship sails directly from Port A to Port C. How far did the cargo ship sail? 32. A,B, Cand D represent 4 buoys on the surface of the sea. A is due north of D. The three buoys, A, Band C, lie on a straight line. (@) Calculate @ CD, Gi) AD, (iii) the bearing of D from C, (iv) the area of triangle BCD. (b) A boat travels from C to D. Find the shortest distance of the boat from B. zZ Ge (C2 Mathematis Toor 3B @Casco Publications Pte Lid33. An aeroplane was scheduled to fly from Airport A to Airport B which is 250 km due east of Airport A. Due to bad weather, it flew to Airport C which is on a bearing of 080° from Airport A, Given that Airport C is due north of Airport B, calculate the distance between Airport A and Airport C. 34. P,Q and R are three points on a field. Philip walked 50 m from P to Q on a bearing of 070°. He then walked 80 m from Q to R on a bearing of 120°. Finally he walked from R to P. How far did he walk altogether? 35. Two ships, Seagull and Kingfisher, left the same port at noon, Seagull sailed at 15 km/h on a bearing of 063°. Kingfisher sailed at 18 km/h on a bearing of 125°. How far apart were the two ships at 3 p.m.?36. In the diagram, P is 12 km due north of Q, PR = 7.5 km and Z.QPR = 65°. Find (a) the bearing of P from R, (b) the length of OR. . th. fae 1Skm R 12k) @ 37. A cruise ship sailed from Port A to Island X which is 30 km due east of Island Y. Given that ZAXY = 50° and LAYX = 55°, calculate awk (@) the bearing of X from A, Legg aye (b) the bearing of Y from A, (©) _ the distance of AX, (@) the shortest distance between Island ¥ and the ship during its journey. 438. The diagram shows the positions of four buoys A, B, C and D in the sea. D is 35 km due north of A, Cis 52 km from A on a bearing of 026°, B is 60 km from A and C is 88 km from B. Calculate (a) CD, (b) the area of AACD, (©) _ the bearing of B from A. 39. PORS represents a field. P is due north of Q and R is due east of @. 2QPR = 52°, PR= 50 m, PS =74 mand RS = 67 m. (a) _ Find PRS. (b) Find the bearing of R from S. s Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry40. Inthe diagram, PORS shows a camping site. QT and QS represents two footpaths. QT= 40 m, QS =70 m, ZOPT = 47°, ZORS = 40° and OTS = ZQSR = 90°. PTS (a) Calculate @ PS, Gi) QR. (b) Sis due cast of P, Calculate the bearing of Q from S. is a straight Line. 41, In the diagram, A, B, C and D are four points on level ground. AC = 30 km, AD = 42 km, CD =35 km, ZABC = 32°, ZACB = 43° and Cis due east of B. (a) Calculate @ BC, (i) ZACD, (iii) the bearing of D from C, (b) Aman walks due east from B. Calculate the shortest distance of the man from A. ®@ Casco Publications Pre Lid42. 43 In the diagram, A, B,C and D are four islands. D is 120 km due north of A. B is due south of A. LBAC = 36°, ZABC = 47° and C and D are equidistant from A. (a) (b) Calculate (i) the distance of BC, ii) _ the bearing of D from C. A ship sails from C to D at 15 kev/h starting at 7.20 a.m. on Sunday. Find the time and day it reaches Island D, giving your answer correct to the nearest minute. N 120 km P,Q,R and S are four ports. A ship sails 10 km from P to Q on a bearing of 285°. It then sails 6 km from Q to R ona bearing of 220°. (a) (o) Calculate (i) the bearing of P from Q, (ii) how far Q is west of P, (ii) the distance of PR. The ship finally sails from R to S which is due north of Q. Given that ZRSQ = 30°, calculate (i) the distance of RS, (ii) the shortest distance between Port Q and the ship as it sails from R to S,44, 45, To find the distance between the two points, A and B, of a canyon, a surveyor measures 100 m from A to C which is on a bearing of 317.4° from A. The bearing of B from A is 065° and the bearing of B from C is 072.5°. Find the distance of AB. ‘Two marine patrol bases R and S are located 60 km apart along a coastline with $ due east of R. The coast guards at R and S both receive an SOS signal from a fishing boat, 7. The bearing of the boat from R is 162° and the bearing from Sis 229°. Calculate (a) the distance of the boat from R, (b) the distance of the boat from S, eee, (©) __ the shortest distance of the si 60 km o boat to land. Mathematics Tutor 3B. (@®Casco Publications Pre Lid46. 47. P,Q, R and S are four points on level ground. Andy walked 200 m due south from P to Q. He then walked from Q, on a bearing of 058° till he reaches the point R which is a point nearest to P. He then walked from R to a point § where PS = 150 m and the bearing of $ from P is 046°. Find the distance of RS. In the diagram, A, B and C are three points on level ground. B is 75 m from A, on a bearing of 060°. C is due south of B and is 90 m from A. (a) (b) (©) Calculate (i) the bearing of A from B, (i) ZACB. Atte T, is located 50 m due west of A. A man walks from the tree directly to B. How far does he walk? ‘The man continues to walk from B towards C until he reaches a point E where ET is minimum. Find the di tance of ET. | som /(3) Three-Dimensional Problems 48. Find the lengths and angles of the following diagrams. @ G 5 Tem Jc Tem aS FO | ABCDEFGH is cuboid. | ind | (i) AC, (i) AG, (iit) ZGAC. (b) A Jen B ABCDEFGH is a cube. Find @ AF, AG, (ii), ZAGF. © a 6cm B ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. Find @ Ac, (ii) HC, (ii) ZBCA. (d) SB “Ten ABCDEF is a triangular prism. Find @ cx, (i) FX, (iii), LFXC. ‘Casco Publications Pte Ltd© v wo v Sen 16em c c % om fem A ay isem 8 VABCD is a right rectangular VABCD is a right rectangular pyramid pyramid. M is the midpoint of BC. Find Find @ Ax, (i) vm, (ii)_VX, (ii) VB, (iii) ZVAX. (iii), 2VMX, (iv) ZBVM. FE E @) FE FI J Wem EC 40cm W§c 16 em Kh, a 306m f* 7 B ABCDE i : anc! EF is a triangular prism. ABCDEF is a triangular prism. @ Ac, ane (ii) EC, ") (ii) AB, (ili) ZEAC. aaWanAe © Casco Publications Pte Lid YS49. 50. The diagram shows a wedge. The rectangular base ABCD rests on level ground and is perpendicular to CEFD. Given that AE = 52 em, ZEAF = 38° and ZEBC = 25°, find (a) BE, (b) EC, (© ZAEC. ‘The diagram shows a prism. Its base, ABCD is a rectangle. ZADE = ZBCF = 90°, BC = 35cm, CF = 12 em and EF = 30 em. Calculate (@) DF, E 30.em F (b) BD, (c) BDF, (d) the volume of the prism. Casco Publications Pre Lid51 52. ‘The diagram shows a rectangular box with base ABCD. Given that AB = 10 cm, BC = 24 cmand AE = 16 cm, calculate @ Ac, (b) EC, (c)__ the angle between AC and EC. H G ‘The diagram shows a cylinder with a circular base of diameter 16 cm and height 15cm. X and ¥ are the midpoints of AB and CD respectively. Calculate (a) BC, (b) CX, (ce) ZCXD.53. In the diagram, VPQRS is a pyramid with a horizontal square base PQRS of side 8 cm. The diagonals of the base intersect at X. V is 12 cm vertically above X. The midpoint of PQ is M. Calculate (@) x, ) VO, (©) VM, @ ZovM, (©) ZVOX. Q Bem R 54. The diagram shows a cuboid. Given that AB = 12 em, BC = 16 cm and CG =9 cm, calculate (a) (b) (c) @ AC, CH, AH, ZAHC.55. The diagram shows (a) (b) (©) Take m= 22 ( Take x = 7 ) ight circular cone of base radius 8.5 cm and height 14 cm. Calculate the stant height of the cone, ZLAVB, the volume of the cone. 56. The diagram shows a pyramid VABCD with a rectangular base. V is vertically above X. X is the point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD and Y is the midpoint of BC. Given that AB = 9.6 em, AD = 12.8 om and VA = 17 em, calculate (a) 0) © (d) ©) VX, VY, ZVAX, ZXVY, the volume of the pyramid VABCD.57. The diagram shows a triangular prism with PQRS lying on a horizontal plane. The points U and T are vertically above S and R respectively. The point V lies on UT such that UV = 4 UT. Given that PQ = 12 em, OR = 10 om and RT =7.5 om, calculate (a) PR, () PT, ae ; © PY, 750m (dd) ZTPR, R (ce) ZVPS, (® ZPvo. 10 em P 1Dem Q 58. The diagram shows a cube of side 12 cm. M is the midpoint of EH and N is the midpoint of AD. Calculate (a) MG, (b) NG, (©) 4MGN. Mathematics Tutor 3B © Casco Publications Pre Lid59. The diagram shows a rectangular box with a horizontal base ABCD. T lies on EH such that ET= i EH. Given that AB = 16 cm, BC = 30 cm and CG = 9 cm, calculate (a) A H () AF, © 2GAC, @ = ZArB, ©) ZFTG. 60, In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangular door frame of a bank’ vault. ABFE is the rectangular door which is opened through 22° as shown. AB = 205 cm, AD = AE = 135 cm. Calculate (a) DE, () ZCAF. A___135cm__p. 205m61. 62. ‘The diagram shows a timber ramp in the shape of a prism. The gradient of the ramp is such that the ratio of the vertical distance to the horizontal distance is 1 : 8. (a) Find the value of x°. (b) The mass of 1m’ of timber used is 680 kg. Calculate the mass of the ramp. (©) The top of the ramp ABCD is to be painted. Calculate this area, giving your answer in square metres. In the diagram, A, B and C are three points on level ground and D is vertically above C. Given that ZABC = 90°, AB = 18 m, BC = 24 m and the angle of elevation of D from A is 36°, calculate (a) CD, (b) the angle of elevation of D from B, a (c) BD. 18m) An Mathematics Tutor 3B ®Casco Publications Pte Ltd63. The diagram shows a vertical flagpole, XY, held in place by two wires, XM and XN. XY =6 m, NY=48 mand MN = 2.5m, (a) Find XN. (b) If XM=8.6 m, find the angle of elevation of X from M. (c) Find 2MXN. 64. ‘The diagram shows a flower bed, ABCD. BD is a pebbled path. ABD = 30°, BD = 115 m, BC = 135 mand CD = 56m. (a) Find ZBCD. (b) Given that the area of triangle ABD is 2070 m”, find the length of AB. (©) Akite is at £, which is 25 m vertically above B. Calculate the angle of depression of A from E. ®Casco Publications Pte Lid Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry65. 66. In the diagram, A, is the base of a light house at sea level. Boat X is 350 m from A. Boat Y is 480 m due east of Boat X. AXY = 45°. (a) (b) Find @ ay, (ii) _ the area of triangle AXY, (ili) ZAYX, (iv) the bearing of ¥ from A. The angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse from Y is 5°. Calculate the angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse from X. In the diagram, P is a point on level ground at the foot of a vertical cliff. Two tents, Q and R, are on level ground. PQ = 430 m and PR = 380 m. The bearing of R from P is 306° and the bearing of Q from P is 260°. (a) (b) Calculate @ QR, Gi) ZPoR, (iii) the bearing of Q from R. Sis a point on top of the cliff vertically above P. The angle of elevation of S from Q is 8°. Calculate @ PS, (ii) the greatest possible angle of elevation of S from a point on OR. R67. Inthe diagram, P, Q and R are the locations of 3 ships. PQ = 750 m and QR = 550 m. Q is due east of P and the bearing of Q from R is 222° (a) Show that Z POR = 132° (b) Calculate (PR, (ii) the bearing of R from P. (©) Find the shortest distance from Q to PR (d)_ A helicopter is flying vertically above Q. The greatest angle of elevation of the helicopter when viewed from along a point on PR is 46°. Find the angle of elevation of the helicopter when viewed from R nT a 550m 68. The diagram shows three points, C, D and E, on a horizontal field. £ is due east of D and the bearing of C from E is 305°. CD = 48 m and DE = 55 m. (a) Calculate @ DCE, (ii) _ the bearing of C from D, ii) the area of triangle CDE. (b) A flagpole is located at D. The angle of elevation of the top of the flagpole from C is 17°. () Calculate the height of the flagpole (ii) Point F lies on CE. Find the angle of elevation of the top of the flagpole from F when F is nearest to the flagpole. ro N Som natogtaentrgany )69. 70. In the diagram, rectangle WXYZ represents a vertical wall on level ground. ¥ is due east of X. Acar is parked at P, ZPXY = 48°, ZXPY = 95° and XY = 18 m, (a) (b) (©) @) (o} Find the bearing of P from ¥. Find PY, Calculate the area of triangle PXY. Find the shortest distance from the car to the wall. The angle of depression of the car from Z is 15° () Find the height of the wall. a (ii) Calculate the greatest possible |v ceuaiaiaisisa aaa value of the angle of elevation of the top of the wall when Xa Tem a viewed from the car. 95° ¥ The diagram shows the 4 points, A, B, C and D on level ground. AC = 68 m, AD = 85 m, CD =90 m, ZBAC = 48° and ACB = 43°. B is due south of A. (a) (b) © Calculate (i) AB, (ii) CAD, (iii) the bearing of D from A. Mare walked from A to C. Find the distance of Marc from A at the point when he is nearest to B. A hot air balloon is hovering 120 m vertically above A. Calculate the angle of depression of the point D from the hot air balloon.71. In the diagram, a vertical flagpole, AB, stands on top of a sloping platform. ZACD = 90°, BD =73 mand CD = 58 m. (a) Show that BC = 44.3 m, correct to 3 significant figures. (b) Given that ZADC = 42°, (find the angle of depression of D from A, Gi) calculate AB. (c) _ Itis also given that 2BDF = ZCDF = 90°. CDF lies on horizontal ground. @ If DE=32m, find BEC. (i) If LBFC = 23°, find 2 FBD. 72. Inthe diagram, L,M and N are three points on a horizontal field. MLN = 53°, LM= 88 m and LN = 67 m. The bearing of N from L is 232°. (a) Calculate x ¢ (the bearing of M from L, Gi) MN, (ii) ZLMN, (iv) the bearing of N from M. (6) A lamp-post is located at L.. The angle of elevation of the top of the lamp-post from M is 8° Calculate the angle of elevation of the top of the lamp-post when viewed from N.73. The diagram shows 5 points, A, B,C, D and £ on level ground. ZABC = 90°, ZACB = 133° and Z.CAE = 24°, BC = 35 m, CD = 86 m and CE = 30 m. (@) Calculate () ZCDE, (ii) AC, (iii) AB, (iv) the area of triangle CDE, (v) _ the shortest distance from E to CD. (b) A vertical tree of height 18 m stands at E. Calculate the greatest possible angle of elevation of the top of the tree when viewed from a point along CD.74, In the diagram, A, B, Cand D are four towns. The bearing of B from A is 130° and the bearing of D from A is 055°, AD = 52 m, CD = 35 m, ZABC = 85° and ZADC = 90°. (a) Calculate (i) the bearing of D from C, N Db ii) the bearing of A from B, (ili) AC, (iv) AB, (vy) the area of ABCD. (b) A weather balloon hovers at E, which is vertically above D. The angle of elevation of the bottom of the balloon from A is 36° Calculate (i) the height of the bottom of the balloon above D, (ii) the angle of elevation of the bottom of the balloon from C.16. In the diagram, P, Q and R are three points on level ground. The bearing of R from P is 065°, PQ= PR=15 mand ZPRQ = 58°. @ () Calculate (i) the bearing of Q from P, Gi) OR. A vertical mast TR stands at R. The angle of elevation of the top of the mast from P is 39° Find (the height of the mast, (ii) _ the angle of elevation of the top of the mast from Q. In the diagram, A, B and C are three points on a horizontal field. BD is a vertical flagpole. C is due south of B and A is 20 m due west of B. The bearing of A from C is 325° and the angle of elevation of D from A is 29°. (a) (b) Calculate D (i) the height of the flagpole, a (ii) the distance of AC, iii) the shortest distance from B to AC, (iv) the angle of elevation of D from C. An owl is hovering 30 m above the field. It spots a rodent on the ground at an angle of depression of 52°. Calculate the distance the owl must fly to catch the rodent.F THINKING SKILLS CORNER 1. The angle of depression from the top of the new 180 m high Hotel Merlion to the top of Singa ‘Tower is 36°. The angle of elevation from the foot of Hotel Merlion to the top of Singa Tower is 21°. Find, giving your answers buildings and the height of Singa Tower. ‘orrect to 2 significant figures, the distance between the two The diagram shows three points, A, B and C on level ground, lying on the circumference of a circle, centre O. The bearing of A from O is 058°, B is due east of O and C is due south of O. Find the bearing of B from O, C from A, B from C, @ (b) © @ Casco Publications Pre Lid B from A. N Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry3. Acctuise ship planned to sail from Port A to Port B which is 180 km due north of A. Due to a storm, it sailed on a bearing of 020° from A to B via C. Cis 110 km from B. How much further did the ship have to sail?” 4. The diagram shows two transmission towers, A and B which are 3 km apart with B due east of A. At the top of each tower is a beacon which emits a beam of light. Initially, beams from both beacons are pointing due east and then at the same instant, they start to rotate in a clockwise direction. The beacon on Tower A takes 6 seconds to make a complete revolution, while the beacon on Tower B takes 8 seconds. Five seconds after the beams from the beacons start to rotate, they cross at a point X. (a) Calculate the beating of X from A, and show that 2AXB = 75°. (b) Calculate the distance of AX, giving your answer correct to the nearest metre. (©) Show that after a further 24 seconds, the beams cross at X for a second time. & a 3 km B5. Two buoys, X and ¥ are positioned on the sea near a lighthouse. Buoy X is due west of the lighthouse. The angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse from Buoy X is 35°. The angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse from Buoy Y is 20°. Buoy X is 98 m due north of Buoy Y. Find the height of the lighthouse. 6. _ Find the surface area of the cube, given that the length of diagonal AB is 18 cm.7. ABCDEFGHis a cube of side 3 om. AX = ZaB, cY AXYZ. 4.CG and EZ = 3 BH. Find the area of 8. The diagram shows a cuboid which has a horizontal base ABCD. AB = 8 cm, AE = 10 cm and EH = 15 om. X lies on the edge FG such that 2BXF = LHXG = @. Find the value of 8. 15cm,mony Revision Exercise 4 + Chapter 7: Trigonometry + Chapter 8: Applications of Trigonometry (1) Trigonometry 1. Find the values of 6, x and/or y in each of the following. (a) 10cm, 75.em 7 | ie em is | | Lo a ‘, 18 cm dv yem B c AB = AC @Casco Publications Pre Lid Revision Exercise 4© 4 6m pp @ yem xem sa us @ ABCD is a rectangle. oO ) @ O Mathematics Tutor 3B @ Cusco Publications Pre Lit(k) Tem wo (0) Sc 28cm oF -0 em ‘© Casco Publications Pte Lid Revision Exercise 42, Evaluate each of the following, giving your answer correct to 4 significant figures where necessary. (a) cos 68° (b) 2 tan 37.1° sin 50° 25 tan 18° OT @ S030" 3(sin 15° (cos 4: 8+ tan 45° © TA tan 72° © Fa e08 60 3. Find two values of x°, in degrees, such that sin x° = Mathematics Tutor 3B @Casco Publications Pte Let4, Inthe diagram, BCD isa straight line. AB = 7 cm, AC = 25 cm, BC = 24 cm and ZABC = 90°. Find (a) sin ZCAB, | (b) cos ZACD. oo Tem ee D 24em B 5. Inthe diagram, DEF is a straight line, 2 CDE = 90°, DE = 36 om and CE = 39 om. Find (a) tan ZDC! (b) cos ACEF. D som SOS~*~*~S F 6. Given that sin @= +, where 0 is acute, find without the use of a calculator, the value of (a) cos @tan 8, (b) 4 tan 0+3.c0s 6, (©) cos (90° - 8). (Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest term.) Casco Publications Pte Lid Revision Exerc7. Inthe triangle ABC, Z ABC = 90°, AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 em and BCD is a straight line. (a) Write down @ tan 7 BAC, (ii) cos ZACD, Gili) sin ZACD. (b) Calculate the perpendicular distance from B to AC. A 6em = g a v 8. Inthe diagram, triangle ABD is a right-angled triangle. AB = 12cm,AC BC =Scm. 3cm,AD=20cmand (a) Find the length of CD. x (6) Calculate the area of triangle ACD. (©) Write down the value of (sin 2BAC, Dem 20cm (ii) cos ZACD, ii) tan ZADB. Bem C 2 9. Inthe diagram, ORS is a straight line. PQ = 40 cm, QR = 9 em and PR=41 em. (a) _ Explain why triangle POR is a right-angled triangle (b) Giving your answer as a fraction, find @ tan ZOPR, (ii) sin ZPRO, (iii) cos Z PRS. oon 41 em ‘Mathematics Tutor 3B © Casco Publications Pre Ltd10. ul. 12, The diagram shows a wire frame PORS where PQ = 6.5 m, QS = 5 m, LORS = 34° and ZPSQ = ZSQR = 90°. Find P 5 (a) ZPQS, 4 (b) RS, (c) _ the shortest distance from Q to RS. 65m Sr In the diagram, ABD is a triangle in which ZABD = 90°, ZBAC = 52°, AC = 17 cm and AD = 25 cm. C lies on BD. Find (a) AB, o () BD, (© CAD, @ CD, (©) _ the area of ACAD. In the diagram, C is the foot of the perpendicular from A to BD. BC = 2x em, CD =.x em and ZABC = 27°. (a) Write down an expression in terms of x for AC. (b) Hence, calculate Z ADC. S13. In the diagram, 2 PRS = 90°, ZPSR = 28°, QR = 15 om, RS = 58 om, PT = 63 cm and QT is parallel to RS. Find @ PQ, (6) ZPTO. 14. The diagram shows the rectangle ABCD in which AR = 5.5 cm, RT = 8 cm and ZRTS = 60°. AB is parallel to RS. Calculate (a) AB, (b) BT, (c) ZATB. 15. A ladder makes an angle of 35° with the horizontal when it leans against the lower edge of a window of a building, When the ladder is moved 1 m nearer to the building, it leans against the upper edge of the window, making an angle of 50° with the horizontal. Find the length of the ladder. Window ase 90° Tm16. The vertices of triangle POR are (-2,—2), (2,4) and (2, 1) respectively. S is the point (2,2). (@) Expressing your answer as a fraction, write down the values of (tan ZRPS, (ii) sin ZPRO, Gili) cos LPRO. (b) Calculate the numerical value of PQ”. To Raa + t 17. _ Inthe diagram, AB is a vertical tree. The points, M and N, lie on horizontal ground. CAMB = 50°, 2 ANB = 30° and BM = 5 m, Find (a) ‘the height of the tree, (b) _ the distance of MN. A 30° ce © Cusco Publications Pte Lid Revision Exercise 418. 19, In the diagram, AB represents a vertical cliff. C and D represent two fishing boats in the sea. ZADB = 28°, ACB = 48° and CD = 30 m, Find the height of the cliff. A <\ ZY o D 30m c B In the diagram, XY represents a vertical flagpole. The points, A and B, are on horizontal ground. ZXAY = 36° and ZXBY = 52°. Given that AX is 2.2 m longer than BX, find (a) the height of the flagpole, (b) the distance of AB. ©20. 24 22, In the diagram, ABC is a triangle. ZABC = 76°, BCD = 37° and AC = 80 m. Find fa) BC, (b) the area of triangle ABC. A 80m ‘The diagram shows a triangular rose garden ABC on horizontal ground. AB=7.2m,AC= 10.7 m and ZABC = 95° (a) Find 2BCA. (b) Find the area of the rose garden. ZABC = 59° and CAD = 22°, Calculate (a) ZBAC, 4 ym D (b) AC, 2 (©) the area of the trapezium ABCD.