1

Solution. tan A Fi cOsec²

1
ot A
A=1+coA COseC A= 1+cot' A
sinA=
COsC A
-; see? A=1+ tan A=1+ cot A+1
cot' A
secA
cot A

Hence, sin A= sec A= ltcot A

J1+cot A cot A
,tan A= 1
cot A

I Example 3. Write alltheother trigonometricratios of ZA in tterms of sec

1 A.
Solution. cos A = ;
sec A sin² A =1- cos² A=1 1 sec A-1
sec A sec A
sinA= Vsec A-1 ;
sec A tan² A=sec? A-1 tan A= vsec² A-1;
Cot A = 1
cosec A = sec A
tan A
sin A
Vsec A-1
Hence, sin A= Vsec" A-1 1
sec A
cos A tan A= Vsec? A-1,
SecA

cot A = sec A
Vsec A-1 cosec
A=
Vsec A-1
1
Example 4. If tan =.JFnd the value of Cosece - sec'0
cOsec 0+ sec'
Solution. Given tan 9 = ’ cot 0 = 5 1
V5 cote =.tan
2
Now sec² = 1+ tan =1 +
5
and cosec'0=1+ cot2 0=1+ (V5)2=1+5 =6.
6
cosec-9 - sec 6 30-6 24
5
cOsec 0+ sec0 6 30 +6 36 3
6+
C
\L Example 5. If sin = and d > 0, find the values of cos and tan 9. (CBSE 2013)

Solution. Given sin 9 = ...)

We know that cos² =1-sin0

cos0=1-aa1
Cos = (as is an acute arngle, cos 0>0)

sin0 C
tan = cos® J2+d2 d
d
Hence, cos = and tan = dC

Trigonometric Identities 423

 find the value of :
Example 6. If sin 9=,0°<0<90°,
sin' 0-cos'0 1
tan'0
(CBSE 2015)
2sin 0 cos0

Solution. Given sin 0= 0°<0<90° ie. 0isan acute angie.

144 169-144 25

cos? 0=1-si? 0=1--1-4 169 169 169

5
(:: is an acute angle, cos ®>0)
cos 0 =
13

tan 0 = Sine_ 12 13 12
cose 135 5

sin20-cos?0 1
2sin cos0 tan20 12 5

144- 25 25
2X7a13
119x5 595
120 144 24 x 144 3456
(2+2sin0) (1-sin0)
xample 7. () If cot = 8
then evaluate (1+ cos0) (2- 2cos0)

(i) If cosec0=2x and cot 9=,find the value

Solution.(i) Given cot =

(2+2sin 0) (1-sin 0) 2(1+ sin)(1- sin 0)

(1+ cos0) (2-2 cose) 2(1 +cos0) (1- cos0)
1- sin?0 cos²0 Cose)2
= (cot 0)2
1- cos²0 sin20 sin 0

225
64

(ii) Given cosec 0 = 2x and cot = ,

We know that cosec² - cot2 = 1

(2x)2-( =-1 4r2- =1

\ A Example 8. Prove tha:

(i) (cosec A+ cot A) (1 - cos A) = sin A
(NCERT)
(ii) sec A (1- sin A) (sec A + tan A) =1
Solution. () LHS = (cosec A+ cot A) (1 - cos A)
1 cos A
sin A sin A
(1- cos A)

1+ cosA (1- cos A) = 1- cos² A

sin A sin A

424 Mathematics-X
 = sinA
sin A
= sin A = (:: 1-cos² A= sin2 A)
RHS
(i).LHS =sec A(1 - sin A) (sec A+tan A)
-o-in A) 1
sin A
cos A cOs A
(1-sin A)(1+ sin
cos' A A)1-sin' A cos A
cos A cos A
-1= RHS (: 1-sin A= cos² A)
Example 9. Provethe following:
(i)1+
cot a
1+ coseC O.
(ii) (sin a+ cos a) ((tan a. + cot
a) = sec a +
cosec .
solution. (i) LHS = 1+ cot' a =1+ cOsec'a. -1
(Exemplar)
1+ cosec o
1+ cosec a.
=1+ (cosec a +1)(cosec a-1)
(i) LHS =(sin a + cos ) (tana +
1+ cOseco.
=1+(cosec a -1)= cosecca= RHS.
cot a)
= (sin a + cos a) sino. cosa.
cOS . sino! = (sin oa + cos 0) sin' a +cosa
Cos C.sina
= (sin a. + cos a), sin +coSa.
COS OLsing. cOS . sin.
sin . COS O. 1 1
COS CLsin. cos C.sin. COS O Sin o
= sec o. + cOsec a. = RHS

INExample 10. Prove the following :

(i) (sec A- cos A) (tan A +
cot A) = tan A sec A
(ii) (sin 0 + cos + 1) (sin (CBSE 2014)
9-1+ cos 0) sec O
cosec =
Solution. (i) LHS = (sec A-cos A)(tanA+ cot A) 2 (CBSE 2019, 14)
1
COs A
-cOs A sin A cos A
\cos A sinA
1- cos? A sin A+ cos? A sin A
COS A Cos AsinA CoS A coS Asin A
sin A sin A 1
cos A cos A cos A = tan A sec A = RHS.
(i1) LHS = (sin + cos 0 + 1) (sin -1 + cos )
sec cosec
= (sin0 +cos0+1) (sin0 +cose-1) sec e cosec9
=(sin 0 +cos 0)2-1) sec cosec 0
= (sin 0+ cos²0 +2 sin cos 9-1) sec®cosec 0
=(1+2 sin cos 0-1) sec cosec
=2 sin cos 0x cOs1,1
sin 0
=2 =RHS

Trigonometric Identities
 ME2 Example 11, Prorr the follouing identities: A cOsec A-1
() tan A tan A ( )CotA - cos
1+ sA 1-sA - 2 coscc A (Exemplar) cot A + cos A cosec A + 1

1 1
Solution. () LHS tan A tan A
14 secA 1-secA
- tan A swCÀ 1-sec A,
-2sec A
- sec A)- (1l+ sec A) ) = tan A - tan'A (:: sec
- tan A -seA A-1=ta nt A
cosA 2 - 2 cosec A = RHS
= 2 SeCA-)
tan A COs A sin A sin A

cOsA
cOS A cosA/ sin A cosec A-1
(i) LHS= cot A -cos A sin A
otA + cOs A
COs A 1
Cosec A+1RHS
+ cOs A cos Asin A +1
sin A

\U Example 12. Prove the following identities:

1+ sec A sin' A
(i) (cosec 0- cot 9)2 = 1- cos0 (ii)
1- cos A
1+ cos0 sec A

cose (1- cos_(1- cose)?

Solution. () LHS =(cosec - cot 0) =
sin sin -( sin'e

(1-cose)2 (1-cose)? 1- cos0 = RHS

1-cos² (1+ cos0)(1-cos0) 1+ cos

1+
(i) LHS: lt secA COS A_COSA +1 cos A
sec A 1 COS A
cos A

=1+ cos A= (1 + cos A) x 1- cos A (Note this step)

1-cos A
1- cos A sin A = RHS
1- cos A 1-cos A

Example 13. Prove the following identities:

(i)
sin9 1+ cos0 =2cosec sin9 - 2sin' 0
(CBSE 2017) (ii) =tan 0 (CBSE 2018, 15)
1+ cos0 sin 9 2cos° - cos

Solution. (i) LHS =

sin 1+ cos® sin +(1 +cose)
1+ cos0 sin (1+ cos0) sin
sin 0+1+ cos0+2 cos (sin0 +cos0) +1+ 2cos 0 1+1+2cos0
(1+ cos0)sin (1+ cos®)sin (1+ cos0)sin 8
2+ 2cos 2(1+ cos0) 2
=2 cosec = RHS
(1+ cos0)sin (1+cos ¬) sin0 sin 0

sinA
(ii) LHS Sin0- 2 sin 0(1- 2sin0)
2cos 0- cos0 cos 0(2cos0-1)
sin 9(1-2(1- cos 0) sin 0(2cos²0 -1)
cos0(2 cos0-1) cos0(2cos0-1)
= tan = RHS

426 Mathematics-X
 Example 14. Prove that:

(cosec A- sin. A)
(i) (scc A- cos A) (Exemplar)
tan A + cot A
Solution.() LHS =
Jsec²0+ cosec? 0 1+ tan²
- ytan? 0)+(1+ cot' 0)
9+cot2 0+2 = tan' 0+cot' 9+2tan9cot0
=J(tan +cot 0) = (:: tan 9 cot = 1)
()LHS=(cosec A- sin A) (sec A- tan +cot 9 =RHS
1 cOs A)
-sinA-n A)
=

sin A

1-sin A1- cos* A_cos

sin A Asin A
cOs A
= COs A sin A
sin A cOs A
1
RHS = 1 ..(1)
tan A + cot A sin A COs A
coS A sin A
1
sin Acos A
sin A+cos A sin A+
sin Acos A cos²A
sin A cosA
1
= sin A COs A

From (1) and (2), LHS = RHS ..2)

IExample 15. Prove the following identities:

|1+ sin A
() =sec A + tan A
V1- sinA (i) tant e +tan² =sec -sec 9
(Exemplar)
Solution. (i) LHS = tsinA 1+ sin A 1+sin A
V1-sin A V1-sinA 1+sinA
(1+ sin A) (1+ sin A)² 1+ sin A sin A
V1-sin' A cosA COS A COs A COs A
= sec A+ tan A = RHS
(t) tan 9+tan = tan² (tan0+1)
= (sec? 0-1) sec² = sect -sec² 0=RHS
I Example 16. Prove the following:
(i) (sin A+ cOsecA)2 + (cos A+ sec A) =7+ tan A+cot² A (CBSE 2019)
(ii) (sin 0- cos + 1) cosec =2 (Exemplar)
Solution. (i) LHS = (sin A+ cosec A)² + (cos A+secA)
=sin A+cosec² A+2 sin AcosecA +cos² A+sec² A+2cos Asec A
=(sin² A+cos² A) +(1 + cot A) +2 x1+(1 +tan² A) +2x1
=1+6+ cot² A+ tan A=7+tan A+cot² A=RHS
(1) LHS =(sint 0- cos 0 +1) cosec? 0
-(sin²- cos2 0)(sin? 0 +cos² 0) + 1)cosec? 0

Trigonometric Identities 427

 - (sin? 0- co8?0) x 1+ 1) cosec20
=(sin? 0- cos2 0+ 1) cosec2 0
(sin? 0 +(1 - cos2 0) cosec? 0
=(sin? 04 sin 0)cose20
-2 sin? 0cosec20 =2(sin cosec 0)
-2x 12 =2= RIHS
\RA Eample 17. rove the folloving:
() 2(sinb0+ cos 0) - 3(sin4 0 + cos 0) +l=0
(i)tan0 cot 9
(CBSE 2019,
1- cot0 1- tan0 -l+ sec 0 cosec 9
Solution. () LHS =2(inó 0+cos6 0) -3 (sint 0+cos* 0) +1
= 2(sin² 0)+(cos² 0)) -3((sin?0)2+ (cos? 0)) +1 0)
=2(sin² 0 +cos2 0)3-3 sin2 0cos2 (sin? 0 +cos
-3(sin? 0+ cos? 0)2-2 sin 20 cos 9) +1
(" a+b= (a+ b)3- 3ab (a +b) and a2 +b2 =(a +b²- 2ab)
=2(13-3 sin² 0 cos2 e (1) -3(12-2 sin? cos 0) + 1
=2(1-3 sin? cos² 0) 3(1 -2 sin? cos 0) +1
=2-6 sin? 0cos² 0-3+6sin20 cos2 0 +1=0=RHS.
sin0 cos
tan 0 cot0
(i) LHS = + cos® sin
1- cot 1- tan0 1
cos0
1
sin0
sin 9 Cos

sin0 cos?e
cos0(sin 9-cos0) sin 9(cos -sin 0)
1 sin'0 cos?e 1 sin°0-cos°e
sin- cos 0 cos0 sin0 sin - cos0 sincos0

(sin - cos 0) (sin0+ cos0 + sinOcos 0) 1+ sin cos

(sin -cos 0) sin Ocos sin Ocos

sin Ocos 0
+1=sec cosec +1= RHS

IE Example 18. Prove the following:

cos²e sin'0
(i) =1+sin cos 9 (CBSE 2017)
1-tano sin-cos
tan³9 cot'0
(ü) =sec cOsec -2 sin 0 cos 0 (CBSE 2019)
1+tan'0 1+cot²0
cos?0 sin? 9 cos²0 sin0
Solution. (i) LHS = sin 9 sin -cos0
1- tan sin - cos0 1
cos

cos® 0 sin?0 cos³0-sin?0

cos - sin 9 cos0- sin cos - sin 0

(cos- sin0) (cos?0 +sin?0 +sin®cos0)

cos-sin 0

=cos2 0 + sin 0 + sin cos 0= 1+ sin 9 cos = RHS

428 Mathematics-X
 (ii) LHS = tan
1+ tan²0 1+cot tan , cot9
sin 0)3 co6 sec9 cOsec²0
Cos0)
sin sin² 9
sin cos 9
cos9
sin 9 sin6+ cos 0 (sin? 0 +(cos? 0
cOs .sin
(sin29 +cos? 0) - 2sin' 9 cOs sin 0
cos sin0 cos0 12-2sin29 cos? 9
cos sin0
cos sin0
2sin² 0cos'0
cOs0 sin = sec 0 COsec -2
sin 0 cos = RHS
Example 19. Prove that: 1+ sin²0 1 1
1
1+ cos²0 1+ sec'9 = 2. (CBSE 2019)
Solution. LHS = 1 1+ cosec29
1
1+ sin²6 1+ cos²0 +
1+ sec20 1+ cosec'0
+ 1
-sin?0 1
1+ sec
1
1+ sin2a t 1
|1+ cos²0
sin0 14
1 cos²0)
sin0
1+ sin?0 sin0 +1 cos20
1+ cos²0 cos²0+1
1+ sin0 1+cos²0
1+ sin0 1+ cos²l+l=2 - RHS
Example 20. Find the value of : sin Cos
seco + tan-1 cOsec 0 + cot-1 (CBSE 2013)
sin cos
Solution.
sec0 + tan 0-1 Cosec + cot -1
sin9 cos
sin 1 cos0
1 + --1
cos0 cos0 sin9 sin0
sin cos sin cos0
1+ sin- cos 1+ cos-sin0

1 1
= sin cos
1+(sin-cos0) 1-(sin-cos 0)

=sin 0 cos A (Sint-cose) +1+(sin0-cos)

12-(sin-cos0)
2
= sin 0 cos 0
1-(sin20 + cos²0-2sin O
cos0)
2sin cos 2sinOcos0
=1.
1-(1-2sin 0cos0) 2sin ®
cos®

Example 21. Prove that:

() 1+ tanA 1+ seco - tan 9 1- sin
1- tan A = tan² A (iü)
1+ seco+ tan0 Cos
1+ cot A 1- cot A (CBSE 2018) (Exemplar)
Trigonometric Identities 429
 Solution, (n l+ tan A s'A (sin
A=tan² A.
1+ cotA cosyA cosA 1 cOs A,

sin A
sin A
Also cOSA
COs A
cos A-sinAy
COsA sin A -cOs A
sin A
sin A
sin A -cos A
COs A
sin A
sin A - cOs A COs A
=(- tan A)= tan? A
Hence, 1+1+ tan A
cot A 1-cot A
= tan? A.

(ii) LIHS l+ sec0-tan0 (see0- tan²0) +(sec O-tan0) (: sec2

1+ sec0+ tan 1+ sec0+ tan0 -tan =1
- (sec0 - tan 0) (sec0+tan0) +(sec0 - tan 0)
1+ sec0+ tan0
(sec - tan 0) (sec0+tan0 + 1)
= sec - tan 0
1+ sec+ tan
1 sin 9 1-sin0 = RHS
Cos0 cos0

Example 22. Prove the following :

(i) Sine -cos +1 COs A - sin A + 1
sin + Cos-1 sec -tan9 (ii) COs A+ sin A -1 = COsecA+ cot A
(CBSE 2019)
Solution. (i) Dividing each term of the numerator and denominator of LHS by cos , we (NCERT
get
LHS = tan -1 + sece (sec + tan) -1
tan + 1- sec 1-(seco- tan )

(sec0 + tan )-1

(sec0- tan 0)- (sec - tan 0) (:: sec2 0=1 +tan² 0’ sec 0- tan =1)
sec + tan 9-1
(sec - tan 0)(sec0 +tan 0)-(sec - tan )
=
sec + tan -1 1
(sec - tan )(sec + tan 9-1) = RHS
sec-tan
(ii) Dividing each term of the numerator and denominator of LHS by sin A, we
get
LHS = cot A-1+ cosecA (cosec A+cot A) - (cosec² A- cot? A)
cot A+1- cosecA 1+ cot A COsec A

(:: cosecA=1+cot A’ cosec A-cot A=1)

(cosec A+cot A)- (cosec A+cot A)(cosec A- cot A)
1+ cot A- cosec A
(cosec A+ cot A)(1- cosec A+cotA)
1+ cot A - cosec A = COsec A+ cot A= RHS

\L Example 23. If 1 +sin=3sin 0cos 0, prove that tan 9=1 or -. (CBSE 2019)
Solution, Given 1+ sin 0 =3 sin cos .
Dividing both sides by cos² 0, we get
1 sin0 -3Sincos0
cos0 cos0 cos0

430 Mathematics-X
 sec 0+ tan
’ 20=3 tan0
) tan² 0-3 tan 0 +1
»
(1+ tan² 0) +tan² 9
2tan 0(tan 0 -1)
=0=>2 tan 0-2 tan 9- =3 tan 9
-1(tan 9- 1) =0 tan 9+1 =0
(tan10-1) (2 tan 0 --1)
=0=> tan -1 = 0or 2tan
tan =1 or tan ) 0-1 =0
Example 24.lf sin 0+ cos
=
Solution. Given sin 0 +cOs = J3 V3,then rove that tan 9+cot 0=1. (Exemplar)
(sin10+
t cos 0)= (V3)2
(sin? +
cos0) + 2sin Ocos 0 =3 (squaring both sides)
12sin Ocos =3’2 sin
sin 9 cos =1 sin cos 0 cos0=2
= sin 9+cos²6
1 sin-0 +cos
sin cos
sin0
(Dividing bothsides by sin cos 6)
l= cos0
sin cos0 sincos 1 Sin +
cos
Cos ) sin 0
1=tan + cot A.

|| Example 25. If cosec - sin

=5,then show that cosec 0+ sin 9 =3.
Solution. Given cosec - sin 0 = 5
(cosec0-sin 0)2 =(52
cosec2+ sin 0-2 cosec sin =5 (squaring both sides)
cosec² + sin +2 cosec sin =5+ 4
cosec sin 0 (Note this step)
’ (cOsec + sin 0) =5+4 x1
(cosec + sin 0) =9 (: cosec0 sin = 1)
cosec + sin = 3, -3
but cosec >0and sin 0> 0, so cosec 0 + sin 0>0.
COsec + sin = 3.

Example 26. If asin0 + bcos 0=c, then prove that

acos -b sin =± ya' +b'
Solution. Given asin + bcos =c (Exemplar)
’ (a sin0 + bcos )2 = c2
a sin² 9 + b2 cos² 0 +2 ab sin cos 0= c lebps (Squaring both sides)
(1- cos² 0) + b² (1-sin 0) +2 ab sin 9cos =2
a+ b2- (a cos0+ b² sin? 0-2ab sin cos 0) = c
a cos?0+ b2 sin? 0 2absin cos =a² +b2-2
’ (acos 0-b sin 0)2 =2+ b2-c2
acos -b sin =+ Na +b2 -2
Ta Example 27. (i) If sin9 +sin² 0= 1, prove that cos? +cos =1.
() If tant0+tan2 =1, provethat cos 0 +cos² 0=1.
Solution.() Given sin 0+ sin 0=1 ’ sin =1-sin² 0
sin 9 = cos20 ’ sin = cos 0
1- cos2 =cost 0> cos² +cos+ 0=1.

TrigonometricIdentities 431
 (in Given tan 0+
tan0=1 >tan? 0(tan0+1) =1
14an 0=1
tan'0
1
sin'0 S sin? 0 mcos 0
1-cos? 0=cost 0 > cost0 +cos2 0=1.
Example 28.() If cos 0+ sin 0= V2 cos 0, shov that cos 0-sin = 2sin 0
() f sin0+2 cos 0 =1. prove that cos 9-2 sin 0 = 2.
Solution. () Given cOs 0+sin0= 5 cos 0 =>sin 0= (V2 -1)cos
1 V2+1 sin 9 = (V2+1)sin9
(Exemplary
sin 0 =
2-1

COs = v2 sin 0 +sin 0= cos 0- sin0 = 2 sin 0.

(in) Given sin 0+ 2 cos 0= 1 2cos 0=
1-sin
2cos 9 (1 +sin 0) = (1 - sin 0) (1 +sin 0)
2cos 0 (1 +sin 0) =1- sin 0
2cos 9 (1 +sin 0) =cos2 0
2 (1 + sin ) = cos
cos -2 sin 0 = 2.

Example 29. If2 sin² - cos2 =2, then find the value of .
Solution. Given 2sin 9- cos² =2 (Exemplan)
’ 2sin²0-(1-sin 0) =2
’ 3sin²-1=2 3sin2 9=3
’ sin0=1 ’ sin 0 =1 ’ 0=90°.
Hence, the value of is 90°.
\AExample 30. (i) If tan 0+ sec =l, then provethat sec = P+1
210es
(i1) If cosec 0 + cot 0=p, then prove that cos = p'-1
p'+1 (Exempla)
Solution. (i) Given tan 0+ sec=l
..)
We know that sec?0-tan =1
(sec + tan 0) (sec 0 tan 0) =1
I(sec e-tan ) = 1
1
(using (1)
sec -tan =
On adding (1) and (2), we get
P+1
2sec =1+ sec 0= 21
(ii) Given cosec0 +cot =p ..1)
We know that cosec0- cot 0=1
(cosec +cot 0) (cosec - cot 0) =1
p (cosec 0- cot 0) =1 (using (1)
cosec - cot 0 = 1
..2)

432 Mathematics-X
 On adding (1). and (2), we get
2cosec 0=p+ cOsec 0= +1
2p ...(3)
Subtracting(1) from (2), we get
2cot 0=p- ot0= p'-1
..(4)
COs
Now,cos 0
sin0 .sin 0 = cot 9.1 COt0
COsee COsec 0 .5)
Dividing (4) by (3), we get
cot0 p'-1
cOsec p'+1 p'+1 (using (5)
1
Example 31. If cosec = x+
prove that cosec 9 +cot =2x or
solution. Given cosec =r+
4x ..)
Weknow that cot 0 = cOsec 0-1

(using ()
1
cot 0=x24 +2. 1

cot² 0 =2+
16x2
1 1
4x
-1=+t-1 2

16x2 2 4x

cot =x
4x ...() ..(ii)
On adding () and (), we get
cOsec 0 + cot = 2
On adding (0) and (i), we get
cOsec + cot =

Hence, cosec + cot 0 = 2x or

2x

lE Example 32. (i) fx =a cos e+bsin 9and y=asin 4-bcos 0, prove that x²+y² =a+ b2.
(CBSE 2015)
() lfx=acosec 0 + bcot Oand y =acot 0+bcOsec =y, prove that x?-y=a'-b2.
Solution. () Given x=0cOs 0 +b sin 0 ...(1)
and y=a sin 0-b cos ...(2)
On squaring (1) and (2) and then adding, we get
2+y=a (cos? 0+sin? 0) + b2 (sin? 0+cos² 0)
=a2.1+ b2.1=a2+b2.
(i) Given x = a cosec + b cot 0 .(1)
and y= 4cot 0 +b cosec 0 ..(2)
On squaring (1) and (2) and then subtracting, we get
2-y=a? (cosec? - cot 0) + b² (cot? - cosec² e)
= 2.1+2(-1) =a2-b2.

Trigonometric Identities 433

 IA Example 33. If sin 9+cos 0=p and sec O+cosec O q, then prove thatqq(p2-1) =2p.
(CBSE 2013)
Solution. Given sin 0 + cos 0=p .() and sec 0 + cosec O =
1
sin@+ cos 9
cos sin sin Ocos0

sin cos9 (using (0)

sin 0 cos 0 =
On squaring (), we get
(sin @
+ cos 0)? =p² (sin20+cos20) +2sin 9cos =p
l+2L =p? (using (ii)
2 -p2-1 2p =q2-1).
Example 34. If tan + sin0 = m
and tan 9 -sin = n, then prove that m-n=4Nmn
Solution. Given tan 9 + sin 9 = mand tan 9 - sin = n
tan 0= m+n and sin 0= M- n
2 2
cot 0 = 2 2
m+n
and cosec =
m-n

Now using cosec? 0- cot20 = 1, we get

2 2
=1
m-n

’ 4[(m +n- (m-n)]=(m-n² (m + n)

’ 4x 4 mn = (m²-n2)’m²-n=4 /mn.

Exercise 11.1
Short answer questions (1 to 25):
1 IfAis an acute angle and sin A= 3 ,find all other trigonometric ratios of angle A(using
5
trigonometric identities).
2. IfA isan acute angle and secA= ,find all other trigonometric ratios of angle A
8 (using
trigonometric identities).
3. Express th ratios cos A, tan A and sec A in terms of sin A.
4. Iftan A= find all other trigonometric ratios of angle A. (NCERT)

5. If 12 cOsec = 13, find the value of 2sin -3 cos

4sin0 - 9cos0

Hint 2
cot =ycosec? 8-1 = -1,5
12
6. IfA is an acute angle and 13 sin A=5, evaluate sin A-2cosA
tan A
7. Write 'True' or False and justify your answer in each of
the following:
() J1-cos? 0) sec²0 =tan
(ii) (tan +2) (2 tan + 1) =5 tan + sec
(iii) If cos A + cos² A=1, then sin A + sin A =1
(Exemplar)
434 Mathematics-X
 Prove the)
following (8 to 19)
trigonometric ratios as definedidentities,
: ohere the angles inolted are acute angles for which the
1+ tan? A
8. () 1++ cot A= tan? A
(i) sin'0+cos'0 -1- sin cos 9
9. () (sec A+tan.n A)(1-sin A) =cos A
i) (1 +tan A)(1 - sin A) (1 +sin A) = 1 (Exemplar)
10. () tan, A+ cotA= sec AcOsec A
(i) (1-cOsA) (1 + sec A) = tan Asin A.
11. () 1+ tan A = Sec A
1+ sec A

1
cot A) sin² A- sin A
.n () cOsec - cosec2 cot# 0 +cot2 0
(i) 2 sec-sec 0-2 cosec?0+ cosec 0 = cot4 0- tan 0.
sin-cos sin+ cos 1
13. () sin + cos 0 sin -cos
2sin0-1
(ii) sec² 0 sin?0-2sin0 =1
2cost6- cos²0
1+ cose- sin0 tan-1 = sec² + tan .
14. ) = Cot 0 (ii)
sin (1 + cos0) tan1

COs A 1+ sin A 1+ cosec A cos A

15. () 1+ sin A cos A
=2 sec A (ii) cOsec A 1- sin A

sin A 1- cos A = COsec A- cot A.

16. () 1- cos A = COsec A+ cot A (ii) V1+cosA
1- sin0 tan0 1+ cos
(i) (sec -tan 0) = 1+ sin (i)
17.
ons (sec0 -1) 1- coS9
sec A-1 sec A + 1 =2 cosec A cot A-1 cot A
18. () (i) 2 -sec A 1+ tan A
Vsec A+1 Vsec A-1

1+ sin A -sin A =2 sec A= 2(sinA tan A + cos A) (CBSE 2014)

19. () V1-sin A V1+sin A
= sin A tan A - cos A cot A.
(ii) (1 + cot A + tan A) (sin A - cos A)
tan = n, prove that mn =1.
20. If sec + tan = m and sec - =2. (CBSE 2017)
sin 9 - 2 cos =1, prove that
21. If cos + sin = 1and
a'-b2.
=asec +b tan and y =atan 0 + b sec 0, prove that x²-=
22. If x = a'.
sin 0, prove that ( - h)² +(y - k)²
23. If x=h+a cos 0 and y = k+a
24. Prove that b²y2-ay'=ab2 if (ii) x= acosec , y= b cot 0. (CBSE 2014)
0
() x=a sec 0, y=b tan prove that x' +y² +22= 2,
sina sin Band z = r cos a,
25. If x=rsina cos B,y =r (CBSE 2017)

Long answer guestions (26 to33):

:
Prove the following (26 to 29) identities cos0
+3 sin² 0 =1
Z6. () sinó + cos6
(CBSE 2019)
cos?0)
sinß0 cos8 = (1-2 cos20) (1 -2 sin? 0
(ii)
Trigonometric Identities 435
 cOs A sin A - sin A + cos A
27. () +
1-tan A 1-cotA
sec A+ tan A-1 Os A (CBSE 2016)
(ii) tan A-sec A+ 1 1- sin A
(CBSE 2019)
A) = 2
28. (i) (1+ cot A - COsec A) (1 + tan A + sec
cosecA 1 (CBSE 2019)
tan? A
() 1-2cos? A
tan? A-1 sec?A-cosec²A
cosecA) = (l + sec Acosec A)²
29. () (sin A + sec A) + (cOs A +
cot A) = sec A+ cosecA
(ii) sin A (1+ tan A) + cos A(1 + (CBSE 2014)
B)- (tan B- cosec A)2= 2(cot A sec B+ tan Bcosec A).
(iii) (cotA+ sec
that cot 0 = V2 + 1.
30. If sin 0 + cos 0 = /2 cos 0, show 1

s0<90°, then show that tan =

31. If 7sin²0+ 3cos² = 4, 0°
(CBSE 2019)
1 + tan 0.
32. If sec0=x+,x0, find sec 0
find the values of cos0 and
that sec 0 + tan = - and hence
33. If sec - tan 0=x,show (CBSE 2015)
sin 6.
(34 to 43):
Very short answerlobjective questions
1
cos0+ 1+ cot²0
34. What is the value of
1
35. What is the value of tan² 0 cos0
sin 0) (1 + sin 0)?
36. What is the value of (1 + tan² 0) (1 - (CBSE 2017)
tan .
37. If sec + tan =7, then find sec0-
then find the value of k.
38. If sec0 (1 + sin 0) (1- sin 0) = k,
1 value of 2cot² +2.
39. If sin0=, then find the
value of tan + cot² 0.
40. If tarn 0 + cot 0=5, find the (CBSE 2013)
41. If tan 0=,find the value of
(CBSE 2014)
,find the value of cot .
5
42. If cosec = 4

tan 0, then find the value of 5 x

5
43. If 5x=sec and
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
11.3TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF to 90°.
angles are called complementary angles if and only if their sum is equal angles
Recall that two 180°-90° i.e. 90°, so the two acute
two acute angles is
In a right triangle, the sum of its angles.
of a right triangle are always complementary right angled
triangle
In the adjoining figure, ABC is a right
at B.
LA+ LC= 90°, so ZA and C are complementary
angles. C= 90° ZA.
90°-Ainstead of 90° - A.
For convenience, we write
trigonometric
From right triangle ABC,rightangled at B, the
ratios of ZA are:
B
A

Mathematics-X
436
 I/0and0 4 36° are acute angles and sin
4. (a)270
(0 + 36) coa 0, then the value of 0is
(b) 18 (d) 36
() 54
Thevalue
of sin(90 - 0)sin@ - lis
tan
25.
(n) -cot 0 (6) - sin2 0 (d) -cosec)
() -cos20
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
1. When(00 0<90°, solve the equation cos² 9 -3 cos 0 + 2 = sin² 0.
andOse? 0-cot'0
sin =3 +2cot 0= +c0s 0. then find the value of .
2. If4 sec9-1
Eliminate 0between the
3. equations:
r=a sec0, y=b tan 0.
4. Ifxsin30+vcos 0=sin Ocos 0and xsin 9=ycos 0, prove that x2 +y'=1.
tan A cot A
5. Provethat
1-cot A 1- tanA =1+ tan A+ cot A=1+ sec A coOsec A.
cOS C
= M
and = n, then prove that (m2 + n2) cos² B= n'2.
6. If
cosB sinß

Summary
1 Trigonometric identities
An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle(s) is called a trigonometric
identity if it is true for all values of the angle(s) involved.
. Some basic trigonometric identities are
sin² A + cos² A= 1, 0° sAs 90°;
1+ tan²A= sec A, 0° <A< 90° and
1+ cot² A= cosec2A, 0°<As 90°
" Using the basic trigonometricidentities, we can express each trigonometric ratio in
terms of the other trigonometric ratios ie. if the value of any one of the trigonometric
ratios is known, then we can find the values of all other trigonometric ratios.

Chapter Test
Prove the following (1 to 7) identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which the
trigonometric ratios are defined:
1. ()
tan A + sin A sec A + 1 cos A sin A
tan A -sin A sec A-1 (ii) 1- tan A cOs A - sin A
= sin A+ cos A.
sin0+ cos
2. (1) sin + cos 0
+ sin cos = 1 (ii) (sec A- tan A) (1l + sin A)=1-sin A.
1 1 1
3. Prove that
COsec A - cot A sin A sin A Cosec A+ cot A

t () (sec A-cosec A) (1 + tan A+ cot A)= tan A sec A-cot A cosec A

sec A cOsec A
() (sin A- cos A) (1 + tan A+ cot A)= cosecA sec A (CBSE 2015)

5. (i) tan + sec -1 1+ sin cot + cosec 0 -1 1+ cos

tan -sec +1
(CBSE 2017) (ii) cot
cos - COsec +1 sin

Trigonometric Identities 445

 sin A + cos A sin A - cos A
6. 2 2sec A
sin A COs A sin A +cos A (CBSE 2015)
1- 2cos A tan' A-1
7. (i) tan² A- tan2 B= sin' A-sin'B
cosAcos? B
(i) tan² Asec2 B- sec Atan² B= tan² A- tan? B
(ii) (tan A- tan B)2+ (1 + tan Atan B)² +sec² Asec² B.
8. lf J3 tan 0 =3 sin 0, find the value of sin²
0-cos2 0.
9. lf sec0+ tan 0=p, prove that sin 0= (CBSE 2019, 16)
p'+1
10. If tan A =n tan B and sin A = n sin B, prove that cos A= m'-1
2-1
Hint COsec B= m² n
cot B
sin A' tan A
cOsec² B- cot² B=
sinA tan²A
l= n'cosAm²-n'cos? A m2-ncos²A
sin' A sin²A sinA 1-cos'A
11. IfcOsec 9 - sin = m and sec 0- cos 0 = 1, that
prove
(m²n2/3 +(mn²2/3 =1.
Hint
cosec - sin = mand sec - cos = n
1 1
- sin = m and -cOs =n
sin 0 COs

1-sin²0 and l-cos²

= m =n’
cos²0 = mand sin?0
= n.
sin 0 COs sin 0 cos

\2/3 (sin0 cos²e 3

(mn2)2/3cos sin0
aato - (mn)/3 + sin?0 cos cos²0
X
sin

=(cos³ ej2/3+ (sin? 0)2/3 =cos? 0+sin?e =1.

12. Evaluate the following:
cos 20° +cos? 70° tan 45° + tan 13° tan 23° tan 30° tan 67° tan 77°
) 2x sin 25°+sin65°
sec 29°
(i) +2 cot 8° cot 17° cot 45° cot 73° cot 82° -3(sin² 38° + sin 52°)
COsec 61°

sin 22°+ sin 68° (Exemplar)

(ii) cos 22° +cos680 + sin 63° + cos 63° sin 27°
(Exemplar)
(iv) cosec (75° + 0) - sec (15°- 0) tan (55° + 0) + cot (35° -0)

13. If
4
(sec 59°- cot? 31°) -
2
sin 90° +3 tan² 56° tan2 34° =then find the value of x.
3
find the value of 2cos² 0 -1.
14. If0 isan acute angle such that sec = cosec 60°,
36), find the value of A.
15. If 5A isan acute angle such that sec 5A = cosec (A +
16. If A, Band C are the interior angles of a triangle ABC,
show that sin 2 A+B= co8: 2

446 Mathematics-X