10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 7
Factors Polynomials
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master patterns and sequences. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into the following lessons:

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about Sets. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

This module is divided into four lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Definition and Finding Greatest Common Factors
Lesson 2 – Factoring binomial
Lesson 3 – Factoring trinomial
Lesson 4 – Factoring by Grouping

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define polynomials;
2. Factoring polynomials using the Greatest Common Factor;
3. Find the factors of the given binomial in different cases;
4. Factors polynomials having a first term whose coefficient is 1;
5. Find the factors of any factorable trinomials;
6. Find the factors of trinomials in different cases;
7. Factors polynomials by grouping.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use separate answer
sheet.

1. Which of the following gives the factors of 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4?

A. (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4) C. (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)
B. (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1) D. (𝑥 + 2)2
2. Which mathematical statements is not correct?
A. (2𝑥 − 𝑦)(3𝑥 − 𝑦) = 6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
B. (4𝑥 − 5)(4𝑥 − 5) = 16𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 25
C. (3𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 7) = 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 28
D. (2𝑥 − 5)2 = 4𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 25
3. One of the factors 2𝑎2 + 5a − 12 is a+4. What is the other factor?
A. 2𝑎 − 3 B. 2𝑎 + 3 C. 2𝑎 − 8 D. 2𝑎 + 8
4. Find the missing terms: (𝑥 + ______)(3𝑥 + _____) = 3𝑥 2 + 27𝑥 + 24?
A. 6,4 B. 4,6 C. 8,3 D. 12,2
5. Factor the expression completely. 2x2 + 4x – 16
A. 2(x+4)(x-4) C. 2x(x- 2)(x+ 4)
B. 2(x- 2)(x+ 4) D. 2(x+ 2)(x- 4)
6. Factor the expression completely. 6x3- 4x2- 16x
A. 2x(3x+4)(x+2) B.2x(3x2)(2x- 8) C. 2x(3x+4)(x- 2) D. 4x(2x+1)(x- 4)
7. Known to be the process of simplification of many algebraic expressions and
is a useful tool in solving higher degree equations
A. Factoring B. Simplifying C. Multiplying D. Adding
8. Which of the following is the factored form of the expression 5x2- 13x-6?
A. (x-3)(5x+ 2) B. (x+3)(5x+ 2) C. (x-3)(x +2) D. (x+3)(x+2)
9. Which of the following is a polynomial expression to the 4 th degree?
A. 4𝑚2 + 4𝑚 − 8 C. 4𝑤 3 + 𝑤 2 + 4
B. 4𝑝 − 8𝑝 + 1
4 3 D. 4𝑧 4 − 8𝑧 3 + 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 4 + 4
10. The following are examples of polynomials, EXCEPT____________.
A. 5x4 – 6x + 9x2 C. 2x3 – 7x2 + √𝑥 + 8
B. 6 + x – 4x2 + x3 D. 7 + 2x – 8x2
11. The leading coefficient in this polynomial expression, 128𝑥 + 2𝑥 5 − 40𝑥 3 , is
____.
A. 128𝑥 B. 2𝑥 5 C. 128 D. 2
12. What is the appropriate method to be used to factor in 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2?
A. Factor by grouping
B. Factor using perfect square trinomial
C. Factor using sum or difference of two cubes

Factor out using the greatest common factor

13. Factor 27𝑥 3 − 125 completely.
A. (3𝑥 − 5)(6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 10) C. (3𝑥 − 5)(9𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 25)
B. (3𝑥 + 5)(6𝑥 − 15𝑥 + 10)
2 D. (3𝑥 + 5)(9𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 25)
14. What is the factored form of 16𝑥 2 – 4𝑦 2 ?
A. (8𝑥 + 4𝑦)(8𝑥 − 4𝑦) C. (4𝑥 + 4𝑦)(4𝑥 − 4𝑦)
B. (8𝑥 + 2𝑦)(8𝑥 − 2𝑦) D. (4𝑥 + 2𝑦)(4𝑥 − 2𝑦)
15. If 𝑥 − 3 is a factor of 𝑥 + 2𝑥 – 9𝑥 − 18 , what are the other factors?
3 2

A. (𝑥 + 2) and (𝑥 − 3) C. (𝑥 + 2) and (𝑥 + 3)
B. (𝑥 − 2) and (𝑥 + 3) D. (𝑥 − 1) and (𝑥 + 6)
1
 Lesson Factors of Polynomials:
1 Definitions and Finding
Monday
Greatest Common Factor

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
 Define polynomials;
 Determine which factors are common to all terms in an expression;
 Factor polynomials using the greatest common factor.

What’s In
From your previous lesson, a factor is a number or quantity that when
multiplied together form a product. On the other hand, a polynomial is an
expression containing constants and variables connected through basic operations
of algebra. It consists of constant which pertains to numbers, variables like x and y
and exponent which represents the power to which a given number or expression is
to express as a raised symbol beside a number or expression (example 2 in x 2).
There are special names for polynomials based on the number of terms it
obtained.
 Monomial – an algebraic expression consisting of one (1) term
 Binomial - an algebraic expression consisting of two (2) terms
 Trinomial - an algebraic expression consisting of three (3) terms
Factoring is finding what to multiply to get an expression.

What’s New
The process of factoring is essential to the simplification of many algebraic
expressions and is a useful tool in solving higher degree equations. In fact, the process of
factoring is so important that very little of algebra beyond this point can be accomplished
without understanding it.
Polynomial is an expression consisting of variables and coefficients, that
involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-
negative integer exponents of variables. An example of a polynomial of a single
variable, x, is x2 − 4x + 7.
Activity 1
Instructions: Finding the Greatest Common Factor by completing the table below.
Polynomials Greatest Quotient of Factored Form
Common Polynomial
Monomial
Factor
1. 12n + 16 4 3n + 4 4(3n + 4)
2
 2. 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐(𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 3𝑏)
3. 5𝑥 2 𝑦 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 𝑥 2𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 2
4. 2x − 4xy + 2x2 2x
5. 25𝑏 3 𝑦 + 30𝑏 + 5𝑏𝑦 3

What Is It
The GCF (greatest common factor) of two or more monomials is the product
of all their common prime factors.

With that activity take a look at the completed table below.

Polynomials Greatest Quotient of Factored Form

Common Polynomial
Monomial (QP)
Factor
(GCMF)
1. 12n + 16 4 3n + 4 4(3n + 4)
2. 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 3𝑏 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐(𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 3𝑏)
3. 5𝑥 2 𝑦 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 5 𝑥2𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦2 5(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )
4. 2x − 4xy + 2x 2 2x 1 − 2y + x 2x( 1 − 2y + x)
5. 25𝑏 𝑦 + 30𝑏 + 5𝑏𝑦
3 3 5b 2 3
(5𝑏 𝑦 + 6 + 𝑦 ) 5𝑏(5𝑏 2 𝑦 + 6 + 𝑦 3 )
Solutions:
1. 12n + 16
First determine if a common monomial factor (Greatest Common Factor) exists
12n + 16

3(4) 4(4) Greatest Common Factor : 4

Extract the Greatest Common Factor from the given expression 12n + 16.
12n + 16
= 4 (3𝑛 + 4)

GCMF Quotient of Polynomial

The Factored form: 𝟒 (𝟑𝒏 + 𝟒)
2. Given: GCMF=𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 ; Factored Form: 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐(𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 3𝑏)
Solutions:
𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐(𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 3𝑏)

GCMF Quotient of Polynomial

(given)
Using Distributive Property of Multiplication, we can obtain the polynomial:

𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐(𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 3𝑏) = 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒂𝒃𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃𝟐 𝒄

3. 5𝑥 2 𝑦 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 2
Given:5𝑥 2 𝑦 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 ;QP= 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 2
Solutions:
First determine if a common monomial factor (Greatest Common Factor) exists
5𝑥 2 𝑦 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 Greatest Common Factor : 5

5(𝑥)(𝑥)(𝑦) 5(𝑦)(𝑦)
5(𝑥)
3
Combined the GCMF and the Quotient of Polynomial to obtain the Factored Form:
5(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )

GCMF Quotient of Polynomial

4. 2x − 4xy + 2x2 ; Given: GCMF = 2x
Solutions:
Extract the Greatest Common Factor from the given expression 2x − 4xy + 2x2
2x − 4xy + 2x2
= 2x( 1 − 2y + 2x) Divide the GCMF to the given expression
Factored Form: 𝟐𝐱( 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟐𝐱)
5. 25𝑏 3 𝑦 + 30𝑏 + 5𝑦 3
Solutions:
First determine if a common monomial factor (Greatest Common Factor) exists
25𝑏 3 𝑦 + 30𝑏 + 5𝑏𝑦 3 Greatest Common Factor : 5b

(5)(5)(𝑏)(𝑏)(𝑦) 5(𝑏)(𝑦)(𝑦)(𝑦)
(5)(6)(𝑏)
Extract the Greatest Common Factor from the given expression 25𝑏 3 𝑦 + 30𝑏 + 5𝑏𝑦 3 .
25𝑏 3 𝑦 + 30𝑏 + 5𝑏𝑦 3
= 5𝑏(5𝑏 2 𝑦 + 6 + 𝑦 3 ) Divide the GCMF to the given expression
Factored Form: 𝟓𝒃(𝟓𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟔 + 𝒚𝟑 )

What’s More
Activity 2 NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Find the Factored Form of the following expressions using the
Greatest Common Factor.
1. 𝑦 3 + 9𝑦 2 6. 9𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 3
2 3
2. 5𝑥 𝑦 + 15𝑥 𝑦 3 2 7. −16𝑐 2 𝑝 3 +24𝑐 3 𝑝 2 −32𝑐𝑝 4
5 4
3. 12𝑡 − 20𝑡 + 8𝑡 2 8. 36𝑟 5 + 40𝑟 4 −160𝑟 3
4. 8𝑥 − 𝑥 2 9. 9𝑚3 − 9𝑚2
3 4
5. 20𝑎𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 − 5𝑎𝑏 𝑐 2 2 10. 8𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦 2

What I Need to Remember

Write your learnings/insights of the lesson being studied.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Lesson Factors of Polynomials:
2
Tuesday Factoring Binomials
What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
 Find the factors of the given binomial in different cases .
4
 What’s In
In the previous lesson, you were able to find the factors of the polynomial
expression by getting the Greatest Common Factor.

What’s New
Let’s have another way of factoring polynomial.
Instructions: Solve for the factors of binomials in different cases.
1. 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 5. 8𝑥 3 + 27𝑦 3
2. 9𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2 6. 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
2
3. (𝑎 + 𝑏) − 25 7. 125𝑑 3 − 8𝑦 3
3 3
4. 𝑎 + 𝑏
Were you able to find the factors? How did you find it?

What Is It
A polynomial equation with two terms usually joined by a plus or minus
sign is called a binomial. Binomials are used in algebra. Polynomials with
one term will be called a monomial and could look like 7x. A polynomial with two
terms is called a binomial; it could look like 3x + 9.

Illustrative Examples:
A. Difference of Two Squares
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the square root each term of the given expressions;
b. Write sum and difference of the two square roots of the given expressions;
c. Write the product of the sum and difference of the two square roots of the
given expressions.
1. 𝑎 − 𝑏 2
2

Solutions:
a. Square root of each term 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
√𝑎2 = a ; √𝑏 2 = b
b. sum and difference of the square root of the 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .
𝑎+b ; 𝑎−b
c. Product of the sum and difference of the square root of the 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝒂 + 𝐛)(𝒂 − 𝐛) 𝒐𝒓 (𝒂 − 𝐛)(𝒂 + 𝐛)
2. 9𝑥 − 25𝑦 2
2

Solutions:
a. Square root of each term 9𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2
√9𝑥 2 = 3x ; √25𝑦 2 = 5y
b. sum and difference of the square root of the 9𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2
3𝑥 + 5y ; 3𝑥 − 5y
c. Product of the sum and difference of the square root of the 9𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2
9𝑥 2 − 25𝑦 2 = (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝐲)(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝐲) 𝒐𝒓 (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝐲)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝐲)
2
3. (𝑎 + 𝑏) −25
Solutions:
Square root of each term (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 −25
√(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = a + b ; √25 = 5
b. sum and difference of the square root of the (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 −25
(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 5 ; (𝑎 + 𝑏) − 5
5
c. Product of the sum and difference of the square root of the (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 −25
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 −25 = [(𝒂 + 𝒃) + 𝟓][(𝒂 + 𝒃) − 𝟓] 𝒐𝒓 [(𝒂 + 𝒃) − 𝟓][(𝒂 + 𝒃) + 𝟓]
B. Sum of Two Cubes
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the cube root each term of the given expressions;
b. Write their sum as the first factor;
c. For the second factor. Get the trinomial factor by:
 Squaring the first term and the last term of the first factor;
 Subtracting the product of the first and second terms of the first factor;
d. Write them in factored formed by combining the results of step b and c.
4. 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3
Solutions:
Steps:
a. Find the cube root each term of the given expressions 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3
3
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 ; √𝑎3 = 𝑎
3
; √𝑏 3 = 𝑏
FT LT
b. Write their sum as the first factor of 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3
𝒂+ 𝐛
c. For the second factor. Get the trinomial factor by:
 Squaring the first term and the last term of the first factor;
FT= (𝑎)2 = 𝑎2 ; LT= (𝑏)2 = 𝑏 2
 Subtracting the product of the first and last terms of the first factor;
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝐹𝑇 = 𝑎; 𝐿𝑇 = 𝑏; = −(𝐹𝑇)(𝐿𝑇) = −(𝑎)(𝑏) = −𝑎𝑏
d. Write them in factored formed by combining the results of step b and c.
(b)(c) = (𝒂 + 𝐛)( 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
Factored Formed: 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 + 𝐛)( 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
5. 8𝑥 + 27𝑦 3
3

Solutions:
Steps:
a. Find the cube root each term of the given expressions 8𝑥 3 + 27𝑦 3
3
8𝑥 3 + 27𝑦 3 ; √8𝑥 3 = 2𝑥
3
; √27𝑦 3 = 3𝑦
FT LT
b. Write their sum as the first factor of 8𝑥 3 + 27𝑦 3
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝐲
c. For the second factor. Get the trinomial factor by:
 Squaring the first term and the last term of the first factor;
FT= (2𝑥)2 = 4𝑥 2 ; LT= (3𝑦)2 = 9𝑦 2
 Subtracting the product of the first and last terms of the first factor;
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝐹𝑇 = 2𝑥; 𝐿𝑇 = 3𝑦; = −(𝐹𝑇)(𝐿𝑇) = −(2𝑥)(3𝑦) = −6𝑥𝑦
d. Write them in factored formed by combining the results of step b and c.
(b)(c) = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝐲)( 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 )
Factored Formed: 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕𝒚𝟑 = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝐲)( 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 )
C. Difference of Two Cubes
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the cube root each term of the given expressions;
b. Write their difference as the first factor;
c. For the second factor. Get the trinomial factor by:
 Squaring the first term and the last term of the first factor;
 Adding the product of the first and second terms of the first factor;
6
 d. Write them in factored formed by combining the results of step b and c.
6. 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
Solutions:
Steps:
a. Find the cube root each term of the given expressions 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
3
𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 ; √𝑎3 = 𝑎
3
; √𝑏 3 = 𝑏
FT LT
b. Write their difference as the first factor of 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
𝒂− 𝐛
c. For the second factor. Get the trinomial factor by:
 Squaring the first term and the last term of the first factor;
FT= (𝑎)2 = 𝑎2 ; LT= (𝑏)2 = 𝑏 2
 Adding the product of the first and last terms of the first factor;
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝐹𝑇 = 𝑎; 𝐿𝑇 = 𝑏; = (𝐹𝑇)(𝐿𝑇) = (𝑎)(𝑏) = 𝑎𝑏
d. Write them in factored formed by combining the results of step b and c.
(b)(c) = (𝒂 − 𝐛)( 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
Factored Formed: 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 − 𝐛)( 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
7. 125𝑑 3 − 8𝑦 3
Solutions:
Steps:
a. Find the cube root each term of the given expressions 125𝑑 3 − 8𝑦 3
3
125𝑑 3 − 8𝑦 3 ; √125𝑑 3 = 5𝑑
3
; √8𝑦 3 = 2𝑦
FT LT
b. Write their difference as the first factor of 125𝑑 3 − 8𝑦 3
𝟓𝒅 − 𝟐𝐲
c. For the second factor. Get the trinomial factor by:
 Squaring the first term and the last term of the first factor;
FT= (5𝑑)2 = 25𝑑 2 ; LT= (2𝑦)2 = 4𝑦 2
 Adding the product of the first and last terms of the first factor;
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝐹𝑇 = 5𝑑; 𝐿𝑇 = 2𝑦; = (𝐹𝑇)(𝐿𝑇) = (5𝑑)(2𝑦) = 10𝑑𝑦

d. Write them in factored formed by combining the results of step b and c.

(b)(c) = (𝟓𝒅 − 𝟐𝐲)( 25𝑑 2 + 10𝑑𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 )
Factored Formed: 125𝑑 3 − 8𝑦 3 = (𝟓𝒅 − 𝟐𝐲)( 𝟐𝟓𝒅𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒅𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 )

What’s More
Activity 3 NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Find the factors of binomials in different cases. Use separate answer
sheet.
1. 36a 4 − 25b 4 6. 216a 3 − 125b 3
2. 64x – 27
3
7. u 3 + 8
3. 64x + 1
3
8. 4n 2 − 49
4. a 2 − 25b 2 9. x 3 + 1
5. 512m + 64n
3 3
10. h 3 – 343d3
What to Remember
Write your learnings/insights of the lesson being studied.

7
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Lesson Factors of Polynomials:
3
Wednesday Factoring Trinomials
What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
 Mentally multiply two binomials;
 Factor polynomials having a first term whose coefficient is1;
 Find the factors of any factorable trinomial;
 Find the factors of trinomials in different cases.

What’s In
The process of factoring is essential to the simplification of many algebraic
expressions and is a useful tool in solving higher degree equations. In fact, the
process of factoring is so important that very little of algebra beyond this point can
be accomplished without understanding it.
What’s New
Take a look. Then observe the given below.
Instructions: Find the factors of trinomials in different cases.
1.x2 + 12x + 36 4. 2x 2 − 9x – 81
2. 9a - 6a + 1
2 5. 10m 2 + 23m + 6
3. x + 4x + 4
2 6. 6k 2 - k - 5

What Is It
Factoring trinomials means finding two binomial factors that when
multiplied together produce the given trinomial. For trinomials of the form, find the
factors for the first position, then the factors for the last position such that their
product equals c (the constant) and at the same time their sum equals b.
Illustrative Examples:
A. Perfect Square Trinomials (The sign between the terms are positive or
negative. If you double the root of the first and last terms you get the middle
term.)
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the square root of the first and the last term of the expression;
b. Then combine the results of the step “a” and separate it with the sign of the
middle term then square it like this: (FT ± LT)2.
1. x2 + 12x + 36
Solutions:
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the square root the first and the last term of the expression x2 + 12x
+ 36.
8
 x2 + 12x + 36 ; √𝑥 2 = x
; √36 = 6
FT MT LT
b. Then combine the results of the step “a” and separate it with the sign of
the middle term then square it (FT ± LT)2.
Given: FT= x; LT = 6; sign of the middle term: +
(FT ± LT)2 = (𝑥 + 6)2
Factored Form: x2 + 12x + 36 =(𝒙 + 𝟔)(𝒙 + 𝟔)𝒐𝒓 (𝒙 + 𝟔)𝟐
2. 9a2 - 6a + 1
Solutions:
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the square root the first and the last term of the expression 9a2 - 6a
+1
9a - 6a + 1
2 ; √9𝑎2 = 3a
; √1 = 1
FT MT LT
b. Then combine the results of the step “a” and separate it with the sign of
the middle term then square it (FT ± LT)2.
Given: FT= 3a; LT = 1; sign of the middle term: -
(FT ± LT)2 = (3𝑎 − 1)2
Factored Form: 9a2 - 6a + 1=(𝟑𝒂 − 𝟏)(𝟑𝒂 − 𝟏)𝒐𝒓 (𝟑𝒂 − 𝟏)𝟐
3. x2 + 4x + 4
Solutions:
Steps to follow in this case:
a. Find the square root the first and the last term of the expression x2 + 4x +
4
x +
2 4x + 4 ; √𝑥 2 = x
; √4 = 2
FT MT LT
b. Then combine the results of the step “a” and separate it with the sign of
the middle term then square it (FT ± LT)2.
Given: FT= x; LT = 2; sign of the middle term: +
(FT ± LT)2 = (𝑥 + 2)2
Factored Form: x2 + 4x + 4=(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝒐𝒓 (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐
B. Factoring Special cases on trinomials (if the first and the last term is not a
perfect square)
4.2x 2 − 9x – 81
Solutions:
a. Find the product of the first term and the last term of the expression 2x 2
− 9x – 81.
2x 2 − 9x – 81 ; (2𝑥 2 )(−81) = −162𝑥 2

FT MT LT
b. Find the factors of −162𝑥 2 whose sum is −9𝑥.
−18𝑥 + 9𝑥 = −9𝑥
c. Rewrite the trinomial as a four-term expression by replacing the middle
term with the sum of the factors.
2𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 81
d. Group the terms with common factors.
(2𝑥 2 − 18𝑥) + (9𝑥 − 81)
9
 e. Factor each group using greatest common factor.
2𝑥(x − 9) + 9(𝑥 − 9)
f. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
(x − 9)(2𝑥 + 9)
Factored Form: 2x 2 − 9x – 81= (𝐱 − 𝟗)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗)

5.10m 2 + 23m + 6
Solutions:
a. Find the product of the first term and the last term of the expression
10m 2 + 23m + 6
10m 2 + 23m + 6 ; (10𝑚2 )(6) = 60𝑚2

FT MT LT
b. Find the factors of 60𝑚2 whose sum is 23𝑚.
20𝑚 + 3𝑚 = 23𝑚
c. Rewrite the trinomial as a four-term expression by replacing the middle
term with the sum of the factors.
10𝑚2 + 20𝑚 + 3𝑚 + 6
d. Group the terms with common factors.
(10𝑚2 + 20𝑚) + (3𝑚 + 6)
e. Factor each group using greatest common factor.
10𝑚(m + 2) + 3(𝑚 + 2)
f. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
(m + 2)(10𝑚 + 3)
Factored Form: 10m2+ 23m + 6= (𝐦 + 𝟐)(𝟏𝟎𝒎 + 𝟑)
6. 6k - k - 5
2

Solutions:
a. Find the product of the first term and the last term of the expression 6k 2
−k+5
6k 2 - k - 5 ; (6𝑘 2 )(−5) = −30𝑘 2

FT MT LT
b. Find the factors of −30𝑘 2 whose sum is −𝑘.
−6𝑘 + 5𝑘 = −𝑘
c. Rewrite the trinomial as a four-term expression by replacing the middle
term with the sum of the factors.
6𝑘 2 − 6𝑘 + 5𝑘 − 5
d. Group the terms with common factors.
(6𝑘 2 − 6𝑘) + (5𝑘 − 5)
e. Factor each group using greatest common factor.
6𝑘(k − 1) + 5(𝑘 − 1)
f. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
(k − 1)(6𝑘 + 5)
Factored Form:6k 2 - k - 5 = (k − 1)(6𝑘 + 5)

10
 What’s More
Activity 4 NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Solve for the factors of the following expressions.
1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 32 6. 36𝑑 2 + 132𝑑 + 121
2. 2
3𝑦 − 17𝑦 − 90 7. 81𝑣 2 − 180𝑣 + 100
3. 2
𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 100 8. 24𝑥 2 − 19𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑦 2
4. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 32 9. 25𝑎2 − 120𝑎𝑒 + 144𝑒 2
5. 2
49𝑐 + 84𝑐 + 36 10. 9𝑏 2 + 12𝑏 + 4

What I Need to Remember

Write your learnings/insights of the lesson being studied.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Lesson Factors Polynomials:

4 Factoring polynomials by
Thursday
Grouping
What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
 Factor expressions when the common factor involves more than one
term;
 Factor polynomials by grouping.

What’s In
You already know how to factor binomials, trinomials and finding the
greatest common factor. If these are not applicable then this next way of finding
factors of polynomial is to be used.

What’s New
Using the different ways and skills you acquired from previous lesson, take
a look at the expressions below and observe.
Instructions: Find the factors of the following expressions by grouping in different
cases.
1. 5𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑥𝑏
2. 8𝑚𝑡 + 12𝑎𝑡 − 10𝑚ℎ − 15𝑎ℎ
3. 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 6
4. 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 9
5. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 − 𝑦 2

11
 What Is It
Factor by Grouping is an additional technique after initially factoring out
the greatest common factor.
To factor polynomials by grouping, group the terms so that the first two and
the last two terms will have a common factor. Use distributive property to factor out
the group’s greatest common factor. If there is common binomial factor, factor it out.

Illustrative Examples:
1. 5𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑥𝑏
Solutions:
a. Group the terms with a common factor;
( 5𝑎 − 5𝑏) − (𝑥𝑎 − 𝑥𝑏)
b. Factor each group using the greatest common factor;
5( 𝑎 − 𝑏) − 𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏)
c. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
( 𝑎 − 𝑏)(5 − 𝑥)
2. 8𝑚𝑡 + 12𝑎𝑡 − 10𝑚ℎ − 15𝑎ℎ
Solutions:
a. Group the terms with a common factor;
(8𝑚𝑡 + 12𝑎𝑡) − (10𝑚ℎ + 15𝑎ℎ)
b. Factor each group using the greatest common factor;
4𝑡(2𝑚 + 3𝑎) − 5ℎ(2𝑚 + 3𝑎)
c. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
(2𝑚 + 3𝑎)(4𝑡 − 5ℎ)
3. 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 6
Solutions:
a. Group the terms with a common factor;
(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 ) + (2𝑥 − 6)
b. Factor each group using the greatest common factor;
𝑥 2 (x − 3) + 2(𝑥 − 3)
c. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
(x − 3)(𝑥 2 + 2)
4. 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 9
2

Solutions:
a. Group the last three terms with a common factor;
𝑦 2 − (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9)
b. Factor each group using the greatest common factor;
𝑦 2 − (𝑥 − 3)2
c. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
[𝑦 − (𝑥 − 3)][𝑦 + (𝑥 − 3)]
5. 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 9 − 𝑦 2
2

Solutions:
a. Group the first three terms with a common factor;
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) − 𝑦 2
b. Factor each group using the greatest common factor;
(𝑥 + 3)2 − 𝑦 2
12
 c. Write the common binomial factor and write the remaining factor as a sum
or difference of the common monomial factors.
[(𝑥 + 3) − 𝑦 ] [(𝑥 + 3) + y]

What’s More
Activity 5 NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Find the factors of the following expressions by grouping.
1. 𝑏 2 + 10𝑏 + 25 − 𝑑 2
2. 15𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
3. 20ℎ𝑥 + 12𝑥 + 15ℎ + 9
4. 15𝑐𝑣 + 6𝑣 2 − 5𝑛𝑐 − 2nv
5. 20𝑟 3 − 4𝑟 2 + 15𝑟 − 3
6. 10𝑏𝑦 + 20𝑏 + 14𝑦 + 28
7. 6𝑎𝑤 − 36𝑎𝑘 + 6𝑏 2 𝑤 − 36𝑏 2 𝑘
8 6𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏 2 + 12𝑎𝑐 − 2𝑏𝑐
9. 𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
10. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧

What to Remember
Write your learnings/insights of the lesson being studied.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Friday
Factors Polynomials:
Factoring Polynomials: Assessment

What I can do
Activity 6 NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
A. Instructions: Factor each of the following polynomials.
1. 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9________________________
2. 16𝑦 2 − 25 __________________________
3. 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ___________________________
4. 9𝑐 2 − 12𝑐 + 4 _______________________
5. 𝑛4 − 16𝑛3 + 8𝑛2 − 128 ______________
B. Instructions: Find the missing factor in each of the following.
1. 𝑏 3 − 8 = (𝑏 − 2)(________)
2. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = (𝑥 − 1)(________)
3.𝑣 2 − 3𝑣 + 2 = (𝑣 − 1)(________)
4. 𝑝 4 − 9𝑝2 + 36 = (𝑝 2 + 3)(________)
5. 4𝑦 4 −2𝑦 3 + 16𝑦 − 8 = (2𝑦 − 1)(____)

13
 Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1 Which of the following gives the factors of 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4?

A. (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4) C. (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)
B. (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1) D. (𝑥 + 2)2
2. Which of the following is the factored form of the expression 5x2- 13x-6?
A. (x-3)(5x+ 2) B. (x+3)(5x+ 2) C. (x-3)(x +2) D. (x+3)(x+2)
3. The following are examples of polynomials, EXCEPT_________.
A. 5x4 – 6x + 9x2 C. 2x3 – 7x2 + √𝑥 + 8
B. 6 + x – 4x + x2 3 D. 7 + 2x – 8x2
4. One of the factors of 2𝑎 + 5a − 12 is a+4. What is the other factor?
2

𝐴. 2𝑎 − 3 B. 2𝑎 + 3 C. 2𝑎 − 8 D. 2𝑎 + 8
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The square of a binomial is also a binomial.
B. The terms of the cube of a binomial are all positive.
C. The product of a sum and difference of two terms is a binomial.
D. The product of a binomial and a trinomial is the square of a trinomial.
6. If 𝑥 − 3 is a factor of 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 – 9𝑥 − 18 , what are the other factors?
A. (𝑥 + 2) and (𝑥 − 3) C. (𝑥 + 2) and (𝑥 + 3)
B. (𝑥 − 2) and (𝑥 + 3) D. (𝑥 − 1) and (𝑥 + 6)
7. Find the missing terms: (𝑥 + ______)(3𝑥 + _____) = 3𝑥 2 + 27𝑥 + 24
A. 6,4 B. 4,6 C. 8,3 D. 12,2
8.Which of the following is a polynomial expression to the 4 th degree?
B. A. 4𝑚2 + 4𝑚 − 8 C. 4𝑤 3 + 𝑤 2 + 4
C. B. 4𝑝4 − 8𝑝 3 + 1 D. 4𝑧 4 − 8𝑧 3 + 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 4 + 4
9. Factor the expression completely. 2x + 4x – 16
2

A. 2(x+4)(x-4) C. 2x(x- 2)(x+ 4)

B. 2(x- 2)(x+ 4) D. 2(x+ 2)(x- 4)
10. Factor the expression completely. 6x3- 4x2- 16x
A. 2x(3x+4)(x+ 2) B.2x(3x2)(2x- 8) C. 2x(3x+4)(x- 2) D. 4x(2x+1)(x- 4)
11. Known to be the process of simplification of many algebraic expressions and is
a useful tool in solving higher degree equations.
A. Factoring B. Simplifying C. Multiplying D. Adding
12. Beth factored the expression 9𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 𝑎𝑠 3𝑥(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥). Did she factor it
correctly?
A. Yes, because 3𝑥 is the common factor
B. No, because 3𝑥 is not the common factor
C. Yes, because there exists a common factor on all terms
D. No, the last term when factored out is 1 and should not be omitted
13. The leading coefficient in this polynomial expression, 128𝑥 + 2𝑥 5 − 40𝑥 3 , is ____.
A. 128𝑥 B. 2𝑥 5 C. 128 D. 2
14. Factor 8𝑥 + 27𝑦 completely.
3 3

A. (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)(4𝑥2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦2) C. (2𝑥 − 3𝑦)(4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 )

𝐵. (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)(4𝑥2 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦2) D. (2𝑥 − 3𝑦)(4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 )
15. How many terms does the polynomial, 3𝑎6 + 4𝑎4 − 𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 5 , have?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

14
 15
Activity 5
1. [(𝑏 + 5) − 𝑑 ] [(𝑏 + 5) + d]
2. (3x + 1)(5𝑥 2 + 1)
3. ( 5ℎ + 3)(4𝑥 + 3)
4. (5𝑐 + 2𝑣)(3𝑣 − 𝑛)
5. (5𝑟 − 1)(4𝑟 2 + 3)
Activity no. 2 6. (𝑦 + 2)(10𝑏 + 14)
1. 𝑦 2 (𝑦 + 9) 6. 3𝑦 2 (3 − y) 7. (𝑤 − 6𝑘)(6𝑎 + 6𝑏 2 )
2. 5𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (𝑦 + 3𝑥) 7. −8𝑐𝑝2 (2𝑝𝑐 − 3𝑐 + 4𝑝2 ) 8 (𝑏 + 2𝑐)(6𝑎 − 𝑏)
3. 4𝑡 2 (3𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 2 + 2) 8. 4𝑟 3 (9𝑟 2 + 10𝑟 − 40) 9. (𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
4. x(8 − x) 9. 9𝑚2 (𝑚 − 1) 10. (x − z)(x + y)
5. 5𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 2 (4𝑏𝑐 2 d-1) 10. 4xy(2 − y)
Activity 4
Activity 3 1. (x + 8)(𝑥 − 4)
1. (6𝑎2 + 5𝑏 2 )(6𝑎2 − 5𝑏 2 ) 2. (3y + 10)(𝑦 − 9)
2. (4𝑥 − 3) ( 16𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9) 3. (x − 10)2
3. (4𝑥 + 1)( 16𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1) 4. (x − 8)(𝑥 + 4)
4. (a + 5b)(a − 5b) 5. (7𝑐 + 6) 2
5. (8𝑚 + 4𝑛)( 64𝑚2 − 32𝑚𝑛 + 16𝑛 2 ) 6. (6𝑑 + 11) 2
6. 6. (6𝑎 − 5𝑏) ( 36𝑎2 + 30𝑎𝑏 + 25𝑏2 ) 7. (9v − 10) 2
7. (𝑢 + 2)( 𝑢2 − 2𝑢 + 4) 8. (8x − 9y)(3𝑥 + 𝑦)
9. (5a − 12e)2
8. (2n + 7)(2n − 7)
10. (3𝑏 + 2) 2
9. (𝑥 + 1)( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)
10. (ℎ − 7𝑑) ( ℎ2 + 7𝑑ℎ + 49𝑑 2 )
required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Answer Key
References
Text Book
Callanta, Melvin M., Allan Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla S.
Esparrago, Elino S. Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando
B. Orines, Rowena S. Perez, and Concepcion S. Ternida.
2015.Mathematics-Grade10 Learners’ Module. Pasig: Rex
Book Store.
Websites
Siyavula. 2006. Siyavula's open Mathematics Grade 10 Textbook, Chapter 1 on
Algebraic Expressions, Factorisation. November. Accessed August 5, 2020.
https://www.siyavula.com/read/maths/grade-10/algebraic-expressions/01-
algebraic-expressions-06.
Openstax. 2015. Openstax’s open College Algebra Textbook, Chapter 1 on Factoring
Polynomials. February. Accessed on August 5, 2020.
https://openstax.org/books/college-algebra/pages/1-5-factoringpolynomials

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

 Name
 Grade and Section
 Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your
teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you AND return them at the end of the school
year or whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.

16