Geodesy – 1 (CE-206): Assignment – 1

Date of Submission: January 29, 2024. Maximum Marks: 86 Marks

All questions are compulsory. Session 2023-24

Note: Answer 02 marks questions in a minimum of 02 pages and 05 marks

questions in a minimum of 03 pages.

1. Define surveying. Differentiate between plane surveying and geodetic surveying?

What are the applications of Surveying in our surroundings (05 Marks)
2. What are the basic principles of surveying? Explain them in brief. (05 marks)
a. Explain in detail the methodologies adopted for locating an unknown point on
a survey land using surveying principles.
b. Why does surveying work on the principle of whole to part? Give an
appropriate example.
3. What is a survey station? Write the factors which affect the selection of Survey
stations (02 marks)
4. What are the various chain lines used in the field of surveying? Elaborate on their
roles and significance in surveying operations. Draw a neat sketch diagram also. (02
Marks)
5. Define offsets and their types. What is the limiting length of offsets? (02 Marks)
6. When is a chain survey recommended? Briefly describe the various types of chains.
Also, describe 20m & 30m chains concerning ‘No. of links, length of each link,
tablets, rings, etc.’ (05 Marks)
7. What is a well-conditioned triangle? What are the disadvantages of using an ill-
condition triangle? (02 Marks)
8. Describe different types of errors. Give examples for each in brief. How are they
introduced in surveying? What are the corrections required (05 Marks)
9. Differentiate between (in tabular form)
a. cumulative and compensative errors.
b. prismatic and surveyor compass
c. angle and bearing
d. triangulation and traversing
e. prismatic and surveyor compass
Explain with examples (05 Marks)
10. What is a reconnaissance survey? Give standard conventional symbols used for chain
surveying. Take reference from govt. sites (02 Marks)
1) What is the principle of a magnetic compass? What is the difference between the
angle and bearing? Describe in detail. (02 Marks)
11. Define and explain the relationship between the fore and back bearing of the line.
Give suitable examples. Differentiate them in tabular form. (02 Marks)
12. Why are plans and maps made? What is scale, and how is it represented? Differentiate
small-scale and large-scale with examples. (02 marks)
13. What is the plain scale and vernier scale? Explain with a neat sketch (05 marks)
 a. The construction of a diagonal scale with 1 cm = 5 m and showing 18.73 m on
it.
b. Draw a diagonal scale to read 51.57 Km for the map where R.F 1: 10,000.
Also, calculate the minimum length of the scale.
14. What is a local attraction? How is it detected? Give appropriate examples (02 Marks)
15. Why is chain surveying done? How errors are introduced in chain surveying. Derive
the correction required when the chain or tape sags during measurement. (05 marks)
16. Describe with a neat sketch how you will measure distance on sloping ground. What
is a hypotenusal allowance? (05 marks)
17. Draw a table depicting all the corrections required in chain surveying. (02 marks)
Correction Definition Formula Notation Nature of Any Other
Name Explain Correction Remarks
(+ive/-ive)

18. What is the difference between accuracy and precision? Explain with examples and
neat diagrams. (02 marks)
19. The following are the bearings on the closed compass traverse.
Line F.B. B.B.
∘ ' ∘ '
AB 80 10 259 0
∘ ' ∘ '
BC 120 20 301 50
∘ ' ∘ '
CD 170 50 350 50
∘ ' ∘ '
DE 230 10 49 30
EA 310 ∘ 20' 130∘ 15'
Compute the interior angles and correct them for observational errors. Assuming the
observed bearing of the line CD to be correct. (02 marks)
20. What are the obstacles to both chaining and ranging in chain surveying? How will you
continue chaining past the following obstacles? (05 marks)
(a) pond (b) a river (c) a hill (d) a tall building
21. The plan of an area has shrunk such that a line originally 10 cm long now measures
9.5 cm. If the original scale was 1 cm = 10 m, determine (05 marks)
a. Correct length corresponding to the measured length of 100 m.
b. The correct area corresponds to the measured area of 100 m2.
c. Shrinkage factor
d. Shrunk scale.
22. Convert the following as per the instructions (02 marks)
a. The engineer's scale of a drawing, is stated to be 1cm = 45 Hm, convert this to
fraction scale.
b. The fraction scale of a map is stated to 1: 300000 convert this to engineer's
scale.
23. The length of a line measured with a 20 m chain was found to be 500m. It was
subsequently found that the chain was 0.04m too long. What is the length of the line?
(02 marks)
24. Steel tape is 30 m long at a temperature of 15° C and a pull of 50 N when laid on the
flat. The tape weighs 18 N. It is stretched between the end supports only allowing it to
sag. Find the correct length of the tap at a field temperature of 25° C at a pull of 115
N. If in the above condition, a baseline is measured and the recorded length of the line
is 600 m, find the correct length of the baseline. (05 marks)
Take α = 12 × 10-6 per °C and E=2 ×105 N/mm²
 25. Explain the following terms: (05 Marks)
a) Isogonics lines; b) Agonic lines; c) Azimuth; d) Angle of Dip; e) Angle of
declination

Course Instructor: Dr. Ashootosh Mandpe TA: Utkarsh Baranwal

Veena Bhajantari