1. a) Fill in the correct connectives and linking words from the list below.

AS WELL AS, DURING, BECAUSE, EITHER …. OR, NEITHER …. NOR,

WHEN, ALTHOUGH, UNLESS, WHICH, SO THAT, THEN, SO, DESPITE,
WHILE, SUCH AS, HOWEVER

1. ____________________ Dad comes home from work he has to lie down on the
sofa ________________ he is tired.
2. Jerry had a bad headache yesterday, _______________ he couldn’t come to football
practice.
3. This is Jimmy’s new mountain bike, ____________________ he got from his
parents. He locks it up every evening _______________________ nobody can steal it.
4. ____________________ Samantha was tired, she watched TV until well after
midnight.
5. First, cut out the pictures, ____________________ paste them into your book.
6. I would like to learn Chinese. ____________________, I don’t know anyone who
can teach me.
7. ____________________ we were driving through the countryside, we saw many
picturesque villages.
8. The Hemingways are our neighbours ____________________ our friends.
9. You can have _______________ tea ____________ coffee for breakfast. What
would you like?
10.____________________ being a great skier, only few people outside of Europe
know him.
11.____________________ the hike up the mountains we saw a lot of deer.
12.________________ you finish the essay by tomorrow you won’t be able to get a
good mark.
13._______________ my father _______________ my mother will be able to attend
the meeting tomorrow.
14.He likes all kinds of sports, ____________________ skiing, hockey and volleyball.

1. b) Paying attention to the expressions used in the following sentences, fill in

the blanks with the words and, but also, nor, or, than, then and when, as
appropriate. For example: We should either walk quickly __ take the bus.
We should either walk quickly or take the bus.
1. I have both respect _________ admiration for them.
2. Hardly had I finished reading over the problem, _________ the answer leapt
to my mind.
3. It will rain either today _________ tomorrow.
4. He could not decide whether to tell the truth _________ keep silent.
 5. It was not only a beautiful day, ___________ the first day of Spring.
6. If you follow the instructions, __________ you should have no difficulty.
7. He is neither proud _________ condescending.
8. What with one thing _________ another, it was very late by the time we left
the house.
9. No sooner had I opened my eyes, _________ I remembered where I was.
10. Scarcely had I heard the news, _________ my friend arrived.
11. I do not know whether he has seen the movie before ________ not.
12. I would rather wait here _________ risk missing the bus.
13. She could find the book neither at the Library, _________ at the bookstore.
14. No sooner had I opened the window, _________ a butterfly flew into the
room.
15. The crowd was both large _________ enthusiastic.

2. Fill in the correct connectives and linking words from the list. There may be
more than one answer in some sentences.
ALTHOUGH , AS A RESULT , AT LEAST, HOWEVER, IN CASE, INCLUDING,
IN OTHER WORDS , IN THE MEANTIME , ON ONE HAND, ON THE OTHER
HAND , ON THE CONTRARY, OTHERWISE , THEREFORE

1. Sea levels will probably rise in the next few decades ____________________ of
global warming.
2. I hope he drives carefully, __________________________ he may have problems
on such a slippery road.
3. The president was not a very popular leader. __________________________, his
resignation did not come as a surprise.
4. Our economy will not improve this year. __________________________, all
projections show that it will get worse.
5. The couple broke up a few days ago. __________________________, they are still
living together because of the children.
6. __________________________ it was a wonderful place to go skiing, not many
tourists found their way there.
7. The scientist studied the behaviour of various animals, ________________whales
and dolphins.
8. __________________________ we have to fight against environmental problems,
but __________________________ we need more and more energy every day.
9. I think he’s asleep. __________________________ his eyes are closed.
10.The candidate didn’t quite meet the necessary requirements. ________________,
he failed.
11.Please take some warm clothes with you, just _______________________ it gets
cold at night.
12.The report will be finished soon. __________________________, let’s get some
coffee.

3. a) Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, fill in the blanks with the
correct subordinate conjunctions or similar expressions chosen from the pairs
given in brackets.
For example: I went for a walk _______ the sun was shining. (because, otherwise)
I went for a walk because the sun was shining.

1. We recognized her at once, ____________ we had not seen her for years. (although,
in case)
2. He kept reading ___________ he fell asleep. (for, until)
3. The moon will rise ____________ the sun sets. (as soon as, than)
4. It looks ____________ the train will be late. (while, as though)
5. ____________ she got her degree, she became a teacher. (After, Than)
6. We will not go skiing ____________ the weather is good. (as if, unless)
7. ____________ he left, he made sure he had his keys with him. (Before, For)
8. ____________ I told the truth, you would not believe me. (Even if, So that)
9. They have known her ___________ she was a child. (until, since)
10. I must leave now, ____________ I have a great deal of work to do. (as, than)
11. What shall we do ____________ it rains? (or else, supposing)
12. ____________ you read this book, you would be sure to enjoy it. (If, Until)
13. The door was open, ____________ we could hear everything. (in case, so)
14. I studied more ____________ he did. (than, whereas)
15. We packed a lunch, ____________ we knew we would soon be hungry. (lest, for)
16. I will join you, ____________ the weather is fine. (providing, than)
17. ____________ he is very busy, he is seldom at home. (Or else, Because)
18. We must hurry, ___________ we will be late. (so that, or else)

3 b)
1. We stayed up late, ____________ we were tired. (although, despite)
2. They went swimming, ____________ the coldness of the water. (although, despite)
3. I enjoy the course, ____________ the professor is a good teacher. (because, because
of)
4. She looks ___________ your sister. (as if, like)
5. Please wait ___________ I make a phone call. (during, while)
6. Did you hear any noises ____________ the night? (during, while)
7. It looked ____________ we would not be able to leave until the next day. (as if,
like)
8. We all felt tired ____________ the hot weather. (because, because of)
9. I read a book ___________ I was waiting. (during, while)
10. Her eyes shone _____________ stars. (as if, like)
11. They managed to work together, ___________ their differences of opinion.
(although, despite)
12. I left home early, ____________ I had to do several errands. (because, because of)
13. He speaks about the subject ____________ he were an expert. (as if, like)
14. We rested ____________ the hottest part of the day. (during, while)
15. ____________ she lost her way twice, she arrived safely. (Although, Despite)
16. ____________ their interest in comets, they decided to study astronomy.
(Because, Because of)

4. AS LONG AS – BECAUSE - DESPITE – DUE TO - EVEN THOUGH –

HOWEVER - IN CASE - IN SPITE – NEVERTHELESS - THEREFORE
1. Take your camera with you, just _____________________ mine doesn't work.
2. _____________________ having muscle problems, the defender was able to play.
3. Bring an umbrella with you _____________________ it rains tomorrow.
4. Skiing is a safe sport _____________________ you obey the rules on the slope.
5. All flights to and from London have been cancelled _____________________ fog.
6. They arrived in time for the meeting _____________________ having to travel in
bad weather.
7. I like travelling by underground, _____________________ it gets pretty crowded
during rush hours.
8. She has been living in the country her whole life. _____________________, she
has decided she wants a change and plans on moving to the city.
9. We had a wonderful time in Barcelona. _____________________, transport
workers were on strike so we couldn't use the underground.
10._____________________ life was hard during the war, we managed to survive.
11._____________________ heavy traffic on the motorway, we couldn't make it in
time.
12._____________________ of the low temperatures during the winter, Moscow is
always worth visiting.
13.I can't come now _____________________ the children are ill, and I have to look
after them.
14.The economy collapsed, _____________________ the government had to resign.
15.You may go out with your friends tonight, _____________________ you never go
alone and stay with them all the time.
16.I already knew a lot about cybersecurity. _____________________, the lecture
was quite interesting.

5. Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, fill in the blanks with the
correct connecting adverbs chosen from the pairs given in brackets.
For example: Will you come with me? _________ I shall have to go alone. (Also,
Otherwise) Will you come with me? Otherwise I shall have to go alone.

1. The work was new to me. ____________, it did not seem difficult. (Consequently,
Nevertheless)
2. Continue along Queen Street. ____________ turn left. (Then, Therefore)
3. It was very misty. ______________, we could not get a clear view of the mountain.
(Hence, However)
4. We had walked several miles. ____________, we did not feel tired. (Accordingly,
Still)
5. She is a talented actress. ____________, she is very beautiful. (Moreover, Thus)
6. We take the bus every day. __________, we are familiar with the bus route.
(Nevertheless, Thus)
7. The child was sleepy. ______________, we went home early. (Otherwise,
Therefore)
8. The food was delicious. _____________, the service was excellent. (Likewise,
Nevertheless)
9. We looked everywhere. _____________, we could not find the keys. (However,
Thus)
10. The book is long. _____________, the vocabulary is difficult. (Consequently,
Furthermore)
11. Luckily, the moon was bright. ______________, we could not have seen the path.
(Accordingly, Otherwise)
12. He is old. _____________, his mind is still active. (Nonetheless, Therefore)