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Fabry Perot Interferometer Nikhil

This document summarizes an experiment performed using a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The interferometer consists of two partially reflecting mirrors separated by a distance. Light transmitted between the mirrors interferes with itself, producing observable interference fringes. The experiment measures the wavelength of an unknown laser and the spacing between the interferometer mirrors. It also calculates the finesse of the interferometer, a measure of its ability to resolve spectral lines.

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G. P Hrishikesh
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49 views6 pages

Fabry Perot Interferometer Nikhil

This document summarizes an experiment performed using a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The interferometer consists of two partially reflecting mirrors separated by a distance. Light transmitted between the mirrors interferes with itself, producing observable interference fringes. The experiment measures the wavelength of an unknown laser and the spacing between the interferometer mirrors. It also calculates the finesse of the interferometer, a measure of its ability to resolve spectral lines.

Uploaded by

G. P Hrishikesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fabry-Perot Interferometer

Kalasariya Nikhil

School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram

Abstract
The Fabry-Parot interferometer consists of two partially reflecing surfaces alinged with each
other in such a way that many waves of light derived from the same incident wave can interfere.
In this experiment, we determine the wavelength and finesse using Febry-Parot interferometer.

1 Introduction
Fabry-Parot design contains plane surfaces that are partially reflecting so that multiple rays of light
are responsible for the creation of the observed interference pattern.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram

The two partially mirror are aligned parallel to each other at a distance d apart. When irradiated
by a laser of wavelenght λ, within the cavity multiple reflection take place. Part of the light is
transmitted each time the light reaches the second reflecting surface. All such transmitted light
rays interfere with each other to give rise to a maxima or minima depending on the path difference
between them.

1
2 Method and Theory
For accurate measurements of mirror movement, you can use the laser to calibrate the micrometer.
For this, turn the micrometer knob as you count off at-least 20 fringes and note the change in
micrometer reading and record this value as d′ . The actual mirror movement d = N2λ , where λ is
the known wavelenght of the laser and N is the number of fringes that was counted. Then ∆ = dd′
is the calibration constant for the micrometer.

Wavelength of unknown laser beam


The wavelenth of unknown laser is calculated by,
2d∆
λ= (1)
N
Where d is the change in the position that occurs N fringes to pass and ∆ is the calibration
constant of the micrometer.

To find the spacing of the etalon


The spacing of the etalon is given by,

nD2 λ
t= (2)
χ2n
Where n is the order, D is the distance between etalon and the screen, λ is the wavelength of
light used.

χ2n = χ2m+n − χ2m (3)


Where χ2m+n is the radius of (m + n)th ring and χ2m that of mth ring.

To find the finesse


The finesse is a measure of the ineterferometer’s ability to resolve closely spaced spectral lines. The
finesse F is given by,
√
π R
F = (4)
1−R
Where R is the reflectivity of surfaces.

2
3 Experimental set up and Fabry Perot fringe pattern

Figure 2: Fabry Perot instrument

3
Figure 3: Fabry Perot fringe pattern

4 Observation Table

Calibrating the micrometer (For known wavelength - Red Laser)

To find the calibration constant,

d
∆= (5)
d′
Nλ
Where d = 2 and λ = 650 nm

20 × 650 × 10−9
∆= = 0.0244 (6)
2 × 0.266 × 10−3

4
For unknown wavelength

The unknown wavelength of laser is calculated by,

2d′ ∆
λ= (7)
N
Here, d′ = 0.23 × 10−3 m

2 × 0.23 × 10−3 × 0.0244


λ= = 561.2 nm (8)
20

Find the spacing of the etalon


Distance between the screen and Fabry Perot etalon D = 85.7 cm

1
Fringe No. Radius (mm) Radius2 (mm2 ) χ2n = χ2m+n − χ2n t = nD2 λ × χ2n
(mm)
m 6.1 37.21
m+1 9.2 84.64 47.43 8.69
m+2 12 144 106.79 7.71
m+3 13.6 184.96 147.75 8.36
m+4 14.4 207.36 170.15 9.68
m+5 16.1 259.21 222 9.28
m+6 18.3 334.89 297.68 8.30
m+7 19.6 384.16 346.95 8.32
m+8 20.5 420.25 383.04 8.6
m+9 22.26 495.50 458.29 8.09

Average spacing of the etalon t = 8.55 mm

The finesse F is given by,


√
π R
F = (9)
1−R
3.14 × 0.707
F = = 4.44 (10)
0.5

5
5 Acknowledgement
I am thankful to IISER TVM and Dr. Rajeev kini for providing me opportunity to perform this
experiment.

6 References
[1] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/fabry.html
[2] Fabry-Perot Interferometer by G.Hernandez

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