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Fabry PEROT Interferometer by Pankaj Yadav

This document provides a presentation on the Fabry Perot interferometer. It contains: 1) An introduction to interference, multiple beam interference, and the Fabry Perot interferometer. 2) Details on how interference fringes are formed in the Fabry Perot interferometer. 3) Observations from an experiment to determine the average wavelength and wavelength difference of sodium light lines using the Fabry Perot interferometer. 4) The results of the experiment and applications of the Fabry Perot interferometer.

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Pankaj Yadav
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191 views16 pages

Fabry PEROT Interferometer by Pankaj Yadav

This document provides a presentation on the Fabry Perot interferometer. It contains: 1) An introduction to interference, multiple beam interference, and the Fabry Perot interferometer. 2) Details on how interference fringes are formed in the Fabry Perot interferometer. 3) Observations from an experiment to determine the average wavelength and wavelength difference of sodium light lines using the Fabry Perot interferometer. 4) The results of the experiment and applications of the Fabry Perot interferometer.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Yadav
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© © All Rights Reserved
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D.D.U.

Gorakhapur
University

Session 2021-22

Department of Physics
Presentation on

FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER

Presented by:
Pankaj Yadav Under the Guidance of:

M.Sc. Physics ( 1st Sem) Dr. Rajan Walia t


Roll No. – 38 Density
Experiment
Contents
 OBJECT
 FORMULA USED
 INTERFERENCE
 TYPE OF INTERFERENCE
 MULTIPLE BEAM INTERFERENCE
 FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER
 FORAMATION OF INTERFERENCE FRINGES
 OBSERVATIONS
 RESULT
 APPLICATION OF FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER
 REFERENCES
Object: To determine
1: Average wavelength of D1 and D2 lines of sodium light
2: The wavelength difference of D1 and D2 ( ∆λ D) lines using
Fabry PEROT Interferometer
FORMULA USED:
(A):For wavelength:
λ=2h/p

(B):For wavelength difference:

∆λd= λD2/2d = λD2/2Cl

(C):For scale factor:


C=p λ/2l

where , h=distance moved by mirror m2


p= positive integer
c= scale factor
l=distance travelled by meter level
INTERFERENCE
 When two or more light waves superimpose then there is a modification in the
intensity of light .This phenomenon is called as interference .
Types of interference based on intensity:

1.CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
 At certain points the wave superimpose in such a way that the
resultant intensity is greater than the sum of the intensities of to
individual waves.
 The interference produced at this point is called constructive
interference.
2. DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

 At certain points the wave superimpose in such a way that the resultant
intensity is less than the sum of the intensities of the individual waves.
 The interference produced at these point is called destructive interference.
INTERFERENCE CAN BE PRODUCED BY TWO METHODS

 Interference produced by division of wavefront .This method is useful only with


narrow sources . Narrow sources produce non localized fringes.
example: young double slit experiment ,Fresnel biprism ,etc

 Interference produced by division of amplitude . This method requires extended


sources of light.
example:fabry perot interferometry, interference in thin films ,Newton’Rings
FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER
 A fabry perot interferometer consist of two parallel partially silvered glass plates
in which multiple reflection of light takes place when a light ray incident on it
 If the separation between glass plates is fixed then it is known as etalon.
 This interferometer makes use of multiple refelections between two closely
spaced partially silvered glass plates.
 Part of light is transmitted each time the light reaches the second surface ,
resulting in multiple offset beams which can intefer with each other.
 The large number of interfering rays produces an interferometer with extremely
high resolution .
 The net phase change is zero for two adjacent rays , so the condition 2dcosθ=mλ
Represents an intensity maximum.

Figure: Fabry perot interferometer in department of


physics,DDUGU
FORMATION OF INTERFERENCE FRINGES :

 In fabry perot interferometer ,fringes are circular due to the


constant angular inclination of incident rays.
 Any ray parallel to AB will focus at same point P.
 If the rotate about the normal at B then the point P will rotate on
the circumference of a circle centered at point O.
 And this circlr will be bright and dark depending on the angle θ.
 Rays incident at different angles will focus at different distances
from point O and concentric rings of bright and dark will be obtained
.

A
OBSERVATIONS
 Least count of micrometer main scale= 1mm
 Least count of circular scale= 0.01mm
Average separation , l= 0.027 cm
1. TABLE FOR SCALE FACTOR
SN FRINGE NO. MICROMETER MAIN CIRCULAR SCALE TOTAL DIFF.OF
SCALE READING READING (CM) RAEDING (CM) MICROMETER
(CM) FOR150
FRINGES l(CM)
1 M 0.90 0.000 0.900
2 M+25 0.90 0.004 0.904
3 M+50 0.90 0.009 0.909
4 M+75 0.90 0.014 0.914 0.027
5 M+100 0.90 0.019 0.919 0.028
6 M+125 0.90 0.024 0.924 0.027
7 M+150 0.90 0.027 0.927 0.027
8 M+175 0.90 0.032 0.932 0.026
9 M+200 0.90 0.036 0.936 0.026
10 M+225 0.90 0.041 0.941
11 M+250 0.90 0.045 0.945
12 M+275 0.95 0.000 0.950
2. TABLE FOR WAVELENGTH
SN FRINGE NO. MICROMETER CIRCULAR TOTAL DIFF.OF
MAIN SCALE SCALE RAEDING MICROMETER
READING READING (CM) FOR150 FRINGES
(CM) (CM) l(CM)

1 M 0.95 0.000 0.950


2 M+25 0.95 0.003 0.953
3 M+50 0.95 0.007 0.957
4 M+75 0.95 0.011 0.961 0.024
5 M+100 0.95 0.016 0.966 0.026
6 M+125 0.95 0.019 0.969 0.024
7 M+150 0.95 0.024 0.974 0.025
8 M+175 0.95 0.027 0.977 0.024
9 M+200 0.95 0.031 0.981 0.029
10 M+225 0.95 0.035 0.985
11 M+250 0.95 0.040 0.990
12 M+275 0.95 0.045 0.995
Average separation ,l=0.025 cm
3. TABLE FOR DETREMINATION OF λ∆ :

SN NO.OF SUCCESIVE MICROMETER CIRCULAR TOTAL VALUE OF


DISSONANCE OR MAIN SCALE SCALE READING DISSONANC
CONSSONANCE READING (CM) READING (CM) (CM) E l’ (CM)
SEPARATIO
N OF TWO
DISSON.
1 1 0.40 0.020 0.420

2 2 0.55 0.025 0.575 0.467

3 3 0.70 0.016 0.716 0.465

4 4 0.85 0.037 0.887 0.460

5 5 1.00 0.040 1.040

6 6 1.15 0.026 1.176

Average separation , l=0.464 cm

After calculation we get following results....


RESULT :
The wavelength of sodium light is λ = (5518 ± 494) Å.
And the wavelength difference between D1and D2 lines of sodium
light is
λ∆ = (6 ± 1) Å

APPLICATION OF FABRY PEROT INTERFEROMETER :


Fabry perot etalons are widely used in telecommunications ,
lasers and spectroscopy to control and measure wavelength
of light .
REFERENCES :
 Fundamental of Optics by Francis A. Jenkins , Harvey E. White
 Optics by AJOY GHATAK
 A textbook of optics by Brijlal ,N.Subrahmanyam
 www.Wikipedia.com
 Internet
THANKS TO ALL OF
YOU

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