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5 - Lateral Loads - Earthquake (REVISED)

Lateral loads on structures include wind, seismic, and soil pressures. Earthquake loads are determined using the simplified static, static, or dynamic lateral force procedures specified in the National Structural Code of the Philippines depending on the structure's height, materials, irregularities, and location. Base shear is the maximum expected lateral force at the base during an earthquake and is distributed vertically as lateral loads proportionate to level weights for simplified static analysis and based on shear forces for static analysis.

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88 views24 pages

5 - Lateral Loads - Earthquake (REVISED)

Lateral loads on structures include wind, seismic, and soil pressures. Earthquake loads are determined using the simplified static, static, or dynamic lateral force procedures specified in the National Structural Code of the Philippines depending on the structure's height, materials, irregularities, and location. Base shear is the maximum expected lateral force at the base during an earthquake and is distributed vertically as lateral loads proportionate to level weights for simplified static analysis and based on shear forces for static analysis.

Uploaded by

isidro ylanan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LATERAL

LOADS
EARTHQUAKE

CE163-3
LATERAL LOADS

2
3/27/2023
Lateral loads (Lateral Forces) are loads that
are applied parallel to the ground; that is,
they are horizontal forces acting on a
structure. They are different to gravity loads
for example which are vertical, downward
Lateral Forces forces.

The most common types are:


• Wind load.
• Seismic load.
• Hydrostatic and earth pressure
WIND
LOAD

BUILDING
EARTHQUAKE
Lateral forces LOADS

SOIL / EARTH
PRESSURE

WATER/HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE
Earthquake & WIND
Lateral Load Path

Earthquake/Wind Lateral Loads

Diaphragm (normally Slabs)

MWFRS / Earthquake LFRS (Shear Earthquake


Loads
Walls, Bracing, Moment Frames)

Foundation

MWFRS – Main Wind Force Resisting


LFRS – Lateral Force Resisting System
System
EARTHQUAKE LOADS

6
3/27/2023
NSCP 2015, Chapter 2:
Minimum Design Loads
SECTION TITLE
201 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
202 DEFINITIONS
203 COMBINATION OF LOADS
204 DEAD LOADS
205 LIVE LOADS
206 OTHER MINIMUM LOADS
207 WIND LOADS
208 EARTHQUAKE LOADS
209 SOIL LATERAL LOADS
210 RAIN LOADS
211 FLOOD LOADS

NSCP 2015 7th Edition’s code provision for Earthquake


Analysis and Design is referenced from the Uniform Building
Code UBC 1997.
SELECTION OF LATERAL FORCE
PROCEDURES
NSCP 208.4.8
SELECTION OF LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURES
NSCP 208.4.8

Simplified Static STATIC DYNAMIC


(NSCP 2 08.4.8.1) (NSCP 208.4.8.2) (NSCP 208.4.8.3)

A LT E RNAT I VE PRO C ED U RE S
(NSCP 208.4.8.4)
SIMPLIFIED STATIC
(NSCP 208.4.8.1)

• The simplified static lateral-force procedure set forth in Section 208.5.1.1 may be used for
the following structures of Occupancy Category IV or V:
1. Buildings of any occupancy (including single-family dwellings) not more than three stories in
height excluding basements that use light-frame construction
2. Other buildings not more than two stories in height excluding basements.
STATIC
(NSCP 208.4.8.2)

The static lateral force procedure of Section 208.5 may be used for the following structures:
1. All structures, regular or irregular in Occupancy Categories IV and V in Seismic Zone 2.
2. Regular structures under 75 m in height with lateral force resistance provided by systems
listed in Table 208-11, except where Section 208.4.8.3 Item 4, applies.
3. Irregular structures not more than five stories or 20 m in height.
4. Structures having a flexible upper portion supported on a rigid lower portion where both
portions of the structure considered separately can be classified as being regular, the
average storey stiffness of the lower portion is at least 10 times the average storey stiffness
of the upper portion and the period of the entire structure is not greater than 1.1 times the
period of the upper portion considered as a separate structure fixed at the base
DYNAMIC
(NSCP 208.4.8.3)
The dynamic lateral-force procedure of Section 208.5.3 shall be
used for all other structures, including the following:
1. Structures 75 m or more in height, except as permitted by
Section 208.4.8.2, Item 1
2. Structures having a stiffness, weight or geometric vertical
irregularity of Type 1, 2 or 3, as defined in Table 208-9, or
structures having irregular features not described in Table
208-9 or 208-10, except as permitted by Section
208.4.10.3.1.
3. Structures over five stories or 20 m in height in Seismic Zone
4 not having the same structural system throughout their
height except as permitted by Section 208.5.3.2.
4. Structures, regular or irregular, located on Soil Profile Type
SF, that have a period greater than 0.7 s. The analysis shall
include the effects of the soils at the site and shall conform
to Section 208.5.3.2, Item 4.
ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES
(NSCP 208.4.8.4)

208.4.8.4.1 General

Alternative lateral-force procedures using rational


analyses based on well-established principles of
mechanics may be used in lieu of those prescribed
in these provisions.
DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC DESIGN
FACTORS
NSCP 208.4.10
Determination of
• For specific elements of the
structure, as specifically identified in
this code, the minimum design
strength shall be the product of the
seismic force over-strength factor
and the design seismic forces
set forth in Section 208.5.
• For both Allowable Stress Design
and Strength Design, the Seismic
Force Over-strength Factor, shall
be taken from Table 208-11.

Seismic Force Over-strength


Factor
Determination of R
• The value for R shall be
taken from Table 208-11.
DESIGN BASE SHEARS
NSCP 208.4.5
SIMPLIFIED STATIC & STATIC
BASE SHEAR

• Base shear is the estimation of maximum


expected lateral force which will occur at
the base of a structure due ground motion
during the earthquake.

As the ground
moves horizontally
during earthquake,
That developed lateral force due seismic
lateral force is
motion at the base of the structure is called
developed in
base shear.
opposite direction (civiltej.com
of motion. Calculated Base Shear will then ) be
distributed VERTICALLY as lateral loads to
different floor levels of a building.
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF
FORCE (BASE SHEAR)
SIMPLIFIED STATIC & STATIC PROCEDURE
SIMPLIFIED STATIC
NSCP 208.5.1.2
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE
SIMPLIFIED STATIC

STOREY
WEIGHT
STATIC

NSCP 208.5.2.3
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE
STATIC

Summation of Horizontal Forces


Concentrated force at the at each level.
top

Calculated Base Shear using


Static Procedure

Remaining Portion of Base


Shear distributed over the
height of the structure
END

24

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