English Physics 2 Year
English Physics 2 Year
2
PHYSICS - II
C= E = mc
Study Material
2
g= 9.8m/s
DIST: MEDAK
ENGLISH MEDIUM
λ =
INTERMEDIATE
District Collector:
Sri Rajarshi Sha, I.A.S
Medak Dist.
Nodal Officer:
Sri K. Sathyanarana,
Medak Dist.
“Co-ordinator”
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PHYSICS – II YEAR
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=
2000
Ns= X Np= X10=100
200
∴ Ns = 100 turns.
28. Define power of a convex what is its unit? The power of convex lens is equal to reciprocal of
focal length ∴P=
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This
his forms and inverted image of tall objects and causes optical illusion to the observers this
phenomena is known as “mirage
mirage”.
4. Explain Doppler Effect in light. Distinguishes between red shift and blue shift?
Ans: DOPPLER EFFECT IN LIGHT:- Whenever there is a relative motion between a source of light
and observe the Apparent frequency of light recei
received
ved by the observer is different from the true
frequency of light emitted actually from the source of light.
BLUE SHIFT: - When source and observer approach Each Other Apparent frequency increases and
spectral lines shift towards the blue this is called “Blue shift”.
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RED SHIFT: - when source and observer away from each other Apparent of frequency decreases
and spectral line shift towards red this is called “red shift”.
7. Define intensity of electric field it a point derive and expression for the intensity due to a point
charge?
Ans: It is definite as the force experienced per unit positive charge placed it that point in the
electric field.
E=
The force acting on a small charge q and Q
F=
= ……………………(1)
E- Intensity of electric field.
(E) = ………………..(2)
From eq (1) and (2)
(E) =
8. Derive the equation for the couple acting on electric dipole in the uniform electric field?
Ans: A dipole of dipole moment 𝑃⃗in a electric field 𝐸⃗
Force is acting on + q is ------ qE
Force is acting on –q is -------- -qE
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∴ τ = 𝑞𝐸⃗ 𝑋 2𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
∴ τ = 2𝑞𝑎𝐸⃗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
∴ τ = 𝑝⃗ × 𝐸⃗ (∴ 𝑃⃗ = 2𝑞𝑎
𝑞𝑎)
( ∴ dipole moment P = 2aq )
9. Explain series combination of capacitors derive the formula for equivalent capacitance in each
combination?
Ans: When the second plate of the first capacitor is connected to the first plate of second capaci
capacitor
and second plate of second capacitor is connected to the first plate of third capacitor an
and so on.
Such a combination is called “series””
Combination Of Capacitors:
12. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a conductor which is moved in a uniform
magnetic field which is perpendicular to the plane of motion?
Ans: Consider a rectangular loop PQRS placed in uniform magnetic field such that PQ is free to
move with constant velocity V.
Magnetic flux fB = Blx
‘x’ The rate of charge of flux fB, will induced and emf
∅
𝜀=
( ) – ( )
𝜀= = Bl = Blv
𝜀 = Blv
13. Describe the way is in which eddyy currents are used to advantage?
Ans: Eddy currents:- when large pieces conductors or subjected to changing magnetic flux induced
currents are produced in then they are called Eddy currents.
currents
Eddy current uses:-
1. Magnetic breaking in trains: when the electromagnetics are activated, the Eddy Currents
induced in the rails oppose the motion of the train.
2. Electromagnetic damping: When the coil oscillates the Eddy Currents generated in the core
oppose the motion on and bring the coil to rest quickly.
3. Induction Furnace:- when alternating current is passed through a wire Wound on a metal to be
melted, Eddy Currents are developed as result high temperatures or produced which melts the
metals. This molten metal’s are used to make alloys.
4. Electric power meters:- The shiny metal disc in the electric power meter rotates due to the
Eddy Currents and indicates consumer units.
14. What are the limitations of Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom?
Limitations: - (i) Bohr’ss model is applicable to only single electron system (Z=1) hydrogen atom and
fails in case of atoms (Z>1)
(ii) It is does not explain the wave properties of electron.
(iii) This model does not explain the fine structure of spectral lines.
(iv) This model doesoes not explain Zeeman and Stark effects.
15. Write a short note on Debroglie's explanation of Bohr's second postulate of quantization?
(i) Debroglie explained that the movie electron in circular orbits creates a stationary wave with
nodes and anti notes
(ii) In a stationary wave the total distance travelled by a wave is an integral number of
wavelengths.
(iii) For an electron moving in nth circular orbit of radius rn
‘’The total distance is the circumference of the Orbit 2 2𝜋𝑟 n
2πrn= nλ {λ = = }
2πrn =
L=n( )
∴ Hence
ence angular momentum of electron is integral multiple of is obtained by Debroglie.
PHYSICS – II YEAR
Working: A full wave rectified consists of two diodes D1 and D2 positive half cycle of a.c. input
D1 forward biased (ON),
D2 rivers bi acid (OFF)
The current flows through load residence RL due to D1 only
Negative half cycle of AC : D1 is Reverse biased – OFF, D2 is forward biasd -- ON
The current flows through load residence RL due to D2 only
. ×
it is efficiency (η) = = 81.2%
full wave rectifier converts
∴ both the half cycles of AC input DC is 81.2 %
That's means the maximum efficiency of full wave rectifier 81.2 %
17. Describe how a semiconductor diode is used as a half wave rectifier?
Ans: The rectified out put of current (d.c.) is only for half of the input A.C. It is called half wave
rectifier.
During the positive half cycle, the diode is in forward biased and current flow through the
diode.
During the Negative half cycle, the diode is in reverse biased and current does not flow
through the diode.
Hence, current flows in RL only in one direction”
Half wave rectifies only one half cycle of a.c. input.
. ×
Rectifier efficiency (η) = =η= = 40.6%
Half wave rectification, 40.6 % of a.c. power is converted into dc power.
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18. Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth tables.
Ans: NAND gate: NAND gate is combination of AND + NOT Gates, NAND Gate = AND gate + NOT
gate
A B Y=A.B Y=𝐀. 𝐁
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
NOR Gate:- NOR gate is combination of OR gate, NOT gate, NOR Gate = OR gate + NOT gate.
1. (A) How are stationary waves formed in closed pipes? explain the various modes of vibration
and obtain relations for their frequencies?
(B) A closed organ pipe 70cm long is surrounded. If the velocity of sound is 331 M/s what is the
fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column?
Ans: Closed pipe: A pipe closed at one end is called closed pipe. It is contents air column
Formation of stationary waves in a closed pipe:- In closed pipe the incident wave and reflected
wave travelling in opposite directions and super impose each other and produce stationery waves.
Node is formed at the closure and antinodes at open end.
st
1 harmonic: - in this mode one node and one anti node is formed.
∴Length of the air column (L) =
∴ λ1 = 4L
∴ 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑣1 =
∴ 𝑣 = -------(1)
This frequency is called first harmonic (or) fundamental frequency
3rd Harmonic: Two nodes and to antinodes are formed
∴length of air column(L)=
λ3 =
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𝑣 =
∴ 𝑣 = = 3𝑣 -----(2)
This frequency is called 3RD harmonic (or) 1ST over tone
th
5 Harmonic: - 3 notes and 3 antinodes are formed
Length of air column (L) =
∴ λ =
𝑉
∴𝑣 =
λ
5𝑉
∴ 𝑣 = = 5𝑣 … … … … … … … (3)
4𝐿
This frequency is called 5TH harmonic (or) second overtone
now = ∴ 𝑣 : 𝑣 ∶ 𝑣 … … … … 𝑣 : 3𝑣 : 5𝑣 = 1: 3: 5 … ….
Conclusion: - Thus, the harmonic in a closed pipe or in the ratio of odd numbers.
= = -------(4)
(v) Apply kirchoff’s loop rule to closed loop CBDC, we get.
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i4R4+0+(-i3R3)=0
=> i3R3=i4R4
=> = ------(5)
We get eq . (3) we get
i1 R4
∴ = -------(6)
i2 R3
(vi) From eq. (4), (5) we get
=
R1 R3
∴ = --------(7)
R2 R4
3. (A). State the working principle of potentiometer. Explain with the help of circuit diagram how
the e.m.f of two primary cells is compared. By using the potentiometer?
Ans: Potentiometer: It is a device used to measure e.m.f of a cell
Principle: The Potential difference (V) between any 2 points of the wire is directly proportional to
the length (l) of the wire between the two points.
∴V∞l Potential drop per unit length of the wire.
∴V=Φl
Comparison of em.f’s of two cells: let 𝜀 & 𝜀 be the e.m.f’s of tow cells under comparison these
two cells of emf are connected with 2 way key.
(i) In the 1st position of the key 1,3 pionts are connected and cell ( 𝜀 ) gets connected to
galvanometer (G). found the balancing length (l1).
∴ 𝜀 = Φ 𝑙 ------(1)
(II) in the second position of the key 2,3 points are connected. Now the cell ( 𝜀 ) gets connected to
G found the balancing length (l2).
𝜀2 = Φ𝑙 ------(2)
( )
From eq. we get
( )
∴ =
∴ = ……………….(3)
Problem 𝜀 =1.25 V, l1=35.0 cm, l2=63.0 cm, 𝜀 =?
Formula : : - =
𝜀1 ×𝑙2 1.25 ×63
𝜀2 = = = 2.25𝑉
𝑙1 35
∴ 𝜀2 = 2.25 𝑉
B. state the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram how to
potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of given Primary cell?
Potentiometer: it is a derive used to measure e.m.f of cell without drawing any current from it.
Principle: the potential difference (V) between any 2 points of the wire is directly proportional to
the length (L) of the wire between the two points.
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Formula. ∴ Φ = = v/m
(ε)= Φl
Y. NARENDER
JL IN PHYSICS , GJC – Narsingi,
Subject Convener Dist : Medak
Cell No. 9390758052
S. PADMA K. SIVARAJANI
JL IN PHYSICS, TSWRT Ramayampet PGT IN PHYSICS, TSMS Chegunta
Dist: Medak - Cell NO: 7660056100 Dist: Medak - Cell NO: 9290925742
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