RANDOM VARIABLE- outcome of a random experiment PHASES OF WATER

1.CONDENSATION
TYPES: 2.PRECIPITATION
DISCRETE- assumes accountable values 3.EVAPORATION

CONTINOUS- value contained in one or more intervals MINERALS AND ROCKS

MINERALS- basic building blocks of rocks
NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
- bell-shaped (symmetric) curve IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
1. Naturally occuring
PARAMETERS- computed from population 2. Inorganic
3. Solid
STATISTICS- computed from a sample 4. Crystalline structure
5. Definite chemical composition
NULL HYPOTHESIS- claim assumed true until it is
declared false (Ho) PROPERTIES
LUSTER- reflected light
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS- true if the null hypothesis is A. METALLIC- generally opaque
false ( H1) B. NONMETALLIC- vitreous, adamantine, resinous, silky,
pearly, dull, and greasy
TYPES OF ERROR
TYPE 1 ERROR- true null hypothesis is rejected HARDNESS- resistance to abrasion
A. MOHS SCALE- German Geologist/Mineralogist
TYPE II ERROR- false null hypothesis is not rejected Friedrich Mohs in 1812

CRYSTAL FORM/HABIT- external shape of crystal in an

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE open space
COSMOLOGY- study of universe [ 10-15 billion yeas ago A. AMORPHOUS- absence of crystal structure
(primordial)]
CLEAVAGE- weak plane
STELLAR EVOLUTION- “The Birth, Life, & Death of a
Star” COLOR - minerals can exhibit similar color
STREAK- mineral’s color in powdered form
BIGBANG THEORY
SINGULARITY- (point) SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of the density of the mineral
and water
INFLATION- (rapid expansion of space)

NUCLEOSYNTHESIS- (“plasma soup”) STRESS INFLUENCING ROCK BEHAVIOR

COMPRESSION- pushes the rocks together
RECOMBINATION- evidences
RED SHIFT- Edwin Hubble TENSION- pulled apart
ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS
SHEARING- edge may break away

CONFINING- increasing confining pressure

THEORIES CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY (1912)

BIG BANG THEORY - Alfred Wegener (German meteorologist)
- Pangaea separated into current continents
CREATIONIST THEORY- created by God
BIOGENETICS - how energy flows through living cells
OSCILLATING UNIVERSE THEORY AUTOTROPH- plants
- proposed by George Gamow
HETEROTROPH- animals
STEADY STATE THEORY- same from beginning to end
FORMS OF ENERGY MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
POTENTIAL- virtue of its position 1. ARISTOTLE MODEL- linear communication (speaker,
speech, audience)
KINETIC- virtue of being in motion
2. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949) - mother of all
THERMAL- movements of particles within the object communication models, one-way process

SOLAR- radiant energy emitted by the sun 3. TRANSACTION MODEL- collaborative exchange of
messages, two-way process
CHEMICAL- may be released during a chemical reaction
4. SCHRAMM ( 1954)- field of experience
MECHANICAL- energy acquired by the object upon
which work is done BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
1. Emotional Barriers
PHOTOSEYNTHESIS - production of food in plants 2. Use of jargon
A. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION(THYLAKOID 3. Lack of confidence
MEMBRANE)- energy production reactions 4. Noisy environment

B. LIGHT INDEPENDENT( CALVIN CYCLE) DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL

-Takes place in stroma SENSITIVITY-Bennett and Bennett (2004)
1. DENIAL- does not recognize cultural differences
CALVIN CYCLE
1. Carbon Fixation 2. DEFENSE- starts to recognize
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration 3. MINIMIZATION- bank more on universality

CHEMICAL REACTION 4. ACCEPTANCE- begins to appreciate

- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
5. ADAPTATION- open to world views
MITOSIS (body cells)
- regenerate cells 6. INTEGRATION-starts to go beyond their own culture
-repair damage cells
- diploid cells ( 46 x 2 chromosomes) TYPES OF TEXT CONTEXT
1. INTRAPERSONAL- centers on one’s self
MEIOSIS ( reproductive cells)
- for production of organisms 2. INTERPERSONAL- between and among people
- haploid cells ( 23 x 4 chromosomes)
TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL CONTEXT
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION 1. DYAD COMMUNICATION- two people
SPEAKER- source
2. SMALL GROUP- atleast 3 but not more than
MESSAGE- ideas conveyed in words or action
3. PUBLIC- before or in front of a group
ENCODING- process of converting the message
4. MASS COMMUNICATION- takes place through
CHANNEL- the medium various types of media

DECODING- interpreting the encoded message TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE

1. INTIMATE- private (family)
RECEIVER- the recipient of the message
2. CASUAL- peers and friends
FEEDBACK- reactions or responses
3. CONSULTATIVE- standard (teachers and students)
CONTEXT- the environment
4. FORMAL- one way ( sermons from priests)
BARRIER- factors affecting the flow of communication
5. FROZEN- remains unchanged ( Lord’s Prayer)
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT- AUSTIN (1962) 1. Control
1. LOCUTIONARY - utterance of a sound, word, phrase
- same meaning to both speaker and listener 2. Social Interaction

2. ILLOCUTIONARY - with intention 3. Motivation

- stating opinions or such
4. Emotional Expression
3. PERLOCUTIONARY - aims to change feelings,
thoughts or actions 5. Information Dissemination
- Inspiring, persuading, deterring

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY BUSINESS MATH

1. NOMINATION- establish a topic LENDER/CREDITOR- nagpautang

2. RESTRICTION- limitations as speaker BORROWER/DEBTOR- syempre nangutang

3. TURN-TAKING- decide who takes the conversational MATURITY DATE- to be completely repaid
floor
PRINCIPAL- amount of money borrowed
4. TOPIC CONTROL- avoiding unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts INTEREST- amount paid for the use of money

5. TOPIC SHIFTING- moving from one topic to another RATE- rate of increase of the investment

6. REPAIR- addressing problems in social interaction STOCKS- investors are part of the company

7. TERMINATION- end a topic BONDS- raising money by borrowing from investors

TYPES OF SPEECH PROPOSITION (declarative sentence)- true of false but

1. INFORMATIVE SPEECH- clear understanding of a topic not both

2. ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH- humorous speech COMPOUND PROPOSITION- combination of logical

connectors
3. PERSUASIVE SPEECH- influence own ideas and
decisions

TYPES SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

1. EXTEMPORANEOUS- guided by notes or outline YOU GOT
2. IMPROMPTU- unrehearsed and spoken
conversationally THIS!
FIGHTING!
3. MANUSCRIPT- reading aloud a written message

4. MEMORIZED- reciting written speech word-for-word

from memory

GENERAL MATH

RELATION- relate values from domain to range

FUNCTION- domain is related to only one value in the

range

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION