Section 2 Structure

1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and

_____
(A) dance that she teaches
(B) her teaching of dance
(C) to teach dancing
(D) dance teacher

2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in the

shadow of the Moon.
(A) the Earth lies
(B) the Earth when lying
(C) that the Earth lies
(D) the lying Earth

3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda

Doolittle became associated with the Imagists,
and ______ into one of the most original poets of
the group.
(A) developed
(B) to be developing
(C) who developed
(D) developing it

4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches

the ground; some of it is lost through evaporation.
(A) Nowhere
(B) Not
(C) No
(D) None

5. In an area first explored by Samuel de

Champlain, ______ .
(A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749
(B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established
(C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax
(D) the city of Halifax was established in 1749

6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of its

commercial ships and the people ______ them.
(A) they operate
(B) who operate
(C) they operate of
(D) do they operate

7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against

slavery in Virginia in 1831.
(A) Where was
(B) It was
(C) He was
(D) That he was

8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ ,

domed communal structure built by social
weaverbirds.
(A) larger
(B) largely is
(C) the large
(D) is the large

9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of Respect,"

______ an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals
with social issues.
(A) covers
(B) covers it
(C) which covers
(D) which it covers

10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate

______ yield when unusual weight is placed on
them.
(A) although its crust and mantle
(B) its crust and mantle to
(C) that its crust and mantle
(D) for its crust and mantle to

11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all of

the United States, can be raised from seed in
almost any garden.
(A) native
(B) how native is
(C) how native is it
(D) is native

12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually

depends on the duration of darkness, ______ .
(A) the light is not on
(B) and not on light
(C) but is not on the light
(D) is not on light

13. ______, the first Black denomination in the

United States.
(A) Richard Alien founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church
(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church
(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church
founded by Richard Alien
(D) The foundation of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church by Richard Alien

14. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is

greater than ______ .
(A) that of its mining and farming combined
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming

15. The wallflower ______ because its weak stems

often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for
support.
(A) so called is
(B) so is called
(C) is so called
(D) called is so
Section 3 Reading Comprehension
STRUCTURE

1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in chewing, …..…, and speaking.
a. to b. swallowing
c. for d. of

2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the Federal Reserve System is to….. into twelve
districts.
a. dividing b. divided
c. division d. divides

3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.

a. beautifully b. beau
c. beauty d. beautiful

4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and……. For their food by probing the
ground with their long bills.
a. searching b. searches
c. searched d. search

5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly grew to be the largest city in colonial America.
a. he b. it
c. it d. we

6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than in……Canadian province except Prince Edward
Island.
a. other b. one another
c. any other d. others

7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman College, served as…….to both Franklin
Rosevelt and Harry Truman.
a. advise b. advised
c. an advisor d. advising

8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can affect a person even if he or she merely
brushes against them.
a. irritating b. irritated
c. irritability d. irritation

9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people….
a. hearing them b. do
c. do them c. hear

10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is…….the alternation of periods of light and darkness.
a. responsible in b. responsible for
c. responsible with d. responsible to
11. Doctors are not sure……fever
a. exactly how disease causes
b. diseases exactly causes how
c. how disease causes exactly
d. how exactly causes disease

12. ……….Burmese breed of cat was developed in the US during the 1930’s.
a. The b. When the
c. While the d. Since the

13. Along the rocky shores of New England………and tidal marsh.

a. are where stretches of sandy beach
b. stretches of sandy are there
c. are stretches of sandy beach
d. stretches of sandy beach are

14. lina was nominated for an award as both a screenwriter……..an actress in 2009.
a. also b. in addition
c. and d. but

15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of the surrounding region and can even cause
lakes to disappear.
a. feature b. the featured
c. featuring d. the feature

16. most tree frogs change color to harmonize…………

a. to their background
b. with their background
c. on their background
d. in background of them

17. due to the refraction of light rays,…. Is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exact
location of a star close to the horizon.
a. it b. this
c. that d. there

18. Modern poets have experimented with poetic devices…………..and assonance.

a. as such alliteration
b. such as alliteration
c. such alliteration as
d. alliteration such as

19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and color.

a. with b. of
c. at d. in
20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the fight for civil rights.
a. his life to work the abolishment
b. his life to working for the abolishment
c. his life to work to abolish
d. his life to working in abolish

21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, is named……

a. a famous after nurses
b. after a famous nurse
c. nurses after a famous
d. after famous nurses

22. Xanthines have both

Good and bad effects on the body, and these effects…..the size and regularity of dosage.
a. are generally determined by
b. are generally determined on
c. are generally determined in
d. are generally determined with

23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to give up reporting in 1926, M.Mitchell began writing
her novel Gone with the wind.
a. herself b. her
c. hers d. she

24. one of the most difficult questions in difining sleep is “what……the functions of sleep?”
a. is b. has
c. have d. are

25. the museum houses…..of various objects documenting the vibrancy of the cultures.
a. five thousands pieces
b. pieces five thousands
c. five thousand pieces
d. thousands five pieces

26. …….in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate
oppositely.
a. seven of planets rotate
b. seven planets rotate
c. seven rotate of planets
d. seven rotate planets

27. in the US….. to the national legislature comprising the house of Representatives and the
Senate.
a. voters elect representatives
b. representatives elect voters
c. elect representatives voters
d. voters election representative

28. it is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives,……the
main focus of social psychology.
a. which are b. that are
c. which is d. that is

29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties cultivated flowers.

a. are b. have
c. there are d. have there

30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature are based on deductive reasoning.
a. methods use by
b. they used methods
c. the methodology used
d. using the methods of

31. the short story most naturally flourishes in an age…..with simplicity and directness.
a. what it expresses
b. that expresses itself
c. which expressing
d. it is expressed

32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface ocean currents is much more

complete…….subsurface currents.
a. than b. than in
c. than those of d. than that of

33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not produce chlorophyll.

a. most of b. the most of
c. the most d. most

34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied according to the kinds of…
a. are foods baked
b. foods to be baked
c. are baked foods
d. foods are baking

35. the three most common states of matter are….

a. solidity, liquid, and gas
b. solid, liquefy, and gas
c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
d. solid, liquid, and gas

36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow

a. large b. of a large
c. of large d. a large

37. it has been found that chronic loud noise may lead to….hearing loss
a. temporary or permanently
b. temporarily or permanent
c. temporarily or permanently
d. temporary or permanent

38. with modern machinery, textile mills can manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds
as…..weeks o produce by hands
a. workers once took it
b. took workers it once
c. it took once workers
d. it once took workers

39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The Naked and The Dead, published in 1948.
a. Successfully achieved
b. achieved success
c. successful achievement
d. achievement of success

40. Through the years, the job of governing cities has become …..complex.
a. so much increasingly
b. increasingly whole
c. increasingly
d. what is increasingly
STRUCTURE

1.Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty member __________ to apply for the dean’s
position.
A. intend
B. intends
C. are intending
D. has intend
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from food
and water, even in developed countries.
A. one of the
B. one of
C. one
D. of one
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if immediate action had not beentaken.
A. probably being
B. probably be
C. probably been
D. be probable
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a problem for firefighters.
A. ninety-story-tall
B. ninety-tall-story
C. ninety-stories-tall
D. ninety stories
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, __________ was used as a conference room.
A. larger of which
B. the largest of which
C. the largest of them
D. largest
6. In the past six months, the company has already received twice __________ ingross revenues
as it earned in the entire preceding year.
A. as much
B. more
C. as many
D. as more
7. __________ better, the team would have been able to defeat the opponent.
A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
C. Preparing
D. Had it prepared
8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until next week.
A. the meeting
B. was the meeting
C. did the meeting
D. the meeting was
9. The curriculum at the public school is as good __________ of any privateschool.
A. or better than
B. as or better that
C. as or better than that
D. as or better than those
10. Being a private university, __________ a well-organized charitable givingprogram in order
to offer a sufficient number of quality courses and activities.
A. development of
B. it developed
C. develop
D. developing
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income from on-line purchases, but __________.
A. traditional companies as well
B. traditional companies too
C. also traditional companies
D. so do traditional companies
12. The company had difficulty distributing __________ so that they could meetproduction
quotas.
A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely manner to its manufacturers
B. a sufficient number of parts to its manufacturers in a timely manner
C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a sufficient number of parts
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a sufficient number of parts

13. The company sustained an angry reaction from its employees after announcing how
__________ to reduce operating costs.
A. it planned
B. planned
C. did it plan
D. was planned
14. The gymnasium facilities of this public school are __________ those of the finest private
school in the county.
A. second after
B. second only to
C. first except for
D. second place from
15. The more the horse tried to free itself from the restraint, __________.
A. the tighter it became
B. it became tighter
C. the horse could not escape
D. it was unable to move
16. __________, that runner is likely to be the first one chosen.
A. Due to her agility and speed
B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid
D. Because her agility and speed
17. It was not until the students were seated __________ the proctor realized he had the wrong
test booklets.
A. that
B. when
C. as soon as
D. and
18. As a result of the additional rain with so much flooding already having occurred,residents
were seeking shelter __________ than in previous years.
A. in more numbers
B. more numerously
C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers
19. The company president wrote an e-mail and planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
wascomplete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors
20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of the medication, __________ to curtail her
work and public speaking activities.
A. has
B. had
C. she has had
D. she will had
21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.
A. Upon entering the store
B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store
22. Hardly __________ the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had entered
B. had entered
C. entered
D. had he entered
23. Once the employees had begun receiving financial information on the company, __________
income.
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and increasing
B. it made the employees more eager to assist in reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and increase
24. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with regular pliers but then decided he needed to
retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________.
A. another pliers
B. others pliers
C. the others ones
D. another pair
25. The committee has met and __________.
A. have approve the budget
B. budget was approved
C. its approval of the budget
D. approved the budget
STRUCTURE

Directions : Questions 1-4- are complete sentences you will see, four words or phrases, market
(A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best complete the sentences

1. A dominant animal is best defined as one …. Actions are not constrained by possible
responses of its fellows.
a) With
b) That is
c) Whose
d) Where its

2. In general, …. Have a professional obligation to protect confidential sources of information.

a. Which journalists
b. Journalists, they
c. Journalists
d. Journalists that

3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile strength, appreance,…

a. Is hard
b. Although hard
c. Has hardness
d. And hardness

4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and responsibility and builds to a remarkable conclusion.
a. The written beautifully novel
b.The beautifully written novel
c. The novel beautifully written
d. The written novel beautifully

5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an eagle and courage of a lion.

a. Who appears
b. He appears
c. Who appear
d. He appear

6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, john still had problems with his teacher.
a. Despite of
b. In spite of
c. Even though
d. Nonetheless
7. This new service will be available to all users …. Up for paid membership.
a. That signed
b. That signed it
c. Which signed
d. Sign

8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her ….

a. Totally behavior irresponsible
b. Behavior totally irresponsible
c. Irresponsible totally behavior
d. Totally irresponsible behavior

9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ….
a. Hear
b. Hearing them
c. Do
d. Do them

10. Of all economically important phants,palms have been …

a. The least studied
b. Study less and less
c. Study the least
d. To study the less

11. With the passing of the time and the emoarchement of people, the habitat of garillas … to
decrease
a. Containing
b. Continius
c. Which continue
d. Continue

12. …. Social meeting birds that build their nests in tress and on clifis.
a. Most stocks are
b. Stocks most
c. The most stocks
d. Most are stocks

13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for this work on the phoneletric effect.
a. That enstein
b. It was enstein
c. Enstein who
 d. Enstein

14. .Emma Thompson was nominated for an Academy Award as both a Screenwriher…an
actress in 1996.

a) Also
b) Or
c) In addition
d) And

15. Because of its warm tropical climate, howards…. Subzero temperature.

a) Almost experience never
b) Expreriance never almost
c) Experiences almost never
d) Almost never expreriance

16. from the inception of his long and distingshed carrer, frank lieyd wright was concerned with
how … architecture with topography.

a) Integrating
b) To integrate
c) Did the integrate
d) Integrated

17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally robbed despire their intricate pessegewrys, byzantine
mazes, and …

a) Walls which were false

b) They had false walls
c) False walls
d) Walls of falsity

18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued in todays antique furniture market.

a) A colonial masterpiece
b) A colonial masterpiece which
c) It is a colonial masterpiece that
d) Whose colonial masterpiece
19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and vista of sandy beaches contrasted… rockbound
shoreline.

a) To the rugged
b) By the rugged
c) On the rugged
d) At the rugged

20. At the seventh international ballet competions, Fernando Bujones won the first, gold modal
ever … to a Unites States make dancer

a) That award
b) Should be awarding
c) To be awarded
d) To award

21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the great Orion Nebuls …. Can be seen by the narked eye.

a) It
b) Which
c) One
d) Who

22. Over time the young students will perfect the art of piano playing. After all, such …. Needs
delicate handling .

a) A tuned instrument finely

b) A finely instrument tuned
c) An instrument tuned finely
d) A finely tuned instrument

23. Before Johnson and smith reached great heights in the business world, … encountered many
great difficults in promoting their theories and methods.

a) They
b) Who
c) Which
d) He
Structure

1. Clinical psychologist Dr. Carl Rogers found that 80 _____ percent verbal communication
involved five types of responses: evaluative, interpretive, supportive, probing, and
understanding.
(A) all
(B) is the
(C) with
(D) of all

2. The early feminist leader Susan B. Anthony became increasingly aware through her work in
the temperance movement ______ the same rights as men.
(A) women were not granted that
(B) that women were not granted
(C) not granted women that were
(D) that were not granted women

3. DNA, _____, is found in the cell nucleus

in the form of very long and thin
molecules consisting of two spiral strands.
(A) inherits material
(B) is inheritance material
(C) material is inherited
(D) the material of inheritance

4. ______ plants, which manufacture their

own food, animals obtain nourishment by
acquiring and ingesting their food.
(A) Unlike
(B) Different
(C) Whereas
(D) As much

5. The Hawaiian alphabet, introduced by missionaries in the 1820's, _____ and only seven
consonants.
(A) the five vowels consist of
(B) consisting of five vowels
(C) that consists of five vowels
(D) consists of five vowels

6. Working like a telescope, _____ the size

of objects at great distances.
(A) which magnifies a telephoto lens
(B) a telephoto lens magnifies
(C) a telephoto lens which magnifies
(D) and magnifying a telephoto lens

7. Volcanoes are divided into three main

groups, based on their shape and the
type of material they______.
(A) are made
(B) made of
(C) are made of
(D) made for

8. _____ to inanimate objects, such as

machines, is a form of animism.
(A) When attributing emotion
(B) Attributing emotion
(C) Emotion is attributed
(D) If emotion is attributed

9. ______, dolphins have no sense of smell.

(A) As known as far
(B) Known thus far as
(C) It is known as far
(D) As far as is known

10. The growth of psychobiology owes _____ to major conceptual advances in the way people
think about the brain.
(A) much
(B) as much as
(C) much which
(D) there is so much

11. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman ______ the Nobel Prize for
Literature.
(A) receive
(B) received
(C) to receive
(D) she received
12. Now considered an art form, quilt making originated as a means of fashioning bed covers
from bits of fabric that otherwise ______.
(A) not use
(B) were no use
(C) had no use
(D) it was not used

13. The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning
_____ or individual states should have more power.
(A) whether the federal government
(B) either the federal government
(C) that the federal government
(D) the federal government

14. Beneath the streets of a modem city _____ of walls, columns, cables, pipes, and tunnels
required to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants.
(A) where exists the network
(B) the existing network
(C) the network's existence
(D) exists the network

15. The province of Newfoundland has _____ than any other region of North America in which
the first language is English.
(A) its longer history
(B) a longer history
(C) the longer the history
(D) the history is longer

1. In 1879, _____, Alice Freeman Palmer became head of the history department at Wellesley
College.
(A) twenty-four years
(B) at the age of twenty-four
(C) age twenty-four
(D) of twenty-four years

2. United States spends more money on advertising _____ country in the world.
(A) other
(B) other than
(C) than any other
(D) while other

3. Penicillin, probably _____, came into widespread use after the Second World War.
(A) an antibiotic of known
(B) was known the antibiotic
(C) the best-known antibiotic
(D) known best antibiotic

4. Although Emily Dickinson is now a well-known American poet, only seven of her poems
_____ while she was alive.
(A) publishing
(B) to publish
(C) have published
(D) were published

5. Thomas Jefferson served as president of the American Philosophical Society, an organization

that encouraged of scientific and intellectual research.
(A) ranging wide
(B) a wide range
(C) which ranged widely
(D) a widely ranging

6. Part of the Great Plains, Kansas is

famous for ____ fields of wheat.
(A) its seemingly endless
(B) it seems endless
(C) it is seemingly endless
(D) it is endless it seems

7. Skimming along the surface of the ocean or rising from its depths like delicate balloons,
_____ to their aquatic habitat.
(A) the perfect adaptation of jellyfish
(B) jellyfish are perfectly adapted
(C) jellyfish are adapted to perfectly
(D) and the adaption is perfect for jellyfish

8. The sidereal day is the period _____ the Earth completes one rotation on its axis.
(A) when does it
(B) while it
(C) during which
(D) in that

9. _____ rainfall in the desert is low, it is one of the most important climatic factors in the
formation of desert erosion features.
(A) Although
(B) Why
(C) Despite
(D) Due to

10. A strong swimmer, _____.

(A) that fish and seal are eaten chiefly by the polar
bear
(B) the polar bear eats chiefly fish and seal
(C) the polar bear eating chiefly fish and seal
(D) eating fish and seal chiefly by the polar bear

11. Helicopters can rise or descend vertically, hover, and move forward, backward,____.
(A) they move laterally
(B) and are lateral
(C) or lateral motion
(D) or laterally

12. The Dallas Theater Center presents plays

in two buildings,_____ was designed by the internationally renowned architect, Frank Lloyd
Wright.
(A) which
(B) which one
(C) that which
(D) one of which
13. _____ stem from the everyday life of common people, the most popular themes are love,
jealousy, revenge, disaster, and adventure.
(A) Because folk ballads
(B) There are folk ballads
(C) With folk ballads
(D) Folk ballads to

14. _____ around us gives us vital information about our environment.

(A) The sounds are heard
(B) That the hearing of sounds
(C) Hearing the sounds
(D) Whatever the sounds are heard

15. Located in Boston, _____ in the United

States was founded in 1852.
(A) the first public library was free
(B) the first free public library
(C) was the first free public library
(D) where the first free public library was

1. ______ is helping to break new ground in drug research.

(A) Computers are being used more if
(B) The increasing use of the computer
(C) If an increase in the use of the
computer
(D) Computers are being used more

2. An elephant ______ vigorously when it is overheated.

(A) flapping its ears
(B) its ears flap
(C) flaps its ears
(D) ears flap it

3. Broadway musical comedy has been called ______ of the United States to modern theater.
(A) the major contribution that
(B) what is the major contribution
(C) the major contribution
(D) to the major contribution
4. ______ in 1968 as a nonprofit agency to finance the growth of noncommercial radio and
television in the United States.
(A) The Corporation for Public Broadcasting established
(B) The Corporation for Public Broadcasting was established
(C) When the Corporation for Public Broadcasting was established
(D) Even though the Corporation for Public Broadcasting was established

5. Cold temperatures; short growing seasons, and heavy snows prevent ______ at high
elevations.
(A) grow trees
(B) the growth of trees
(C) trees are growing
(D) and growth of trees

6. Usually, the more skilled an athlete ______ the more effortless the athlete's movements
appear to be.
(A) what is
(B) that is
(C) that it is
(D) is

7. Trilobites, a group of spineless animals, flourished in the oceans for several hundred million
years ______ some 200 million years ago.
(A) until they became extinct
(B) and their extinction
(C) that were extinct
(D) because their extinction

8. Recent engineering developments have made ______ to recycle plastic soda bottles into
polyester fabric.
(A) possible, and
(B) it is possible
(C) the possible
(D) it possible

9. ______, bottle-nosed dolphins become talented performers at many aquariums.

(A) When to train
(B) Are training
(C) When trained
(D) To train them
10. The art of the 1970's was characterized by diversity and by the independence of artists
______ main affinities were more often sociopolitical than stylistic.
(A) whose
(B) that
(C) they have
(D) of which

11. Flower oils are ______ of the ingredients used in making perfume.
(A) among expensive
(B) among the most expensive
(C) being most expensive
(D) expensive

12. A quilt that looks ordinary ______ may become a work of abstract art when it is hung on a
white wall.
(A) lying on a bed
(B) lies on a bed
(C) to be lying on a bed
(D) to lie on a bed

13. ______, the hummingbird gets its name from the sound that its wings make during flight.
(A) Has a brilliant color
(B) The brilliant color
(C) Which is brilliantly colored
(D) Brilliantly colored

14. Except for the Sun, all stars are too far from the Earth for their distances ______ in miles or
kilometers.
(A) to be conveniently measured
(B) which conveniently measured
(C) to measure conveniently
(D) conveniently measured

15. Many technological innovations, such as the telephone, ______ the result of sudden bursts of
inspiration in fact were preceded by many inconclusive efforts.
(A) whose appearance
(B) that appear to be
(C) and appear to be
(D) are appearing