1． In 1796 investigations into the chemical nature of diamond concluded _________

a form of pure carbon.

(A) that it
(B) is it
(C) that it is
(D) is that

2． The English colonization of Virginia was devised in 1606 by a group of merchants

_________ the Virginia Company of London.
(A) who formed
(B) formed
(C) who they formed
(D) they formed

3． The hourglass, an instrument used _________, usually consists of two bulbs

united by a narrow neck.
(A) measures time
(B) time is measured
(C) for measuring time
(D) the time for measuring

4． A master is an electronic apparatus that _________ radio and light waves.

(A) generated and was amplified
(B) generating and amplifying
(C) generates and amplifies
(D) to generate and amplify

5． The human skin forms _________ against the action of physical, chemical, and
bacterial agents on the deeper tissues.
(A) how protective a barrier is
(B) a protective barrier
(C) a barrier protects
(D) and which a barrier protects

6． Medical research at the cellular level, _________ research on the immune

system, has been made possible through twentieth-century advances in
techniques of genetic research.
(A) which
(B) whereas
(C) such as
(D) is also

7． Living organisms contain more water _________ substance.

(A) than do any other
(B) does than any other
(C) other than do they any
(D) than they do any other

8． The twentieth century has been a period of enormous growth in mathematical

research and in the number of mathematicians and fields _________ them.
 (A) they require
(B) requiring
(C) require
(D) as required

9． Columbia University’s School of Public Health is _________ a handful of schools

of public health in the United States.
(A) one that
(B) the one
(C) one of
(D) one

10． The United States Department of the interior designated the Brooklyn bridge
_________ in 1964.
(A) was a national historic landmark
(B) a national historic landmark
(C) which a national historic landmark
(D) a national historic landmark which

11． In jazz music, a riff is a simple melodic figure, _________ and repeated several
times.
(A) usually one or two measures lasted
(B) lasted one measure or two usually
(C) is lasting one or two measures usually
(D) usually lasting one or two measures

12． At its center, the sun has a density of over a hundred times _________ and a
temperature of 10 to 20 million degrees centigrade.
(A) that of water
(B) of water
(C) than that of water
(D) water

13． The United States Congress appropriates some four million dollars _________
the upkeep of the White House grounds.
(A) year for a
(B) for a year
(C) a year for
(D) a for year

14． The sea horse uses _________ to cling to the seaweed and other plants.
(A) it has a tail
(B) a tail with which it
(C) its tail
(D) as its tail

15． In the years ahead, health professionals will be able to enhance or restore
health far better _________ at present.
(A) whereas
(B) they can
 (C) than
(D) that are

1. Many scientists believe _____ as a result of a collision between the newly formed
Earth and a
large asteroid.
A. that the Moon was formed
B. in that the Moon was formed
C. that the Moon formed was
D. when the Moon was formed

2. The organ-pipe cactus is _____ in the United States.

A. rare that
B. it rare
C. so that rare
D. rare

3. Willa Cather,_____, gained recognition for her books concerning the American
frontier.
A. a novelist and Pulitzer prizewinning
B. a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist
C. a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist who
D. was a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist

4. The average wavelength of visible light is 2,000 times _____ the diameter of an
atom.
A. much as
B. as great
C. greater than
D. more than that

5._____ ants libe in nests, which may be located in the fround, under a rock, or built
above ground
and may be made of twigs, sand, or gravel.
A. Most
B. The most of
C. Most of
D. Of the most

6. The banking systems of the world have many similarities, _____ they alsp differ,
sometimes in quite material respects.
A. of which
B. in spite of
C. but
D. how

7. Learning that takes place in infancy provides the____ for the eventual
transformation of a child into an adult.
A. foundation is necessary
B. necessary foundation is
C. necessary in the foundation
D. foundation necessary

8. In the late 1930's and early 1940's, Jacob Lawrence created many paintings
_____ the lives of
famous African American activists.
A. Portrayed
B. portrayed them
C. that they portrayed
D. that portrayed

9. The Centennial Exposition, _____ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1876,

celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
A. was held
B. to be held
C. held
D. by holding

10. In the dark abyss of the deep sea _____ is produced by luminescent fish.
A. because the only light
B. the only light
C. the only light that
D. is the only light

11. The classic American novel Moby Dick____ an account of the conflict between
human beings and their fate.
A. may be regarded as
B as may be regarded
C. regarded as may be
D. regarded may as be

12. In the metals industry, hydrogen is used to prevent metals from tarnishing while
undergoing_____.
A. treated by heat
B. heat treatments
C. by heat treatments
D. heat-treated]
15. It was novelist and poet ….... in 1968 founded Jackson State University's
Institute for the Study of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People.
(A) Margaret Walker did
(B) Margaret Walker
(C) Margaret Walker who
(D) Margaret Walker and

16. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper …...
into ornaments, knives, and other artifacts.
(A) Which was hammering
(B) which hammered
(C) was hammered
(D) hammered

17.. In western North America, …...... form the Great Divide, which separates the
areas from which waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the
Pacific.
(A) the Rocky Mountains
(B) where the Rocky Mountains
(C) the Rocky Mountains in which
(D) there are the Rocky Mountains

18. Some ecologists believe ….... more than 50 percent of existing species will be
lost in the next 100 years.
(A) because
(B) that
(C) while there is
(D) that there are

19. Almost ….... substances expand in volume when heated and contract when
cooled.
(A) all
(B) they all
(C) all of
(D) all are

20. Over the centuries, ____ that try to explain the origins of the university.
(A) although many theories
(B) many theories
(C) have many theories been
(D) there have been many theories

21. The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a
similar interior, including a nickel-iron core.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than

22. George Washington Carver ____ international fame for revolutionizing agriculture
research in the southern United States during the early twentieth century.
(A) won
(B) winning
(C) who has won
(D) the winner of

23. constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______ in Paleolithic time
was done in order to extend natural caves.
(A) tunnels were built
(B) which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels
(D) tunnels whose building

24. the tulip tree is native to the eastern United States , _____ the tallest and larges
broadleaf tree.
(A) where
(B) where it is
(C) it is where
(D) is where

25. Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education ______
arithmetic, science, social science, and communication skills that including reading,
writing , spelling, and speaking.
(A) such subjects as basic in
(B) as basic subjects in such
(C) in such basic subjects as
(D) as in such basic subjects