TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY

Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

DETAILED LEARNING PLAN

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS 8 DATE: Feb. 12-16, 2024

SECTION: MRYTLE 9:40-10:40am

VERMILLION 12:40-1:40pm

CONTENT STANDARDS

The demonstrates understanding of key concepts of logic and reasoning.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in formulating
and analyzing arguments.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How these logical reasoning apply to analyze and solve mathematical problems or real-world
situations?

ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING

The students will describe a situation where they effectively communicated a mathematical concept or
solution to others, and how they ensured clarity and coherence.

TRANSFER GOAL

Students must know how to relate the lesson in real-life situation.

LESSON TITLE: Logic and Reasoning

21st CENTURY SKILLS

Critical Thinking
Collaboration

I. LEARNING TARGETS At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to…
 use inductive and deductive reasoning in an argument.
 describe situations where inductive and deductive reasoning
are applicable.
 apply inductive reasoning to reason mathematically in solving
problems involving patterns.

II. ASSASSMENTS Formative Assessment

Recitation
Group Work
Summative Assessment
III.TOPIC Lesson 2: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

RESOURCES: Math for Innovative Minds 8 by: Joanne R. Casanova

DIWA Learning System Inc.
Next Century Mathematics by:by Orines F.B, Diaz Z.B. etc
Phoenix Publishing House

MATERIALS: Chalk, Blackboard, PowerPoint, and Instructional Materials.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

IV. LEARNING PLAN

Routinary Activities

Greetings

Good morning/afternoon class! How was

your long weekend?
Good morning/afternoon, Sir welcome to Grade 8
(section), (State their answers)
Prayer
Now, to begin our day let’s ask the
guidance of our Lord. In the Name of the Father, and The Son
Can some please lead the prayer? and The Holy Spirit Amen. Precede our actions
with your inspiration We pray Oh Lord and
Follow them with your assistance that all we do
will begin from you and through you being begun
will be finished through Christ our Lord Amen.

(students arrange their chair and pick up the

Classroom management paper)
Before you take your seat, please arrange
your chair properly and pick up all the
pieces of paper.

Yes Sir.
Attendance
You may now take your seat. Now,
let’s check your attendance. Once I call (Answering Present)
your name say present. Understood?

(start calling their name)

A. EXPLORE

Review/Recall/Drill

Before we proceed to our topic, let’s

have a quick review.
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

What is our topic last meeting? Sir, it is about conditional statement.

Very Good, what is conditional

statement? Conditional statements are those statements where
a hypothesis is followed by a conclusion. Also, in
a conditional statement, we have bi-conditional,
converse, inverse, and cotrapositive conditional
statements.
Aha! I have here a set of statements. I
will call someone to analyze and answer
the incomplete statement.

Directions: Complete the statement by

choosing the letter of the correct answer.

B
A
___1. If he is a nature a. then she passed the
lover, _______. interview.
b. then they are 1. e.
___2. If Lawrence congruent.
does not often eat oily c. then he will have a 2. c.
foods, _______. healthy body.
3. d.
d. then it is quadrilateral
___3. If the sum of e. then he would 4. a.
the interior angles of a probably enjoy
5. b.
polygon is 360, mountain climbing.
_______.

___4. If Shiela got the

job, _______.

___5. If two angle are

vertical, ________.
Very Good! Remember, class, that
conditional statements are those
statements where a hypothesis is followed
by a conclusion. Also, in a conditional
statement, we have bi-conditional,
converse, inverse, and cotrapositive
conditional statements. Understand?

Yes, Sir.

Motivation

Today we will have an activity; all of you

will become detectives. I will group you
into 5. This activity will be called “Secret
Decoder Game.”

Mechanics:

1. Using this Substitution Cipher (A=1, B=2, C=3

D=4, E=5, F=6, G=7, H=8, I=9, J=10, K=11,
L=12, M=13, N=14, O=15, P=16, Q=17, R=18,
S=19, T=20, U=21, V=22, W=23, X=24, Y=25,
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

Z=26)
(Student answering)
2. You will decode the encoded message that I
will give to your group.

For example: 8, 5, 5, 15 = HELLO

3. I will give you 1 minute for every

message to decode. The group that is the
first to finish will be the winner and be
exempt from our quiz!

Did you enjoy our game? Yes, Sir

What did you observe to our activity?

Sir, I observed that we need to decode a message.

What word did you decode?

Sir, Inductive, Deductive, Syllogism, logic and
algebra.
Excellent! Those words we will encounter
it to our lesson. So now, let us proceed to
our topic today. Are you ready? Yes, Sir

B. FIRM UP

Discussion and Formative/Summative

Our topic for today is Inductive and

Deductive Reasoning, just like what we
did earlier we try to decode the encoded
message that has been given to your Sir, for me it is about decoding message.
group.

Who among you have an idea about

inductive and deductive reasoning?

Great!

Inductive Reasoning

When we say Inductive reasoning, it is

the process of generating a conclusion
based on an observable pattern in a given
set of data. In short it is “Specific to
General” conclusion. It uses patterns,
trends, or observations. Also, it is judge
by the experience.

For example:

1. Determine the next number: 3, 6, 9, 12, __, __.

 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

Sir, 15 and 18
The answer is? Anyone?

Great, how come? because all numbers

are multiple of 3. Here, we used patterns
because 3,6,9,12, is divisible by 3 and we
multiply to the consecutive number 1, 2,
3,4 etc. to come up with the answer.

2. My English teacher is strict.

My previous English teacher is strict.
My cousin’s English teacher is strict.
What can you say about all English
teachers?

We can say that all English Teachers are

strict because it based on the previous
experiences. And that is inductive
reasoning.

3. Study the pattern and determine the next figure.

___________

How come that hexagon is the answer?

because we based on the number sides,
Triangle=3, Square= 4 Answer:
Pentagon= 5, Hexagon= 6

The last example is if your boyfriend is

cheating on you. You have come to the
conclusion that all boys are cheaters.
Even if it is not, and that is an example of
inductive reasoning.

Deductive Reasoning

On the other hand, deductive reasoning

is the process of showing that certain
statements follow logically from agreed
upon assumptions or proven facts. In
short it is “General to Specific”
conclusion. Uses facts or general
principle. Also, it is by the logical
progression. The root word “deduce’’
means to infer from a general principle.
For example:

1. Quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides. Square

 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

have 4 sides. Therefore, we conclude that Square

is a Quadrilateral.

How come? Which is our general

statement? Our general statement here is
about Quadrilateral because we all know
that quadrilateral is a polygon with 4
sides, and square is a quadrilateral so if I
give another figure like trapezoid and
rhombus. It is quadrilateral because it has
4 sides.

2. All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5.

The numbers “100” and “35” ends in “0” and “5”.
Therefore, we conclude that _______________.

What will be the answer?

Great! Therefore, we conclude that the numbers “100”

and “35” are divisible by 5. Because 100 ends
with 0 and 35 ends with 5. And that is deductive
3. All Filipino heroes are brave. reasoning “general to specific”.
Jose Rizal is a brave Filipino hero.
Therefore, we conclude that_______.

What will be the answer?

Very Good!
Answer: Therefore, we conclude that Jose
Rizal is a brave Filipino hero.
Syllogism- is a form of deductive
argument and could be applied in
deductive reasoning. It is an argument
composed of three statements: a major
premise, a minor premise, and a
conclusion.
Major Premise: A general statement or
principle.
Minor Premise: Another specific
statement.
Conclusion: A logical deduction based
on the two premises.

Example:

All humans are mortal. Socrates is a

human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

Meaning the major premise establishes a

general truth: "All humans are mortal."
However, the minor premise provides a
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

specific statement related to the major

premise: "Socrates is a human."As a
result the conclusion is drawn logically
from the premises: "Therefore, Socrates is
mortal.

Example:

All mammals produce milk for their

babies. Women are mammals.

It can be deduced since all mammals

produce milk for their babies and women
are mammal; therefore, women produce
milk for their babies.

Major Premise: All mammals produce

milk for their babies.

Minor Premise: Women are mammals.

Conclusion: therefore, women produce

milk for their babies.

Also, deductive reasoning is also used

in algebra.
Solve for the x in the equation 2x+3=7.
Give reason for each step in the process.

Subtract 3 from both sides of the equation

to isolate the variable x.

2x+3−3= 7-3

Simplify: Simplify both sides of the

equation.

2x = 4

Divide by Coefficient: Divide both sides

by the coefficient (2) of the variable to
solve for x.

2x 4
=
2 2

Final Solution: Simplify further to find

the value of x.

X=2

Example: Solve for the x in the equation:

10 (x+1)-5= x+4. Give reason for each
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

step in the process.

Solution:
10 (x+1)-5 = x+4
10x+10-5 = x+14
10x+5 = x+14
10x-x = 14-5
9x = 9
x= 1

Apply distributive property.

Combine like terms

Apply the subtraction property of equality.

Use the division property of equality.

C. DEEPEN

A. Determine the type of reasoning show on each

statement below.

1. 3, 6, 9, 12, ___. The next number is __.

2. All number ends on digits 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 are
even. The number “208” ends in “8”. Therefore
______________
3. All birds lay eggs. Eagle and hawks are birds.
Therefore __________. 1. Inductive
4. Every time Kevin visits here dentist, she
receives excellent strategies services. With this 2. Deductive
she believes that ___________. 3. Deductive
5. Smoking can cause cancer. Tomas is smoking.
4. Inductive
B. Complete the syllogism by adding a
5. Deductive
conclusion.
1. Vertical angles are congruent.
Angle C and D are vertical angles.
Conclusion: ____________________
2. All animals are living things.
A dog is an animal
Conclusion: _______________________
3. Acute angles are angles measure less
1. Angle C and D are congruent.
than 90°.
ABC is an acute angle. 2. A dog is living things.
4. Filipinos are hospitable.
Patricia is a Filipino. 3. ABC are angles measure less than than 90°.
Conclusion: _____________________ 4. Patricia is hospitable.
5. Every whole number is an integer.
5 is a whole number. 5. 5 is an integer.
Conclusion: _____________________
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

D. TRANSFER
Solve the following world problems.
1. Enzo, a bright student, claimed that the value
of x is 5 in the equation 10x-24=26. Do you
agree with Enzo? Verify his claim using
deductive reasoning. Give a reason for each step
in the process.
2. Solve for z in the equation 4 (z+6) = 3z-8.
give reason for each step in the process.

Prepared by:
JOSHUA B. ILAO
Practice Teacher

Checked by:
GERLIE R. SUMAGUE
Cooperating Teacher