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33 views10 pages14 5-14 6
Uploaded by
Mohamad YassineCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 10
€44.5 DirectYonal Derivatives, Gradient Neclers.
g14-6 and Tanger anes
Contents: 1. Direchonal Derivatives 19 the xy~plane ;
2. Graphical Interpretation;
3. Properties of Direckonal Derivatives ;
4. Gradients and Tangents to Level Curve;
Ss. A\gebra of Gradients;
G. Funchions of Whree Variables;
=. Tangent Planes and Norma) Lines
\. Directional Deeivahves iA She xy-plane
2 Parametric Equations of Straight Lifes
let R be a region inthe xy-plane, G9.) an
\nkervor pont of R, and Ue ut ag be aw unit
Necter;i-e. IT) = (uz4uryirsr, Let Loe the axis
Through Oy.) Inthe direction of GB, and let PUN)
be a point of L. Let Py O%e,¥e)-
a =
“The Vector PP Is parallel Se thus RP is a real
maliple of U. Define the parameter s suchthat
BPasd, ve.
Ox xay t+ Wo =su
wa or) Maree een =sy
or
K=xr SY and Yay +Sa
Wese are called the parametric equations of tne
divected Wne L. o_o eDefinition Directional Denvahve 2
The directional derivative of £ at R Ow yi
the direction of the unit Vector Be gee a
\s the Value
DFcR) = t fOgrsqsured| oo,
= lin PC xetSusaVersua) — Fado
sao s
Provided the limi} exists.
Note that if Gel, then uc and DMP =
£4; also if at, shen qze and Qe =
$5.90).
Ex. Find Dafipa if o
foe) = y?.
Sel- By the deat Jon,
= die BZ, RUS ond
DAL(PD = hen Loko Slr Wer SU) —SOHMD
2 sro s
al $A+Si2)-'+SB)2) - FOrD
sao s
aha A+sizy- + SB
S20 s ey
Stun | Sais
so s
alm s+4NB = A-V5.
seo Graphrea) Tmeepretation ad tre Disectene). Tenvabive
Surface S:
ee FG.) FX + 5U)+Yo ee — fq Yo)
(Xp + 545 Yo ~ $y)
Py%» Yo) u= uit uj
CChaper 1. Finny Weir Gitano, Thomas” Ceet, Tenth ton. © 200) ‘Addison Wesley Longman All rights reserve.
Chapter 11, Slide 11 3. Properties of Ditechonal Derivahves 3
oe Defrrition Gradient 2 ly
TRe gradient Vector oc gradient 02 La)
O paw POG 4.) 1S the Vector
pha tte UT
wee zy
evaluated at PL, namely THCPD or TEAM.
BY the definitron of the chrechonal dervohve,
We have, :
DFP) = $F ers4satsp\ ey
alk BE ND A+ x ao Se
os
J = VEE WIA
Thus we have,
sTheotem Diteckonal Deniverveos Dot Product
DOI] Ve. Ted.
Ex. Find DF CP) if Pu), T= A2T+sy and
$049) = tan(3) 4 V5 si8* (xy l2)
Sel We hove ,
— Se 2) = 4
ne ean Nae ay ER +¥ =
ax 8, aye 4k
ip pee A i
3 Ag * aoe
GAG) = AB +3) MODS = 12 Py
Hence 43 ky
a
> ea Eki ,
VECRIa4S 14S § a
an a =
Do fQ) = ver). =(ZP+Z5). (681483) « Properties of the Drvechionol DervahVe 4
TPP) = PROF) = \ 7h |e) cose
e= (ver), oT)
4. £ \Wereases most idly when cose24
or @=o, Te. IN the divection of the graciem
at P. \n Anis Gase, the Avrechone\ detworve
is \ ORCA.
2. § decreases most rapidly When 6 = -4
or Ge Ts Fe. In Me difeckon x ne
radient at P. \n Anis Case, Whe Artechono’
ReWabve 38 1 70D)
where
3. B has Zea change When Gat @ <0 or 6=N)2
Tre. 1A Phe direchen Normal tot gradien dah’
Pp.
Ex. Find direchions of maximum, MiNrMUM and Zero
desscioasease Change for the fr.
foegyy= xeYyr - sway oF P6439)
Sel: We Pad VECRI- We hove
a = ayy yetsrdy 5 $039) = °,
fy= %% e [xnay + cory] KA O= Avhe2.
Venee, THRE or4+25 = 23. Wence she max. change
for £ at p, \s Tn Ane ayrechon of She y-axis
and it is “\wF cP =2, dre MIN . Change is 4
the arte chen oppesrt]e Xa the y-axis and vs
=\ 7UPe)\=-2, and Whe Zee Change vs wake
Arechsn of ane “—oons. Ss. a af Gradvents Ss
+ Sum Rule: 7Cf+ y= ITF 409 4
i Di Mference Rule. VO4-¥) = VF -Je,
3. ProduckRule: Vhe\ = $ 7g + a 74;
4. Mslkiple = Teed) ee gs;
6. QuskKenat Rol
2 “ o(aye Boho aa8
gz
6. Funchons of Three Variables
Ler £ Gyy,%) be a differenvable $n. Wo
Tegion R Inthe KYZ- space Us au Faw Bruk
be a unit Ve choc Clea) 5 Po (es4 oe my be on
imlecvor pont of IR. Res
\. The parametic ens. of She axis Wough®
Wn the doteckon of U are
we Kr SU) y yey su ; zohrsy
—
where PEP |= sU with P&»,2).
2. The dive ctienal derivarve Daf (MD) of £
at P inthe anvechon 02 @ is z
DP) = x 4 (xesuy IBD (
= AO Ur ROY +4 DY
TECPD - G
where
VER = Ret * Rays §,oot
Jedhe gradient of + ars.
Agma the orevinus peegeckes Weld Foc & neve! Ex. Find the Aweckions of Max. mr.) and sem 6
Change ar Pp t4,4,6) foc Mhe Rn.
W092) = In CHE) 44+ 6=-
Sel. Need te Gna THEPD. Ne hove ;
Wrage ee | te SA eit
aay So een oT
ond HCP] 2, KCI =aD, WM ©. Thos
TEUPJ= VIF SA +H, ond Nhe Avieckvas of
Max, TMrb., and Peco Change of 2 ar Pp, are
TEP 4 — TEL , and Ahe directions Dorma)
ye TECH) TESPe ohve hy.
T. Tangent Lites plengent Planes, Normal bres
Theorem. 1. At every porst (Xe, 32) 16 the domoint of
Se s7, the gradient AE OQj4.) ef ££ is neemal
+o tre level) Curve through Ga so. “i
2b ay 2 a
VE ode FOr olt Byers
(Xoo)
FOM=C) FOR DEC
21 Ry every port CX 3 Qee) Ate domain of
Fe1,2), Re grodvent V4 303%.) of £ is
Necmal te He level surface through (,4,, 2).
PF Coy, % 0)
oa TH ep4 oybeo)
fosmee, foo,yomyee Prowg of 4. ee tre level Curve Losec ©
Ry = eH, yeult), act Sb, wrth Kym x ED
and sk ae TRen Ane \eve\ apie: Ke