Jose Rizal Memorial State University

The Premier University of Zamboanga del Norte

 UNIT 5: CHAPTER ONE OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A research proposal is written in the future tense before conducting

research. A research report/dissertation, on the other hand, is written after the
study has been completed and is written in the past tense. A research proposal
shows an ability to capture readers' attention and persuade them of the
significance of the idea.

Learning Outcome

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

 Create a short research study comprising the Chapter 1 including the Introduction,
Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem / Research questions, General
Objective & Specific Objectives or Purpose of the Study, Hypothesis of the Study,
Conceptual framework, Significance of the Study, and Scope of the Study.


Pretest

Essay
Directions: Write F if the statement is correct and T if the statement is wrong.

___________1. In Introduction, you don’t need to state the specific objectives of the study.
___________1. A conceptual framework is created before you begin gathering data.
___________3. The theoretical framework is a diagrammatic model or representation of
the relationship or interaction between variables.
___________4. There is a need to study a research that is already conducted.
___________5. Null hypothesis means there is a significant difference in your study.

Content

REARCH PROPOSAL

PURPOSE OF THE PROPOSAL

A research proposal's main purpose is to evaluate that the person planning to

conduct research (the student/researcher) has a straightforward and formal
conceptualization of the research problem and the research process, as well as that s/he
has done sufficient reading and is knowledgeable about recent work done in the field of
interest.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Background of the Study
1.3. Statement of the Problem / Research questions
1.4. General Objective & Specific Objectives or Purpose of the Study
1.5. Hypothesis of the Study
1.6. Conceptual framework
1.7. Significance of the Study
1.8. Scope of the Study

1.1. Introduction

It establishes the framework of the research by summarizing current understanding

and background details on the subject, stating the objective of the experiment in the form
of the hypothesis, question, or research problem, briefly explaining the rationale,
methodology, highlighting the possible outcomes the analysis can show, and defining the
remaining structure of the paper.

In writing the Introduction, the content should answer the following questions:

a) What was I studying?

- Provide background information and set the context.

b) Why was this topic important to investigate?

- Introduce the specific topic of your research and explain why it is important.

c) What did we know about this topic before I did this study?
- Mention past attempts to solve the research problem or to answer the
research question.

d) How will this study advance our knowledge?

- Conclude the Introduction by mentioning the specific objectives of your
research.

1.2. Background of the Study

Overview of your topic. The background section of the study will deal with the
justification, facts, and conditions of the current situation in order to make the reader feel
the urgency of the problem and the need to study it in order to solve it or contribute to its
solution. What do you want readers to know about concerning your topic?

The content includes:

a) General information about your topic
b) Context of your topic
c) Rationale/Justification of your topic why you need to study it.
 1.3. Statement of the Problem / Research problem

The question asked in the study is called the research problem. Research
problems are stated in question form. The statement of the problem should be concise
and must not exceed more than 1 page. Major previous researches on the topic should
be cited allowing the researcher to identify information gaps and justify the need for the
proposed study.

As defined by Prado, et al., (2011), a good statement of the problem must:

1. Define a specific problem area.
2. Reviewed the relevant scientific literature.
3. Examined the problem’s potential significance.
4. Examined the feasibility of studying the research problem.
5. Restrict the scope of a study to specific question/s.

According to Best and Kahn (1998), before formulating the problem, one must
consider the following are guide questions:

1. Can the problem be effectively resolved through the process of research?

2. Is the problem significant? Will it be a contribution to organized knowledge?
Will it open avenues for further study?
3. Is the problem new or was it already answered before? If already answered,
are there some aspects which need to be further clarified? Or is there still need
for more extensive documentation?
4. Is the research problem feasible, that is:
a. Is it suitable to the researcher’s ability? Does it deal with an area of interest
for the researcher?
b. Are pertinent data accessible?
c. Can the researcher afford to conduct the study? If not, are there available
funding agencies?
d. Does he possess the courage and determination to pursue the study until
its completion?

1.4. General Objective & Specific Objectives or Purpose of the Study

The general objective of your study explains what you want to do in general terms.
It is the ultimate goal summarized into one or two sentences. It should be stated clearly
and directly.

Specific objectives split down the general goal into smaller, logically related
components that discuss the different aspects of the issue in a systemic manner. The
specific objectives are derived directly from the overall goal of the research. The objectives
should not be less than two and should not be more than six.

1.5. Hypothesis of the Study

 The hypothesis would provide an answer to the research problem. Hypotheses
(plural form of hypothesis) are intelligent assumptions or predictions that help the
researcher find a solution to the research problem. Hypotheses are “speculation”, or “gut
feeling”, or “intuition”, or “an educated guess”. The findings were derived from hypothesis
and tested by the researcher through real observations or experience. The hypotheses
are developed before the research so they offer guidelines for data collection, analysis,
and interpretation. As stated in Unit 1, hypotheses could be Null Hypothesis (no difference
exists) or Alternative Hypothesis (opposite of Null).

Example of Relationship of research problems, research hypothesis, and null hypothesis

Research problem Research hypothesis / Null hypothesis

Alternative hypothesis
What is the effect of a Teacher’s attitude toward There is no difference in
seminar-workshop on the seminar will improve as a teachers’ attitudes toward
attitudes of teachers toward result of attending a seminar before and after
seminar? seminar-workshop. the workshop.

1.6. Conceptual framework

Conceptual – from the word “concept”, meaning ‘an idea’ or ‘a plan’

Framework – a basic “structure”, or “model”, or “diagram”

Conceptual framework is also called paradigms. The conceptual framework is a

diagrammatic model or representation of the relationship or interaction between variables
and how they are operationalized for research purposes. It should illustrate the
independent and dependent variables (the cause/effect relationship) or vice versa. A
conceptual framework depicts what you hope to discover as a result of your study. It
describes the variables that are applicable to your analysis and shows how they can be
related to one another. Before you begin gathering data, you can create a conceptual
framework.

Number of leaves
(Dependent variable)
Organic Soil
amendments (compost, Yield
manure, sawdust) (Dependent variable)
(Independent variable) Rice different
varieties Leaf Area Index
(Dependent variable) (Dependent variable)

Organic Concoctions Disease incidence

(Fermented plant juice) (Dependent variable)
(Independent variable)
Return of Investment
(Dependent variable)
 Figure 1. Example of conceptual framework. This shows the correlation between the
independent variable and dependent variable.

1.7. Significance of the Study

The significance of the study will mainly focus on the question “Who will benefit
from the study?” “In what way does it benefit them?”

This section will state the contribution of your study and the usefulness of your
study in the society.

1.8. Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope and limitation describe the extent of the study.

- Actual place where the study will only be conducted

- Duration of the study
- Inclusions of the study (only specific aspect of the study or topic)
- Limit of the number of respondents
- Area limit (if applicable)

Thank you for reading the content!

Now that you had learned about the first chapter in making research
proposal. If you have questions regarding the activity, you may
email or message me in messenger or in my email address:
earlynkategrimares@jrmsu.edu.ph

Learning Activities

Activity 1. Create a short research study comprising the Chapter 1 that should include
the following. Originally a research study is longer however for your activity I will only
require a short one.

1.1. Introduction (at least 1 paragraph)

1.2. Background of the Study (at least 1 paragraph)
1.3. Statement of the Problem / Research questions (minimum of 1)
1.4. General Objective & Specific Objectives or Purpose of the Study (minimum of 1)
1.5. Hypothesis of the Study (minimum of 1)
1.6. Conceptual framework (create an illustration of your concept)
1.7. Significance of the Study (at least 1 paragraph)
1.8. Scope of the Study (at least 1 paragraph)
Title of your study research:

Name:

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

1.2. Background of the Study

1.3. Statement of the Problem

1.4. General Objective & Specific Objectives

1.5. Hypothesis of the Study

1.6. Conceptual framework

1.7. Significance of the Study

1.8. Scope of the Study

 Thank you for completing the task!

IF you have not completed the task, or you have difficulty in

accomplishing the activity, please send me a message to our google
class or you may ask clarifications through a text message or phone
calls on the contact number included in your course guide.

Assessment
I. Essay

1. What is the importance of Introduction?

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2. What is the relationship of Hypothesis and the research problem?

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3. In developing a study research, why do you need to state your problem and your
objective first?
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Congratulations! You did a great job!

If you have not completed the task, or you have difficulty in

accomplishing the activity, please send me a message to our
google class, or you may ask clarifications through a text
message or phone calls on the contact number included in your
course guide. You may write your insights or thoughts about the
activity on the box provided.

Write your thoughts

 REFERENCES

Advancement Project – Healthy City. (2011). A short guide to community based

participatory action research. Retrieved from https://hc-v6-
static.s3.amazonaws.com/media/resources/tmp/cbpar.pdf

O. Nyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group
discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation.
Methods in Ecology and evolution, 9(1), 20-32.

Davis, J. (2007) Experimental Research Methods. Metropolitan State College of Denver.

Trochim, W. (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base. Retrieved on 03-16-21 from

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/deserper.htm

Prado, N., Penaso, A.,Cimene, F.T., Aves, L., & Simbulan, S. (2011). Research Methods.
Central Mindanao University, Philippines. CMU Press.

Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (1998). Research in education (8 th ed.). Boston, MA: Ally &
Bacon.
Answer key

Unit 5

Pre-test

1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. T

Assessment

1. It establishes the framework of the research by summarizing current understanding

and background details on the subject, stating the objective of the experiment in
the form of the hypothesis, question, or research problem, briefly explaining the
rationale, methodology, highlighting the possible outcomes the analysis can show,
and defining the remaining structure of the paper.
2. The hypothesis would provide an answer to the research problem.
3. You need to state your problem and the objectives because the main goal of
research is what problem that needs to be solve and how would you solve it, the
study will be identified through its impact to the society.