Muscle Name Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Muscles of Upper Extremity

Pectoralis Major Medial half of clavicle, Crest of greater tubercle (Lateral Horizontally adduct, medially Medical and lateral
front of sternum, costal lip of bicipital groove) rotate at shoulder pectoral

cartilage
Pectoralis Minor Ribs 2-5 Coracoid process Protract, depress, medially rotate Medial pectoral
scapula and elevate ribs

Serratus Anterior Ribs 1-8 Ventral surfaces of the superior Protract and laterally rotate the Long Thoracic
and inferior angles and vertebral scapula

(medial) border of scapula

Trapezius Occipital bone, spines of Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, Laterally rotate scapula; upper Cranial nerve 11,
C7 and T1-12, and and spine of scapula portions can elevate scapula, spinal accessory
ligamentum nuchae lower portion can depress scapula nerve

Rhomboids Spines of C7 and T1-5 Vertebral (medial) border of Retract and medially rotate the Dorsal Scapular
scapula scapula

Levator Scapulae Transverse Processes of Upper part of medial border of Elevate scapula, medial rotation 3rd and 4th cervical
scapula of scapula spinal nerves
C1-4
Latissimus Dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia, Intertubercular groove of humerus Extend and adduct at shoulder, Middle subscapular
iliac crest, inferior angle medially rotate at shoulder, and (Thoracodorsal)
of scapula and lower ribs
horizontally abduct away from
midline

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 Deltoid Lateral 1/3 clavicle, Deltoid tuberocity of humerus Abduct at shoulder; anterior fibers Axillary
acromion, and spine of flex the shoulder, posterior fibers
extend the shoulder
scapula
Teres Major Inferior angle of scapula Crest of lesser tubercle of Medially rotates shoulder, and Lower subscapular
humerus adducts at shoulder

Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of Humerus Flex shoulder joint Musculocutaneous

scapula

Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of Lesser tubercle of humerus Medially rotate shoulder, adduct Upper subscapular
scapula at shoulder

Supraspinatus Supraspinatus fossa of Greater tubercle of humerus Abduct at shoulder Suprascapular

scapula

Infraspinatus Infraspinatus fossa of Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation at shoulder Suprascapular
scapula

Teres Minor Lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation at shoulder Axillary
Long Head of Biceps Supraglenoid tubercle of Tuberosity of radius and to ulna Flex elbow, supinate forearm, and Musculocutaneous
scapula by the bicipital aponeurosis flex shoulder

Short head of biceps Coracoid process of Tuberosity of radius and to ulna Flex elbow, supinate forearm, and Musculocutaneous
scapula by the bicipital aponeurosis flex shoulder

Brachialis Humerus Coronoid process of ulna and Flex elbow Musculocutaneous

ulnar tuberocity

Lateral Head of Humerus Olecranon of ulna Extend elbow Radial

Triceps
Long Head of Triceps Infraglenoid tubercle of Olecranon of ulna Extend elbow Radial
scapula

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 Medial Head of Humerus Olecranon of ulna Extend elbow Radial
Triceps
Brachioradialis Lateral supracondylar line Distal radius Flexes at elbow Radial
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle Olecranon of ulna Extend elbow Radial
Muscles of the Hand
Extensor Carpi Lateral epicondyle Base of 2nd metacarpal (long), Extend wrist, abduct, radially Radial
Radialis Longus and nd rd deviate wrist
base of 2 and 3 metacarpals
Brevis (brevis)
Extensor Digitorum Later epicondyle Middle and distal phalanges of Extends joints from wrist to DIP Radial
fingers (digits 2-5) joints of digits 2-5

Extensor Digiti Minimi Later epicondyle Joins tendons of extensor Extends wrist and all joints in Radial
digitorum digits

Extensor Carpi Lateral epicondyle and Base of 5th metatarsal Extends wrist and adducts (ulnar Radial
ulna deviation)
Ulnaris
Abductor Pollicis Radius and ulna Base of 1st metacarpal Abduct and extend at CMC joint Radial
Longus
Extensor Pollicis Radius Proximal phalanx of thumb Extend CMC and MCP joints of Radial
the thumb
Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Ulna Distal phalanx of thumb Extends CMC, MCP and IP joints Radial
of thumb
Longus
Extensor Indicis Ulna Joins tendons of extensor Extends all joints of index finger Radial
digitorum

Supinator Lateral epicondyle and Wraps around lateral surface of Supinates at forearm Radial
ulna radius

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 Pronator Teres Medial supracondylar Lateral surface of radius Pronate forearm Median
ridge of medial
epicondyle of humerus
and coronoid of ulna

Flexor Carpi Radialis Medial epicondyle 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Flex/Radial deviation of wrist Median
Palmaris Longus Medial epicondyle Palmar fascia Flex wrist, tenses palmar fascia Median
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Medial epicondyle Pisiform Flex wrist and adduct wrist Ulnar
Flexor Digitorum Medial epicondyle of Middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Flexes all joints from wrist to PIP Median
humerus and radius of digits 2-5
Superficialis
Flexor Pollicis Longus Radius and interosseous Distal phalanx of thumb Flex wrist and all 3 joints of thumb Median
membrane

Flexor Digitorum Ulna and interosseous Distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Flex wrist, flex all joints to DIP in Media to radial side
membrane digits 2-5 of muscle; ulnar to
Profundus
ulnar side of muscle

Pronator Quadratus Distal ulna Distal radius Pronates forearm Median

Abductor Pollicis Navicular and trapezium Base of proximal phalanx Abduct at CMC and MCP joints of Median
thumb
Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Trapezium (superficial), Radial side of proximal phalanx Flex CMC and MCP of thumb Median; deep head
trapezoid; capitate (deep) by ulnar nerve
(superficial and deep)
Opponens Pollicis Trapezium 1st metacarpal Flex and medially rotate at CMC Median
joint

Adductor Pollicis Capitate, 2nd and 3rd Proximal phalanx (oblique and Adduct and flex at CMC and MCP Ulnar
metacarpals (oblique), 3rd transverse) joints
metacarpal (transverse)

Abductor Digiti Minimi Abduct MCP for digit 5

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 Flexor Digiti Minimi Flex MCP for digit 5
Brevis
Opponens Digiti Flex CMC for digit 5
Minimi
Lumbricals of the Tendons of flexor Radial side of extensor expansion Flex MCP of digits 2-5, extend IP Lateral two, median;
hand digitorum profundus of extensor digitorum joints of digits 2-5 medial two, ulnar

Dorsal interossei of Abduct at MCP joint for digit 2-4 Ulnar

hand (4)

Palmar interossei (3) Adduct MCP joints of digits 2,4, Ulnar

and 5

Thorax
External Intercostals Lower border of a rib Upper border of rib below Elevate ribs during inspiration Intercostal nerves
Internal Intercostals Inner surface of a rib Upper border of rib below Draw ribs downward during forced Intercostal nerves
expiration

Transversus Thoracis Inner surface of body; Costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 Draw ribs downward Intercostal nerves
xiphoid process

Quadratus Lumborum Iliac crest 12th rib, transverse process of Lateral flexion of lumbar vertebrae Branches of ventral
lumbar vertebrae rami of L1-4

Psoas Major Upper 4 lumbar Lesser trochanter of femur Flexes hip joint Branches of ventral
transverse processes; rami L2-4

last thoracic; upper 4

lumbar discs; adjacent
vertebrae

Psoas Minor Bodies of T12 and L1 Iliopsoas fascia and pectinal line Flexor of lumbar spine Ventral ramus of L1
of ilium

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 Iliacus Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter of femur Flexor of hip joint Femoral nerve
Rectus Abdominis Pubic crest Costal cartilages 5-7 Flex vertebral column and Lower 5-6 intercostal
increase interabdominal pressure and subcostal (12th
thoracic nerve)

External Oblique Lower 8 ribs Iliac crest, linea alba Compress abdomen; both sides Lower 5 intercostal,
flex vertebral column, one side iliohypogastic and
ilioinguinal
(unilateral contraction) will rotate
vertebral column to opposite side

Internal Oblique Lumbar fascia, iliac crest Cartilage of lower 4 ribs, linea Compress abdomen; both sides Lower 5 intercostal,
and lateral half of inguinal alba flex vertebral column, one side iliohypogastic and
ilioinguinal
ligament (unilateral cont.) will rotate
vertebral column to same side

Transversus Iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of Linea alba Compress abdomen Lower 5 intercostal,
Abdominis inguinal ligament, iliohypogastic and
cartilage of lower 6 ribs ilioinguinal
(Deepest)
True Back Muscles
Superficial/Deep Origin Insertion Action
Splenius Capitis Superficial Contract one side,
rotate head to same
side; contract both
sides to extend
head/neck

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 Splenius Cervicis Superficial Contract one side,
rotate head to same
side; contract both
sides to extend
head/neck

Spinalis (thoracis, Superficial Spinous process Spinous process Extension, lateral

cervicis, capitis) flexion of vertebral
column

Longissimus Superficial Transverse process Transverse process Extension, lateral

(thoracis, cervicis, flexion of vertebral
capitis) column

Iliocostalis Superficial Rib Rib Extension, lateral

(lumborum, thoracis, flexion of vertebral
cervicis) column

Semispinalis Deep Transverse process Transverse process and occipital Extend vertebral
bone column and head

Multifidus Deep Transverse process Spinous process Rotate vertebral

column to opposite
side
Rotatores Deep Tranverse process Spinous process Rotate vertebral
column to opposite
side
Intertransversarii Deep Extend vertebral
column

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 Interspinalis Deep Extend veterbral
column

Muscles of thigh
Rectus Femoris Anterior inferior iliac spine Patella and tibial tuberosity Extends knee and flexes hip Femoral
through patellar ligament
-Anterior
Vastus Lateralis Lateral lip of linea aspera Patella Extends knee Femoral
-Anterior
Vastus Medialis Medial lip of linea aspera Patella Extends knee Femoral
-Anterior
Vastus Intermedius Shaft of femur Tendon of rectus femoris and Extends knee Femoral
vastus muscles
-Anterior
Sartorius Anterior superior iliac Medial surface of tibia Flexes hip and knee joint Femoral
spine
-Anterior
Pectineus Pectinal line of pubis Pectinal line and linea aspera Flex, adduct and medially rotate Femoral
hip
-Medial
Adductor Longus Body of pubis Medial lip of linea aspera Flex, adduct and medially rotate Obturator
hip
-Medial
Adductor Brevis Body and inferior ramus of Pectineal line and linea aspera Flex, adduct and medially rotate Obturator
pubis hip
-Medial
Adductor Magnus Ischiopubic ramus and Linea aspera and adductor Upper: Adduct, flex, medially Upper: Obturator
ischial tuberosity tubercle on medial epicondyle of rotate Lower: Tibial sciatic
- Medial
femur Lower: Adduct, extend, laterally
rotate

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 Gracilis Body of pubis Medial surface of tibia Adduct hip, flexes knee Obturator
-Medial
Gluteus Maximus Ilium and sacrum Iliotibial tract and gluteal Extend and laterally rotate hip Inferior gluteal
tuberosity of femur
-Gluteal
Gluteus Medius Ilium Greater trochanter Abduct hip Superior gluteal
And Gluteus Minimus Anterior: Flex and medially rotate
-Gluteal Posterior: Extend and laterally
rotate

Tensor Fasciae Latae Iliac crest and anterior Iliotibial tract Flex, abduct, medially rotate hip Superior gluteal
superior iliac spine
-Gluteal
Piriformis Pelvis Greater trochanter and posterior Lateral rotators of hip Nerve to “muscle
Superior Gemellus part of femur name”

Obturator Internus
Inferior Gemellus
Quadratus Femoris
Obturator Externus

Biceps Femoris Long head: ischial Fibular head Flex knee, extend hip Long head: Tibial
- Posterior tuberosity sciatic
Short head: Linea aspera Short head: Peroneal
sciatic

Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Flex knee, extend hip Tibial sciatic
-Posterior
Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Medial surface of tibia Flex knee, extend hip Tibial sciatic
-Posterior

Muscles of the Leg

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 Tibialis Anterior Lateral condyle and Medial cuniform and 1st Dorsi flex and invert Deep peroneal
surface of tibia metatarsal
-Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Lateral condyle of tibia Middle and distal phalanges of Dorsi flex and evert, extend joints Deep peroneal
Longus and surface of fibula toes 2-5 of toes 2-5

-Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Anterior surface of fibula Distal phalanx of great toe Dorsi flex, invert, extend joints of Deep peroneal
Longus big toe

-Anterior
Peroneus Tertius Anterior surface of fibula Base of 5th metatarsal Dorsi flex and evert Deep peroneal
-Anterior
(Lower fibers of ext.
dig. longus)

Peroneus Longus Head and lateral surface 1st metatarsal and medial Plantar flex and evert Superficial peroneal
of fibula cuneiform
- Lateral
Peroneus Brevis Lateral surface of fibula Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal Plantar flex and evert Superficial peroneal
-Lateral
Gastrocnemius Medial and lateral Unites with tendon of soleus and Plantar flex (powerful) and invert Tibial
-Posterior, superficial condyles and posterior forms the tendocalcaneus Can help flex knee
surface of femur
-Part of Triceps Surae (Achilles tendon) to posterior
surface of calcaneus

Soleus Head and posterior Posterior surface of calcaneus Plantar flex and invert Tibial
surface of fibula and
-Posterior, superficial
soleal line of tibia

Plantaris -Posterior, Posterior surface of femur Joins Achilles tendon to posterior Planter flex (not much) Tibial
superficial calcaneus

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 Popliteus - Lateral condyle of femur Tibia Flex knee, medially rotate tibia; Tibial
Posterior, deep laterally rotate femur

Flexor Digitorum Posterior surface of tibia Distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Flexes all joints of toes 2-5, Tibial
Longus plantar flex and invert

-Posterior, deep
Flexor Hallucis Posterior surface of fibula Distal phalanx of great toe Flex joints of big toe, plantar flex Tibial
Longus and invert
-Posterior, deep
Tibialis Posterior Fibula, tibia and Tuberosity of navicular and all Plantar flex and invert Tibial
-Posterior, deep interosseous membrane tarsals except talus

Muscles of Foot
Extensor Digitorum Only layer on dorsal side; I: Tendons of extensor digitorum Extends MTP joints, Deep peroneal
Brevis tendons O: Ant. End of upper longus to toes 2,3,4 and to going into 2, 3, 4 can help
surface of calcaneus proximal phalanx of great toe extensor digitorum longus
or extend all joints of toes 2,3, and 4
Extensor Hallucis
Brevis & Extensor
Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Hallucis 1st Layer Abduct MTP of big toe Medial plantar
Flexor Digitorum 1st Layer Flex MTP and PIP of 2-5 Medial plantar
Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi 1st Layer Abducts MTP of little toe Lateral plantar
Quadratus Plantae 2nd Layer Assists Flexor Dig. Longus Lateral plantar
nd
Lumbricals (4) 2 Layer Flex MTP and extends IP of toes 2-5 Toe 2: Medial plantar
Toe 3-5: Lateral
plantar

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Tendons of Flex. Dig. 2nd Layer - -
Longus and Flex.
Hallucis Longus
Flexor Hallucis Brevis 3rd Layer Flexes MTP of big toe Medial plantar
Adductor Hallucis 3rd Layer Adduct MTP of big toe Lateral plantar
rd
Flexor Digiti Minimi 3 Layer Flex MTP of little toe Lateral plantar
Brevis
Dorsal Interossei (4) 4th Layer Abduct MTP of toes 2-5 Lateral plantar
th
Plantar Interossei (3) 4 Layer Adduct MTP of toes 3, 4, and 5 Lateral plantar
Tendons of Peroneus 4th Layer - -
Long. & Post. Tibialis

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