Mensuration Archimedes of Samos (287-212 B.C.) studied at Alexandria as a young man. One of the first to apply scientific thinking to everyday problems, he was a practical man of common sense. He gave proofs for finding the area, the volume and the centre of gravity of circles, spheres, conics and spirals. By drawing polygons with many sides, he arrived at a value of between 34 and 32. He was killed in the siege of Syracuse at the age of 75. Use current units of mass, length, area, volume and capacity in practical situations and eee ee Ren Red eter car Carry out calculations involving the perimeter and area of a rectangle, triangle, ee ere Rr eaten erat eet ene Carry out calculations involving the circumference and area of a circle. Solve problems involving the arc length and sector area as fractions of the circumference and area of a ees ere COT et cee ROR e a eT ylinder. Carry out calculations involving the surface area and volume of a sphere, pyramid and cae ero Oa eee OCR Reon 1033.4 Area Rectangle Trapecium atea Seb) area = (a4 bh jualake 2 = 5 (product of diagonals) Exercise 1 For questions 1 to 7, find the area of each shape. Decide which information to use: you may not need all of it. 4 5. 3m Cr A i ae a i iv Mensuration L |8, Find the area shaded. 9, Find thearea shaded. Yo 10. A rectangle has an area of 117 m? and a width of 9 m. Find its length, 11, A trapezium of area 105 cm* has parallel sides of length 5 cm and 9 cm. How far apart are the parallel sides? 12. A kite of area 252 m* has one diagonal of length 9 m, Find the length of the other diagonal. 13. A kite of area 40 m’ has one diagonal 2 m longer than the other. Find the lengths of the diagonals, 14. A trapezium of area 140 cm? has parallel sides 10 cm apartand one of these sides is 16 cm long. Find the length of the other parallel side. 15, A floor 5 m by 20 m is covered by square tiles of side 20 em. How many tiles are needed? 16, On squared paper draw the triangle with vertices at (1, 1), (5, 3), (3, 5). Find the area of the triangle. 17. Draw the quadrilateral with vertices at (1, 1), (6, 2), (5, 5), (3, 6). Find the area of the quadrilateral. 18, A square wall is covered with square tiles. There are 85 tiles altogether along the two diagonals. How many tiles are there on the whole wall? 19. On squared paper draw a7 x 7 square. Divide it up into nine smaller squares. 20. A rectangular field, 400 m long, has an area of 6 hectares. Calculate the perimeter of the field [1 hectare = 10 000m] Intriangle BCD, sin C= 4 a h=asinC area of triangle =+xbxa sin C ‘This formula is useful when two sides and the included angle are known. Area USnS Example Find the area of the triangle shown. 2 Sem = 5X 5x7 xsin 52° =13.8cm* (Idp.) Parallelogram ——__ » —__- area=bxh area=ba sin 6 Exercise 2 In questions 1 to 12 find the area of AABC where AB = c, AC = band BC =a. (Sketch the triangle in each case.) You will need some basic trigonometry (see page 209). 1. a=7 cm, b= 14cm, C= 80°. 2. b=11 cm, a=9 cm, C=35°. 3. c=12m, b= 12m, A=67.2°, 4. a=5cm,c=6cm, f= 118°. 5. b=4.2 cm, a= 10cm, C= 120°. 6.a=5.cm, c=8 em, B= 142°. 7. b=3.2 em, c= 1.8m, B= 10°, C=65°, 8.a=7m,b= 14m, A =32°,B = 100% 9.a=b=c=12m. 10. 1b = 32°, 12. In questions 13 to 20, find the area of each shape. 13. 14, ‘Mensuration15. | 16. Wem L J = 17. 18. 3 , 19. Find the area shaded. 20. 19.tem j-- Ton i — tm 21. Find the area of a parallelogram ABCD with AB=7 m, AD =20 mand BAD =62°. 22. Find the area of a parallelogram ABCD with AD=7m, CD = 11 mand BAD 5 23, In the diagram if AE = + AB, find the area shaded. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29, em |. The area of an equilateral triangle ABC is 50 cm*. Find AB, ‘The area of a triangle ABC is 64 cm’, Given AB = 11m and BC =15 cm, find ABC. ‘The area of a triangle XYZ is 11m*. Given YZ=7 m and X¥Z_= 130°, find XY. Find the length of a side of an equilateral triangle of area 10.2 ny. A rhombus has an area of 40 cm” and adjacent angles of 50° and 130°. Find the length ofa side of the rhombus. A regular hexagon is circumscribed by a circle of radius 3 cm with centre O. a) What is angle EOD? b) Find the area of triangle EOD and hence find the area of the hexagon ABCDEF.30. Hexagonal tiles of side 20 cm are used to tile a room which measures 6.25 m by 4.85 m, Assuming we complete the edges by cutting up tiles, how many tiles are needed? 31. Find the area of a regular pentagon of side 8 cm. 32. ‘The diagram shows a part of the perimeter of a regular polygon with 1 sides ‘The centre of the polygon is at O and OA = OB = 1 unit. a) Whats the angle AOB in terms of n? b) Work out an expression in terms of n for the area of the polygon ©) Find the area of polygons where n= 6, 10, 300, 1000, 10 000. What do you notice? 33. The area of a regular pentagon is 600 cm?, Calculate the length of one side of the pentagon. 3.2 Thecircle circumference For any circle, the ratio ( ) is equal to x. diameter The value of is usually taken to be 3.14, but this is not an exact value. Through the centuries, mathematicians have been trying to obtain a better value for x. For example, in the third century A.D., the Chinese mathematician Liu Hui obtained the value 3.14159 by considering a regular polygon having 3072 sides! Ludolph van Ceulen (1540-1610) worked even harder to produce a value correct to 35 significant figures. He was so proud of his work that he had this value of mengraved on his tombstone. Electronic computers are now able to calculate the value of to many thousands of figures, but its value is still not exact, TLwas shown in 1761 that zis an irrational number which, like V2 or V3 cannot be expressed exactly as a fraction. ‘The first fifteen significant figures of can be remembered from the number of letters in each word of the following sentence. How I need a drink, cherryade of course, after the silly lectures involving Italian kangaroos. There remain a lot of unanswered questions concerning 1, and many mathematicians today are still working on them, Mensuration‘The following formulae should be memorised. circumference = zd Example Find the circumference and area of a circle of diameter 8 cm. (Take 7=3.142.) Circumference d 1428 S.1.cm (1d.p.) ‘Area =r? 142. 4 =50.3 em? (1d.p.) Exercise 3 For each shape find a) the perimeter, b) the area. All lengths are in cm. ‘Use the x button ona calculator or take = 3.142, All the arcs are either semi-circles or quarter circles. : 4. 5. 6. (—--\ | - L = 7. 8. % | Thecircle (BNE)nt iL. a Example 1 A circle has a circumference of 20 m. Find the radius of the circle. Let the radius of the circle by rm. Circumference = 2r 2ar=20 0 ‘The radius of the circle is 3.18 m (3 s.£). Example 2 A circle has an area of 45 cm’, Find the radius of the circle. Let the radius of the circle by rem. ar = 45 45 7 - ‘The radius of the circle is 3.78 cm. .78 (3 sf.) Exercise 4 Use the mbutton on a calculator and give answers to 3 s.f 1. A circle has an area of 15 cm’, Find its radius, 2. A circle has a circumference of 190m. Find its radius. 3. Find the radius of a circle of area 22 km’, 4, Find the radius of a circle of circumference 58.6 cm. 5. A circle has an area of 16mm’. Find its circumference. 6. A circle has a circumference of 2500km. Find its area. Mensuration 12. <>7. A circle of radius 5 cm is inscribed inside a square as shown. Find the area shaded. 8. A circular pond of radius 6m is surrounded by a path of width 1m. a) Find the area of the path. b) The path is resurfaced with Astroturf which is bought in /| packs each containing enough to cover an area of 7 How many packs are required? 9, Discs of radius 4cm are cut from a rectangular plastic sheet of - length 84cm and width 24cm. a) How many complete discs can be cut out? Find: b) the total area of the discs cut => c) the area of the sheet wasted, 10. ‘The tyre ofa car wheel has an outer diameter of 30cm. How many times will the wheel rotate on a journey of Sm? 11. A golf ball of diameter 1.68 inches rolls a distance of 4m How many times does the ball rotate completely? (1 incl a straight line 2.54cm) 12. 100 yards of cotton is wound without stretching onto a reel of diameter 3 cm. How many times does the reel rotate? (1 yard = 0.914m. Ignore the thickness of the cotton.) 13. A rectangular metal plate has a length of 65cm and a width of 35cm. Itis melted down and recast into circular discs of the same thickness. How many complete discs can be formed if a) the radius of each disc is 3cm b) the radius of each disc is 10cm? 14, Calculate the radius of a circle whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of three circles of radii 2m, 3cm and 4 cm respectively. 15. The diameter of a circle is given as 10cm, correct to the nearest cm. Calculate: a) the maximum possible circumference b) the minimum possible area of the circle consistent with this data, 16. A square is inscribed in a circle of radius 7cm. Find: a) the area of the square b) thearea shaded. 17. An archery target has three concentric regions. The diameters of the regions are in the ratio 1:2:3. Find the ratio of their areas, 18. The farmer has 100 m of wire fencing. What area can he enclose if he makes a circular pen? The circle19, ‘The semi-circle and the isosceles triangle have the same base AB and the same area. Find the angle x. 20. Lakmini decided to measure the circumference of the Earth using a very long tape measure. She held the tape measure Im from the surface of the (perfectly spherical) Earth all the ‘way round. When she had finished her friend said that her measurement gave too large an answer and suggested taking off 6 m, Was her friend correct? [Take the radius of the Earth to be 6400 km (if you need it).] 24, ‘The large circle has a radius of 10 cm. Find the radius of the largest circle which will fit in the middle. A 3.3. Arc length and sector area We take a fraction of the whole circumference depending on the angle at the centre of the circle. > Secwi'a a 4 —xar 160 Sector area, A We take a fraction of the whole area depending on the angle at the centre of the circle, ‘MensurationExample 1 Find the length of an arc which subtends an angle of 140° at the centre of a circle of radius 12 cm. Are length = 230 «2x m2 =293cm(1dp.) Example 2 A sector of a circle of radius 10 cm has an area of 25 cm’, Find the angle at the centre of the circle. Let the angle at the centre of the circle be 0. a ix ax. =25 360 9 = 25300 #100 0 =28.6° 3sf.) ‘The angle at the centre of the circle is 28.6°. Exercise 5 [Use the zrbutton on a calculator unless told otherwise.] 1, Arc AB subtends an angle 6 at the centre of circle radius r. Find the arc length and sector area when: a) r=4cm,6=30° b) r=10cm, @= 45° c) r=2cm, 0= 235°. In questions 2 and 3 find the total area of the shape. OA =2cm, OB=3cm, OC=5 cm, OD =3cm. Arch and sectorarea i=ON=6 em, OM=3 cm, OL=2 cm, OK=6em. 4, Find the shaded areas. Me ese —9.m—> 5, In the diagram the arc length is | and the sector area is A. a) Find @,whenr=5 cm and/=7.5cm. b) Find 6, when r=2 mand A=2 mr. ©). Find r, when @= 55° and [= 6 cm. 6. The length of the minor arc AB of a circle, centre O, is 27 em and the length of the major arc is 2277 cm. Find: a) the radius of the circle b) the acute angle AOB. 7. The lengths of the minor and major arcs of a circle are 5.2. cm and 19.8 respectively. Find: a) the radius of the circle Db) the angle subtended at the centre by the minor arc. 8, A wheel of radius 10 cm is turning at a rate of 5 revolutions per minute. Calculate: a) the angle through which the wheel turns in 1 second b) the distance moved by a point on the rim in 2 seconds. 9, The length of an arc of a circle is 12 cm. The corresponding sector area is 108 cm?, Find: a) the radius of the circle 1b) the angle subtended at the centre of the circle by the arc, minor ne NeW Mensuration10. ‘The length of an arc of a circle is 7.5 cm. ‘The corresponding sector area is 37.5 cm’, Find: a) the radius of the circle b) the angle subtended at the centre of the circle by the arc. LL. In the diagram the arc length is and the sector area is A. a) Find J, when 9=72° and A= 15cm’. b) Find J, when @=135° and A = 162 cm’. c) Find A, when /= 11 cmand r=5.2 cm. 12. A long time ago Dulani found an island shaped like a triangle with three straight shores of length 3 km, 4 km and 5 km. He said nobody could come within 1 km of his shore. What was the area of his exclusion zone? 3.4 Chord of a circle The line AB is a chord, The area of a circle cut off by a chord is called a segment. In the diagram the minor segment is shaded and the major segment is unshaded. a) The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a chord bisects the chord at right angles. b) The line from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a chord bisects the angle subtended by the chord at the centre of the circle. Example XY isa chord of length 12 cm ofa circle of radius 10 cm, centre O. Calculate: a) theangle XOY b) the area of the minor segment cut off by the chord XY. chord of cila) Let the midpoint of XY be M. MY =6em sin Moy =& 10 Move po ed XOY = 2x 36.87 = 73.74" b) Area of minor segment = area of sector XOY — area of AXOY area of sector XOY = 24 xa. 107 360 = 64.32 cm", area of AXOY = 5 x 10x 10% sin 73.74° = 48.00 cm* Area of minor segment = 64.32 ~ 48,00 = 16.3 cm* (3 sf.) Exercise 6 Use the button on a calculator. You will need basic trigonometry (page 209). 1. The chord AB subtends an angle of 130° at the centre O. ‘The radius of the circle is 8 cm. Find: a) the length of AB b) the area of sector OAB cao c) the area of triangle OAB 4 QE iB 4) the area of the minor segment (shown shaded), 2. Find the shaded area when: a) r=6cm,0=70° b) r=14em, 0=104° Ls ©) r=5cm, 6=80° =~ 3. Find @and hence the shaded area when: 4 a) AB=10cm,r=10em (> 8em,r=5cm a chord of length 8 em from the centre of a circle of radius 5 em? 5. How far isa chord of length 9 cm from the centre of a circle of radius 6 em? Mensuration10. 1. 12. . The diagram shows the cross-section of a cylindrical pipe with water lying in the bottom. a) Ifthe maximum depth of the water is 2 cm and the radius of the pipe is 7 cm, find the area shaded b) What is the volume of water in a pipe length of 30 cm? . An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 10 em. Find: a) thearea of the triangle b) thearea shaded. - An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 18.8 cm. Find: a) thearea of the triangle b) thearea of the three segments surrounding the triangle. . A regular hexagon is circumscribed by a circle of radius 6 em. Find the area shaded. A regular octagon is circumscribed by a circle of radius rem. Find the area enclosed between the circle and the octagon. (Give the answer in terms of r.) Find the radius of the circle: a) when @=90°, A=20cm* b) when @= 30°, A=35 cm? c) when @= 150°, A= 114 cm? ‘The diagram shows a regular pentagon of side 10 cm with a star inside, Calculate the area of the star. Chord of a circle3.5 Volume Prism A prism is an object with the same cross-section throughout its length. Volume of prism = (area of cross-section ) x length =Axl ‘A cuboid is a prism whose six faces are all rectangles. A cube is a Me special case of a cuboid in which all six faces are squares. Cylinder radius=r height = A cylinder isa prism whose cross-section is a circle, Volume of cylinder = (area of cross-section) x length. Volume = zr*h ——— Example Calculate the height of a cylinder of volume 500 cm* and base radius 8 cm. Let the height of the cylinder be h cm. mrh=500 3.1428" xh = 500 _ 500 © 3.142x 64 h=249(3sf.) ‘The height of the cylinder is 2.49 em. Exercise 7 1. Calculate the volume of the prisms. All — are in cm. d) ; Mensrn od shape ofa frustum as shown has diameters of 10 cm and 4 em at its ends and a depth of 3 cm. Calculate the volume of the bucket. “dam 33. Find the volume of a frustum with end diameters of 60 cm and 20cm and a depth of 40.cm, 34, ‘The diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius 10cm, a) Find, asa multiple of 7, the arc length of the sector, ‘The straight edges are brought together to make a cone. Calculate: b) the radius of the base of the cone ©). the vertical height of the cone. 35. Calculate the volume ofa regular octahedron whose edges are all 10 cm. 36. A sphere passes through the eight corners of a cube of side 10 cm, Find the volume of the sphere. 37. ind the volume of a regular tetrahedron of side 20 cm. 38, Find the volume of a regular tetrahedron of side 35 cm. Mensuration3-6 Surface area We are concerned here with the surface areas of the curved parts of cylinders, spheres and cones, ‘The areas of the plane faces are easier to find. a) Cylinder b) Sphere ©) Cone Curved surface area = 2arh Surface area = 4m? Curved surface area = mrl where fis the slant height. Example 1 Find the total surface area of a solid cone of radius 4 cm and vertical height 3 cm. Let the slant height of the cone be | cm. P=3'+4° — (Pythagoras’ theorem) Area of end face = x 4* = 167 cm* ‘Total surface area = 207 +16 = 367 cm* =113 cm’ (3s) Example 2 Find the surface area of a prism, whose length is 50 cm and whose cross-section is a regular hexagon with side length 10 cm and area 172 cm?. ‘There is no general formula for the surface area of a prism. Area of the two hexagons =2 x 172 =344 cm? Area of the six rectangular faces =6 x50 x 10 =3000.cm* Total area =344 +3000 =3344 em? Surface area esExercise 9 Use the button on a calculator unless otherwise instructed. 1. Copy the table and find the quantities marked". (Leave xin your answers.) solidobject | radius | vertical height | curved surface area | total surface area a) [sphere 3m * b) cylinder 4m Som sy i ©) [cone 6cm Som * d) cylinder 0.7m im * e) sphere 10m * | f) [cone Sem 12cm . g) cylinder 6mm _| 10mm * h) cone 21cm) 44cm + i) | sphere 0.01 m + j) [hemisphere Zem + * 2. Find the radius of a sphere of surface area 34 cm’. 3. Find the slant height ofa cone of curved surface area 20 cm and radius 3 cm. 4, Find the height of a solid cylinder of radius 1 cm and total surface area 28 cm’, 5. Copy the table and find the quantities marked”. (Take = 3) object radius | vertical height | curved surface area | total surface area a) [cylinder 4m * 72.cm* | b) | sphere * 192 cm? ©) cone 4cm * 60 cm* 4d) | sphere * 0.48 m ©) [cylinder Sem * 330 an? f) [cone 6cm * 225 cm? 8) (cylinder 2m * I 108m” 6. A solid wooden cylinder of height 8 cm and radius 3 em is cut in two along a vertical axis of symmetry. Calculate the total surface area of the two pieces. 7. A tin of paint covers a surface area of 60m? and costs $4.50. Find the cost of painting the outside surface of a hemispherical dome of radius 50 m. (Just the curved part.) 8, A solid cylinder of height 10 cm and radius 4 cm is to be plated ‘with material costing $11 per cm’, Find the cost of the plating. 9, Find the volume of a sphere of surface area 100 cm’. 10, Find the surface area of a sphere of volume 28 cm’. 11. Calculate the total surface area of the combined om 10m 5% cone/cylinder/hemisphere. PS Mensuration12, A man wants to spray the entire surface of the Earth (including the oceans) with a new weed killer. Ifit takes, him 10 seconds to spray 1 m*, how long will it take to spray the whole world? (Radius of the Earth = 6370 km; ignore leap years) 13. An inverted cone of vertical height 12 cm and base radius 9 cm contains water toa depth of 4 cm, Find the area of the interior surface of the cone not in contact with the water. 14. A circular piece of paper of radius 20 cm is cut in half and each half is made into a hollow cone by joining the straight edges. Find the slant height and base radius of each cone. 15. A golf ball has a diameter of 4.1 cm and the surface has 150 dimples of radius 2 mm. Calculate the total surface area which is exposed to the surroundings. (Assume the ‘dimples are hemispherical.) 16. A cone of radius 3 cm and slant height 6 cm is cut into four identical pieces. Calculate the total surface area of the four pieces. dinptindioe oom In questions 17 to 20 find the surface area of each prism. s 18. 2om sem Bem — 6an— Surface areaExample ‘A Lom by 1cm square measures 10 mm by 10 mm, The area of the square in mm is therefore 10 x10 =100mm?, ‘There are similar area conversions for m? into cm* and km? into m*: Peaeitar 00 x 100 = 100000cm* km = 1000 x 1000 = 1000 000m? ‘Alem by Lom by 1 cm cube measures 10mm by 10 mm by 10 mm, ‘The volume of the cube is therefore 10 x 10 x 10=1000mm*. femie Ya me Likewise, 1m? = 100 100 x 100=1 000000 cm’ esses om =10mm tan = 10m Exercise 10 Copy and complete. 1. 2cm*= mm* 2. 45cm? = mm 3, 1600 mm? = cm? 4. 48mm? cm? 6. 26m? = cor 7. 8600.cm* m 9. Skm? nm 10. 4500000. km? IL. 8cm* mm! 12, 21cm’ mm 13. 48000 mm* = cm 14. 6m*= cm? 15, 28000000 cm* = m 16. A cuboid measures 3cm by 2cm by 4cm. a) Find the volume in mm. b) Find the surface area in mm?. 17. A rectangle measures 40cm by 80cm. Find the area in m?. 18. A sphere has radius 6.2m. a) Find the surface areain cm?, —_b) Find the volume inm’, _¢) Find the volume in em’ 19, A square-based pyramid has base area 300 cm? and height 40 mm, Find the volume in mm’, 20. A cylinder has volume 1200 cm’, ‘The length of the cylinder is 42 mm. Find the radius of the cylinder in mm, Revision exercise 3A 1, Find the area of the following shapes: 9 t re ies Sen | Tom idem ‘MensurationA circle has radius 9 m. Find its circumference and area. 2.a) b) A circle has circumference 34 cm. Find its diameter. c) A circle has area 50 cm*, Find its radius. 3. A target consists of concentric circles of radii 3.cmand 9 cm. a) Find the area of A, in terms of 7. area of B b) Find the ratio area of A 4, In Figure 1 a circle of radius 4 cm is inscribed in a square. In Figure 2 a square is inscribed in a circle of radius 4 om Calculate the shaded area in each diagram. @ Figure 1 Figure 2 5. Given that OA = 10 cm and AOB=70° (here © is the centre of the circle), calculate: a) thearc length AB a b) the area of minor sector AOB. 9. 10. i. 12. 13. ‘The points X and Y lie on the circumference of acircle, of centre O and radius 8 cm, where XOY = 80°, Calculate: a) thelength of the minor arc XY b) the length of the chord XY ©) the area of sector XOY d) thearea of triangle XOY e) the area of the minor segment of the circle cut off by XY. . Given that ON = 10 cm and minor arc MN=18 cm, calculate the angle MON (shown as x"). . A cylinder of radius 8 cm has a volume of 2lltres. Calculate the height of the cylinder. Calculate: a) the volume of a sphere of radius 6 em b) the radius of a sphere whose volume is 800 cm* A sphere of radius 5 cm is melted down and made into a solid cube. Find the length ofa side of the cube. ‘The curved surface area of a solid circular cylinder of height 8 cm is 100 cm’. Calculate the volume of the cylinder. A cone has base radius 5 cm and vertical height 10 cm, correct to the nearest cm, Calculate the maximum and minimum possible volumes of the cone, consistent with this data, Calculate the radius of a hemispherical solid whose total surface area is 487m? Revision exercise 34 [EbL)re 14, Calculate: a) the area of an equilateral triangle of side 6cm b) the area of a regular hexagon of side 6 cm ©) the volume of a regular hexagonal prism of length 10.cm, where the side of the hexagon is 12 cm. 15. Ten spheres of radins 1 cm are immersed in liquid contained in a vertical cylinder of radius 6 cm. Calculate the rise in the level of the liquid in the cylinder. 16, A cube of side 10 cm is melted down and made into ten identical spheres. Calculate the surface area of one of the spheres. 17, The square has sides of length 3 cm and the ares have centres atthe corners. Find the shaded area. scm 18. A copper pipe has external diameter 18mm. and thickness 2mm, The density of copper is 9 g/cm’ and the price of copper is $150 per tonne. Whatis the cost of the copper ina length of 5m of this pipe? 19, Twenty-seven small wooden cubes fit exactly ide a cubical box without a lid, How many of the cubes are touching the sides or the bottom of the box? Mensuration 20. In the diagram the area of the smaller square is 10 cm’, Find the area of the larger square, oa Nee 21. A piece of wood, to be used for making a ramp, has been cut into the shape of a prism, whose cross-section is a right-angled triangle with side lengths 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm. The width of the ramp is 25 cm. a) Calculate the volume of the ramp. b) Calculate the surface area of the ramp.Examination-style exercise 3B 1. A spacecraft made 58 376 orbits of the Earth and travelled a distance of 2.656 x 10” kilometres. (a) Calculate the distance travelled in 1 orbit correct to the nearest kilometre, [2] (b) The orbit of the spacecraft is a circle, Calculate the radius of the orbit. 2] Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 21 Qi4 November 2008 2. A large conference table is made from four rectangular sections and four corner sections, Each rectangular section is 4 m long and 1.2 m wide. Each corner section is a quarter circle, radius 1.2 m. Noto seale Each person sitting at the conference table requires one metre of its outside perimeter. Calculate the greatest number of people who can sit around the outside of the table. Show all your working, BI Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 2 Q11 November 2005 3. In triangle ABC, AB=6 cm, AC=8 cm, and BC=12.cm. Angle ACB=26.4°. Calculate the area of the triangle ABC. 2 Not to seale m sem sem, 2 LS Rem é Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 2 Qs June 2006, Examination-style exercise 3B4, <2 > ‘The shape above is made by removing a small semi-circle from a large semi-circle. AM=MB=12.cm [3] Calculate the area of the shape. Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 2 Q10 November 2007 5. Not scale A 2 ee _ ‘The largest possible circle is drawn inside a semi-circle, as shown inthe diagram, ‘The distance AB is 12 centimetres. (a) Find the shaded area, [4] (b) Find the perimeter of the shaded area, (2) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 2 Q23 June 2007 6. Not to seale ‘The diagram shows part of a logo that has been designed for an engineering company. OAD and OFG are sectors, centre O, with radius 12 em and angle 50°, B,C, Eand H lie ona circle, centre O, and radius 4 cm. Calculate, correct to 3 significant figures, the area shaded. [4] Tera MensurationA,B, Cand D lie on a circle, centre O, radius 8 cm, ABand CD are tangents to a circle, centre O, radius 4m. ABCD isa rectangle. (a) Calculate the distance AE RI (b) Calculate the shaded area, BI Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 2 Q21 November 2005, Not to seale A solid metal bar is in the shape of a cuboid of length of 250 cm. ‘The cross-section is a square of side x cm. ‘The volume of the cuboid is 4840 cm‘, (a) Show that x= 4.4. 2) (b) The mass of 1 cm’ of the metal is 8.8 grams, Calculate the mass of the whole metal bar in kilograms, 2 (©) A bos, in the shape of a cuboid measures 250 cm by 88 cm by hr cm. 120 of the metal bars fit exactly in the box. Calculate the value of pl (d) One metal bar, of volume 4840 cm’, is melted down to make 4200 identical small spheres. All the metal is used. i) Calculate the radius of each sphere, Show that your answer rounds to 0.65 cm, correct to 2 decimal places. (a [The volume, V, ofa sphere, radius r, is given by Vater | Examination-style exercise 3Bii) Calculate the surface area of each sphere, using 0,65 cm for the radius. i [The surface area, A, of a sphere, radius r, is given by A= 4°] iii) Calculate the total surface area of all 4200 spheres as a percentage of the surface area of the metal bar, i Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 4 Q7 June 2009 Bem A Not to seale A circle, centre O, touches all the sides of the regular octagon. ABCDEFGH shaded in the diagram. ‘The sides of the octagon are of length 12 cm. BA and GH are extended to meet at P. HG and EF are extended to meet at Q. (a) i) Show that angle BAH is 135°. [2] ii) Show that angle APH is 90°. 1] (b) Calculate i) the length of PH, (21 ii) the length of PQ, (21 iii) the area of triangle APH, (21 iv) the area of the octagon. [3] (©) Calculate i) the radius of the circle, (2) ii) the area of the circle as a percentage of the area of the octagon. (3) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Paper 4.Q5 June 2008 Term Mensuration10, Paul and Debbie buy their son a magic set. The box is a prism with a cross-section that isa trapezium, as shown in the diagram. em a) Calculate the area of the cross-section. [2] b) Calculate the volume of the box. RI ©) Calculate the surface area of the box. (I Examination-style exercise 38 (BE