STAR PLUS Publications 1 Class 8th

GRAMMAR
Compound Words: A compound word is Name Place Things
made4 of two words. Each word has its own Allama Iqbal Lahore Titanic(ship)
meaning but when we put them together, they Issac Newton Karachi PIA (airline)
give a new single meaning. e.g; snowflake, Ahmed Islamabad Barbie doll
backbite, copyright.
Shakeel Multan I Phone
‫ اکی رمبک ظفل دو وظفلں ےس اتنب ےہ۔ رہ ظفل اک اانپ ینعم وہات ےہ نکیل بج مہ اںیہن‬ Collective Noun: A collective noun is the
‫قحِااشتع۔‬،‫تبیغ‬،‫ااھٹکرکےتںیہوتوہاینوادحینعمدےتیںیہ۔ًالثمربػاکاگال‬ name of a group or collection of persons,
Homophones: Homophones are the words animals, or things and spoken about as a
that have the same sounds but different whole.
meanings. e.g; weather/ whether, seen/ scene, ‫ اجونروں ایزیچوں ےک اکی رگوہ ای اامتجع اک انؾ وہاتےہ‬،‫ اکی امسعمج ااسنونں‬:‫امسعمج‬
hair/hare, herd/heard, there/their. ‫اوروپریامجتعےکوطررپاکپرااجاتےہ۔‬
‫ وہوموفزن اےسی اافلظ وہےتںیہ نج یک آوازںی اکی یسیج وہیت ےہ نکیل ینعم فلتخم‬Collection of Person Army, party, class
‫اُؿےک۔‬/‫واہں‬،‫اننس‬/‫رویڑ‬،‫رظنم‬/‫داھکیےہ‬،‫آایہک‬/‫ وہےتںیہ۔ًالثموممس‬Collection of Animals Flock, herd, group
Nouns: A noun is a naming word. It can be the Collection of Things Dozen, bunch, bundle
name of a thing, person, place, object (animate
or inanimate) or feeling. e.g; book, Ahmad,  Concrete Nouns: Concrete nouns can be
Lahore, love etc. detected and felt with our five senses. We
can touch or see them. E.g; tiger, house,
‫ زیچ ای ذجہب اک انؾ‬،‫ ہگج‬،‫ آدیم‬،‫اکی امس اکی انؾ دےنی واال ظفل وہاتےہ۔ ہی اکی زیچ‬ teacher, arrow.
‫ تبحوہریہ۔‬،‫الوہر‬،‫ادمح‬،‫ وھٹس اامس امہرے وحاس ہسمخ ےس ڑکپے اجےتکسںیہ اور وسحمس ےیک وہاتکسےہ۔ًالثماتکب‬:‫وھٹس اامس‬
Types of Nouns: There are many types of ‫ری۔‬،‫ہملع‬،،‫رھ‬،،‫اجےتکسںیہ۔مہاںیہنوھچےتکسںیہایدھکیےتکسںیہ۔ًالثمریش‬
nouns. :‫ اامسیکتہبیسااسقؾںیہ‬ Abstract Nouns: An abstract noun is the
 Common Nouns: A noun which does not name of a state, quality, action or feeling or
point out any particular person, place or an idea that we can only think of or feel but
thing, but is common to all persons or things we cannot touch or see.
of the same class or kind, is called a ‫ لمع ای ذجہب ای اکی ایخؽ اک انؾ ےہ وج مہ‬،‫ تفص‬، ‫ اکی احتل‬،‫ امس ذات‬:‫اامسےئ ذات‬
common noun.
‫ ہگج ای زیچ یک رطػ ااشرہ ہن رکے ہکلب اکی یہ‬،‫ اکی امس وج یسک اخص صخش‬:‫امس رکنہ‬ ‫رصػوسچےتکسںیہایوسحمسرکےتکسںیہنکیلمہہنوھچےتکسںیہہندھکیےتکسںیہ۔‬
I always speak the truth. Truth
‫امجتعایمسقوکاظرہرکےوتامسرکنہالہکاتےہ۔‬
Kindness is always rewarded Kindnes
Name Place Things
King Solomon is known for his wisdom Wisdom
Boy School Pen
Use of post modifiers after nouns
Man Park Book
Post modifiers give extra or specific information
Teacher City Needle about the noun e.g. place, possession and
Lady Hospital Pencil identifying features.
 Proper Noun: A proper noun is the name ‫ تیکلم‬،‫وپٹس امڈی افرئز امس ےک ابرے ںیم زادئ ای اخص ولعمامت دےتیںیہ ینعی ہگج‬
of a particular person, place or a thing. It
always begins with a capital letter. ‫اورانشیتخوصخایصت۔‬
‫ہگجایزیچاکانؾوہاتےہ۔ہی ہشیمہڑبےرحػ‬،‫ امسرعمہفاکیاخصصخش‬:‫امسرعمہف‬
‫ےسرشوعوہاتےہ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 2 Class 8th
Plural nouns but singular in meaning Subjective, Objective and Possessive
Some nouns especially those ending in „s‟ although Pronouns ‫وعفمیلاور ِکلِماامسےئریمض‬،‫افلع‬
plural in form, are singular in number and in
meaning. They are always spoken as plural nouns Subjective Pronouns are used as subjects of
wherever you use them. e.g; news, scissors, verbs. ‫افیلعاامسےئریمضافلعےکوطررپاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔‬
glasses, tweezers, pants, jeans. Objective Pronouns are used as objects of
‫ رپ متخ وہےتںیہ ارگہچ عمج لکش ںیم وہےتںیہ نکیل دعتاد اور ینعم‬s ‫ھچک اامس اخص وطررپ وج‬ verbs. ‫وعفمیلاامسےئریمضوعفمؽےکوطررپاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔‬
‫ںیم وادح وہےتںیہ۔ اہجں یھب آپ اںیہن اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ وہ ہشیمہ عمج امس ےک وطررپ‬ Possessive Pronouns are used instead of
‫وبےلاجےتںیہ۔‬ nouns that show possession of something.
Subject verb pattern (SV) ‫یکلم اامسےئ ریمض اؿ اامسےئ یک ہگج اامعتسؽ وہےتںیہ وج یسک زیچ یک تیکلم ای ہضبق اظرہ‬
Subject Intransitive Verb Pattern (SIV)
‫رکےتںیہ۔‬
The SIV pattern is the simplest sentence type.
Interrogative Pronouns: Interrogative pronouns
‫(بسےساسدہےلمجیکمسقےہ۔‬SIV)‫ افلع۔لعفالزؾومنہن‬are used to ask questions. Usually, interrogative
Subject Transitive Verb SVO pattern: pronouns come at the start of the sentence.
The SVO pattern is the simplest sentence type. It Question end with a question mark (?).
includes a subject, a transitive verb and object.
‫ااہفتسہیمامضرئوساالتوپےنھچےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔اعؾوطررپااہفتسہیمامضرئ‬
‫ اکی لعف دعتمی اور اکی‬،‫ومنہن آاسؿ رتنی ےلمج یک مسق ےہ۔ اس ںیم اکی افلع‬SVO
‫ےلمجےکرشوعںیمآےتںیہ۔وساالتوساہیلاشنؿےکاسھتمتخوہےتںیہ۔‬
‫وعفمؽاشلموہاتےہ۔‬
Examples:
Homographs: Homographs are words that  Who is your favourite national leader?
have the same spelling but different meanings  Whose pen is this?
and sometimes they have different  Where are you going?
pronunciation as will.  Which way did you choose?
‫ اجتمسن اافلظ اےسی اافلظ وہےتںیہ نج ےک ےجہ اکی یہ‬:‫مہ لکش رگم فلتخم ینعم واےل اافلظ‬
Demonstrative Pronouns: Demonstrative
‫ وہےتںیہنکیلاؿےکاعمینفلتخموہےتںیہاوراسباواقتاؿاکظفلتیھبفلتخموہاتےہ۔‬pronouns are used to show or point out something.
Masculine, Feminine, Common and i.e,. objects, people, animals etc. e.g; this, that,
Neuter Gender those, these.
Masculine Gender: A gender that represents ،‫امضرئ ااشرییسکزیچوکداھکےنایاسیکاشندنیہےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔ینعیاایشء‬
males or refer to objects that are classified as male.
‫ہی(عمج)۔‬،)‫وہ(عمج‬،‫اجونروہریہ۔اثمؽےکوطررپہی‬،‫ولگ‬
‫ ایسیفنصوجرمدوںیکامندنئیگرکیتےہایایسیاایشاکوحاہلدیتیےہنجیکدرہج‬:‫ذمرکسنج‬
Subject – verb – adjective (SVA) patter n sentence
‫ دنبیوطبرذمرکیکاجیتےہ۔‬Subject – verb – adjective is a sentence structure
Feminine Gender: A gender that represents females where the subject comes first, the verb second, and
or refers to objects that are classified as female. the adjective third. This type of sentence begins
‫ ایسی فنص وج وخانیت یک امندنئیگ رکیت ےہ ای ایسی اایش اک وحاہل دیتی ےہ نج یک‬:‫ ؤمثن سنج‬with a core sentence like “He is handsome.” Here,
“he” is the subject, “is” the verb, and “handsome”
‫ درہجدنبیوطبرؤمثنیکاجیتےہ۔‬the adjective.
Neuter Gender: Gender – neutral nouns are used for
neither a male nor a female. They refer to inanimate ‫افلع۔لعف۔تفصاکیےلمجیکاستخےہ۔اہجںافلعےلہپآاتےہ۔لعفدورسے‬
objects. ‫اور تفص رسیتے ربمن رپ آیت ےہ۔ اس مسق اک ہلمج اینبدی ےلمج ےس رشوع وہات ےہ۔‬
‫ےب سنج امس ہن ذمرک ےک ےیل اور ہن ؤمثن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ وہےتںیہ۔ وہ ےب اجؿ اایشء اک‬
"‫ےسیج "وہ وخوصبرت ےہ" اہیں "وہ" افلع ےہ۔"ےہ" لعف ےہ اور "وخوصبرت‬
‫وحاہلدےتیںیہ۔‬
Common Gender: Common gender nouns are
‫تفصےہ۔‬
used for both males and females.
‫رتشمکیفنصامسذمرکاورؤمثندوونںےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔‬:‫رتشمکسنج‬
STAR PLUS Publications 3 Class 8th
TENSES Affirmative Sentence Structure ‫تبثمےلمجیکاستخ‬
Simple Present Tense: We use the simple
Subject + will/shall + verb(present form) + object
present tense when an action takes place in the
We will play outside after school?
present time, or when it happens regularly, which is
why sometimes we call it present indefinite tense. ‫مہوکسؽےکدعبابرہںیلیھکےگ؟‬
‫ بجوکیئلمعوموجدہوتقںیموہاتےہایبجہیاباقدعیگےسوہاتےہوتمہلعفاحؽ‬Negative Sentence Structure ‫یفنمےلمجیکاستخ‬
‫ اسدہ اک اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ۔ یہی وہج ےہ ہک ضعب اواقت مہ اےس لعف احؽ قلطم‬Subject + will not / shall not + verb (present
form) + object
‫ ےتہکںیہ۔‬We will not play outside after school?
Affirmative Sentence Structure ‫اابثیتےلمجیکاستخ‬ ‫مہوکسؽےکدعبابرہںیہنںیلیھکےگ۔‬
Subject + verb (present form) + s / es + object ‫وساہیلےلمجیکاستخ‬
Interrogative Sentence Structure
We play outside after school every day.
Will / Shall + subject + verb (present form)
‫مہرہروزوکسؽےکدعبابرہےتلیھکںیہ۔‬ + object
Negative Sentence Structure ‫ یفنمےلمجیکاستخ‬Will they play outside after school?
Subject +do/does + not + verb(present form)+object ‫ایکمہوکسؽےکدعبابرہںیلیھکےگ؟‬
We do not play outside after school every day? Articles: An article is a word that comes
‫ مہرہروزوکسؽےکدعبابرہںیہنےتلیھک۔‬before a noun to show if it‟s specific or general.
Interrogative sentence structure‫وساہیلےلمجیکاستخ‬ The three articles are (a, an, the).
Does/Do+ subject+ verb(present form + object ‫اکی ااسی ظفل ےہ وج امس ےس ےلہپ ہی اظرہ رکےن ےک ےیل آات ےہ ہک آای ہی وصخمص ےہ ای اعؾ۔‬
Do they play outside after school every day? (a, an, the):‫نیترحوػریکنتںیہ‬
‫ ایکوہرہروزوکسؽےکدعبابرہےتلیھکںیہ؟‬Use the Article “The”: “The” is a definite
Simple Past Tense: Simple past tense tells us article, it is used to point out something
about the action that takes place in a time period specific.
before the present time.
‫ اکی نیعم آرلکیٹ ےہ۔ ہی یسک اخص زیچ یک اشندنیہ‬The :‫ اک اامعتسؽ‬the‚" ‫آرلکیٹ‬
‫لعفامیضاسدہںیمہاسلمعےکابرےںیماتباتےہوجوموجدہوتقےسےلہپیکدمتںیموہاتےہ۔‬
Affirmative Sentence Structure ‫اابثیتےلمجیکاستخ‬ ‫رکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽوہاتےہ۔‬
Subject + verb (past form) + object EXAMPLE
We played outside after school yesterday.  “The dog that bit me ran away.”
Here we are talking about a specific dog, the
‫مہلکوکسؽےکدعبےلیھک۔‬
dog that bit him / her.
Negative Sentence Structure ‫یفنمےلمجیکاستخ‬ ‫وہاتکسجےناُےساکاٹ۔‬،‫اہیںمہاکیوصخمصےنتکےکابرےںیمابترکرےہںیہ‬
Subject + did not + verb (present form) + object
 He saw a rabbit in the zoo.
We did not play outside after school yesterday.
This means he saw a rabbit in a particular zoo.
‫مہلکوکسؽےکدعبںیہنےتلیھک۔‬
‫رھںیمرخوگشداھکی۔‬،‫اساکبلطمےہہکاسےناکیاخصڑچای‬
Interrogative Sentence Structure ‫ وساہیلےلمجیکاستخ‬Use of the article “a” and “an”
Did + subject + verb (present form) + object? “A” and “An” are indefinite articles. These are
Did they play outside after school yesterday? used to tell us about something in general or
‫ ایکوہلکوکسؽےکدعبابرہےتلیھکںیہ؟‬non-specific.
Simple Future Tense: The simple future is a ‫رھںیمرخوگشداھکی۔‬،‫اساکبلطمےہہکاسےناکیاخصڑچای‬
verb tense that is used to talk about things that
haven‟t happened as yet.
‫اسدہلبقتسماکیلعفےہوجاؿزیچوںےکےیلاامعتسؽوہاتےہوجواہعقںیہنوہیئںیہ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 4 Class 8th
Reciprocal and Reflexive Pronouns Subject-verb-noun (SVN) sentence patterns
Reciprocal Pronouns: Reciprocal pronouns Subject-verb-noun is a sentence structure where
refer to a situation where someone or something the subject comes first, the verb second, and the
performs an action on others and receives the noun third. For example: “They are teachers.”
same action in return. Two examples of Here, “They” is the subject, “are” the verb, and
reciprocal pronouns in a sentence are one “teachers” the noun.
another or each other. ‫ٹکیجبس۔ورب۔ اٹؤؿ اکی ےلمج یک استخ ےہ اہجں افلع ےلہپ آات ےہ۔ ورب‬
‫ امضرئ وکعمس اس وصراحتؽ اک وحاہل دےتیںیہ اہجں وکیئ صخش ای وکیئزیچ‬:‫وکعمس امضرئ‬ ‫ "وہ ااتسد‬:‫دورسے ربمن رپ اور انؤؿ(امس) رسیتے ربمن رپ آات ےہ۔ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ‬
‫ دورسوںرپلمعرکیتےہاوردبےلںیمویہلمعووصؽرکیتےہ۔‬teachers ‫‛ لعف ےہ اور‬are‚ ‫( ےہ‬subject) ‫‛ (وہ)افلع‬they‚ ‫ںیہ۔" اہیں‬
EXAMPLE
 Laiba amd Maham are playng with each other in ‫(ااسذتہ)امسںیہ۔‬
the playground. EXAMPLE
 Ahmad and Adnan share their lunch with each Subject Verb Adverb
other.
 The gangsters were fighting with one another. She is A Doctor
 The two countries trade with one another. Shafqat was A Nurse
Present Continuous Tense: Present
Reflexive Pronouns: Reflexive pronouns are Continuous tense indications an action
used when the subject, as well as the object, is happening in the present and may continue into
the same person. The reflexive pronoun always the future.
ends in –self or –selves. Reflexive pronouns ‫لعف احؽ اجری احؽ ںیم وہےن واےل اکی لمع یک اشندنیہ رکات ےہ۔ وج لبقتسم ںیم‬
are words like myself, yourself, himself,
herself. ‫یھباجرہرہاتکسےہ۔‬
Affirmative:
‫امضرئریعجاسوتقاامعتسؽوہےتںیہبجافلعاوروعفمؽاکییہصخش‬:‫امضرئریعج‬
Subject + is/am/are + base form of verb – ing
‫رپمتخوہےتںیہ۔‬selves‫ای‬self‫وہ۔امضرئریعجہشیمہ‬ + object
EXAMPLE Negative:
 She cut her hair herself yesterday. Subject + is/am/are (not) + base form of
 You are too young to do it yourself. verb-ing + object
Subject – Verb – Adverb Patterns (SVA) Interrogative:
Subject – verb – adverb is a sentence structure Is/am/are + subject + base form of verb-ing +
where the subject comes first, the verb second, object?
and the adverb third. This type of sentence
begins with a core sentence like “The girl Narrative Writing: A narrative paragraph tells
walked away.” Here, “the girl” is the subject, us about an event. It has a proper beginning,
“walked” the verb, and “away” the adverb. middle and an ending.
‫ اکی ایبہین ریپا ںیمہ اکی واہعق ےک ابرے ںیم اتبات ےہ۔ اس اک اکی ٹکیجبس۔ورب۔اڈیورب اکی ےلمج یک استخ ےہ اہجں ٹکیجبس ےلہپ آات ےہ۔ ورب‬:‫ایبہین رحتری‬
‫دورسے ربمن رپ اور اڈیورب رسیتے ربمن رپ آات ےہ۔ اس مسق اک ہلمج اینبدی ےلمج ےس‬ ‫اکیدرایمؿاورااتتخؾوہاتےہ۔‬،‫انمبسآاغز‬
‫( افلع ےہ یلچ یئگ‬the girl) ،‫ رشوع وہات ےہ ےسیج "ڑلیک دور یلچ یئگ"۔ اہیں‬Similes: A simile is a word or phrase that
compares one thing to another, using the words
‫قلعتملعفےہ۔‬away‫(لعفےہاور‬walked) „like‟ or „as‟.
EXAMPLE ‫ ہیبشتاکیااسیظفلایہلمجےہوجاکیزیچاکدورسےزیچےسومازاہن'ےسیجاییک‬:‫اہیبشتت‬
Subject Verb Adverb
Laiba Laughed Loudly ‫رطح'ےکاافلظاامعتسؽرکےتوہےئرکاتےہ۔‬
‫ف‬
Flowers Are Everywhere
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Phrasal Verb: A phrasal verb is a combination of a An adjective of size describes the size
verb and an adverb or preposition, for example „shut of something.
up‟ or „look after‟. Example: big, small, tiny, tall, short
Size
‫ اکیرمبکلعفاکیلعفاورقلعتملعفایرحػاجراکومجمہعوہاتےہ۔اثمؽ‬:‫رمبکااعفؽ‬ etc.
‫حجم‬
‫ابمل‬،‫ اھنن‬،‫ وھچاٹ‬،‫اسزئ یک تفص یسک زیچ ےک اسزئ وک ایبؿ رکیت ےہ۔ ًالثم ڑبا‬
‫ےکوطررپپچروہایدھکیاھبؽرکان۔‬
‫وہریہ۔‬
Idioms: An idiom is a saying or expression that
says one thing literally but means something else A shape adjective describes the shape
when explored in context. of something.
Example: straight, oval, square, flat,
‫اکی احمورہ اکی وقؽ ای اراہر وہات ےہ وج یظف وطررپ اکی ابت اتہ ےہ نکیل قایؼ و قابؼ ںیم‬ Shape
round etc.
‫شکل‬
‫التشرکےنرپبلطمھچکاوروہاتےہ۔‬ ،‫ وضیبی‬،‫اکی یلکش تفص یسک زیچ یک لکش ایبؿ رکیت ےہ۔ًالثم دیساھ‬
EXAMPLES ‫وگؽوہریہ۔‬،‫اٹپچ‬،‫رمعب‬
Idioms Meaning A colour adjective describes the colour
Lend a hand To provide help of something.
It‟s raining cats and dogs It‟s raining hard Example: red, green, blue, black, white
Colour
Kill two birds with one Get two things done etc.
‫رنگ‬
stone with a single action ،‫ زبس‬،‫اکی رگن یک تفص یسک زیچ ےک رگن وک ایبؿ رکیت ےہ۔ ًالثم رسخ‬
Adjectives: An adjective is a word you use to ‫دیفسوہریہ۔‬،‫قایہ‬،‫الین‬
describe a person, place, or thing. An adjective
modifies nouns or pronouns. An origin adjective of origin describes
where something comes from?
‫ ہگج ای زیچ وک ایبؿ رکےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ‬،‫ اکی ااسی ظفل ےہ ےسج آپ اکی صخش‬:‫امس تفص‬ Example: Pakistan, Turkey, Dubai,
Origin
‫رکےتںیہ۔اکیتفصاامسایامضرئیکوتحیضرکیتےہ۔‬ ‫مبدا‬/‫اصل‬
London, Thailand, Ireland etc.
EXAMPLES :‫الص یک تفص الص ایبؿ رکیت ےہ۔ اہجں ےس ھچک آات ےہ۔ ًالثم‬
Adjective Noun Word ‫آرئڈنیلوہریہ۔‬،‫اھتیئڈنیل‬،‫دنل‬،‫دیئب‬،‫رتیک‬،‫اپاتسکؿ‬
Slow Ant Slow ant Pronoun Antecedent Agreement
Old Building Old building
Pronoun antecedent agreement is when the
But what if we want to add two or more pronoun agrees in number, gender, and person
adjectives before a noun. with its antecedent. A personal pronoun takes
‫ نکیلایکوہاگارگمہیسکامساسےسےلہپدوایزایدہافصتاشلمرکاناچےتہںیہ۔رھپمہاامسےس‬the place of a noun. An antecedent is a word for
‫ ےلہپدنمرہجذلیتفصیکرتبیتیکریپویرکےتںیہ۔‬which a pronoun stands. The pronoun must
agree with its antecedent in number.
Types of adjectives
Some of the types of adjectives are as follows: ‫رمعجریمضاطمتقباسوتقوہیتےہبج ریمضدعتادفنصاورصخشےکاسھتاےن‬
‫اسہقب ےس اطمتقب راتھک وہ۔ اکی ریمض یصخش امس یک ہگج اتیل ےہ۔ اکی رمعج اکی ااسی امیافصتیکھچکااسقؾدرجذلیںیہ۔‬
A quality adjective describe the amount
of something.
‫ظفل ےہ سج ےک ےیل اکی ریمض آات ےہ ۔ ریمض یک اےن اسہقب دعتاد ےس اطمتقب رانھک‬
Quantity Example: one, two, few, many, a lot etc. ‫رضوریےہ۔‬
‫مقدار‬ :‫اکی دقماری تفص یسک زیچ یک دقمار ایبؿ رکیت ےہ۔ ًالثم‬ EXAMPLE
‫تہبزایدہوہریہ۔‬،‫تہبےس‬،‫دنچ‬،‫دو‬،‫اکی‬  Chelsey finished her presentation, “Chelsey”
is the antecedent and “her” is the pronoun.
A quality adjective describes the qualities
 The dog at the shelter is energetic, but we still
of something.
Example: nice, beautiful, excellent, kind really like him, “The dog” is the antecedent
Quality etc. and “him” is the pronoun.
‫معیار‬
،‫ دمعہ‬:‫اکی ایعمری تفص یسک زیچ یک وخایبں ایبؿ رکیت ےہ۔ ًالثم‬
‫رہمابؿوہریہ۔‬،‫اشدنار‬،‫وخوصبرت‬
‫ف‬
STAR PLUS Publications 6 Class 8th
Sentences with simple and compound structures Gerund and Participle
‫اسدہاوررمبکاستخےکاسھتےلمج‬
A gerund acts like a noun while a participle acts
Sentence: A group of words that makes a like a verb or adjective. Both the gerund and the
statement, asks a question, or expresses a participle come from a verb, and both end in – ing.
command, wish, or exclamation. Furthermore, ‫ اکی لعف ای‬participle‫ اکی امس یک رطح اکؾ رکات ےہ ہکبج‬gerund ‫اکی‬
we have two types of sentence: simple
sentences and compound sentence. ‫ اکی لعف ےس‬participle‫ اور‬gerund ‫تفص یک رطح اکؾ رکات ےہ۔ دوونں‬
‫ وخاای ای‬،، ‫ اکی وساؽ وپاتھچ ےہ ای اکی خ‬،‫ اافلظ اک اکی رگوپ وج اکی ایبؿ انبات ےہ‬:‫ہلمج‬ ‫ ںیممتخوہےتںیہ۔‬ing‫آےتںیہاوردوونں‬
‫ اسدہ ےلمج اور رمبک‬:‫اکپرےن اک اراہر رکات ےہ۔ زمدی ربآں امہرے اپس دو مسق ےک ےلمج ںیہ‬
EXAMPLE
‫ےلمج۔‬
Gerund Participle
Simple Sentences Compound sentences  Teaching is my passion.  He is teaching English.
Simple sentences contain Compound sentences contain (Here „teaching‟ is used (here „teaching‟ is used
only one independent two or more independent
as a „noun‟ as a „verb‟)
clause. Simple sentences clauses. Compound sentences
are shorter in length. There are longer than simple  Running is good exercise.  I put on my running
sentences. They typically use
is no connector in the (Here, „running‟ is used shoes. (here, „running‟ is
commas or connectors
sentence. between the clauses. as a „noun‟) used as „verb‟).
‫رمبکولمجںںیمدوایدوےسزایدہآزادوالکزوہیت اسدہ ےلمج رصػ اکی آزاد والکز رےتھک ںیہ۔‬ Degrees of Adjectives ‫افصتےکدرےج‬
‫ںیہ۔رمبکےلمجاسدہولمجںےسےبملوہےتںیہ۔ اسدہ ےلمج ابملیئ ںیم وھچےٹ وہےتںیہ۔ ےلمج‬ There are three degrees of adjectives which are;
‫وہ ومعًام الکزز ےک درایمؿ رطب ےک اافلظ اامعتسؽ ںیموکیئالمےنواالظفلںیہنوہات۔‬ :‫وجںیہ‬،‫افصتےکنیتدرےجںیہ‬
EXAMPLES: ‫رکےتںیہ۔‬ Positive: It is the primary degree of an adjective
 The train is late. EXAMPLE: which denotes the quality of a subject without any
 I love my new car.  This house is too comparison.
 Our car broke down. expensive, and that house ‫ ہیتفصاکاینبدی درہجےہوجریغبیسکومازاہن ےکیسکافلعیکوکایٹلوک‬:)‫تبثم(لیضفتیسفن‬
is too small.
 Usman went to school but ‫اظرہرکاتےہ۔‬
his sister went to the library. Comparative: This degree is used to compare two
Past continuous Tense: The past continuous subjects.
describes actions or events in a time before now, ‫ہیدرہجدوافولعںاکومازہنرکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽوہیتےہ۔‬:)‫اقتیلبدرہج(لیضفتضعب‬
which began in the past and were still going on Superlative: This degree is used to compare more
when another even occurred. than two objects.
‫ امیض اجری اب ےس ےلہپ ےک وتق ںیم وہےن واےل اکؾ ای وااعقت ایبؿ‬:‫لعف امیض اجری‬ ‫ہیدوےسزایدہافولعںاکومازاہنرکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽوہاتےہ۔‬:‫لیضفت ُک‬
‫رکاتےہوجامیضںیمرشوعوہےئاورایھباجریےھتبجاکیاورواہعقشیپآای۔‬ Regular and Irregular Adjectives
STRUCTURE OF PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Regular Adjective Irregular Adjectives
‫لعفامیضاجرییکاستخ‬  Regular adjectives change  Irregular adjectives
their form (comparative do not change their
Affirmative: ‫مثبت‬ and superlative) by
Subject + was/were + base form of verb-ing + object adding –er/-est or
form by adding –er/-
Negative: ‫منفی‬ more/most. est or more/most.
Subject + was / were + not + base form of verb – ing + ‫– اباقدعہ اامسےئ تفص لیضفت ضعب اور لیضفت‬er/-est or ‫ےباقدعہاامسےئتفص‬
object.
–er/-est or ‫ اگلےن ےس اینپ افرؾ لک ےک ےیل‬more/most
Interrogative: ‫سوالیہ‬
Was/were + subject + base form of verb – ing + object? ‫اگلرکاینپافرؾدبیتلںیہ۔‬more/most ‫ںیہندبیتلںیہ۔‬
EXAMPLES  e.g., short-shorter-shortest  e.g., ell-better-the best
 He was watching television last night.
 You were not studying math yesterday.
 Were they playing last night?
STAR PLUS Publications 7 Class 8th
Degrees of Regular Adjectives We use „has‟ with he, she, it and singular subject.
Positive Comparative Superlative ‫ اوروادحافلعےکاسھترکےتںیہ۔‬he, she, it‫„اکاامعتسؽ‬has‟‫مہ‬
Ugly Uglier Ugliest We use „have‟ with I, we, you, they and plural
Sharp Sharper Sharpest subjects.
Low Lower Lowest ‫ اورعمجافلعےکاسھترکےتںیہ۔‬I, we, you, they‫„اکاامعتسؽ‬have‟‫مہ‬
Degrees of Irregular Adjectives LITERAL AND NON – LITERAL MEANINGS
Positive Comparative Superlative ‫لغویییایغییلغوییمعانی‬
‫ر‬
Many More Most Literal Meanings: Literal meaning is the actual
Far Further Furthest meaning of a word or phrase, based on its
Bad Worse Worst dictionary meaning.
‫وغلیینعمیسکظفلایرمبکانصقےکالصینعمںیہوجاسےکتغلےکینعمیکاینبدرپوہےتںیہ۔‬
Transitional Devices: Transitional devices Non-literal Meanings: Non-literal meanings of the
words and phrases (also called figurative language
are words or phrases used to link sentences and because they are often odd or unrealistic). They go
paragraph. For example: therefore, however, beyond the dictionary meaning of the word or phrase
but etc. They work like a bridge between and often have a different meaning altogether.
sentences or from one paragraph to another. ‫اافلظ اوررمبک انصقےکہری وغلیینعم(ےسجاجمزی زابؿیھباہک اجات ےہ ویکہکنوہارثکبیجع ایہری‬
They can be also used for adding something to
‫یقیقح وہےتںیہ)۔ وہ ظفل ای ےلمج ےک وغلی ینعم ےس آےگ لکن اجےتںیہ اور ارثک اؿ ےک اعمین لمکم‬
the sentences.
‫وطررپفلتخموہےتںیہ۔‬
‫وبعری آالت اےسی اافلظ ای ےلمج ںیہ وج ولمجں اور ریپوں وک وجڑےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ‬
EXAMPLE
, but )‫ (اتمہ‬, however)‫ (اس ےیل‬therefore ‫وہےتںیہ۔ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ‬ Literal meanings Non literal meanings
‫ (نکیل)وہریہ۔‬I tried a new recipe my I told my friend a secret,
sister made and it left a and she told a to everyone
EXAMPLE: bad taste in my mouth. in the classroom. It left a
 Ali is so happy and excited because his bad taste in my mouth.
mother has given him a bicycle. The clouds are going to My head is in the clouds.
(means day dreaming)
 Furqan is very athletic and he plays in the cause rain.
Idioms: An idiom is a saying or expression that says
school cricket team too.
one thing literally but means something else when
 Ahmad invited his teacher to the party as well explored in context.
as class friends.
‫ اکی احمورہ اکی اہکوت ای اراہر وہات ےہ وج وغلی وطررپ اکی ابت اہکات ےہ نکیل‬:‫احمورے‬
Relative Pronouns: A relative pronoun is a
pronoun that heads an adjective clause. The ‫بجقایؼوقابؼںیمالتشرکںیوتاساکبلطماوروہاتےہ۔‬
relative pronouns are “that”, “which”, “who”, EXAMPLES
“whom”, and “whose”. Idioms Meanings
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Lend a hand To provide help
The present perfect is often used for an action that It‟s raining cats and dogs It‟s raining hard.
started at some time in the past and is still continuing. Kill two birds with one Get two things done with
‫ لعف احؽ لمکم ارثک اس لمع ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ وہات ےہ وجامیض ںیم یسک وتق‬:‫لعف احؽ لمکم‬ stone. a single action
Bread and butter Someone‟s livelihood
‫رشوعوہااورابیھباجریےہ۔‬ Down to earth Simple, decent, realistic,
Affirmative: ‫مثبت‬ and practical
rd Hit the sack Go to sleep
Subject + has / have + verb (3 form) + object
Negative: ‫منفی‬ No pain, no gain You must work for what
Subject + has / have + not + verb (3rd form) + object you want.
Interrogative: ‫سوالیہ‬
rd
Have / has + subject + verb (3 form) + object?
STAR PLUS Publications 8 Class 8th
Use of main verb and helping verb –y or – ‫مہاکیامسںیمالہقحاگل رکامستفص لیکشتدےےتکسںیہ۔وہاامسےئتفص وج‬
‫رمزکیلعفاورادمادیلعفاکاامعتسؽ‬ ‫وہوت‬e‫ وطبرالہقحاگلرکےتنبںیہ۔ارگامسےکآرخںیم‬al or –ial or –ish or ic
Main verb: The main verb is the one that tells you
the main action of the subject. It can stand alone in ‫ امسوکوطبرالہقح وجڑا اجاتےہاتہک امستفصنب‬ial‫–ای‬al ‫–ای‬y ‫اےساٹہدایاجاتےہاور‬
sentences or can be used with an auxiliary verb. ‫اجےئ۔‬
‫الصلعفوہےہ وجاپوک افلعاک رمزکیلمعاتباتےہ۔ہیولمجں ںیماالیک وہاتکسےہایاکی‬ Suffix Noun Adjective
‫اعموؿلعفےکاسھتاامعتسؽایکاجاتکسےہ۔‬ -y Luck Luckly
Helping verb: Helping verbs work together with -al Accident Accidental
the main verb. They are also called auxiliary verbs. -ial Finance Financial
For example, is, am, are, has, have, had etc. -ish Child Childish
‫ادمادیلعفالصلعف ےک اسھت لمرک اکؾ رکےتںیہ۔ اںیہن اعموؿ ااعفؽیھباہک اجاتےہ۔‬ -ic Artist Artistic
Comparison Clauses and relative Clauses
‫ وہریہ۔‬is, am, are, has, have, had‫اثمؽےکوطررپ‬ ‫تقابیلیکالززیاوریموصولہیکالزز‬
Conjunctions and Transitional Devices Comparative clauses: A comparative clause
Conjunctions Transitional Devices is a type of subordinate clause that follows the
1.Conjunctions are 1.Transitional devices are comparative form of an adjective or adverb and
words that connect two words or phrases that
indicate the relationship begins with as, than, or like. As the name
phrase or clause. between two sentences or indicates, a comparative clause expresses a
‫رحوػ فطع اےسی اافلظ ںیہ وج دو ولمجں ای‬ paragraphs.
comparison.
‫وبعری آالت اےسی اافلظ ای ےلمج ںیہ وج دو ولمجں ای الکزوکالمےتںیہ۔‬ adverb‫ اکی اقتیلبالکزامتحت الکزیک اکی مسقےہوج تفصای قلعتملعف‬:‫اقتیلب الکزز‬
‫ریپوںےکدرایمؿقلعتیکاشندنیہرکےتںیہ۔‬
2.Connect two clauses. 2. Connects two sentences ‫ےسرشوعوہیتےہ۔اسیجہکانؾ‬like‫ای‬than, as‫یکاقتیلبلکشیکریپویرکیتےہاور‬
or paragraphs.
‫دوالکززوکالمےتںیہ۔‬ ‫اقتلباکاراہررکیتےہ۔‬/‫ےساظرہوہاتےہاکیاقتیلبالکزومازاہن‬
‫دوولمجںایریپوںوکوجڑےتںیہ۔‬
3.Removal of a conjunction 3.Removal of a transitional EXAMPLES
from a sentence will affect device from a sentence will  Her smile was as bright as sunshine.
the grammar of the not affect the grammar of
sentence. the sentence.  My house is bigger than yours.
ِ
‫رحوػ فطع وک اٹہان ےلمج یک‬ ‫یسک ےلمج ےس وبعری آےل وک اٹہان ےلمج یک یسک ےلمج ےس‬  The room smells like flowers.
Relative Clauses: A relative clause is a
‫رگارمئوکاتمرثرکےاگ۔‬ ‫رگارمئوکاتمرثںیہنرکےاگ۔‬
subordinate clause which specifies or gives
CONJUNCTIONS TRANSITIONAL WORDS
information about a person or thing. Relative
And, but, because, if, Before, while, then, as
a result and etc.
clauses come after a noun or pronoun and, in
after and etc.
English, often begin with a relative pronoun such as
EXAMPLES: EXAMPLE: „who‟, „which‟ or „that‟.
 I like mangoes and  Before leaving, turn off
apples. the fan please. ‫اکیوموصہلالکزاکیامتحتالکزےہوجاکیصخشایزیچےکابرےںیم‬:‫وموصہلالکزز‬
 I am hungry but the  I fell asleep while
fridge is empty. studying at my desk. ‫اتبیت ےہ ای ولعمامت دیتی ےہ۔ وموصہل الکزز یسک امس ای ریمض ےک دعبآیت ےہ اور‬
 Let me know if you go  Then, I want to go
to school. home.
who, which ‫ارگنزیی ںیم ومعًام وموصہل امس ریمضےس رشوع وہیت ےہ ےسیج‬

Form Adjectives from Nouns ‫اامسےساامسےئتفصانبان‬ ‫۔‬that‫اور‬

We can form adjectives from nouns by adding EXAMPLE:
suffixes to a noun. The adjectives that are formed  The boy who is eating pizza is my brother.
by adding –y or –al or –ial or –ish or ic as a suffix. (Here, „who‟ is the relative clause)
If the noun has an „e‟ in the ending, it is removed  He is looking for a bag which he has lost.
and –y or –al or –ial is added as a suffix to the noun (Here, „which‟ is the relative clause)
to form an adjective.
STAR PLUS Publications 9 Class 8th
Past Perfect Tense: Past perfect tense is used Definition: This explains the meaning of the
for past actions, already finished when another past entry word. If there is more than one meaning,
action happened. It also use for unreal and the definition is divided by numbers. Also, an
imaginary things, wishes in the past. example sentence is often used to make the
‫ لعفامیضلمکمامیضےکاامعؽےکےیلاامعتسؽوہاتےہبجوکیئاورامیضاک‬:‫لعفامیضلمکم‬ meaning clearer.
‫امیضیکوخااشہتےکےیل‬،‫ہی ادنراج ےک ظفل ےک ینعم یک واضتح رکات ےہ ۔ ارگ اکی ےس زایدہ ینعم لمعوہاوہوتےلہپیہمتخوہاکچوہ۔ہیہرییقیقحاوروصترایتزیچوں‬:‫رعتفی‬
‫وہں وت رعتفی وک ادعاد ےس میسقت ایک اجات ےہ۔ زین اکی اثمؽ اک ہلمج ارثک ینعم وک واحض یھباامعتسؽوہاتےہ‬
Affirmative: ‫مثبت‬
‫رکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽایکاجاتےہ۔‬
Subject + had + past participle form of verb
Negative: ‫ منفی‬Guide Words: A guide word is a word or a
Subject + had + not + past participle form of verb. set of words printed in the top corner of a
Interrogative: ‫ سوالیہ‬dictionary page to indicate the first or last item
Had + subject + past participle form of verb? of that page.
Use of „for‟ and „since‟: ‫رامنہظفلاکیظفلایاافلظاکومجمہعوہاتےہوجتغلےکاورپیوکےنںیماپھچ‬:‫رامنہاافلظ‬
For Since ‫وہاتےہوجاسےکےحفصےکےلہپایآرخیآمٹئیکاشندنیہرکاتےہ۔‬
We use for to talk about We use since to talk about
the length of time, a a point in the past, a Pronunciation: Words are separated into
period of time. specific point in the past. syllables and teach you how to pronounce the
‫ وتق یک اکی دمد ےک ےیل‬،‫ امیض ںیم اکی مہ وتق یک ابملیئ‬،‫مہ امیض ںیم اکی ہطقن‬ entry word. It tells you which syllable is
‫اکاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬for‫وصخمص ہطقن ےک ابرے ںیم ابت رکےن ےک ابترکےنےئلیک‬ stressed.
‫اکاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬since ‫ےیل‬ ‫اافلظ وک اراکؿ ںیم اگل اگل ایک اجات ےہ اور آپ وک ادنراج ےک ظفل اک ظفلت اھکسای‬:‫ظفلت‬
FOR + time period SINCE + starting point ‫اجاتےہ۔ہیآپوکاتباتےہہکسک ُرنکرپزوردایایگےہ۔‬
FOR + number + time word SINCE + date and time
Example Example
Part of speech: This tells you what part of
Seven minutes, eight 8’o clock, Monday, 1
st speech the defined word is. It tells you if the
years, three weeks, 3 July, December, 1994, entry word is a noun, adjective, verb, pronoun,
centuries, 5 months, ever beginning of time preposition or conjunction.
Sentences Sentences
She has been in prison for He has lived here since ‫ہیآپوکاتباتےہہکاسںیمایبؿرکدہظفلزابؿاکوکاسنہصحےہ۔ہیآپ‬:‫زابؿاکہصح‬
6 months. 1993.
You have played football I haven’t ridden a horse ‫ایرحػفطعےہ۔‬،‫رحػاجر‬ ِ ،‫ریمض‬/‫لعف‬،‫وکاتباتےہہکآایادنراجاکظفلامستفص‬
for ten years. since I was 9.
Pronunciation Guide: This guide explains
Parentheses ( ): Parentheses are punctuation the meanings of the symbols used in
marks that always come in pairs. We use pronunciation. It is normally located in the front
parenthesis to enclose additional information, non-
of a dictionary and the bottom of every page. It
essential information to clarify, explain or add a
side note in a sentence. is usually separated from the page by a line or is
placed in a coloured box.
‫ہری‬،‫وقنیساواقػیکالعامتںیہوجہشیمہوجڑوںںیمآیتںیہ۔مہوقنیسوکااضیفولعمامت‬:‫وقنیس‬
‫ہیاگڈیئظفلتںیماامعتسؽوہاےنوایلالعوتمںےکینعماتبیتےہ۔ہیاعؾ‬:‫ظفلتیکرامنہیئ‬
‫ واضتح رکےن ای اکی ےلمج ںیم اسڈئ ونٹ اشلم رکےن ےک ےیل‬،‫رضوری ولعمامت وک واحض رکےن‬
‫اامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬ ‫وطررپتغلےکاسےنماوررہےحفصےکےچینواعقوہیتےہ۔‬
Use of a Dictionary ‫ لغتیکایاستعمال‬Origin: It shows the origin of the entry word.
Parts of a dictionary ‫لغتیےکیحےص‬ ‫الصوکاظرہرکاتےہ۔‬/‫ہیادنراجےکظفلاکامذخ‬:‫الصامذخ‬
Entry Words: A dictionary entry is a set of
information that describes a word or phrase.
‫ تغل اک ادنراج ولعمامت اک اکی ومجمہع وہات ےہ وج یسک ظفل ای رمبک انصق وک‬:‫ادنراج اک اافلظ‬
‫ایبؿرکاتےہ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 10 Class 8th
Modal verbs: Modal verbs are used to express certain Adjectival phrases: An adjectival phrase
hypothetical conditions, such as advice capability or
requests (there is a full list in the next section). They are
refers to a group of words comprising of an
used alongside a main verb to change its meaning adjective.
slightly. Because they are auxiliary verbs, they cannot ‫اکی تفص واال ہلمج اافلظ ےک اکی رگوپ یک رطػ ااشرہ رکات ےہ وج تفص رپلمتشم‬
be used on their own.
،‫ومڈؽ ینعی ادمادی ااعفؽ اک اامعتسؽ ضعب رفیض احالت ےک اراہر ےک ےیل ایک اجات ےہ۔ ےسیج وشمرہ‬ ‫وہاتےہ۔‬
‫ اتیلہ ای دروخاںیتس (اےلگ ےصح ںیم لمکم رہفتس وموجد ےہ) ہی الص لعف ےک اسھت اس ےک ینعموک‬EXAMPLE:
 The girl in the red shirt is my best friend.
‫فیفخ اس دبےنل ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ وہےتںیہ۔ وچہکن وہ اعموؿ ااعفؽ ںیہ اس ےیل وہ وخد اامعتسؽ ںیہن‬
 Slow and steady wins the race.
‫ وہےتکس۔‬Past Perfect Tense: It is used for the past
Modal verb Type Explanation action, already finished when another past
Can, cannot/ Ability/ It shows whether or not action happened.
the subject is able to do
can‟t could inability something. ‫ہیامیضےکلمعےکےیلاامعتسؽوہاتےہبجوکیئاورامیضاکلمعوہاتےہ‬:‫لعفامیضلمکم‬
If you want to ask
May/ May ‫وتہیےلہپیہمتخوہاجاتےہ۔‬
Permission permission to do
not something.
Affirmative: ‫مثبت‬
When we are not sure Subject + had + past participle form of verb + object
Might Possibility about something in the
present or future. Negative ‫منفی‬
If you want to ask Subject + had + not + past participle form + object
someone else to do Interrogative ‫سوالیہ‬
Would, will, something.
Request Had + subject + past participle form of verb + object.
can ‫ارگ آپ یسک ےس ھچک رکےن ےک ےیل‬
‫انہکاچےتہںیہ۔‬ Formal Letter: A formal letter is a professional
letter, which is written in formal language, in a
If you want to
recommend something to prescribed format. This letter is mainly used for
someone without giving professional communication.
Suggestion an order.
Should
/ advice ‫ے‬ ‫ اکیریمسطخاکیہشیپ واراہن طخوہاتےہ وج ریمسزابؿ ںیماکیوجمزہ لکشںیم اھکل‬:‫ریمس طخ‬
‫دی ریغب‬‫ ئ‬، ‫ارگ آپ یسک وک وکیئ خ‬
‫یسکزیچیکافسرشرکاناچےتہںیہ۔‬ ‫اجاتےہ۔ہیطخاینبدیوطررپہشیپواراہنراےطبےکےیلاامعتسؽوہاتےہ۔‬
It expresses a
Synonyms: Synonyms are words that have
necessary action, the same, or almost the same, meaning as
such as an obligation, another word.
duty, or requirement.
Must need to ‫رتمادافتاےسیاافلظںیہنجےکینعماکیےسیجوہےتںیہایرقتًابیاکیےسیجینعم‬:‫رتمادػ‬
Obligation ‫ہی اکی رضوری لمع اک اراہر رکات ےہ‬
have
‫ رفض ای‬،‫ےسیج وکیئ االخیق دابؤ‬ ‫ےکوطررپاکیاورظفل۔‬
‫رضورت۔‬ EXAMPLE
To offer to do things
Words Synonyms
for people or to invite F
Amazing Surprising, stunning, astounding
Invitation/ them to do something.
Would, will Antonyms
offer ‫ولوگں ےک ےیل اکؾ رکےن یک شکشیپ‬ Antonyms are words that have the opposite
‫رکانایاںیہنھچکرکےنیکدوعتدانی۔‬ meanings. ‫اضتمداافلظاےسیاافلظںیہنجےکاضتمدینعموہےتںیہ۔‬
It is used to show EXAMPLE
something that is
Mustn‟t, strictly prohibited. Words Synonyms
Probation Sad Happy, joyful, glad
can‟t ‫ہیایسیزیچوکداھکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽ‬
‫ایکاجاتےہوجیتخسےسونممعوہ۔‬
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Prepositions of Positions, time, movement Conjunction and transitional devices used
and direction ِ ‫ہگجےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےنواےل‬
for place ‫رحوػفطعاوروبعریآالت‬
‫یحرکتیاوریسمتیےکیحروفیجار‬،‫یوقت‬،)‫پوزیشنی(حالت‬
Place devices are used at different positions
Prepositions of Position: tells us the
within a sentence. It develops ordering words to
position of something or someone.
make a sentence with two simple clauses. E.g,
ِ ‫وپزنشیاک‬
‫رحػاجرںیمہیسکزیچاییسکآدیمیکوپزنشیاتباتےہ۔‬ where, whenever.
EXAMPLE ‫ہگجیکرتابیکےلمجںیمفلتخموپزونشیںرپاامعتسؽوہیتںیہ۔ہیرتیبیتاافلظوکدواسدہ‬
 My paper is beneath the piles of copies.
 My house is near the park. ‫اہکں۔‬،‫الکززےکاسھترتبیتدےرکہلمجانبیتںیہ۔ًالثمیسکہگج‬
 The cat is under the table. Words Sentences
Prepositions of Time: A preposition of time Wherever They can go wherever they want.
is a preposition that allows you to discuss a Where Where are you planning to go?
specific time period such as a date on the Conjunction and transitional devices used for
calendar, one of the day of the week, or the ‫رحوػفطعاوروبعریآالت‬
choice ِ ‫ااختنبےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےنوایل‬
actual time something takes place.
It is used to give a choice between two of the
‫رحػاجرآپوکاکی وصخمصدمترپثحبرکےنداتیےہےسیج ڈنلیکررپاکی‬ ِ ‫وتقاک‬
same part of speech as well as two phrases or
‫ اترخیےتفہےکدونںںیمےساکیاییسکزیچےکوہےناکالصوتق۔‬clauses. E.g., either…. Or , neither….nor.
EXAMPLE ‫اےس زابؿ ےک دو وصحں ےک العوہ دو رفزیز ای الکزز ےک درایمؿ اکی ااختنب ےک ےیل‬
 Twenty years have passed since we met. ‫ہنہیاورانوہ۔‬،‫ایوہ‬،‫اامعتسؽایکاجاتےہ۔ًالثمایہی‬
 I am just going to office for two hours.
 Many years ago, people used to live in caves. Words Sentences
He can have either tea or
Prepositions of Movement and Either…or
coffee.
Directions: ِ ‫رحتکاورتمسےک‬
‫رحوػاجر‬ Neither…nor
Neither mark nor his wife is
Prepositions of direction and movement are used tall.
to talk about the location of things and their Punctuation ‫رموزیاوقاف‬
ِ
movements from one place to another. Apostrophes: Apostrophes are used to indicate that
something belongs to something or someone else.
ِ ‫تمس اور رحتک ےک‬
‫رحوػ اجر زیچوں ےک اقمؾ اور اؿ یک اکی ہگج ےس دورسی ہگج‬
‫ ااضتف تملییک اک اامعتسؽ اس ابت یک اشندنیہ ےئلیک ایک اجات ےہ ہک وکیئ زیچ‬:‫ااجتف تملییک‬
‫یکلقنورحتکےکابرےںیمابترکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔‬
‫یسکاورزیچایآدیمےسقلعتریتھکےہ۔‬
EXAMPLE
 The fox jumped over the lazy dog. Apostrophes with a singular noun:
 We are going across the river by boat. ‫ی‬:‫اجافتیتملییکیواحدیاسمیےکیساتھ‬
 Don‟t put the ketchup into bottles. To indicate possession with a singular noun, add „s
Conjunctions and Transitional Devices: at the end of the word.
Conjunctions and transitional devices can be used for ‫‘ اشلمرکںی۔‬s’‫وادحامسےکاسھتتیکلمیکاشندنیہرکےنےکےیلظفلےکآرخںیم‬
different devices i.e., for purpose, for place and for Apostrophes with plural nouns:
choice.
To indicate possession with a plural noun, add an
EXAMPLE
apostrophe after the final letter if it is an s or by
Words Sentences adding ‘s if the final letter is not an s.
I‟ll go by car so that I can take more ‫تمل‬
so that luggage‟s. ‫عمج امس ےک اسھت تیکلم یک اشندنیہ رکےن ےک ےیل آرخی رحػ ےک دعب ااضتفِ یئکی اشلم‬

In order to
I will do my best in order to teach ‫ںیہنےہ۔‬s‫اکااضہفرکںیارگآرخیرحػ‬s‫ےہای‬s‫رکںی۔ارگہی‬
you English vocabulary. F

She will go to the cinema so as to

So as to watch the new movie.
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STAR PLUS Publications 12 Class 8th
Figurative Language: Figurative language is Compound Coordination and Complex
language that‟s intended to create an image, Sub-coordination Conjunction
association, or other effects in the mind of the ‫کمپاؤنڈیکوآرڈیینیشنیاوریکمپلیکسیسبیکوآرڈیینیشنی‬
listener or reader that goes beyond the literal ‫حروفیعطف‬
meaning or expected use of the words involved.
ِ
‫ اجمزی ای انصعئ و دباعئ یک وہ زابؿ وہیت ےہ سج اک دصقم اسعم ای اقری ےک ذنہ‬:‫ انصعئ و دباعئ‬TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS ‫حروفیعطفییکیاقسام‬
ِ
Coordination Sub-coordination
‫ ذینہ قلعت ای درگی ارثات دیپا رکان وہےتںیہ وج یظف ینعم ای اشلم اافلظ ےک‬، ‫ںیم اکی وصتری‬
conjunctions conjunctions
‫وتمعقاامعتسؽےسابرہوہاتےہ۔‬ Coordination’s A word that is used
TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE conjunctions join two to join an
Types Definition and example phrases, clauses, or independent clause
Comparing two things using words. These are to dependent clause
„like‟ or „as‟. used when we is called a sub-
emphasize both coordination
‫„ اک اامعتسؽ رکےت وہےئ دو زیچوں اک‬as‟‫„ای‬like‟ clauses equally. conjunction.
Simile ‫ومازاہنرکان‬ ،‫وکآرڈی نشین رحوػ فطع دو ولمجں‬ ‫اکیظفلوجآزادالکزوک اتعبالکزےس المےن‬
‫تشبیہ‬ EXAMPLE:
‫ بس وکآرڈی الکزز ای اافلظ وک المےتںیہ۔ ہی اس وتق‬،‫ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ وہات وہ‬
 As brave as lion.
 Her smile is bright like the ‫اامعتسؽ وہےتںیہ بج مہ دوونں الکزز رپ‬ ِ ‫نشین‬
‫رحوػفطعالہکاتےہ۔‬
sun. ‫اسکیںوطررپزوردےتیںیہ۔‬
The direct comparisons of two
unlikely things.
Examples: Examples:
And, but, or, nor, for, After, while, whether,
Metaphor ‫دوہریاشمہبزیچوںاکرباہِراتسومازاہن‬ so and etc. because, and etc.
‫استعارہ‬ EXAMPLE:
 Raining cats and dogs. Compound Sentence: A compound sentence is
 He has a heart of gold. a sentence that connects two independent clauses.
The clauses are joined together by a coordinating
Giving human qualities to non-
conjunction „like‟, „and‟, „or‟, „but‟, „for‟, „nor‟,
human objects.
and etc.
‫ہریااسنینزیچوںوکااسنینافصتدانی۔‬ ‫ی نی‬
ِ ‫اکی رمبک ہلمج ااسی ہلمج ےہ وج دو آزاد الکزز وک وجڑات ےہ۔ الکزز وک وکآرڈی ئن‬
‫رحوػ‬
Personification EXAMPLE:
‫تجسیم‬  The streets to non-human „like‟, „and‟, „or‟, „but‟, „for‟, ‫فطع ےس وجڑا اجات ےہ ےسیج‬
objects ‫„وہریہ۔‬nor‟
 The leaves danced on the Independent clause + comma + coordinating
wind. conjunction + independent clause
An exaggerated phrase. EXAMPLE:
Hyperbole
‫اکیڑباھڑچاھرکایبؿایکایگہلمج‬  He likes oranges, and bananas
‫مبالغہ‬ EXAMPLE:  The puppy had lost her bone, so she was
 I could eat a whole cow. feeling sad.
 I am starving to death.  I don‟t like fruits, but I like chocolates.
Words are used to imitate  I am exhausted, so I‟m going to bed early.
sounds.
‫اافلظآوازوںیکلقنرکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽوہےتںیہ۔‬
Onomatopoeia
‫ی‬ EXAMPLE:
‫صونیترکیب‬
 Bees buzzed through the air.
 The door shut with a loud clang
/ bang.
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STAR PLUS Publications 13 Class 8th
Complex Sentence: A complex sentence has an EXAMPLE:
independent clause joined by one or more  He is eating apples.
dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has  Robert was a good king.
a subordinating conjunction such as „although‟, There are four types of sentences.
„after‟, „while‟, „whenever‟, „unless‟ and etc. Declarative Sentence: Declarative sentence is a
‫ اکی دیچیپہ ےلمج ںیم آزاد الکز اکی ای زایدہ امتحت الکزز ےس ڑجیوہیت ےہ۔ اکی‬:‫ رمبک ہلمج‬sentence that expresses a statement. In general it
declares something, form very important
،)‫„ (ارگہچ‬although‟‫دیچیپہ ےلمج ںیم ہشیمہ امتحت رحوػ فطع وہات ےہ ےسیج‬
information to minor detail.
‫„(بجیھب)وہریہ۔‬whenever‟،)‫„(بج‬while‟،)‫„(ےکدعب‬after‟ ‫االعہینہلمجاکیااسیہلمجوہاتےہوجایبؿاکاراہررکاتےہ۔اعؾوطررپہیتہبامہ‬:‫االعہینہلمج‬
Independent clause + subordinating
conjunction + dependent clause ‫ولعمامتےسےلرکومعمیللیصفتکتبسھچکاتباتےہ۔‬
OR EXAMPLE:
Subordinating conjunction + dependent I am a grade-six student.
clause + , + independent clause He is eight years old.
EXAMPLE: The sky is blue.
 She did not receive an A grade even though Exclamatory Sentence: An exclamatory
she studied for her exams until 2 a.m. sentence is a statement that expresses strong
 Even though she studied for her exams until emotion, and it ends with an exclamation mark “!”.
2 a.m., she did not receive an A grade. ‫اکی اجفہیئ ہلمج اکی ااسی ایبؿ وہات ےہ وج وبضمط ذجہب اک اراہر رکات ےہ اور ہی اکی‬:‫اجفہیئ ہلمج‬
 He went to see a doctor because he was
‫اجفہیئالعتم”!“ےکاسھتمتخوہاتےہ۔‬
sick.
EXAMPLE:
 Because he was sick, he went to see the
doctor.  I am free! (expresses joy)
Dictionary: A book or electronic resource that lists the  Hurray! We won the match.
words of a language in alphabetical order and given their (expresses surprise)
meaning, or gives the equivalent words in a different  You are late again! (expresses anger)
language, often also providing information about Interrogative Sentence: An interrogative
pronunciation, origin, and usage. In every dictionary,
sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
every word has almost two types of meaning i.e.,
Interrogative sentences often start with
‫ اکی اتکب ای اکی رٹکیلاکن ذرہعی وج یسک زابؿ ےک اافلظ وک رحوػ یجہت یک رتبیت ںیم‬:‫ تغل‬interrogative pronouns (i.e., when, where, which,
‫ درجرکاتےہاوراؿ ےک ینعمداتی ےہ ای یسکدورسی زابؿ ںیمابتمدؽاافلظ داتی ےہ۔ارثکظفلت‬how etc) and ends with a question mark (?).
‫اکی وساہیل ہلمج ااسی ہلمج وہات ےہ وج وساؽ وپاتھچ ےہ۔ وساہیل ےلمج ارثک وساہیل الص اور اامعتسؽ ےک ابرے ںیم ولعمامت رفامہ رکات ےہ۔ رہ تغل ےک ںیم رہ ظفل ےک رقتًابی‬:‫ااہفتسہیم ہلمج‬
‫ےسکوہریہ)ےسرشوعوہےتںیہ اوروساہیلاشنؿ(؟)ےکاسھت دومسقےکینعموہےتںیہ۔ینعی‬،‫وکؿ‬،‫اہکں‬،‫امضرئ(ینعیبک‬
Denotative meanings Connotative meanings ‫متخوہےتںیہ۔‬
‫متبادلیمعنی‬ ‫پوشیدہیمعنی‬ EXAMPLE:
A word‟s denotation is A word‟s connotation  What kind of music do you like?
it‟s literal meaning – that is the feelings or ideas
is, the definition you find associated with a word.
 How is your brother?
in a dictionary  Which do you prefer, white or red?
‫اکی ظفل اک وہفمؾ یسک ظفل ےس واہتسب‬  Whom did you call to the party tomorrow?
‫یسک ظفل اک وہفمؾ اس اک وغلی ینعم ےہ ینعی‬
‫ااسحاستایایخالتںیہ۔‬ Imperative Sentence: An imperative
‫وہرعتفیوجآپتغلںیماپےتںیہ۔‬ sentence is a sentence that expresses a direct
Sentence and Its types: A sentence is a set of command, request, invitations, warning, or
words which are put together to mean something. instruction.
‫ اکی ہلمج اافلظ اک اکی ومجمہع ےہ وج یسک زیچ ےک ینعم ےک ےیل عمج ےیک‬:‫ دوعت ہلمج اور اس یک ااسقؾ‬،‫ دروخاتس‬، ، ‫اکی ہیمکح ہلمج ااسی ہلمج وہات ےہ وج رباہِ راتس خ‬:‫ہیمکح ہلمج‬
‫اجےتںیہ۔‬ ‫اابتنہایدہاتیاکاراہررکاتےہ۔‬،‫انےم‬
STAR PLUS Publications 14 Class 8th
EXAMPLE: Essay Writing: An essay has at least three
 Please print me a copy of this workbook. paragraphs: introductory, main body and conclusion.
(to make a request) Introductory Paragraph contains the main idea of
 Be careful, the floor is slippery. (to give warning) an essay. The main body of an essay contains
 Turn left, then right to catch the bus. supporting details. The concluding paragraph
(to give instruction) contains a summary of the essay. It also has a
 Stop talking! Students. (to give command) concluding statement. Students should be able to write a
full length essay / story (350-400) words.
 Please join me for dinner tonight. (to invite)
‫اینبدی ہصح اور ااتتخؾ۔‬، ‫ اکی ومضمؿ ںیم مکاز مکنیتریپارگاػ وہےتںیہ۔اعتریف‬:‫ومضمؿ اگنری‬
Writing Speech Bubbles: Speech bubble is a
round shape next to the head of a character in a ‫اعتریف ریپے ںیم اکی ومضمؿ اک رمزکی ایخؽ وہات ےہ۔ اکی ومضمؿ اک رمزکی ہصح اعموؿ‬
cartoon. The character‟s words or thoughts are ‫الیصفتت رپ لمتشم وہات ےہ۔ ااتتخیم ریپا ومضمؿ ےک الخہص رپ لمتشم وہات ےہ۔ اس اک اکی ااتتخیم‬
written in it.
‫ی‬ ‫)اافلظںیمےنھکلےکاقلبوہاناچےیہ۔‬033‫ےس‬053(‫اہکین‬/‫ایبؿیھبوہاتےہ۔ابلطوکاکیومضمؿ‬
‫چیپس لبب اکروٹؿ ںیم یسک رسدار ےک رس ےک آےگ اکی لکش ےہ۔ رکدار‬:‫رقتریی بیلز انھکل‬ Onomatopoeia: Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech
‫ےکاافلظایایخالتاسںیمےھکلاجےتںیہ۔‬ in which words evoke the actual sound of the thing they
refer to or describe. Like the “boom” of a firework
Use of a Thesaurus: We can improve our
exploding, the “tick tock” of a clock, the “ding dong” of
vocabulary by using a thesaurus. A thesaurus is a a doorbell.
dictionary of words with same meanings /
synonyms or opposite meanings / antonyms. A ‫آون وٹیم ئ ئ‬
‫وصیترتبیکاکیانصعئودباعئےہسج ںیم اافلظ اس زیچیکالص آوازدیپارکےتںیہ۔‬: ‫پ‬
dictionary provides the definition of words while a ،‫ ڑھگی یک کٹ کٹ‬،‫سج اک وہ وحاہل دےتیںیہ ای ایبؿرکےتںیہ۔ ےسیج آشت ابزی ےک ےنٹھپ یک زیت آواز‬
thesaurus does not provide just definitions. ‫دروازےیکیٹنھگیکڈِگنڈِگن۔‬
‫ مہ زنکااغللت اک اامعتسؽ رکےک اےن ذریخہ اافلظ وک رتہب انبےتکسںیہ۔‬:‫ زنکااغللت اک اامعتسؽ‬EXAMPLE:
‫ت‬
‫ ھیئسارس (زنکااغللت)اافلظیکاکی تغلےہسج ںیماکی ےسیج اعمینای فلام اعمین واےل‬ Ducks quacked loudly as the boat splashed across
the lake.
‫ت‬
‫ اافلظ وہےتںیہ۔اکی تغلاافلظیک رعتفیرفامہ رکیت ےہ۔ بجہک اکی ھیئسارس رصػ‬ The chicken cubes are sizzling in the pan.
 Shiza heard a huge roar and she turned around and
‫رعتافیترفامہںیہنرکیت۔‬ saw there was a lion in a cage behind her.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH RULES FOR SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
‫بالواسطہیاوریبالواسطہیکالم‬ ‫فعلیحالیسادہیےکیلییقواعد‬
‫ر‬
Direct speech: When we want to describe what
Direct speech Indirect speech
someone said, one option is to use direct speech.
We use base form of We use simple past form
We use direct speech when we simply repeat what
verb. of verb.
someone says, putting the phrase between speech
‫مہلعفیکاینبدیافرؾاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬ ‫مہلعفامیضیکاینبدیافرؾاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬
marks:
‫ بج مہ یسک یک ابت وک ایبؿ رکان اچےتہںیہ وت اکی آنشپ رباہ رتس الکؾ اک‬:‫البواہطس الکؾ‬ Direct speech Indirect speech
‫اامعتسؽ رکان ےہ۔ مہ رباہ راتس الکؾ اک اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ بج مہ ضح یسک ےک ےہ وہےئ‬ He said, “I live into eh He said that he lived in
city center” the city center.
‫الکؾیکالعامتکےدرایمؿےلمجوکرےتھکوہےئ۔‬،‫اافلظوکدرہاےتںیہ‬ She said, “she always She said that she
Alina came in and said, “I‟m really hungry.” wears coat” always wore coat.
Indirect speech: When we want to report what He said, “his friend gives He said that his friend gave
him a bar of chocolate. him a bar of chocolate.
someone said without speech marks and without
Ayesha said, “I arrive Ayesha said that she
necessarily using the same words, we can use before you” arrived before you.
indirect speech (also called reported speech). Ayat said, “She does Ayat said that she did not
‫بجمہیسکیکابتیکالعامتےکریغباوررضوریوطررپویہاافلظاامعتسؽےیکریغباس‬:‫البواہطسالکؾ‬ not play football” played football
The policeman said to the The policeman asked the
)‫یکاالطعدانیاچےتہںیہوتمہابولاہطسالکؾاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔(ےسجروپرڈٹالکؾیھباہکاجاتےہ‬
boy, “where do you live?” boy where he lived.
 They say, “We have good classmates.” “What time does the train She asked at what
 Anum said, “They are enjoying the picnic.” arrive?” She asked. time the train arrived.
 Ali said, “I will teach you direct and indirect speech.”
STAR PLUS Publications 15 Class 8th
Rhetorical Questions: A rhetorical question is a Summary: A summary includes the main point of
question that does not have a real answer; we use each paragraph in the text.
them in persuasive speech and writing. We want ‫ اکیالہقحاکیرحػاکرحوػایااسیرگوہےہےسجاکیدورساظفل انبےنےکےیلظفلےکآرخ‬:‫الہقح‬
our listeners or readers to thing and reinforce our
‫ںیماگلای‬
point of view.
‫ مہ اںیہن‬،‫ اطخیتب وساؽ ااسی وساؽ ےہ سج اک الص ںیم وجاب ںیہن وہات‬:‫ اطخیتب وساالت‬Agreement of Pronouns with their
Antecedents: ‫اامسےئریمضیکاُؿےکرمعجریمضےساطمتقب‬
‫رتبیغ دےنی وایل وگتفگ ای رحتری ںیم اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ۔ مہ اچےتہںیہ ہک امہرے ےننس واےل ای‬
When we use a pronoun, we must make sure that it
‫ ڑپےنھواےلوغرورکفرکںیاورامہرےہطقنرظنوکزمدیوقتتیدںی۔‬agrees with its antecedent in number and gender.
EXAMPLE: Antecedent: An antecedent is a word or group of
 Don‟t you think about anyone other than words to which the following word, especially a
yourself? pronoun refers.
 How could anyone think that is fair? ‫بج مہ اکی امس ریمض اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ وتںیمہ ہی نیقی داہین رکینیل اچےیہ ہک ہی دعتادسنج ےک احلظ‬
 Who do they think they are?
‫ اکی رمعج ریمض ااسی ظفل اک رگوہ ےہ سج اک‬:‫ےس اےن رمعج ریمض ےس اطمتقب راتھک ےہ۔ رمعج ریمض‬
Silent Letter: A silent letter in a word is one that is
written but not pronounced, such as the „b‟ in „lamb‟. ‫دعبںیمآےنواالظفلوصخًاصاکیامسریمضوحاہلداتیےہ۔‬
‫ اکی ظفل ںیم ےب آواز رحػ ااسی رحػ ےہ ہک ےسج اھکل اجات ےہ نکیل زابؿ ےس ادا‬:‫ ےب آواز رحػ‬EXAMPLE:
‫‘ےہ۔‬b’‫‘ںیم‬lamb’ ‫ںیہنایکاجاتےسیج‬
 She took the paper and wrote a phone number on it.
In this sentence, “paper” is the antecedent of “it”.
Prefix: A prefix is a letter or group of letters that we
add at the start of a root word to change its meanings, Literary Texts: Literary texts usually contain
such as „un-„ in unhappy and „pre-„ in preheat. Common words and expressions that are often unusual in
prefixes include „mis-„, „pre-„, -un-„, „over-„. some way and are used to create a special effect in
‫ اسہقب اکی رحػ ای رحوػ اک رگوہ ےہ ےسج مہ ینعم دبتلی رکےن ےک ےیل اکی اینبدی‬:‫ اسہقب‬a piece of writing such as a poem, novel, play,
speech. Literary texts are often fiction but they can
‘pre-‫‘ںیم‬preheat’‫‘ےہاور‬un-‘‫‘ںیم‬unhappy’‫ ظفلےکرشوعںیماگلےتںیہ۔ےسیج‬also be non-fiction.
‫„اشلمےہ۔‬mis-„, „pre-„, -un-„, „over-„‫ ادیب نتم ومعًام اےسی اافلظ اور ایبانت رپ لمتشم وہےتںیہ وج ارثک یسک وطررپ الخػ ومعمؽ ‘ےہ۔اعؾاسوقبںںیم‬:‫ادیب نتم‬
Sufix: A suffix is a letter or group of letters added ‫رقتریےسیجرحتریےکاشاکہرںیماخصارثدیپارکےنےکےیل‬،‫ڈراےم‬،‫انوؽ‬،‫وہےتںیہاوراںیہنمظن‬
to the end of a word to make another word, such as
‫اامعتسؽیکاجاتےہ۔ادیبنتمومعًامااسفونیوہےتںیہنکیلوہہریااسفونییھبوہےتکسںیہ۔‬
„-ly‟ in quickly or „-ness‟ in sadness. Common
suffixes include „-ed‟, „-er‟, „-s‟, „-ful‟, „-ly‟, and so Syllable: A syllable is a part of a word that
on. Adding suffixes to words requires some contains a single vowel sound and is pronounced as
spelling changes also. a unit. For example: „book‟ has one syllable,
„wonder‟ has two syllables and „September‟ has
‫ اکی الہقح اکی رحػاکرحوػ ای ااسیرگوہ ےہ ےسج اکیدورساظفل انبےنےکےیلظفلےکآرخ‬:‫الہقح‬
three syllables.
„-‫– ےہ۔ اعؾ الوقحں ںیم‬ness ‫ ںیم‬sadness ‫– ےہ ای‬ly ‫ ںیم‬quickly ‫ںیم اگلای اجات ےہ ےسیج‬
‫اکی رنک ہملک ظفل اک ااسی ہصح ےہ سج ںیم اکی وادح یتلع آواز وہیت ےہ اور اےس‬:‫ُرنک ہملک‬
‫ اورایسرطحزمدیاشلمںیہ۔اافلظےکاسھتالوقحں‬ed‟, „-er‟, „-s‟, „-ful‟, „-ly‟
‫‘ ںیم اکی ُرنک ہملک‬book’ :‫اکی ااکیئ ےک وطررپ زابؿ ےس ادا ایک اجات ےہ۔ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ‬
‫اکااضہفرکےنںیمضعبوجہںوکدبتلیرکےنیکیھبرضورتوہیتےہ۔‬
‫‘ںیمنیتارنیکہملکںیہ۔‬September’ ‫‘ںیمدوارانیکہملکںیہاور‬wonder’،‫ےہ‬
Topic Sentence: Each paragraph has a topic
sentence. The topic sentence usually comes first. Argument: An argument is a statement or claim which is
However, the topic sentence can come at the end or supported with evidence to reach a conclusion.
even in the middle of a paragraph. The other ‫دوعیےہےسجےجیتنکتےنچنہپےکےیلوبثتےکاسھتوقتتیدی اجیت‬ٰ ‫ اکی دلیل اکیایبؿ ای‬:‫دلیل‬
sentences function as supporting details. ‫ےہ۔‬
‫رہریپارگاػںیماکیوموضاعیتہلمج وہاتےہ۔ وموضاعیتہلمج ومعًامےلہپآات‬:‫ وموضاعیت ہلمج‬For Example: Get up early in the morning. (claim)
‫ ےہ۔اتمہوموضاعیت ہلمج آرخ رپای اہیں کتہکریپارگاػ ےکوطسںیمیھب آاتکس ےہ۔درگی‬Because we have ample time available if we get up
early. (evidence)
‫ ےلمجاعموؿالیصفتتےکوطررپاکرزگاریرکےتںیہ۔‬Therefore, getting up early is good for you.
(conclusion)
STAR PLUS Publications 16 Class 8th
Process Writing: The process writing involves Capitalization: ‫بڑےیحروفیمییلکھنا‬
‫ر‬
effective planning, drafting and revision.  The first letter of sentences always capital, e.g. Man is
‫وسمدہاسزیاوررظناثیناشلمںیہ۔‬،‫یمیظنتاھکلیئںیمؤمرثوصنمہبدنبی‬:‫ یمیظنتاھکلیئ‬mortal. ‫اثمؽےکوطررپااسنؿافینےہ۔‬،‫ےلمجاکالہپرحػہشیمہڑباوہاتےہ‬
Planning: This stage requires a set of thinking  The first letter of a proper noun is always capitalized,
activities such as brainstorming, structuring mind e.g. We live in Pakistan.
maps, using a variety of graphic organizers, free ‫اثمؽےکوطررپمہاپاتسکؿںیمرےتہںیہ۔‬،‫امسرعمہفاکالہپرحػہشیمہڑبااھکلاجاتےہ‬
writing and note-talking.  The pronoun “I” is always capitalized, e.g. You and I
‫ فلتخم مسق ےک وصتریی اخےک‬،‫ اخہک انبان‬،‫اس رمےلح ںیم اامتجیع وغرورکف‬:‫وصنمہب دنبی‬ are friends.
‫اثمؽےکوطررپمتاورںیمدوتسںیہ۔‬،‫(ںیم)ہشیمہڑبااھکلاجاتےہ‬I‫اسریمض‬
‫ البفلکت اھکلیئ اور ولعمامت درج رکان یسیج رکفی رسرگویمں اک ٹیس دراکر وہات‬،‫اامعتسؽ رکان‬
 The names of days and months are always capital, e.g.
‫ےہ۔‬ We visited the zoo on Sunday. April comes after
Brainstorming: At this stage we think about a March.
topic and write down all the ideas as soon as they ‫رھ یک ریس‬، ‫ِدونں اور ونیہمں ےک انؾ ہشیمہ ڑبے ےھکل اجےتںیہ۔ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ مہ ےن اوتار وک ڑچای‬
come to mind. The focus is on generating ideas, not
‫یک۔ارپلیامرچےکدعبآاتےہ۔‬
on grammatical perfection. For example:
Brainstorming about the topic: „Is it necessary for a Parenthesis ( ): Parentheses are used to mark off
leader to be educated?‟ explanatory or non-essential information, e.g. A
hurricane (a very strong wind) can cause a lot of
‫اس رمےلح ںیم مہ اکی وموضع ےک ابرے ںیم وسےتچںیہ اور اُؿ بس‬:‫اامتجیع وغرورکف‬ damage.
‫ ایخالتوک اُیسوتق درج رکےتںیہوج یہنوہ امہرےذنہ ںیم آےتںیہ۔ اہیں وتہجایخالت‬،‫وقنیسرشتیحیایہریرضوریولعمامتیکاشندنیہرکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽایکاجاتےہ‬:‫وقنیس‬
‫رکےنرپوہیتےہہنہکرگارمئےکاحلظےسےببیعوہےنرپ۔‬ ‫اثمؽےکوطررپاکیوہااکوطافؿ(تہبزیتوہا)تہبزایدہاصقنؿاکببسنباتکسےہ۔‬
Structuring Mind Maps: In order to use mind
mapping, write the topic in the middle of a paper
and draw a circle around it. Then draw lines Exclamation Mark (!): An exclamation mark
coming out from the circle and write related ideas. is used after an interjection or an emotive
Finally, find out connections between the generated phrase, e.g. Hurrah! We won the match.
ideas. ‫اثمؽ‬،‫اجفہیئالعتماجفہیئےملکایاکیذجابیتزجوےلمجےک دعباامعتسؽیکاجیتےہ‬:‫اجفہیئالعتم‬
‫اخہک اامعتسؽ رکےن ےک ےیل اکذغ ےک وطس ںیم وموضع ںیھکل اور اس ےکاردرگد‬:‫اخےک انبان‬ ‫ےکوطررپآاہ!مہےنچیمتیجایل۔‬
‫ دارئے اگلںیئ۔ رھپ دارئے ےس ےنلکن وایل ریکلںی اگلںیئ اور ہقلعتم ایخالت ںیھکل ۔ آرخ ںیم‬Full Stop (.): We use a full stop at the end of a
‫ دیپاوہےنواےلایخالتےکدرایمؿقلعتدرایتفرکںی۔‬statement or an imperative sentence, e.g. They
are students. Follow my instructions.
Personal Pronouns: A word that is used in place of
a person‟s name is called a personal pronoun, e.g. I, we, ‫مہ اکی ایبؿ ای ارمو یہن واےل ےلمج ےک آرخ ںیم لف اٹسپ اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ۔‬:‫لف اٹسپ‬
you, he, she, they, it, me, us, them etc. Personal ‫وہہبلطںیہ۔ریمیدہاایترپلمعرکںی۔‬،‫اثمؽےکوطررپ‬
pronouns can be subjective pronouns and objective
pronouns. Apostrophe („): An apostrophe is a mark („).
It is often used with „s‟ to show that a thing or
‫ ریمض یصخشالہکات ےہ۔‬،‫اکی ظفل وج یسک صخش ےک انؾیک ہگج رپ اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ‬:‫امضرئ یصخش‬
person belongs to someone, e.g. Afzal‟s car is
،‫ ےھجم‬،)‫ ہی(ےب اجؿ ای اجونر‬،)‫ وہ(عمج‬،)‫ وہ(وعرت‬،)‫ وہ(رمد‬، ‫ مت‬،‫ مہ‬،‫ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ ںیم‬new.
‫افیلعامضرئاوروعفمیلامضرئوہےتکسںیہ۔‬،‫اُںیہنوہریہ۔امضرئیصخش‬،‫‘ ےک ںیمہ‬s’ ‫العِتم ارعاب اکی العتم ےہ۔ اےس ارثک ہی اظرہ رکےن ےک ےیل‬:‫العِتم ارعاب‬
Punctuation: Punctuation marks include ‫ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ الضف یک اکر‬،‫اسھت اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ ہک اکی زیچ ای صخش یسک یک تیکلم ےہ‬
capitalization, parenthesis, exclamation marks, full
stops, apostrophes, commas, semi-colons, colons, ‫یئنےہ۔‬
hyphens, dashes and quotation marks.
ِ :‫روم ِز اواقػ‬
،‫ لف اٹسپ‬،‫ اجفہیئ العتم‬،‫ وقنیس‬،‫العامت اواقػ ںیم ڑبے رحوػ ںیم انھکل‬
‫ڈشیاورواونیاشلمںیہ۔‬،‫اشنؿااحلؼ‬،‫وکنل‬،‫مینوہفق‬،‫وکام‬،‫العتمارعاب‬
STAR PLUS Publications 17 Class 8th
Comma (,): Quotation Mark (“ ”): Quotation marks show
A comma is used to show a slight pause. that words have been directly quoted. They are also
called speech marks, e.g. He said, “I‟ve been
‫اکاماکیوھچاٹوہفقاظرہرکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽایکاجاتےہ۔‬
working hard all day.”
Commas are used to separate words in a list,
‫واونیہیاظرہ رکیتےہ ہکاافلظاکالبواہطسوحاہل دای ایگےہ۔ وہوگتفگیک العتم‬:‫واونی‬
e.g. my brother brought milk, bread, eggs, and
butter. ‫ںیماسرادؿتنحماشہقرکاتراہوہں۔‬،‫یھبےتہکںیہ۔اثمؽےکوطررپُاسےناہک‬
‫ اثمؽ ےک‬،‫ اکےم اکی رہفتس ںیم اافلظ وک اگل رکےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ ےیک اجےت ںیہ‬Identifying a point of view: Point of view refers
to the method of narration used in a short story,
‫اڈنےاورنھکمرخدیا۔‬،‫رویت‬،‫وطررپریمےاھبیئےندودھ‬ novel or in a narrative poem. In a story told from
Commas are used to separate phrases, e.g. first person of view, the narrator is a character in
Mount Everest, the world‟s highest mountain, the story. Johan Lennon and Paul McCarthy wrote
was first climbed in 1953. the song, “In My Life” in the first person:
‫اکےمزجوولمجںوکاگلرکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽےیکاجےتںیہ۔اثمؽےکوطررپامؤٹن‬ ‫ انوؽ ای‬،‫ ہطقن رظن ےس رماد ایبؿ اک وہ رطہقی ےہ وج رصتخم اہکین‬:‫ہطقن رظن یک اشندنیہ رکان‬

‫ںیمیلہپرمہبتڑچاھیئیکیئگ۔‬3550‫داینیکدنلبرتنیاہپڑرپ‬،‫اویرٹس‬ ‫دااتسین مظن ںیم اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ۔ وادح ملکتم ےک ہطقن رظن ےس ایبؿ رکدہ اہکین ںیم‬
Commas are used to separate an introductory ‫راویاہکیناکاکیرکداروہاتےہ۔اجؿنمیلاوراپؽکیماکریھتےنوادمحملکتمںیماگان‬
word or phrase, e.g. Oh, that‟s a good idea. By ‫اھکلاھت"ریمیزدنیگںیم"۔‬
the way, where is your school?
These places I‟ll remember.
‫وکومں وک اکی اعتریف ظفل ای زجو ےلمج وک اگل رکےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ۔ اثمؽ‬ All my life some have changed.
‫آپاکوکسؽاہکںےہ؟‬،‫ہیاکیااھچایخؽےہ۔وےسی‬،‫اوہ‬،‫ےکوطررپ‬
The first person pronouns are: I, my, me, we, our,
Semi – colon (;): A semi-colon is used to us, myself and ourselves.
connect two complete sentences that are related, The third – person point of view belongs to the
e.g. Roses are red; violets are purple. people or person the narrator is referring to. Third
‫ دو لمکم ولمجں وک وج آسپ ںیم قلعت رےتھکںیہ ابمہ المےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ‬:‫ یمیس وکنل‬person pronouns: he, him, his, himself, she, her,
hers, herself, it, its, they, their, them and
‫ ےیکاجےتںیہ۔اثمؽےکوطررپالگبرسخںیہ؛یشفنبوھپؽاروغاینںیہ۔‬ourselves.
Colon (:): A colony introduces the information
،)‫ (امہرا‬our،)‫ (مہ‬we ،)‫ (ےھجم‬me ،)‫ (ریما‬my،)‫ (ںیم‬I :‫وادح ملکتم امضرئ ںیہ‬
that comes after it, e.g. I‟ll say this for him: he is
honest and hardworking. )‫(مہذباتوخد‬ourselves‫(ںیمذباتوخد)اور‬myself ،)‫(ںیمہ‬us
،‫اثمؽےکوطررپ‬،‫ وکنلایسیولعمامتاعتمرػرکوااتےہوجاسےکدعبآیتےہ‬:‫ وکنل‬Word Analogies: An analogy shows the
relationship between two objects or concepts using
‫وہاامیدناراوریتنحمےہ۔‬:‫ ںیماُسےکےیلہیوہکںاگ‬logic and reasoning. In other words an analogy is a
Hyphen (-): A hyphen is used to form compound comparison of two pairs of words that are related in
words that are made up of two or more words, e.g. I a similar way.
paid for two full – price tickets. ‫ے‬ ‫ ے‬Tree: leaf / flower: petal
‫ئف ی‬ ‫اکیاشمتہبقطنماورادتسالؽاکاامعتسؽرکےتوہےئدواایشایوصتراتےک ئف ی‬:‫ یظفاشمںیتہب‬
‫ اہ ن وک اےسی رمیبک اافلظانبےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ وج دو ای زایدہ اافلظ ےس‬:)-(‫اہ ن‬
‫اثمؽےکوطررپںیمےنوپریتمیقیکدووٹکٹںےکےیلادایگیئیک۔‬،‫درایمؿقلعتاظرہرکیتےہ۔دورسےوظفلںںیماشمتہباافلظےکدووجڑوںاکومازہنےہ لمرکےتنبںیہ‬
Dash(-): A dash is used to show that what follows ‫ڑھکنپی‬:‫وھپؽ‬/‫اتپ‬:‫درتخ‬:‫وجاکییہرطحےسقلعتموہےتںیہ۔اثمؽےکوطررپ‬
is a summary or contusion of what has gone before,
Fact and Opinion: A fact is based on
e.g. You have admitted that you lied to me – how
observation and research. A fact is, simply,
can I trust you again?
something that can be proven true or false.
‫ ڈشی ہی اظرہ رکےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ ہک وہ اس اک الخہص ای وچٹ ےہ وج‬:)‫ڈشی(۔‬
،‫ دیسیھ‬، ‫اکی تقیقح اشمدہے اور قیقحت رپ ینبم وہیت ےہ۔ اکی تقیقح‬:‫تقیقح اور راےئ‬
‫ اثمؽ ےک وطررپآپ ےن ارتعاػ ایک ےہ ہک آپ ےن ھجم ےس وھجٹ وبال۔ ںیم‬،‫زگر اکچ ےہ‬
‫وکیئایسیزیچوہیتےہوجچساثتبوہیتکسےہایطلغ۔‬،‫اسدی‬
‫ ےسیکآپرپدوابرہرھبوہسرکاتکسوہں؟‬Example: It is raining now.
STAR PLUS Publications 18 Class 8th
An opinion is based on one‟s feelings and thinking. An Might: We use „might‟ as the past tense of „may‟,
opinion is, simply, something that cannot be proven as We also use it when showing that something is or
true or false. Example: I think it is going to rain. was possible.
‫ایسیزیچوہیت‬،‫دیسیھاسدی‬،‫„ےکامیض ےک وطررپ اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ۔ مہ اےس اس وتق یھب اکیراےئیسکےکذجابتاوروسچرپینبموہیتےہ۔اکیراےئ‬may‟ ‫„ وک‬might‟‫مہ‬
‫ریماایخؽےہابرشوہےنوایلےہ۔‬:‫ےہوجچسایطلغاثتبںیہنیکاجیتکس۔اثمؽ‬ ‫اامعتسؽرکےتںیہبجہیاظرہرکےتںیہہکھچکےہاینکمماھت۔‬
Proverbs: Proverbs are old but familiar sayings  He said he might come tomorrow.
that usually give advice.  He might get there in time, but I can‟t be sure.
‫رضب االاثمؽ رپاین وہیت ںیہ نکیل اجین اچہپین ابںیت وہیت ںیہ وج اعؾ وطررپ‬:‫ رضب االاثمؽ‬Shall: We use „shall‟ with I and we for talking
‫ وشمرہدیتیںیہ۔‬about the future. We also use „shall‟ in questions
with I and we for making offers or suggestions or
Example: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. asking advice.
Paraphrasing: Paraphrasing is the rewording and
restating of text, i.e. prose or poem in one‟s own words. ‫اامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬shall‫ےکاسھت‬we‫اور‬I‫مہلبقتسمےکابرےںیمابترکےنےکےیل‬
The paraphrase of a poem is always in prose form.
‫ یھب اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ اور مہ شیپ شک‬shall ‫ ےک اسھت وساالت ےک ےیل‬we‫اور‬I ‫مہ‬
‫رشتحیووتحیضنتموکدوابرہرتبیتدانیاورےئنریپاےئںیم ایبؿرکانےہینعیی رایمظن‬:‫رشتحی‬
‫اامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬shall ‫رکےنایوشمرےدےنیایوشمرہامےنگنےکےیلیھب‬
‫وکاےناافلظںیمایبؿرکان۔اکیمظنیکرشتحیووتحیضہشیمہی ریکلکشںیموہیتےہ۔‬  We shall go to England in March.
Modal verbs: A modal verb is a type of auxiliary  Shall I send you the ice cream?
verb that is used to express: ability, advice, request, Must: We use „must‟ to say that something is very important.
possibility, permission or obligation. They are used ‫اامعتسؽرکےتںیہہکوکیئزیچتہبامہےہ۔‬must‫مہہیےنہکےکےیل‬
together with the main verb of the sentence. Modal
verbs are would, need, could, might, shall, must,  You must go to the bank and get some money.
ought and dare.  You must not say things like that.
Ought to: We use „ought to‟ to say what is the
،‫ ااکمؿ‬،‫ دروخاتس‬،‫ وشمرہ‬،‫ اکی ومڈؽ لعف اکی مسق اک اعموؿ لعف ےہ وج اقتیلب‬:‫اعموؿ ااعفؽ‬
right thing to do.
‫ااجزت ایذہم داریےک اراہرےک ےیل اامعتسؽ وہات ےہ۔ ہی ےلمج رمزکیلعف ےکاسھت اامعتسؽ وہات‬ ‫ وکہیےنہکےکےیلاامعتسؽرکےتںیہہکایکرکانحیحصےہ۔‬ought‫مہ‬
would, need, could, might, shall, must, ،‫ےہ۔ ومڈؽ ااعفؽ ںیم ںیہ‬  They ought to apologies.
‫ ۔‬dare‫اور‬ought  Such things ought not to be allowed.
Would: We use „would to say that something Dare: We use „dare‟ to say that someone is brave
happened often or regularly in the past. enough to do something. We also use „dare‟ to
persuade somebody to do something dangerous and
‫مہہیےنہکےکےیلاامعتسؽرکےتںیہہکامیضںیمارثکاباقدعیگےسھچکوہااھت۔‬
difficult.
 On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden.
 We would often have coffee together in winter. ‫„اامعتسؽرکےتںیہہکوکیئھچکرکےنےکےیلاکیفاہبدرےہ۔مہ‬dare‟‫مہہیےنہکےکےیل‬
 My father would take a nap daily. ‫„اکاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬dare‟‫یسکوکرطخانکاورلکشماکؾرکےنرپآامدہرکےنےئلیکیھب‬
Need not: We use „need‟ to express that  She said it as loudly as she dared.
something is / was not necessary.  So jump, then. I dare you.
‫ںیہناھت۔‬/‫„اکاراہررکےنےکےیلاامعتسؽرکےتںیہہکھچکرضوریےہ‬need‟‫مہرضورت‬
Abbreviation and Acronym: Is there a
 You needn‟t sit in the sun.
difference between an acronym and an
 You need not go there. abbreviation? The answer to this question is as
 Need we leave so soon? follows. An abbreviation is a short form of a word.
Could: We use „could‟ as the past tense of „can‟. We
An acronym is a word formed from the first letters
also use “could” to suggest something.
of the words that make up the name of something.
‫„ امیض ےک وطررپ اامعتسؽ رکےتںیہ۔ مہ ھچک وجتزی رکےن ےک ےیل‬can‟‫„وک‬could‟ ‫مہ‬
‫ ایک اکی رسانہیم اور اکی ففخم ںیم وکیئ رفؼ ےہ؟ اس وساؽ اک وجاب‬:‫ففخم اور رسانہیم‬
‫“وکاامعتسؽرکےتںیہ۔‬could”‫یھب‬
‫درج ذلی ےہ۔ففخم ظفل یک اکی رصتخم لکش ےہ۔ رسانہیم اکی ااسی ظفل ےہ وج اافلط ےک ےلہپ‬
 I could not hear what they were saying yesterday.
You could always try his home number. ‫رحوػےساتنبےہوجیسکزیچاکانؾانباتےہ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 19 Class 8th
Sentence Pattern: A sentence structure is how all the  Underline the stem words such as which who,
parts of a sentence fit together. Below we explain the when, where to identify the focus of the question.
rules for some types of sentence structures.
‫اہکںوساؽےکوفسکوکاچہپاننےہ۔‬،‫بک‬،‫امیٹساافلظوکاڈنرالنئرکںیےسیجہکوکؿ‬
‫اکی ےلمج یک استخ ہی وہیت ےہ ہک ےسیک ےلمج ےک امتؾ وصحں وک اجکی رکان ےہ۔ ےچین مہ ےلمج یک‬
 Below the underlined verb, write the name of the
‫اسوتخںیکھچکااسقؾےکےیلوقانینیکواضتحرکےتںیہ۔‬ tense, so that you may use the tense in the answer
1.SVO accordingly.
Subject + Verb + Object ‫ زامہن اک انؾ ںیھکل اتہک آپ اس ےک اطمقب وج اب ںیم انتؤ اک‬،‫زری طخ لعف ےک ےچین‬
Note: In this structure a verb must be transitive, means
a verb must have an object. Here the object is a direct ‫اامعتسؽرکںیکس۔‬
object.
Phrases: A phrase is two or more related
‫اساستخںیملعفدعتمیوہانرضوریےہسجاکبلطمےہہکاکیلعفےک‬:‫ ونٹ‬words that do not contain a subject or a verb.
‫ اسھتوعفمؽرضوروہ۔اہیںوعفمؽرباہراتسوعفمؽےہ۔‬The subject – verb pair is necessary to form a
sentence, e.g. „after lunch, „walking down the
2.SVOO
subject + verb + indirect object + direct object stairs‟, „as straight as an arrow‟ are phrases.
Note: A direct object is the object which the verb is ‫ اکی زجو ہلمج دو ای زادئ واہتسب اافلظ ںیہ نج ںیم اکی افلع ای اکی لعف ںیہن‬:‫زجوےلمج‬
action on. For example, “a book” in this sentence is
a direct object. An indirect object is the recipient of ‫ دورہپ‬،‫وہات۔ افلع لعف اک وجڑا اکی ہلمج انبےن ےک ےیلرضوری ےہ۔ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ‬
the direct object. ‫زجوےلمجںیہ۔‬،‫اانتدیساھےسیجاکیری‬،‫ڑیسویھںےسےچیناُرتان‬،‫ےکاھکےنےکدعب‬
Clauses: A clause is a group of words that
3.SVOC contains a subject and a verb that shows the action
Subject + Verb + Object + Complement or state of the subject, e.g. I read a story.
Note: A word or phrase, especially a noun, an There are two kinds of clauses: Independent and
adjective or an adverb, that is used after a dependent.
linking verb or a main verb is called a
‫ اکیڑبازجوہلمجاافلظاکااسیرگوہےہسجںیماکیافلعاوراکیلعف‬:‫ڑبےزجوےلمج‬
complement.
Finding & Making Keywords in ‫ اثمؽ ےکوطررپ ںیم اکی‬،‫وموجد وہات ےہ وج افلع یک اکروایئ ای احتل وک اظرہ رکات ےہ‬
Comprehension Questions ‫اہکینڑپاتھوہں۔وہآےئ۔‬
‫فہیمیسواالتیمییمطلوبہیالفاظییکیتالشیاورینشانیلگانا‬
‫ر‬
In order to answer the questions, you will first need Dependent Clauses: Dependent clauses are
to read each question carefully to find important also called subordinate clauses. They usually
keywords. Mark the keywords to understand the begin with words such as which, that, who,
question efficiently. when, if, before, unless etc.
‫ اتعب الکزز وک امتحت الکزز یھب ےتہکںیہ وہ اعؾ وطررپ اےسی اافلظ ےس وساالت ےک وجاابت دےنیےک ےیلآپ وک امہ دیلکی اافلظالتش رکےنےک ےیلےلہپ‬:‫اتعب الکزز‬
‫ رہ وساؽ وک وغر ےس ڑپانھ وہاگ۔ وساالت وک ؤمرث رطےقی ےس ےنھجم ےک ےیل بولطہب‬which, that, who, when, if, :‫رشوع وہیت ےہ ےسیج‬
‫اافلظوکاشنؿزدرکںی۔‬ before, unless
 Keywords you underline are usually nouns,
pronouns and verbs.
‫ریمضاورلعفوہےتںیہ۔‬،‫بولطہباافلظوجآپاڈنرالنئرکےتںیہوہاعؾوطررپامس‬
 Do not underline article (a, an, the) and
prepositions. Underline adjectives and
adverbs if necessary.
‫ وک اڈنرالنئ ہن رکںی۔ ارگ رضوری وہ‬prepositions‫( اور‬a, an, the)‫اضمنیم‬
‫وتتفصاورلعفوکاڈنرالنئرکںی۔‬
f
STAR PLUS Publications 20 Class 8th
Diphthong: Diphthong is a sound formed by the EXAMPLE:
combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in  The man with the hat had a bad apple.
which the sound begins as one vowel and moves  He eats the sweet treats.
towards another (as in coin, loud, and side). Adverb Phrase: An adverb phrase like an adverb
ِ ‫ دو علیی ئہ ایسی آواز ےہ وج اکی وادح رنک ہملک ںیم دو‬:‫دو علییے‬
‫رحوػ تلع ےک ازتماج ےس‬ adds something to the meaning (modifies) of verbs
or other adverbs in the sentence.
‫ سج ںیم آواز اکی رحػ تلع ےس رشوع وہیت ےہ اور دورسے یک رطػ‬،‫لیکشت اپیت ےہ‬
‫اکی قلعتم لعف اک زجو ہلمج اکی قلعتم لعف یک رطح ےلمج ںیم ااعفؽ ای درگی قلعتم ااعفؽ ےک‬
‫الؤڈاوراسڈیئ۔‬،‫اجیتےہ۔ےسیجوکنئ‬
‫ونعمںںیمھچکااضہفرکاتےہ۔‬
Triphthong: Triphthong is a union of three
vowels (letters or sounds) pronounced in one Adverb clause: An adverb clause is a group of
syllable (as in fire). Three written vowel characters words which contains a subject and predicate of its
representing the sound of a single vowel (as in b own, and does the work of an adverb.
eau). ‫قلعتملعفیکالکزاافلظاکااسیرگوہےہسج اکاانپافلعاوردنسماہیلوہاتےہاورہیاکیقلعتم‬
‫اکی ہس علیی ئہ نیت رحوػ تلع اک المپ ےہ ےسج اکی رنک ہملک ںیم ادا ایک‬:‫ہس علییے‬ ‫لعفیکرطحاکرزگاریرکاتےہ۔‬
ِ ‫ اجاتےہ(اسیجہک افرئ ںیم ےہ)۔ ےھکل وہےئ نیت رحوػ تلع وج اکی وادح‬Past Perfect Tense: This tense is used to
‫رحػ تلع یک‬
describe an action completed before a certain
)‫ آوازوکاظرہرکںی(اسیجہک ِ ئبو‬moment in the past, as:
Singular Noun: A singular noun is a noun that
‫لعف اک ہی زامہن ایسی اکروایئ وک ایبؿ رکےن ےک ےیل اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ وج امیض ںیم یسک اخص‬
shows only one person, animal, place or thing.
‫ہگجایزیچوکاظرہرکاتےہ۔‬،‫اجونر‬،‫وادحامسااسیامسےہوجرصػاکیصخش‬ :‫ےسیج‬،‫وتقےسےلہپلمکموہیئ‬
Plural Noun: A plural noun is a noun that shows a. We had stayed in the hotel.
two or more people, animals, places or things. b. I had never seen such beautiful scenery before.
If two actions happened in the past, this tense is
‫وہگجںایزیچوںوکاظرہرکاتےہ۔‬،‫اجونروں‬،‫ عمجامسااسیامسےہوجدوایدوےسزادئولوگں‬used for the action that happened earlier, as:
Alliteration: Alliteration is the use of same letter
‫ارگ امیض ںیم دو ااعفؽ روامن وہےئ وہں وت ہی لعف اک زامہن اےسی لعف ےئلیک اامعتسؽ ایک اجات ےہ وج‬
or sound at the beginning of words in a line of
poetry. :‫ےسیج‬،‫ًاتبسنےلہپواعقوہ‬
‫ رحیفتعنصاشرعییکاکیرطسںیماافلظےکآاغزںیماکییہرحػایآوازاکاامعتسؽےہ۔‬a. They had left for Kashmir before I came.
EXAMPLE: b. We had reached the school before the bell rang.
 The Pied Piper began playing his pipe again. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: This tense is
used for an action that began before a certain point
 Ben blew a big blue bubble with bubble gum
in the past and continued up to that time, as
Hyperbole: Hyperbole is figure of speech that
utilizes extreme exaggeration to emphasize a ‫لعفےکاسزامےنوکایسیاکروایئےک ےیلاامعتسؽایک اجاتےہوجامیضےکیسک وتقےسےلہپ‬
certain quality or feature. :‫ےسیجہک‬،‫رشوعوہیئاوراُسوتقکتاجریریہ‬
‫ ابمہغل آرایئ ایسی میلست دشہ انصعئ و دباعئ ےہ وج اکی اخص وخیب ای وصختیص رپزور دےنی ےک‬a. He had been living in Kashmir since 1947.
‫ ےیلااہتنیئابمہغلآزیمیوکربوےئاکرالیتےہ۔‬b. I had been attending the office for two days.
c. She had been practicing the verbs for three weeks.
EXAMPLE: d. Cool breeze had been blowing since morning.
 I have a million things to do. e. Laborers had been working in this mine for several
 This suitcase weighs a ton. years.
Capitonym: A Capitonym is a word whose meanings
Assonance: Assonance is the repetition of the changes when it is capitalize. They have the same
same or similar vowel sounds within words, spelling, but different meanings. Capitonym spelling
phrases or sentences. In assonance the words must lists can include nouns, verbs, or adjectives. A
be close enough for the repetition of the sound to Capitonym is a form of homographs. ‫ی ے‬
‫ن ئپ‬
be noticeable. ‫کی ئپی وٹ ی م ااسیظفلےہسجےکینعم دبتلیوہاجےت ںیہبج اےس ڑبے رحوػ ےساسھتاھکل اجات‬
‫ی ے‬
‫ن ئپ‬
‫ زجو ولمجں ای ولمجں ںیم اکی یہ ای اکی یسیج یتلع آوازوں یک‬،‫رحوػ تلع یک رکتار اافلظ‬ ‫ےہ۔اؿےکاکیےسیجےجہوہےتںیہنکیلاؿےکینعمفلتخموہےتںیہ۔کی ئپیوٹ ی مگنلیپسٹسل‬
‫ی ے‬
‫ن ئپ‬
‫رکتارےہ۔اوسیسنینںیماافلظوکاےنترقبیوہاناچےیہہکآوازیکرکتارامنایںوہاجےئ۔‬ ‫ااعفؽایاامسےئتفصاشلموہےتکسںیہ۔کی ئپیوٹ ی ممہاالماافلظیکاکیلکشےہ۔‬،‫ںیماامس‬
STAR PLUS Publications 21 Class 8th
Correlative Conjunctions: Correlative conjunctions Complex Sentence: A complex sentence consists of
work in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses. The one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
correlative conjunctions are either – or, neither – nor, ‫اکیدیچیپہہلمجاکیرمزکیالکزاوراکیایزادئرشموطالکززرپلمتشموہاتےہ۔‬
both – and, not only – but also, whether – or.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ‫بلواسطہیاوریبالواسطہیکالم‬
‫رفزیرایالکززوکابمہالمےنےکےیلوجڑوںیکوصرتںیماکرزگاریرکےتںیہ۔‬،‫مہیتبسنرحوػفطعاافلظ‬ Rules for Reporting Requests and Commands:
ُ
‫آایہک۔ای۔‬،‫ہنرصػ۔ہکلبیھب‬،‫دوونں۔اور‬،‫ںیہن۔ہنیہ‬،‫رھپ‬،‫ای‬،‫مہیتبسنرحوػفطعںیہ‬ ‫التجاؤیاوریاحکاماتییکیخییدینیےکیاصول‬
‫ر‬
Compound Preposition: A compound preposition In reporting commands and requests, the indirect speech
contains two or more prepositional words. e.g, aside from, is introduced by some verb expressing command and
next to, close to, apart from etc. request, as:
ِ ‫رحػ اجر ںیم دو ای زایدہ‬
‫ ےس اکی‬:‫رحوػ اجر ےک اافلظ وہےتںیہ۔ اثمؽ ےک وطررپ‬ ِ ‫ااکحامت اور ااجتلؤں یکربخ دےنی ںیم ولباہطسوگتفگ وک ھچک اےسی ااعفؽےک اسھت اعتمرػ رکواای اجات ےہ اکی رمیبک‬
‫العوہوہریہ۔‬،‫رقبی‬،‫رقبی‬،‫رطػ‬ :‫اورااجتلوکاظرہرکےتںیہ۔ےسیج‬، ‫وجخ‬
Prepositional Phrase: A prepositional phrase always (i) Ali said to Rahil, “Do the exercise.”
starts with a preposition and functions as an adjective phrase Ali ordered Rahil to do the exercise.
or adverb phrase. A prepositional phrase has a noun or a (ii) He said to Anny, “Give me your pen, please.”
pronoun which acts as the object of preposition. He requested Anny to give him her pen.
ِ ‫رحػاجراکزجوہلمجہشیمہ‬
‫رحػاجرےسرشوعوہاتےہاوراکیامستفصےکزجوےلمجایقلعتم‬ ِ ‫اکی‬ (iii) “Call the criminal”, said the policeman.
The policeman commanded to call the criminal.
ِ ‫لعفےکزجوےلمجےکوطررپاکرزگاریرکاتےہ۔‬
‫رحػاجرےکزجوےلمجںیماکیامسایامسریمضوہات‬ (iv) Alia shouted, “Let me go.”
‫ےہوجرحػاجرےکوعفمؽےکوطررپاکؾرکاتےہ۔‬ Alia shouted to let her go.
Sensory Language: Sensory Language is the words of (v) Teacher said, “Be quiet and listen to me.”
phrases that connect to the five senses. Such words help to Teacher told them to be quiet and listen to him.
describe what you see, hear, smell, touch and taste. Exclamatory Sentences in reported speech
‫ایسحیت زابؿ اےسی اافلظ ای زجو ےلمج ںیہ وج اپچن وصحں ےس واہتسب وہےت ںیہ۔ اےسی اافلظ ایبؿ‬ ‫بلواسطہیکالمیمییفجائیہیجمےل‬
‫ر‬
‫ی‬ An exclamatory sentence expresses state of joy, sorrow
‫نگپ‬
‫وھچےتںیہاورےتھکچںیہ۔‬،‫وس ھےںیہ‬،‫ےتنسںیہ‬،‫ رکےنںیمدمددےتیںیہوجآپدےتھکیںیہ‬or wonder, to change them into indirect speech, specific
Transitive Verb: A transitive verb is a verb that words are added to the sentence i.e. exclaimed with joy,
denotes an action which passes over from the subject to exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with wonder etc.
an object. ‫مغایبجعتیکتیفیکاکاراہررکاتےہ۔اںیہنولباہطسالکؾںیمدبتلیرکےنےک‬،‫اکیاجفہیئہلمجوخیش‬
‫دعتمیلعفاکیلعفےہوجایسیاکروایئوکاظرہرکاتےہوجافلعےسوعفمؽیکرطػلقتنموہیتےہ۔‬
‫ بجعت ےس اکپرا‬،‫ مغ ےس اکپرا‬،‫ےیل ےلمج ںیم وصخمص اافلظ اک ااضہف ایک اجات ےہ ینعی وخیش ےس اکپرا‬
Intransitive Verb: An intransitive verb is a verb that
denotes an action which does not pass over to an object. ‫وہریہ۔‬
‫اکیالزؾلعفاکیلعفےہوجایسیاکروایئوکاظرہرکاتےہوجیسکوعفمؽرپلقتنمںیہنوہیت۔‬ Examples:
Adjective phrase: An adjective phrase acts like an i. She said, “Hurrah! I won the match.”
adjective in a sentence. Like an adjective it modifies a She exclaimed with joy that she won the match.
noun or pronoun. ii.Amir said, “Alas! I failed in exam.”
‫ امستفصاکزجوہلمجےلمجںیماکیامستفصیکاکرزگاریرکاتےہ۔امستفصیکرطحہییسکامسای‬Amir exclaimed with sorrow that he failed in the exam.
‫ امسریمضےکونعمںںیمرتمیمرکاتےہ۔‬Proofreading and Editing ‫ایطلغںاکنانلاورحیحصترکان‬
Adjective Clause: An adjective clause is a group Proofread and edit texts of your peer to remove
of words which contains a subject and a predicate errors of:
of its own and does the work of an adjective. ‫اےن اسیھتےکنتمیکایطلغںاکنںیلاورحیحصترکںی اتہکاےسدرجذلیاابتعرےسویطلغںےساپک‬
‫امستفصاک ڑبازجو ہلمجاافلظاک ااسیرگوہ ےہسجںیم اساک اانپافلعاور دنسماہیل وہاتےہاور‬ ‫ایکاجےکس۔‬
‫ ہیاکیامستفصاکاکؾرکاتےہ۔‬ Sentence structure ‫ےلمجیکاستخ‬
Simple sentence: A simple sentence is one which  Reference words, connectives / transitional devices.
has one subject and one predicate.
ِ ،‫رطبدیپارکےنواےلاافلظےسیجامضرئ‬
‫رحوػفطعاورلسلستدیپارکےنواےلاافلظ‬
‫اسدہہلمجااسیہلمجےہسجںیماکیافلعاوراکیدنسماہیلوہاتےہ۔‬
Compound sentence: A compound sentence  Subject / verb agreement ‫لعفیکاطمتقب‬/‫افلع‬
connects two or more independent clauses, by a
coordinating conjunction or semicolon.
 Punctuation and spelling ‫رومزاواقػاورےجہ‬
ِ ‫اکی رمیبک ہلمج دو ےس زادئ ہری رشموط الکزز وک اکی ہری یتحت‬
‫رحػ فطع ای العِتم مین وہفق یک دمد‬  Noun / Pronoun agreement ‫امسریمضںیماطمتقب‬/‫امس‬
‫ےسابمہالماتےہ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 22 Class 8th
STORIES
1. A Thirsty Crow)‫(اکیایپاسّوکا‬
Once upon a time, a crow felt thirsty ( ‫) پیا سا‬. He flew here and there in search (‫ ) تال ش‬of water but all in
vain. At last, he reached a garden. He saw a pitcher (‫ )گھڑا‬of water lying under a tree. The water was very low in it.
His beak (‫ )چو نچ‬could not reach water. He was disappointed (‫ ) ها یو ض‬and he began to think for his life. Suddenly,
he saw a heap (‫ ) ڈھیس‬of pebbles (‫ )کنکسوں‬lying at some distance ( ‫) فاصلہ‬. He put a few of them into the pitcher.
The water rose up (‫ ) اوپس ا ُ ٹھا‬a little. Then he threw some more pebbles. The water rose up to the brink. He drank
water to his fill, felt happy, and flew away.
Moral: 1. Necessity is the mother of invention.
2. God helps those who help themselves. 3. No pain, no gain
4. There is no end of struggle. 5. Try try again.
6. Where there is a will, a way/He seeks finds.
‫وہابغکتاچنہپ۔اسےن داھکیہکاپیناکاکیڑھگادرتخےکےچینڑپاےہ۔اسںیم‬،‫اکیوکےوکایپسوسحمسوہیئ۔وہاپینیکالتشںیماہیںواہںاڑارگمےبوسد۔آرخاکر‬،‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہ‬
‫اسےنداھکیہکرکنکوںاکڈریھھچکافےلصرپڑپاےہ۔اسےناؿںیمےسھچکرکنکوںوک‬،‫اپینتہبمکاھت۔اسیکوچچن اپینکتہنچنہپیکس۔وہامویسوہارک اینپزدنیگےکابرےںیموسانچرشوعرکدای۔ااچکن‬
‫وخیشوسحمسیکاوراُڑایگ۔‬،‫ڑھگےںیمڈاؽدای۔اپینوھتڑااساورپااھٹ۔رھپاسےنھچکاوررکنکایںاسںیمکنیھپدںی۔اپیناورپداہےنکتآای۔اسےنیجرھبرکاپینایپ‬

2. A Strange Hen)‫(اکیبیجعرمیغ‬
Once upon a time, a poor man lived in a village. Once, he bought (‫ )خسیدا‬a chicken (‫)چو شہ‬. As it became
young, it began to lay (‫ )دینا‬an egg of solid (‫ )ٹھوض‬gold daily. He sold it at a high price daily. Within a few weeks,
he grew very rich. He was respected (‫ )احتسام‬everywhere but his wealth made him greedier (‫)اللچ‬. He decided
(‫ )فیصلہ‬to grow rich overnight (‫)زاتوں زات‬. One evening, he killed the hen. He opened her belly (‫ )هعدہ‬and looked
for the eggs. But he was sad (‫ )افسوض‬to find no egg in the belly. He wept and repented (‫ )توبہ‬of his folly but the
time had passed. He could get neither the hen nor the eggs.
Moral: 1. Greed is a curse 2. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
3. Haste makes waste. 4. All covet, all lose.
5. A bird in hand in worth two in the bush.
‫اسےنروزاہنوسےناکاڈنہدانیرشوعایک۔اسےنروزاہناڈنےوکزایدہتمیقرپ‬،‫اسےناکیوچزہرخدیا۔ےسیجےسیجوہرمیغیتنبیئگ‬،‫اکیرغبیآدیماکیاگؤںںیمراتہاھت۔اکیدہعف‬،‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہ‬
‫اسےنرمیغوکذ حرکڈاال۔اسےن‬،‫انچیبرشوعرکدای۔ھچکوتفہںںیموہتہباریموہایگ۔وہرہہگجزعمزاھتنکیلاسےکامؽےناےسالچلںیمالتبمرکدایاس ےنراوتںراتاریموہےناکہلصیفایک۔اکیاشؾ‬
‫رمیغاکٹیپوھکالاوراڈنوںیکالتشرشوعرکدینکیلوہٹیپںیماڈنہ ہنےنلمرپارسفدہاھت۔وہروایاوراینپامحتقرپاتھچپاینکیلابوتقزگرایگاھت۔اُےسابہنوترمیغلمیکسیھتہنیہاڈنے۔‬

3. The Fox and the Grapes)‫(ولڑماوراوگنر‬

Once a fox (‫ )ولڑم‬felt very hungry (‫)وھبک یگل‬. He went out in search of (‫ )التش ںیم‬food. At last, he reached
a garden. He saw some grapes (‫ )اوگنر‬hanging (‫ )ےکٹل وہےئ‬very high. He wanted to get them. So he jumped (‫)االھچ‬
at them. He tried again and again but failed to reach them. The grapes were there but he could not get
them. At last, he gave up (‫ )رتک رکان‬the attempt (‫)وکشش‬. He was very sad. He left the garden, saying, “The
grapes are sour (‫“ )ےٹھک‬I must not eat them.”
Moral:
1. People pretend to dislike what they cannot get
2. Grapes are sour.
3. When a man cannot get a thing, he says that he does not want it.
‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہ اکیولڑمتہبیہوھباکاھت۔اسےناھکےنیکالتشرشوعیک۔آرخاکروہاکیابغںیماچنہپ۔اسےنھچکاوےچنےکٹلوہےئاوگنردےھکیوہاںیہناحلصرکاناچاتہ‬
‫اھت۔اسےناانلھچرشوعایکاسےنابرابروکششیکنکیلاناکؾراہ۔اوگنرواہںوموجدےھتنکیلوہاںیہناحلصہنرکاکس۔آرخاکراسےناینپوکششرتکرکدی۔وہتہبدیھکاھت۔وہابغےس‬
‫ابرہالچایگاورےنہکاگلاوگنرتہبےٹھکںیہںیماںیہنںیہناھکؤںاگ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 23 Class 8th
4. The Fox and the Crow)‫(ولڑمیاورّوکا‬
Once upon a time, there was a hungry fox. He was going about in search of food. Suddenly, he saw a crow
on a tree. It had a piece of cheese in its beak. Seeing the piece, his mouth began to water. He made a plan to snatch
the piece. He sat under the tree and said to the crow, “what a fine bird you are! Your eyes and feathers are very
beautiful. Your voice will also be very sweet. I shall be thankful to you if you kindly sing a song for me.”
The crow was much pleased to hear its own praise. It opened its beak to sing. The piece of cheese fell
down. The cunning fox, at once, picked it up and said, “Thank you Mr. Crow. See you next time. Good bye.”
Moral: 1. Don‟t be fooled by flattering.
5. A Hare and a Tortoise)‫(اکیرخوگشاوروھچکا‬
Once upon a time, there lived a hare and a tortoise in a jungle. They were fast friends. The hare
often made fun (‫ )هراق‬of the tortoise for his slow speed. The tortoise could not bear (‫ )بسداشت‬this insult
(‫)بےعصتی‬. One day, he challenged the hare to run a race. They fixed the top (‫ )اوپس‬of a hill as the winning
post. On the fixed day, the race started. The hare ran fast and disappeared (‫ )اجھل‬from the sight (‫)نظسوں‬.
On the way, he thought that the tortoise would be far behind (‫)پیچھے‬. He sat under a shady (‫ )سایہ داز‬tree
and fell fast asleep (‫)سو جانا‬. On the other hand, the tortoise did not lose heart (‫)دل‬. He went on moving
slowly but steadily (‫)هسلسل‬. He saw the hare sleeping. He passed by him silently (‫ )خاهوشی‬and reached the
winning post. When the hare woke up, it was getting dark. He again ran as fast as he could. When he
reached the winning post, his rival was already sitting there. He was badly defeated (‫)شکست‬.
Moral: 1. Pride hath a fall. 2. Never make fun of other
3. Nothing succeeds like success. 4. Slow and steady wins the race.
‫اکی دہعف اک ذرک ےہ اکی لگنج ںیم رخوگش اور وھچکا رےتہ ےھت۔وہ رتہبنی دوتس ےھت۔رخوگش ارثک اینپ زیت راتفری یک وہج ےس وھچکے اک ذما ؼ اڑاای رکات اھت۔وھچکا ہی وتنیہ‬
‫ربداتشںیہنرکاتکساھت۔اکیدؿاسےنرخوگش وکدوڑاگلےن ےکےئلجنلیچایک۔اوہنںےنتیجاکوپاٹنئا کیاہپڑییکوچیٹرپرقمرایک۔اکیرقمرہدؿےس آاغزایک۔رخوگشزیتیےس‬
‫وھچکےےندؽہن اہرا۔وہآہتسہآہتسہ‬،‫وہ وسےنچاگلہکوھچکاتہبےھچیپرہایگےہ۔وہاکیاسہیداردرتخےکےچیناھٹیباور وسایگ۔دورسیرطػ‬،‫اھباگاوررظنوںےسالھجوہایگ۔راےتسںیم‬
‫نکیل لقتسموطررپآےگ یکرطػڑباتھ راہ۔ اس ےن داھکی ہکرخوگشوس راہ ےہ۔ وہ اخومیش ےساسےک اپس ےس زگر ایگاور تیجوایل ہگج رپ چنہپ ایگ۔ بجرخوگش دیبار وہاوتادنریھا وہراہ‬
‫اھت۔وہرھپےسسجدقرزیتیےساھبگاتکساھتاھباگ۔بجوہتیجوایلہگجرپاچنہپوتوھچکاےلہپےسیہواہںوموجداھت۔اےسربیرطحےستسکشوہیئ ۔‬

6. A Foolish Stag )‫(اکیےبووقػابرہاھگنس‬

Once, a stag (‫ )ابرہ اھگنس‬felt thirsty. He went to a pond (‫ )التب‬to drink water. He saw his reflection (‫)سکع‬
in the clear water. He felt very happy to see his beautiful horns (‫)گنیس‬. He began to admire (‫ )وخش‬them.
Then he also saw his thin and lean (‫ )دیلبومیٹ‬legs. He was sad to have so beautiful horns with so ugly (‫)دبوصرت‬
legs. Soon, he saw two hounds running towards him. He ran to save his life. He ugly legs carried him far
away from the hounds. He tried to hide (‫ )اپھچان‬himself in the bushes (‫)اھجڑایں‬. His horns were caught up (‫)سنھپ‬
in them. He tried to free himself but in vain. In the meantime, the hounds overtook him and tore him into
piece.
Moral: 1. God has made nothing useless. 2. All that glitters is not gold.
3.Appearances are often deceptive. 4. Handsome is that handsome does.
‫ی‬
‫ھ‬ ‫سیگ‬
‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہ ابرہ ےوکایپسوسحمس وہیئ۔وہاپینےنیپےکےئلاکیالتبےک اپسایگ۔اسےن اصػاپینںیماانپسکعداھکی۔اےساےنوخوصبرتگنیسدھکیرکتہبوخیشوہیئ۔وہاؿیکرعتفی‬
‫ اس ےن داھکی ہک دو ےتک اس یک رطػ دوڑ رےہ ںیہ۔وہ اینپ اجؿ‬، ‫رکےن اگل۔رھپ اس ےن اینپ دیلب یلتپ اٹںیگن یھب دںیھکی ۔ اےس اینت دبوصرت اٹوگنں ےک اس ھت وخوصبرت گنیس وہےن اک دھک وہا ۔ دلج یہ‬
‫اچبےنےکےئلاھباگ۔اسیکدبوصرتاٹںیگناےساؿوتکںےسدورےلیئگ۔اسےنوخدوکاھجڑویںںیماپھچےنیکوکششیک۔اسےکگنیساھجڑویںںیمسنھپےئگ۔اسےنوخدوکآزادرکےنیکوکشش‬
‫اسرپاکشریوتکںےنآرکاسےکڑکٹےڑکٹےرکدےی۔‬،‫یکنکیلاکیبرریہ۔ایساانثءںیم‬
STAR PLUS Publications 24 Class 8th
7. The Wolf and the Lamb)‫(ڑیھبایاورہنمیم‬
Once it was a hot summer day. A wolf felt thirsty. He went to a stream to quench his thirst. He saw
a lamb drinking water down the stream. His mouth watered at the thought of eating the lamb. The wolf hit
upon an excuse to pick a quarrel with lamb. He said to the lamb. “You are making my drinking water
dirty.” The lamb replied, “Sir, how can I make your water dirty when I am downstream and you are
drinking upstream?”. “Sir, how can I make your water dirty when I abused me last year.” The lamb
laughed and replied, “Sir, I was not even born then. I am only six months old. How did I abuse you last
year?” This annoyed the wolf even more. He was getting impatient to kill the lamb. “Then it must have
been your father or mother.” He said and ran towards the lamb. He sprang upon the poor lamb and ate
him up.
‫ی‬ ‫ی‬
‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہہکوممسرگاماکاکیرگؾدؿاھت۔اکیڑیھبےیوکایپسیگل۔وہاینپایپساھجبےناکیدنیرپایگ۔اُسےندنیےکاہبؤےکاسھتاکیمپمیےوکاپینےتیپوہےئداھکی۔مپمیےوکاھکےن‬
‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ی‬
‫ےک وصتر ےس اُس ےک ہنم ںیم اپین رھب آای۔ مپمیے ےک اسھت ڑگھجا رکےن اک اکی اہبہن ڑیھبےی ےک ذنہ ںیم آای۔ اُس ےن مپمیے ےس اہک "مت ریمے ےنیپ ےک اپین وک دنگا رکرےہ وہ۔" مپمیے ےن وجاب‬
‫دای"انجبںیماپینوکدنگاےسیکرکاتکسوہںہکبجںیموتدنی ےکاہبؤےکیلچناجبنوہںاورآپاورپیکاجبناپینیپرےہںیہ؟"اسابتےنڑیھبےیوکانراضرکدای۔اُسےندوابرہاہک"متےنےلھچپ‬
‫ی‬
‫ںیموترصػھچامہاکوہں۔"اسابتےسڑیھبایاورانراضوہایگ۔وہمپمیےوکامرےنےکےیلےبنیچ‬،‫"انجببتوتںیمدیپایھبہنوہااھت‬،‫اسؽےھجماگایلںدیںیھت۔"انمیماسنہاوراُسےنوجابدای‬
‫ی چ ن‬ ‫ی‬
‫وہراہاھت۔"رھپوہرضوراہمتراابپایاہمتریامںوہیگ۔"اُسےنہیاہکاورمپمیےیکرطػدوڑا۔وہاچیبرےمپمیےرپ ھییااوراُےساھکایگ۔‬
‫ربایئرپآامدہصخشوکوکیئومعقلمیہاجاتےہ۔‬ :‫االخیققبس‬

8. An old man and his Sons)‫(اکیوبڑاھصخشاوراسےکےٹیب‬

Once upon a time, there lived an old man. He had three sons. They always quarreled (‫ )جھگڑا‬with one
another. The old man was greatly worried (‫)پسیشاى‬. He advised them to live in unity (‫ )اتحاد‬but in vain (‫)بیکاز‬. One
day, he invited (‫ )بالنا‬them all. He gave them a bundle of sticks. He ordered them to break it. All the sons tried to
break it but failed. Now the old man untied (‫ )هتحد‬the bundle. He asked them to break the sticks one by one. They
broke them easily. He said to them, “The sticks were strong when tied together but they were weak when untied.
You will also be weak if you are not united.” The advice bore fruit (‫ )نتیجہ‬and the sons never quarreled after them.
Moral: 1. Union is strength. 2. Be united. 3. United we stand, divided we fall.
‫اکیوبڑاھآدیمراتہاھت۔اسےکنیتےٹیبےھت۔وہہشیمہاکیدورسےےسڑگھجےترےتہےھت۔وبڑاھآدیمتہبرپاشیؿاھت۔اسےناےنوٹیبںوکوشمرہدایہکوہااحتدےس‬،‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہ‬
‫دایہکاےسوتڑدو۔بسوٹیبںےناےسوتڑےنیکوکششیکنکیلاناکؾرےہ۔ابوبڑےھےنڈنبؽااھٹک‬، ‫رںیہنکیلاکیبر۔اکیدؿاسےنبسوکدموعایک۔اسےناںیہنالویھٹںاکاھٹگدای۔اس ےناںیہنخ‬
‫"بجاھٹگ دنباھ وہا اھت وتوبظمط اھتنکیل اگل اگل رکےنرپ وہ ھٹوزمور وہیئگ۔ ارگ‬، ‫ایک۔اسےن اؿ ےس اکی اکی رکےک الیھٹوتڑےنوک اہک۔اوہنںےن اےسآاسین ےسوتڑ دای۔وبڑےھ آدیمےن اؿ ےساہک‬
‫آپدحتمںیہنوہےئوتآپیھبوزموروہاجںیئےئگ۔اسوشمرےےسہیہجیتنالکنہکدعبںیماؿےکوٹیبںاکوکیئڑگھجاہنوہا۔‬

9. A Friend in Need is a Friend in Deed)‫(دوتسیہرضورتےکوتقدوتسےکاکؾآاتےہ‬

Once upon a time, two friends set out on a journey. They had promised to help each other through thick
and thin. They had to cross a jungle. Suddenly, they saw a bear coming towards them. They were frightened. One
of them, at once, climbed up a tall tree. The other did not know how to climb up a tree. He had heard that the bear
does not harm a dead person. He lay down on the ground and held his breath. The bear sniffed him, took him for
dead, and ran away. Then the other friend came down the tree and asked him as a joke what the bear had said in
his ear. He replied that the bear advised him not to trust a selfish person.
Moral: 1. It is bad to be selfish. 2. A friend in need is a friend in deed.
3. Adversity is the decisive test of true friendship.
4. Fair weather friends leave in the lurch.
‫اکی ابر دو دوتس رفس رپ رواہن وہےئ ۔اوہنں ےن ودعہ ایکاھتہک یسک یھب لکشم احالت ںیم وہ اکی دورسے یک دمد رکںی ےگ۔اںیہن اکی لگنج ےس زگران ڑپا۔ ااچکن اوہنں ےن داھکی ہک اکی‬
‫رھچیاؿیکرطػآراہ ےہوہ وخزفدہوہےئگ۔اؿںیمےساکیدوتسااچکن اکیےبملدرتخرپڑچھایگ۔دورسےوکدرتخرپڑچےنھاکرطہقیںیہنآاتاھت۔اسےنانس اھتہکرھچییسکرمدہصخشوکاصقنؿ‬
‫اےسرمدہھجمسرکالچ ایگ۔رھپدورسادوتسدرتخےسےچینآایاوردورسےدوتسےسذماؼےکوطررپوپاھچہکرھچیےناکؿںیم‬،‫ںیہناچنہپات۔وہزنیمرپٹیلایگاوراسسنروکایل۔رھچیےناُےسوساھگن‬
‫ایکاہکےہ۔اسےنوجابدایہکرھچیےناےستحیصنیکےہہکوہوخدرغضصخشرپرھبوہسہنرکے۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 25 Class 8th
10. Honesty is the best Policy )‫(اامیدناریرتہبنیاپیسیلےہ‬
Once upon a time, a woodcutter was cutting trees just near a river. By chance, his axe fell into the river. He was
very poor. He began to weep. Suddenly, an angel appeared there. He asked him the cause. The woodcutter told the
completely sad story. The angel took pity on him. He dived into the river. He returned with an axe of gold. The
woodcutter said, “It is not mine.” The angel again brought a silver axe. The poor woodcutter did not take it. The
angel brought an iron axe for the third time. The honest woodcutter said, : Yes, here it is mine.” The angel was
much pleased. He gave all the axes to the woodcutter. It was reward for his honesty.
Moral: 1. Honesty is the best policy. 2. Honesty always pays.
‫اکیدہعفاکیڑکلاہرادرایےکرقبیدرتخاکٹراہاھت۔ااچکناُساکاہلکڑادرایںیماجرگا۔وہتہبرغبیاھت۔دوروےنگلایگ۔ااچکنواہںاکیرف ہتومنداروہا۔اُسےناُسےسروےنیکوہجوپ۔یھ۔ڑکل‬
‫اہرے ےن اُےسامتؾ اہکین انسدی۔رفےتش وک اُسرپرمح آایگ۔ اُس ےن درای ںیم وغہطاگلای اوروسےن ےک اکیاہلکڑے وک ابرہ الای۔ ڑکلاہرےےناہک "ہیریما ںیہن ےہ۔" رف ہتدوابرہ اچدنیاک اہلکڑا الای۔رغبی‬
‫ے‬
‫دی۔ ہی اُسیک‬‫ " اہں ! ہی ریما ےہ۔" رف ہت اس ےس تہب وخش وہا اور اُےس اسرے اہلکڑے دے ئ‬:‫ڑکلاہرے ےن ہی اہلکڑا ےنیل ےس یھب ااکنر رکدای۔ رف ہت ولےہ اک اکی اہلکڑا الای۔ اامیدنارڑکلاہرے ےن اہک‬
‫اامیدناریاکہلصےھت۔‬

11.The Farmer and the Snake)‫(اسکؿاوراسپن‬

One early winter morning, a farmer was going to his fields. On his way along the dusty road,
suddenly, he saw a small snake stiffened with cold. The farmer took pity on it. He picked it up carefully
with a stick, put in a jar and brought home. He placed it near the fire. The farmer’s younger son was
also sitting nearby. When the snake got some warmth of the fire, it started to uncoil and move about.
When it saw the boy playing near, it rushed at him. The snake was about to bite the boy when the
farmer saw it. He instantly picked up the stick and killed the snake. Then he realized, through the nature
cannot be changed; he should have killed the snake as soon as he had seen it in the fields. He thanked
God for saving his son’s life.
Moral: Nature cannot be changed
12.Once a liar , Always a Liar )‫ہشیمہوھجاٹیہوہاتےہ‬،‫(اکیابراکوھجاٹ‬
Once there lived a boy. He lived in a small village. He took his sheep to a nearby jungle for
grazing every day. One day he thought of a mischief. He climbed up a tree and shouted. “Help! Help! A
wolf is coming.” The villagers rushed to his help. They found no wolf there. The boy laughed at them.
He said that he had cried for the sake of fun. The villagers went back. On another day, he repeated the
same joke. The villagers again came to help him. They found no wolf. They got angry and promised
never to help the boy. One day a wolf actually came there. The boy shouted for help No one came to
his help. The wolf killed him and his sheep.
Moral: 1. Once a liar always a liar.
13.Do Not Keep A Bad Company
Once upon a time, a man had only one son. He was very pretty, obedient and intelligent. He was
getting education with a great interest. Unfortunately, he picked up bad company. He used to wander
aimlessly and paid little attention to his studies. His father was much worried about him. He advised him
to give up the bad company but all in vain. One day, he hit upon a good plan. He brought a basket of
ripe apples. He put a rotten apple into the basket. The basket was put into a cupboard. After a few days,
the basket was taken out. His son was surprised to see that all the apples were spoiled. His father said
to him, “Just as one rotten apple has spoiled the apples of the whole basket; similarly the bad company
will also spoil you.” These words had a deep effect on his son. He gave up the bad company and
devoted himself to his studies whole-heartedly.
Moral: 1. Better alone than in bad company 2. Avoid bad company
STAR PLUS Publications 26 Class 8th
14.Do good have good )‫(اسیجرکوےگواسیرھبوےگ‬
Once a bee fell into a pond. It was going to be drowned. A dove saw that the bee was dying. She plucked
a large leaf. She dropped it into the water near the bee. The bee climbed on the leaf, dried its wings, and
flew to its hive safe and sound. It was thankful to the dove for her kindness. It wished to do her a good
turn. A few days later the dove was sitting on the branch of a tree. A hunter was taking aim at her with his
gun. The bee arrived in the nick of time. At once it sat upon the hunter‟s hand and stung. He moved his
hand with pain and missed the aim. The dove flew away in safety thanking the bee.
Moral: 1. Do good have good
‫اکیدہعفاکذرکےہہکاکیدہشیکیھکماکیاتالبںیمرگیئگ۔ہیڈوےنبوایل یھت۔اکیافہتخےندھکیایلہکدہشیکیھکمرمریہےہ۔ اسےناکیڑبااتپوتڑا۔ اس ےناسوکاپینںیماسیھکم‬
‫ےکزندکیکنیھپ دای۔ یھکمےتپ رپڑچھ یئگاوراےنرَپ اصػےیک اوراےن ےتھچیک رطػافحتظاور ریختی ےسچنہپیئگ۔ ہیافہتخیک رہمابین رپ اسیک زگرزگار یھت۔اس یکوخااییھت ہکوہ‬
‫اےکس اکؾ آےئ۔ ھچک دؿ دعب افہتخ اکی درتخ یک اشخ رپ یھٹیب یھت۔ اکی اکشر اینپ دنبوؼ ےس اس اک اشنہن ےل راہ اھت۔ دہش یک یھکم نیع وتق رپ چنہپ یئگ۔ اس ےن وفراً اکشری ےک اہھت رپ ھٹیب رک‬
‫اےساکٹایل۔اساکاہھتفیلکتےسلہایگاوراشنہناضعئوہایگ۔افہتخدہشیکیھکماکزگرہیادارکےتوہےئافحبتظاُڑیئگ۔‬
‫واسیرھبوےگ۔‬،‫اسیجرکوےگ‬ :‫اخالقیسبق‬
PARAGRAPH
1. Hazrat Muhammad )‫(رضحتدمحمﷺ‬
Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬is the last Rasool of Allah. He (‫ )ﷺ‬was born in Makkah Mukarramah in a
tribe named Quraish. His father Hazrat Abdullah (R.A) died before his birth and his mother died when He
(‫ )ﷺ‬was only six years old. His grandfather Hazrat Abd – Al – Muttalib took care of him. When Hazrat
Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬reached the age of eight, his grandfather passed away and He (‫ )ﷺ‬came under the
guardianship of his uncle, Abu Talib. Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬helped his uncle in his successful caravan
business. He (‫ )ﷺ‬worked with honesty and truthfulness, and soon earned a good reputation in a short
time. Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬used to pay attention to his people and appreciate them. He was
very compassionate, loving and merciful to his companions. He is a role model for every Muslim. This
great and novel soul passed away in 632 A.D. at the age of 63.
2. Journey by Bus)‫(سباکرفس‬
Once my family decided to travel by bus from Lahore to Rawalpindi. We reached at the bus stand and
bought our tickets. There were many passengers at the bus stand. We took our seats. Some hawkers came in the
bus to sell candies, soft drinks, biscuits, and newspapers. Suddenly the weather changed. A windstorm surrounded
the area and later it began to rain. However, after a while the weather became pleasant again. The bus driver
started the bus and it began the journey. Soon we were out of Lahore. The motorway was very smooth and there
was no jerking. We saw vast field of crops in the way. After that mountainous area started. We enjoyed the
journey very much.
3. Journey by Train )‫(رلیاگڑیاکرفس‬
Last summer, we had to go to Rawalpindi. We reached the railway station early in the morning. We bought
tickets and took seats near the windows. The guard blew the whistle and waved the green flag. The engine driver
also whistled in reply. Then the train began to move out slowly. We looked out of the windows. The trees and
crops seemed running back. The farmers were working. The cattle were grazing. The children were playing. Now
we started playing cards. The train stopped at a few stations. We bought cakes and eggs and ate them. At last, the
train reached the Rawalpindi station. We got down. Our friend Rauf had come to receive us. We came out of the
station.
4. My Father ( ‫)ریمےوادل‬
Father is a blessing of Allah. My father‟s name is a Hafiz Muhammad Sajid. He is a senior headmaster and also the
best school teacher. He is a noble person. All people of the area respect him. He is a senior headmaster of the
Government High School. He teaches chemistry and physics. He treats the students in a good manner. Often, he helps
the poor students. He is a kind-hearted man. I love him very much. He works hard to earn livelihood for us. He offers
his prayers five times a day. He recites the Holy Quran daily. He goes for a walk every day. He wears neat but simple
‫‪STAR PLUS Publications‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪Class 8th‬‬
‫‪dress. He is still active and smart at the age of fifty-five. He helps me in my daily homework. His method of teaching is‬‬
‫‪very impressive. He has been teaching in the school for twenty years. He is a religious person. He is an active member‬‬
‫‪of mosque committee. He has good wishes for other people. He serves my grandparents very well. They also pray for‬‬
‫‪my father. He has taught me discipline, manners, and the sense of duty towards the family and the society. When I‬‬
‫‪stood first in examination, he became the happiest person in the world. From my childhood, I have been greatly‬‬
‫!‪influenced by my father. He has always guided me to the right path in every field of life. May he live long‬‬
‫ابپاہللاپکیک تمعےہ۔ریمےوادلاکانؾاح ظدمحماس دےہ۔وہاکی رئنی ڈیام رٹںیہاوراکیرتہبنیاوکسؽےکااتسدیھبںیہ۔وہاکی کیآدیمںیہ۔العےقیکامتؾولگاؿاکارتحاؾرکےتںیہ۔وہوگرٹنمن‬
‫ک ن‬
‫اہیئوکسؽاشدہرہاہبووپلرےک رئنی ڈیام رٹںیہ۔وہ میئسٹریاورزفسکڑپ اھےتںیہ۔وہابلطءےکاسھتااھچولسکرکےتںیہ۔ارثک‪،‬وہرغبیابلطءیکدمدرکےتںیہ۔وہاکیرنؾدؽآدیمںیہ۔ںیماؿےستہبایپر‬
‫رکاتوہں۔ وہامہریروزیرویٹ ےکےئلتخستنحمرکےتںیہ۔وہ دؿںیماپچن وتق امنز ادارکےتںیہ۔وہروزاہن رقآؿاپک یکالتوترکےتںیہ۔ و ہرہ دؿحبص یکریس ےکےئل اجےتںیہ۔وہاصػرھتسا نکیل اسدہ‬
‫ابلس ےتنہپںیہ۔وہ‪ 55‬اسؽ یکرمع ںیم اب یھب رحتمک اوروہایشرںیہ۔وہ ریمےروزاہن ےکوہؾ ورکںیم ریمی دمدرکےتںیہ۔اؿ اک دترسی اکرطہقیتہب رحتمکنک ےہ۔وہ سیب اسؽ ےس اوکسؽںیمڑپاھرےہ‬
‫ںیہ۔وہ اکی ذمیبہ صخشںیہ۔وہ دجس یٹیم ےک اکی رسرگؾ ربمںیہ۔وہ دورسے ولوگںےکےئل کی وخااشہت رےتھکںیہ۔وہ ریمے داداوب یکتہب ا۔یھرطح ےس دختمرکےت ںیہ۔وہ ریمے اوب اجؿ ےکےئل‬
‫یھبداعرکےتںیہ۔اوہنںےنےھجماخدناؿاوراعمرشےںیممظنوطبض‪،‬آداباوردورسوںےکاسھترفضانشیساکدرسدایےہ۔اوہنںےنہشیمہزدنیگےکرہم ےبںیمےھجمر حراےتسرپاگزمؿایکےہ۔وہز یبزدنیگ‬
‫زگارںی!آنیم۔‬

‫‪5. A Visit to a Zoo‬‬ ‫)ڑچای‪،‬رھیکریس(‬

‫‪Last Sunday, I went to Lahore zoo with my father. We went there by bus. My father bought the tickets and‬‬
‫‪we entered the gate. There were ponds on both sides of the road. Ducks were swimming in the ponds. We saw‬‬
‫‪kangaroos, elephants, stags, deer, and „Neelgai‟ etc. I saw a young kangaroo in his mother‟s skin pouch. Then we‬‬
‫‪came to the cages of birds. There were different kinds of birds. Peacocks were in large numbers. Then we saw the‬‬
‫‪lions in their enclosures. We also saw monkeys, chimpanzees, and apes. Then we saw rhinos and giraffes. After‬‬
‫‪going round the zoo, we came out and sat under a tree. We ate our food, which we had carried with us. We‬‬
‫‪returned home tired but very happy.‬‬
‫زگ ہت اوتاروکںیم اےنوادلےکاسھتالوہرڑچای‪،‬رھایگ اھت۔مہواہںسبںیمےلچےئگ۔ریمے اوب اجؿےنںیٹکٹرخدیںیاورمہٹیگےس ادنےلچےئگڑسکےکدوونںرطػاتالب ےھت۔التبںیمںیخطب‬
‫ی‬
‫کییگزوز‪ ،‬اہویھتں‪ ،‬رہونں اور یلین اگےئ وہریہوک داھکی۔رھپمہ رپدنوںےک رجنپوںےکاپس آےئ۔واہںرطحرطحےکرپدنے ےھت۔ومر ڑبیدعتاد ںیم ےھت۔رھپمہےنریشوںوک‬
‫ریریہ ںیھت۔مہ ےن ئ‬
‫اؿےکاچروںرطػےسداھکی۔مہےندنبروکیھبداھکی۔رھپمہےنڈنیگےاورزرا ےفدےھکی۔ڑچای‪،‬رھےکرکچاگلےنےکدعب‪،‬مہابرہآےئاوراکیدرتخےکےچینھٹیبےئگ۔مہےناھکاناھکایوجاےناسھت‬
‫ےلرکےئگےھت۔مہےکھتوہےئ‪،‬رھولےٹنکیلتہبوخش۔‬

‫‪6. A Morning Walk‬‬ ‫)حبصیکریس (‬

‫‪‛Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”. Health is a great blessing to‬‬
‫‪Allah. Morning walk is very useful for health. Morning walk keeps us healthy, active and smart. The‬‬
‫‪morning time is the most suitable time for a walk. I get up early in the morning and call at my friend.‬‬
‫‪When we come out of our houses, we find the street deserted. People are still a sleep. There is calm and‬‬
‫‪quiet everywhere. First of all we say Fajr prayers in the Masjid. Then we start a walk. We often go to the‬‬
‫‪park beside the canal. The cool and fresh breeze refresh our minds. Birds are chirping in trees. The whole‬‬
‫‪scene is very charming. Here we see many people. Some are taking exercise. Some are bathing and‬‬
‫‪swimming. When the sun rises, its golden rays look very beautiful in the clean water. The dewdrops shine‬‬
‫‪like pearls on the grass. We return home at 7‟O clock. Now we are quite fresh and active for the day‟s‬‬
‫‪work.‬‬
‫"راتوکدلجیوساناورحبصوکدلجیاانھٹآدیموکتحصدنم‪،‬دوتلدنم‪،‬اورلقعدنمانباتےہ"۔تحص اہللاپکیکرطػےستہبڑبی تمعےہ۔حبصیکریس تحصےکےیلتہبدیفمےہ۔حبصیکریسںیمہ‬
‫تحص دنم‪ ،‬تسچ اور اعفؽ ریتھک ےہ۔ حبص اک وتق ریس ےک ےیل ومزوں رتنی وتق ےہ۔ ںیم حبص وسریے دلجی ااتھٹ وہں اور اےن دوتس وک البات وہں۔بج مہ اےن ‪،‬رھ ےس ابرہ آےت ںیہ۔ وت ایلگں نلکل‬
‫وریاؿوہیتںیہ۔ولگایھبکتوسرےہوہےت ںیہ۔رہرطػانمووکسؿوہاتےہ۔بسےسےلہپمہ دجسںیمرجفیکامنزادارکےتںیہ۔رھپمہانلچرشوعرکےتںیہ۔ مہارثکرہنےکاسھتواےلاپرکںیم‬
‫اجےت ںیہ۔ ڈنھٹی اور اتزہ وہا امہرے دامغ وک رتواتزہ وکیت ےہ۔ دروتخں رپ رپدنے اہچہچرےہ وہےت ںیہ۔ وپرا رظنمتہب دشکل وہات ےہ۔ اہیں تہب ےس ولگ وموجد وہےتںیہ۔ ھچک ولگ ورزش رکرےہ‬
‫وہےتںیہ اورھچک اہنےت اور ریایک رکرےہوہےتںیہ۔بجوسرجولطع وہات ےہ وت اسیک رہنسی رکںیناصػاپین ںیم تہب وخوصبرترظن آیت ںیہ۔ منبےکےرطےساھسرپومںویںیکرطح کمرےہ‬
‫وہےتںیہ۔مہ‪7‬ےجبکت‪،‬رھآاجےتںیہ۔ابمہدؿےکاکؾاکجےکےیلاکیفاتزہاوررحتمکوہےتںیہ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 28 Class 8th
7. The Holy Prophet(‫)ﷺ‬ ‫رضحتدمحمﷺ‬
A prophet is a person selected by Allah. He guides all human beings. Many Prophets came in the world. Hazrat
Muhammad came as the last Prophet of Allah. He was born in Makkah in 571 A.D. He belonged to a noble
family. His father‟s name was Hazrat Abdullah and his mother‟s name was Hazrat Amina. She also passed away
when he was only a child. He was brought up by his grandfather and then by his uncle. He had everything but he
led a very simple life. He was greatest well-wisher of humanity. The people of Makkah worshipped idols in those
days. He taught them not worship idols but one Allah. He showed them the right path. His life is a role model for
all mankind. He passed away when he was 63. If we want success, we must follow the teaching of the Holy
Prophet.
‫ہکم‬2 ‫ربمغیپاہللاپک یکبختنمرکدہیتسہوہیتےہ۔وہامتؾ ااسنونںیکرامنہیئرفاماتےہ۔داینںیمتہب اسرےیبنآےئںیہ۔رضحتدمحمون رِمسجم ﷺ اہللاپکےکآرخییبنےکوطررپرشتفیالےئ۔آپ ﷺ‬
‫رھاےنےساھت۔آپﷺ ےکوادلاکانؾرضحتدبعاہللاورآپیکوادلہام دہاکانؾرضحتآہنماھت۔آپﷺ یکوادلہاسافینداینےسرپدہرفام‬،‫وسیعیںیمدیپاوہےئ۔آپاکقلعتاکیزعمز‬573‫رکمہمںیم‬
‫ںیئگبجآپایھبےچبےھت۔آپﷺ یکرپورشآپےکدادااجؿاوررھپآپﷺ ےکاچچاجؿےنیک۔آپﷺ ےکاپسبسھچکاھتنکیلآپےنتہبیہاسدہزدنیگزگاری۔آپﷺ ااسنتینےک‬
‫بسےسڑبےریخوخاہےھت۔الہہکماؿدونںوتبںیکوپاجرکےتےھت۔آپﷺ ےناںیہناھکیسایہکوہوتبںیکوپاجہن رکںیہکلبرصػاکیاہللیکدابدترکںی۔آپﷺ ےناںیہندیساھراہتسداھکیای۔آپ‬
‫ اسؽ یھت وتآپ اس افین داین ےس رپدہ رفامےئگ۔ ارگ مہ اکایمیب اچےتہ ںیہوت ںیمہ روسؽ اہلل ﷺ یکمیلعت رپ لمعرکان‬30 ‫ﷺ یک زدنیگ وپری ینب ونع ااسنؿ ےک ےئل اکی یلمع ومنہن ےہ ۔ بج آپ ﷺ یک رمع‬
‫اچےئیہ۔‬

8. Quaid-I-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (‫)اقدئامظعدمحمیلعانجح‬

A great man is one who serves humanity. Quaid-I-Azam is also one of them. Quaid-I-Azam is our great
leader. He is the founder of Pakistan. He was born in Karachi on 25 th December 1876. His real name was
Muhammad Ali. His father‟s name was Ponja Jinnah. He was a merchant. He passed his Matriculation
examination at the age of 16. Then he went to England for higher education. He passed Bar-at-Law from London.
He was a good lawyer. He started his practice in Bombay but he wanted to work for the freedom of his country.
He joined the Indian National Congress and worked for Hindu-Muslim unity. But he left the Congress soon and
joined the Muslim League. He was a very hardworking and brave man. He worked day and night to get a separate
homeland for the Muslims. After his long struggle, Pakistan came into being on 14th August 1947. He became the
first governor general of Pakistan. He was a man of principles and laws. He was a true Muslims and Pakistani. He
was a man of deed and not of word. He worked day and night for the prosperity of his people. Hard work told
upon his health. He died on 11th September 1948. His tomb is in Karachi. He lives in the hearts of the nation. May
Allah rest his soul in peace!
‫وک‬3773‫دربمس‬25‫اکیمیظعصخشوہوہاتےہوجااسنتینیکدختمرکےئ۔اقدئامظعدمحمیلعانجحیھباؿںیمےساکیںیہ۔اقدئامظعامہرےمیظعراامنہںیہ۔وہاپاتسکؿےکابینںیہ۔وہ‬
‫ اسؽیھتبجآپےنرٹیمکاکااحتمؿاپسایک۔رھپآپاٰیلع میلعتےک‬33‫رکایچںیمدیپا وہےئ۔اؿاکالص انؾدمحمیلعاھت۔اؿےکوادلاک انؾوپاجنانجحاھت۔وہاکیاترجےھت۔ آپیکرمع‬
‫ےئل ااتسلگنؿ ےلچ ےئگ۔اوہنں ےن دنلؿ ےس اقونؿ اک ااحتمؿ اپس ایک۔ وہ اکیاےھچ اقونؿ داؿ ےھت۔ اوہنں ےن اینپ رپسٹکی اک آاغز یئبمب ےس ایک نکیل وہ اےنکلم یک آزادی ےک ےئل اکؾ رکان‬
‫اچےتہےھت۔اوہنںےناڈننیلنشیناکرگنسیںیمومشتیلاایتخررکیلاوردنہوملسمااحتدےکےیلاکؾرکےنےگل۔نکیلاوہنںےندلجیہ اکرگنسیوھچڑدیاورملسم گیںیماشلموہےگ۔وہ‬
‫ وک اپاتسکؿرعمض ووجد ںیم‬3507‫اتسگ‬30 ‫یتنحماور اہبدرااسنؿ ےھت۔ اوہنںےن املسمونں ےک ےیل اگلاگلونط احلص رکےنےک ےیل دؿرات تنحمیک۔ اؿیک وطلیوکشش ےک دعب‬
‫آای۔ وہ اپاتسکؿ ےک ےلہپ وگررن رنجؽ ےنب۔وہ اوصولں اور وقانین واےل صخش ےھت۔ وہ اکی ےچس املسمؿ اور اپاتسکین ےھت۔ وہ وظفلں ےک ںیہن ہکلب یلمع صخش ےھت۔ اوہنں ےن اےن ولوگں یک‬
‫ وک اؿ اک ااقتنؽ وہ ایگ۔ اؿ اک زمار رکایچ ںیم ےہ۔ وہ وقؾ ےک دولں ںیم رےتہ ںیہ۔ اہلل اپک اؿیک‬3507 ‫ ربمتس‬33 ‫احشخیل ےک ےیل دؿ رات اکؾ ایک۔ تخس تنحم ےن اؿ یک تحص وک اتمرث ایک۔‬
‫روحوکوکسؿاطعرفامںیئ۔‬
9. Allama Iqbal )‫العہماابقؽ (رچمیہاہللہیل‬
Allama Iqbal was a great philosopher and poet. He is my favorite poet. He is our national poet. He was born at
Sialkot in 1877. He got his early education at Sialkot. He passed his M.A from the Government College Lahore.
Then he went to Europe for higher studies. He gave the idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims. He worked
day and night for the rights of the Muslims. He was a very good speaker. He demanded a separate homeland for
the Indian Muslims. He had a strong will power. He was a man of good character. He laid great stress on the
dignity of character. He had a great love for Islam. His efforts became fruitful. He got success in his mission. Hard
work made him very weak but the fought bravely against the anti-powers. At last we got Pakistan. He wrote
several books on poetry. His poetry is full of messages. It is a great source of action. He died on April 21, 1938.
He was buried in Lahore. May his soul rest in peace.
‫‪STAR PLUS Publications‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪Class 8th‬‬
‫العہم اابقؽ (ر چمیہ اہلل ہیل) اکی میظع یفسلف اور اشرع ےھت۔ وہ ریمے دنسپدیہ اشرع ےھت۔ وہ امہرے وقیم اشرع ںیہ۔ آپ ‪ 3777‬وک قایوکلٹ ںیم دیپا وہےئ ۔ اوہنں ےن اینپ ادتبایئ میلعت‬
‫قایوکلٹ ںیم احلص یک۔ اوہنں ےن امی اے اک ااحتمؿ وگرٹنمن اکجل ےس اپس ایک۔ رھپ آپ اٰیلع میلعت ےک ےئل ویرپ ےلچ ےئگ۔ اوہنں ےن املسمونں ےک ےئل دحیلعہ ونط اک رظنہی شیپ ایک۔‬
‫اوہنں ےن املسمونں ےک وقحؼ ےک ےئل دؿ رات اکؾ ایک۔ وہ تہب اےھچ رقمر ےھت۔ اوہنں ےن دنہواتسؿ ےک املسمونں ےک ےئل دحیلعہ و نط اک اطم ہبل ایک۔ وہ میظع وقت ارادی رےتھک ےھت۔ وہ‬
‫اےھچ رکدار ےک ااسنؿ ےھت۔ اوہنں ےن رکدار یک تمظ رپ ڑبا زور دای۔ وہ امالؾ ےس ڑبی تبح رکےت ےھت۔ اؿ یک اکو ںی ہجیتن زی وہںیئ وہ اےن دصقم ںیم اکایمب وہےئ۔ تخس تنحم ےن‬
‫اںیہنوزمورانبدایرگموہفلام وقوتںےک الخػڑبیاہبدریےسڑلےآرخاکرمہےناپاتسکؿاحلصرکایل۔آپےناشرعییکیئکاتکںیبںیھکل ۔اؿیکاشرعیاغیپامتےسرھبیوہیئےہ۔‬
‫ہیلمعاکاکیتہبڑباذرہعیےہ۔‪23‬ارپلی‪ 3507‬ںیمآپاکااقتنؽوہایگ۔آپوکالوہرںیمدنفرکدایایگ۔اہللاپکاؿیکروحوکوکسؿاطعرفامںیئ۔‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫‪A Road Accident‬‬ ‫)اکیڑسکاحدہث (‬
‫‪Road accident is very common these days. Last Sunday, I witnessed a road side accident. It was a‬‬
‫‪horrible scene. A young man was driving a motorcycle, while he was attending a call on his mobile‬‬
‫‪phone. He was handling the bike with only one hand. In his other hand, he was holding the mobile phone‬‬
‫‪and talking to his friends. He was completely absorbed in his conversation on the phone. He was unaware‬‬
‫‪of the traffic around. Suddenly, he lost the control over the bike while passing over a brick, placed in the‬‬
‫‪middle of the road. A trolley probably dropped the brick. The young man fell down and was run over by a‬‬
‫‪car coming behind him. He was badly injured. His head was bleeding. Someone called to 1122 service.‬‬
‫‪After some time, the rescuers reached and took him to the hospital.‬‬
‫اؿ دونںڑسک احداثتاعؾںیہ ۔ زگ ہت اوتاروک ںیمےنڑسکرپاحدہث داھکی۔ہی اکی وخػانکرظنماھت۔اکیونوجاؿومرٹاسلکیئالچراہاھتسجرپ وہ اےن ومابلئوفؿ ےساکؽرکراہاھت۔ وہ رصػاکیاہھتےس‬
‫ومرٹاسلکیئاھبنسؽراہاھت۔اسےکدورسےاہھتںیموہومابلئوفؿاھتاوراےن دوںوتںےسابںیترکراہاھت۔وہوفؿرپاینپابت تیںیموپریرطح نگاھت۔اےسآساپسیکرٹ کفاک ملیہںیہناھت۔ااچکن‪،‬اس‬
‫ےن ڑسکےک درایمؿںیمڑپی اٹنی ےس زگرےتوہےئ ومرٹاسلکیئرپرٹنکوؽوھک دای۔ہیونوجاؿ ےچینرگایگ اورےھچیپ ےساکیزیتراتفراگڑی اسےک ادنرآیگل۔ وہرُبیرطح ےسزیمخوہایگ۔اسےکرس ےسوخؿ‬
‫لکنراہاھت۔یسکےن‪ 3322‬رسوسوکاکؽیک۔ھچکدریدعبابزایبرکےنواےلچنہپےئگ۔اوراسڑلےکوکاتپسہؽےلےئگ۔‬

‫‪11.‬‬ ‫(اہللےس ُداع)‪Prayer to ALLAH‬‬

‫‪Prayer to Allah is not limited to any time and moment. We pray to Allah to lead us to the right‬‬
‫‪path. This is the path of people upon whom Allah showered his mercy not of those who were punished by‬‬
‫‪him. We repeat these words all the time not to remind Allah but to remind ourselves. We demand‬‬
‫‪everything from Allah through prayer. We remember Allah is every difficulty through prayer. Prayer to‬‬
‫‪Allah is a solution to all of our problems. We gain Allah‟s mercy through it.‬‬
‫اہلل ےسداعیسکوتق ایےحملکتدحمودںیہن۔مہ دہاتیےکےیل اہللےسداعامےتگنںیہ۔ ہیاؿولوگںاک رہتس ےہنجرپ اہللےناانپرمحایک انج ولوگںاک ںیہننجوک اسےناذابدای۔ مہ ہیامتؾ اافلظاہللوک‬
‫ںیہن ہکلب وخد وک اید دالےن ےک ےیل درہاےتںیہ۔ مہ داع ےک ذرےعی رہ زیچ اہلل ےس امےتگن ںیہ۔ مہ داع ےک ذرےعی رہ لکشم ںیم اہلل اعتک ٰیل وک اید رکےت ںیہ۔ اہلل ےس داع امہرے امتؾئاسلئ اک ل ےہ۔ اسےک‬
‫ذرےعیںیمہاہللاکرمحاتلمےہ۔‬

‫‪12.‬‬ ‫(اکیاپرکیکریس) ‪A Visit to a Park‬‬

‫‪One day, our whole class requested to our favorite teacher, Mr. Rauf to take us on a trip to a nearby park.‬‬
‫‪He accepted our request and announced a trip to the park on the next Saturday. First we arranged all the articles‬‬
‫‪needed for the trip and reached the park with our teacher at 9 O‟clock in the morning. Next, we divided ourselves‬‬
‫‪into two teams and played a friendly cricket match. Afterwards, we had our eatables brought by us for the trip. We‬‬
‫‪enjoyed every moments, we spent in the park. It was a fun indeed. At 3 O‟clock in the afternoon, we returned to‬‬
‫‪our school where the vans were waiting for us to take us back home.‬‬
‫اکیدؿامہرےوپریامجتعےنامہرےدنسپدیہاُاتسد‪،‬انجبرؤػےسدروخاتسیکہکوہںیمہرقیبیاپرکںیمریس ےکےیلےل اجںیئ۔اُوہنں ےنامہریدروخاتسوبقؽرکیلاورآےن‬
‫واےلہتفہےکروزاپرکےکرفتیحیدورےاکاالعؿایک۔بسےسےلہپ‪،‬مہےناُؿامتؾزیچوںاکااظتنؾایکنجیکرفتیحی دورےےکےیلرضورتیھتاوراےناُاتسد اصبحےکاسھت‪5‬ےجب‬
‫حبصاپرکںیمچنہپےئگ۔رھپ‪،‬مہےناےنآپوکدوومیٹںںیممیسقتایکاوراکیدواتسہنرکٹکچیمالیھک۔اُسےکدعب ‪،‬مہےنوہزیچںیاھکںیئوجمہرفتیحیدورےےکاسھتالےئےھت۔مہےن‬
‫رہ اُس ےحمل ےس فطل اُاھٹای وج مہ ےن اپرک ںیم زگارا۔ ہی ًاتقیقح ڑبا رُپفطل اھت۔ ہس رہپ نیت ےجب‪ ،‬مہ اےن وکسؽ واسپ آےئگ اہجں وںینگی ںیمہ ‪،‬رھ واسپ ےل اجےن ےک ےیل امہرا ااظتنر رکریہ‬
‫ںیھت۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 30 Class 8th
13. Importance of Justice )‫(ااصنػیکاتیمہ‬
Justice means fair treatment (‫ )افصنمہن ولسک‬with everyone. Justice plays a key role in every home, society,
government, at national and international level. It brings about )‫ (ابثعوہان‬prosperity)‫(وخاحشیل‬, happiness, peace, calm and
good in the society. It brings about)‫ (ابثع وہان‬progress in the society. The ruler who does justice with his masses,
flourishes )‫(رتیق رکان‬. Justice brings general peace. It ends protest, violence)‫(دشتد‬, suppression )‫ (ملظ‬, strikes, lock outs,
cruelty and terrorism)‫ (دتشہ رگدی‬from society. Religion, art and literature flourish)‫(رتیق رکان‬. Progress of every kind
takes place. In short, justice is the backbone of every virtue and prosperity.
14. Uses and abuses of Mobile Phone )‫(ومابلئوفؿےکافدئےاوراصقنانت‬
USES: Mobile phone is a light weight machine. Man can carry it in pocket. He can talk to anyone, anywhere,
anytime. He can keep secrecy)‫(زاشدازی‬. During journey, he remains in touch with all. It is very helpful in
emergency)‫(ہنگاهی حالت‬. Man can contact)‫ (زابطہ کسنا‬the police for help. It provides calculator, video camera,
games, time-clock, internet, music, songs and dictionary.
ABUSES: But it has abuses also. Children waste their time in playing games. Terrorists )‫ (دہشت گسد‬commit
terrorism)‫ (دہشت گسدی‬with its help. Then it becomes fatal)‫(هہلک‬. It is a cause)‫(وجہ‬of troubles. It causes )‫(باعث بننا‬
accidents)‫(حادثات‬. It causes heart and other diseases)‫(بیوازی‬. It disturbs )‫ (خساب کسنا‬peace of mind)‫(ذہنی سکوى‬. Man
cannot even sleep peacefully)‫(سکوى سے‬. It disturbs)‫ (خلل ڈالنا‬studies)‫(پڑھائی‬.
15. Sports and Games )‫(لیھکاوررفتحی‬
Sports and games are necessary to maintain )‫ (قائن زکھنا‬good health. They are as important as food
grains)‫(خوزاک‬and fresh water. They keep us active, alert)‫ (ہوشیاز‬and smart. They enable )‫ (قابل بنانا‬us to perform ‫(ادا‬
)‫ کسنا‬the duties of life. The developed )‫ (تسقی یافتہ‬countries attach great importance to sports and games. They
consider)‫ (خیال کسنا‬it an essential )‫(الشهی‬part of education. The lesson in the classroom does not have as deep effect
)‫ (اثس‬on the character as that is learnt in the playground. The lesson in the classroom is theoretical)‫ (نظسیاتی‬. The
lesson learnt in the playground is practical )‫(عولی‬. Sports and games build up )‫ (تشکیل کسنا‬the character of the young
ones. They make them active)‫ (چست‬, helpful)‫ (هددگاز‬and trustworthy )‫ (قاب ِل اعتواد‬. The students learn endurance
)‫(بسداشت‬, courage)‫ (جسأت‬, loyalty)‫ (وفادازی‬and sacrifice)‫ (قسبانی‬. General sports include )‫ (شاهل ہونا‬, fishing ‫(هاہی‬
)‫گیسی‬, riding)‫(گھڑسوازی‬, cycling, boating)‫(کشتی زانی‬, football, hockey, cricket, tennis and badminton. Therefore, a
number of schools hold athletic contests. They also hold games like football, hockey, cricket, tennis, badminton,
and volleyball.
16. The life of Policeman)‫(اپسیہیکزدنیگ‬
The Policeman looks very active and smart. He is spick and span. He wears a dark brown uniform. He carries a
long stick. He uses a whistle when he is on traffic duty. He controls traffic. He helps to avoid accidents. He saves
the lives of the people. He does his duty in difficulty. His life is always in danger. He faces robbers and ruffians.
His pay is very small. He leads a hard life. He is often strict. His tone is gruff. Children are afraid of him. The
people do not like him.
‫اپس یہ ڑبا اچؼ و وچدنب داھکیئ داتی ےہ۔ وہ ہشیمہ انب انھٹ راتہ ےہ۔ وہ اخیک نولؿ اور قایہ رشٹ ہ اتن ےہ۔ وہ اےن اہھت ںیم اکی ڑی راتھک ےہ۔ دوراؿ رٹ کف ڈوییٹ وہ اکی یٹیس اامعتسؽ رکات ےہ۔ وہ رٹ کف وک‬
‫رٹنکوؽرکاتےہ۔وہاحداثتےسےنچب ںیمدمد رکات ےہ۔وہولوگں یکزدنایگںاچبات ےہ۔وہ لکشمںیم اانپرفض ادا رکاتےہ۔اسیکاجؿ ہشیمہرطخےںیموہیت ےہ۔اساکاسانمڈاوکؤں اور دباعموشںےس‬
‫وہاتےہ۔اسیکوخنتاہتہبمکےہوہڑبیلکشمزدنیگزگاراتےہ۔وہتخسریگوہاتےہ۔اساکہجہلتخسوہاتےہ۔ےچباسےسڈرےتںیہ۔ولگاےسدنسپںیہنرکےت۔‬

17. Real Life Incident )‫(یقیقحزدنیگاکواہعق‬

Once one of my class fellows treated me very rudely. He abused me and slapped my face. However, I showed
great tolerance. I did not try to retaliate against him. Meanwhile, our class teacher came into the classroom, and
rebuked the boy. When our class teacher was going to punish him for his rudeness, I requested him not to do so. I
forgave my class fellow for his rude behavior. My class fellow was highly impressed with my tolerance. He
apologized to me, and from then on he became one of my best friends.
STAR PLUS Publications 31 Class 8th
‫اکی رمہبتریما اکیمہامجتعریمے اسھت تہب اناشہتسئ ادناز ےس شیپ آای۔ اُس ےن ےھجم اگیل دی اورریمےرہچے رپ ڑپھت امرا۔رہباحؽ ںیم ےن تہبزایدہردودرزگر اک رہارہہ ایک۔ ںیمےن اُس ےس دبہل‬
‫ےنیلیکوکششںیہنیک۔ ایس اانثءںیمامہرےالکسرچیٹ رمکاامجتعںیم آےئگاورڑلےکوک ڈااٹن۔بجامہرےالکسرچیٹ اُسیکاناشیگتسئیکزسا دےنیواےلےھتوتںیمےناُؿےس ااجتلیکہکااسیہنرکںی۔ںیم‬
‫ےن اےنمہامجتعوکاسےک اناشہتسئروےیرپاعمػ رکدای۔ریمامہامجتعریمےردودرزگر ےس تہب اتمرث وہا۔اُس ےنھجمےساعمیفاما ی اوراُس وتق ےس وہریمےرتہبنی دوںوتںںیمےس اکینب‬
‫ایگ۔‬

18. Tolerance of Rasoolullah (‫(روسؽاہللﷺ اکردودرزگر) )ﷺ‬

The Rasoolullah (‫ )ﷺ‬was a model of tolerance. He (‫ )ﷺ‬practiced tolerance throughout his life. When the
Rasoolullah (‫ )ﷺ‬went to Taif to preach Islam, the people there threw stones at him. But the Rasoolullah (‫)ﷺ‬
forgave them. Even He (‫ )ﷺ‬prayed to Allah Almighty for them. At the conquest of Makkah, the Rasoolullah (‫)ﷺ‬
forgave his worst enemy, Abu Sufyan. Hazrat Ans Bin Malik (R.A) said, “I served the Rasoolullah (‫ )ﷺ‬for 10
years. By Allah, He (‫ )ﷺ‬never objected to anything I said or did.” We all should follow the noble example of
tolerance of our Rasoolullah (‫)ﷺ‬. It will help us solve many of our problems.
‫روسؽ اہلل و اخمت انییبنلﷺ ردودرزگر اک رکیپ ےھت۔ آپ اخمت انییبنلﷺ اینپ وپری ایحت اپک ںیم ردودرزگر رپ لمع ریپا وہےئ۔ بج روسؽ اہللﷺ امالؾ یک غیلبت رکےن ےئلیک اطفئ ےئگ وت واہں‬
‫ولوگں ےن آپﷺ رپ رھتپ رباسےئ۔ نکیل روسؽ اہلل ﷺ ےن اُںیہن اعمػ رفامدای۔ اہیں کت ہک روسؽ اہللﷺ ےن اؿ ےئلیک اہلل اعتک ٰیل ےس داع یک۔ حتف ہکم ےک ومعق رپ روسؽ اہلل ﷺ ےن اےن‬
‫آپﷺ ےنیھبکیسکزیچاکوجںیمےنیہکاییکیھبک‬،‫"ںیمےنروسؽاہللواخمتانییبنلﷺ یکدساسؽدختمیک۔اہللیکمسق‬:‫دبرتنیدنمشاوبایفسؿوکاعمػرفامدای۔ رضحتاسننبامکلؓےنرفامای‬
‫ارتعاضںیہنایک۔مہبسوکاچےیہہکمہروسؽاہللواخمتانییبنلﷺ ےکردودرزگریکاشدناراثمؽیکریپویرکںی۔اسےسںیمہاےنتہبےسئاسلئ لرکےنںیمدمدےلمیگ۔‬

19. Good Deeds of your life ( ‫)آپیکزدنیگےکاےھچاامعؽ‬

I can feed the hungry. I can give up my seat on the bust for an old man. I can help my class fellows with their
homework. I can buy a gift for my mother or grandmother. I can help those who are in trouble.
‫ںیموھبوکںوکاھکانالھکاتکسوہں۔ںیمسبںیمیسکوبڑےھآدیمےئلیکاینپٹیسوھچڑاتکسوہں۔ںیماےنمہامجوتعںیکاُؿےکوہؾورکںیمدمدرکاتکسوہں۔ںیماینپایماجؿایدادیاجؿےئلیکاکی‬
‫ہفحترخدیاتکسوہں۔ںیماُںیکدمدرکاتکسوہںوجلکشمںیمںیہ۔‬

20. Your Daily Routine ( ‫)آپیکروزرمہزدنیگاکومعمؽ‬

I get up early in the morning. I perform ablution and offer my Fajr prayer. Then I go out for a walk. At 6 o‟clock I
get ready for school. I have my breakfast at 7:00. After that I leave for school. At 1:30 o‟clock I am back at home.
I have lunch and take a rest for an hour. At 3 o‟clock I do my homework. In the evening I watch television. I go to
head bed at 10 o‟clock.
‫ںیم حبص وسریےاُاتھٹوہں۔ ںیمووضرکےک رجف یک امنزادارکاتوہں۔رھپ ںیم ریسےئلیکابرہ اجاتوہں۔ھچےجبںیموکسؽ ےئلیکایتر وہاتوہں۔اسےکدعبںیموکسؽ رواہنوہاجاتوہں۔ڈڑیھےجب ںیم‬
‫رھواسپآاتوہں۔ںیمدورہپاکاھکاناھکاتوہںاوراکیہٹنھگآراؾرکاتوہں۔نیتےجبںیماانپوہؾورکرکاتوہں۔اشؾوکںیمیلیٹو نؿدہ اتھوہں۔دسےجبںیموساجاتوہں۔‬،

21. Newspaper report (‫)اابخریکروپرٹ‬

The ongoing climate change phenomenon and its dangerous effects have given alarm to the world to save nature.
The whole world is facing severe climate changes. For instance the floods, heavy rainfalls, drought and increased
summers. Pakistan is one of the most endangered country in terms of climate change. It is ranked among the top
10 by the New York Times. Due to climate change the temperature of earth is increasing every year. It is also
causing the fire in the forests and droughts in many countries of the world. Climate change is also leading to water
scarcity. Whole world is in danger. We must plant trees to regulate the temperature of the earth. We should also
use less vehicles to control the amount of CO2 to save earth.

22. Small effort that made you feel special (‫)وھچیٹےسوکششےنآپوکاخصوسحمسرکواایوہ‬

A few months ago, a house, in my street was on fire. I told my friends about it. They at once got ready to help
me put out the fire. We starting throwing water on the fire. After half an hour we succeeded in extinguishing
the fire. Everyone praised me for the small effort I made to save the burning house and its residents.
‫رھوک آگ یگلوہیئیھت۔ںیم ےن اےندوںوتںوک اس ےکابرےںیم اتبای۔وہوفراًآگ اھجبےن ںیمریمی دمد ےئلیک ایتروہےئگ۔مہ ےن آگ رپاپین انکنیھرشوعرکدای۔‬، ‫دنچامہےلہپ امہرےیلگ ںیماکی‬
‫ےش‬
‫رھاوراسےکر ئ‬،‫آدےھےٹنھگدعبمہآگاھجبےنںیماکایمبوہےئگ۔رہیسکےناسوھچیٹیسوکششرپریمیرعتفییکوجںیمےنےتلجوہےئ‬
‫اہئوںوکاچبےنےئلیکیک۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 32 Class 8th
23. If you get the chance to be the ruler of your country
)‫(ارگآپوکاےنکلماکاحمکےننباکومعقےلم‬
If I became the ruler of my country, I would bring the following reformations during would bring the following
reformations during my reign. I would reform army, police force and tax system. I would introduce an affective
system of administration. I would set up administrative courts. I would give great importance to justice and the
well being of my people. It will help me remove social evils such as corruption, smuggling, hoarding etc. from our
society. It will also pave the way for a peaceful and prosperous society. I will also reforms our education system
and banking system. Thus I would try my best to solve the perplexing problems of my country and make it strong
and prosperous.
‫ وپسیل وفرس اور سکیٹ ےک اظنؾ یک االصح رکوں اگ۔ ںیم مظن و قسن اک اکی ؤمرث اظنؾ‬،‫ ںیم اےن دورِ وکحتم ںیم دنمرہج ذلی االصاحت الؤں اگ۔ ںیم وفج‬،‫ارگ ںیم اےن کلم اک رمکحاؿ نب اجؤں‬
‫ ذریخہ ادنوزی وہریہ یسیج امسیج‬،‫ گنلگمس‬،‫اعتمرػ رکواؤں اگ۔ ںیم ااظتنیم دعاںیتل اقمئ رکوں اگ۔ ںیم ااصن ػ اور اےنولوگں یک الفح و وبہبد وک تہب زایدہ اتیمہ دوں اگ۔ اس ےس ےھجم دبونعاین‬
‫رباویئں وک اےن اعمرشے ےس متخرکےنںیم دمد ےلم یگ۔ اس ےس اکی رُپ انم اوروخاحشؽ اعمرشے ےئلیک راہ یھب ومہار وہیگ۔ ںیم اےن اظنؾ میلعت اور کنیب اکری ےکاظنؾ یک یھب االصح رکوں اگ۔‬
‫اسرطحںیماےنکلمےکرپاشیؿنکئاسلئوک لرکےناوراےسوبضمطاوروخاحشؽانبےنیکرھبوپروکششرکوںاگ۔‬

24. My Favourite Sport )‫(ریمادنسپدیہلیھک‬

There are many sports which we like to play like cricket, football, hockey, badminton, lawn tennis etc.
Cricket is my favourite sport. I am a fast bowler in my team. WE participate in tournament and play friendly
matches with other teams. This game makes me fit and active. Before playing a match, I do not practice mostly I
practice in the morning in a ground with my friends. The game makes me fit, active and disciplined I learn fair
play, team work and honesty and these qualities help me in my day to day matters.
25. Incident in your life to settle the quarrel.
)‫(آپیکزدنیگںیموکیئڑگھجامتخرکےناکواہعق‬
Once I saw my two class fellow quarrelling over trifles. I went to them quickly and stopped them from
fighting. Both class fellows were very angry with each other. I advised them to calm themselves down. Soon they
forgave each other‟s rude behavior and became friends.
‫اکیرمہبتںیمےناےندومہامجوتعںوکادینٰ ابوتںرپڑگھجےتوہےئداھکی۔ںیمزیتیےساؿیکرطػایگاوراںیہنڑلےنےسرواک۔دوونںمہامجتعاکیدورسےےستہبانراضےھت۔ںیمےن‬
‫اںیہننیقلتیکہکوہاےنآپوکرُپوکسؿرکںیل۔دلجیہاوہنںےناکیدورسےےکاناشہتسئروےیوکاعمػرکدایاوردوتسنبےئگ۔‬
26. Our surroundings clean )‫(اےنرگدوشیپوکاصػرانھک‬
The word “surroundings” means everything that is around and near somebody or something. We should keep
everything that is around or near us clean and tidy. Our clean surroundings will lead to our good health. It will also help
us prevent diseases like cholera, dengue fever etc. It is a sad fact that people generally do not take care of the
environment. They do not try to keep their surroundings clean. They often throw trash in public places like parks,
markets, etc. As a result of it we find ourselves surrounded by trash. It reflects badly on us as a nation. It is our duty to
keep our surroundings clean and tidy. Each of one of us should make efforts for it. We should not throw wrappers,
shopping bags, cigarette butts etc. in the parks, market and other public places. We should dispose of trash properly.
We should also make our friends, neighbors, colleges etc, realize the importance of keeping our surroundings clean. We
should advise them to avoid littering. Moreover, we should grow trees and plants in our surroundings Media should
also play its role in this regard. Thus, our collective efforts will help us keep our surroundings clean and tidy.
‫رگدوشیپےسرمادرہزیچےہوجیسکصخشاییسکزیچےکآساپسایرقبیےہ ۔ںیمہرہزیچوکوجامہرےآساپسےہاصػرھتسیر ینھاچےیہ۔امہرااصػرھتسارگدوشیپامہریا۔یھتحصاکببس‬
‫ئی‬
‫ڈنی اخبر یسیج امیبرویں ےس ےنچب ںیم یھب امہری دمد رکے اگ۔ ہی اوسفانسک تقیقح ےہ ہک ولگ ومعًام اموحؽ اک ایخؽ ںیہن رےتھک۔ وہ اےن رگدو شیپ وک اصػ رےنھک یک وکشش ںیہن‬ ،‫ےنب اگ۔ ہی ہضیہ‬
‫رھا وہا اپےتںیہ۔ہیابت وقؾ یکتیثیح ےس امہرے ابرے ںیم رُبا ارث دیتی‬، ‫امروٹیکںوہریہ یسیجوعایم وہگجں رپارثک وکڑا رکٹکےتکنیھپ ںیہ۔ ًاتجیتنمہاےن آپ وک وکڑا رکٹکںیم‬،‫رکےت۔وہاپروکں‬
‫رگسٹی‬،‫اشگنپزگیب‬،‫امروٹیکںاوردرگیوعایموہگجںںیمرزرپز‬،‫ےہ۔اےنرگدوشیپوکاصػرھتسا رانھک امہریذہمداریےہ۔مہںیمےسرہیسکوکاسےکےیلوک ںیشرکیناچےیہ۔ںیمہاپروکں‬
‫ ر اق وہریہ وک اےن رگدو شیپ وک اصػ رےنھک یک اتیمہ ابور‬، ‫ ڑپوںویں‬،‫ےک ڑکٹے ںیہن ےنکنیھپ اچےیہ۔ ںیمہ وکڑا رکٹک وک انمبس ادنازںیم اکھٹےن اگلان اچےیہ۔ ںیمہ اچےیہ ہک مہ اےن دوںوتں‬
‫رکواںیئ۔ ںیمہاںیہننیقلترکیناچےیہہکوہرچکاریھکبےنےسرگزیرکںی۔زمدیربآںںیمہاےنرگدوشیپںیمدرتخاوروپدےاُاگےن اچےیہ۔ڈیمایوکیھباسےلسلسںیماانپرکدارادارکاناچےیہ۔‬
‫اسرطح امہریاامتجیعاکو ںیامہرےرگدوشیپوکاصػرھتسارےنھکںیمامہریدمدرکںییگ۔‬
STAR PLUS Publications 33 Class 8th
27. Dangerous Sports )‫(رطخانکںیلیھک‬
Sports are essential for the development of children and young people they keep us physically fit and mentally
alert. They also teach us to practice honesty, tolerance, dignity and other moral values. They help us gain
confidence and will – power. However, some sports prove very dangerous. Mountaineering is a very popular sport
and very risky. The players can lose their lives due to bad weather and storm. Wrestling is a dangerous sport.
Proper practice and knowledge about the sport can save your body otherwise there is a risk of breaking the neck,
arms bone of body can be broken so the players have to adopt measures regarding equipment or costume to avoid
its dangers. Bull riding is by far one of the most dangerous sports to participate in participants get on top of a bull
and hold on for dear life while the animal attempts to toss them off. Skydiving is also very risky, if the parachute
bag my unfortunately does not open on time or any other problem regarding its landing in its result, there may be
severe consequences. Skating is also very dangerous, in which bladelike runners or sets of wheels attached to
shoes are used for gliding on ice or other surface. Rugby is also very dangerous sport. It is based on running with
the ball in hand. The object of the game is to ground the ball behind the opponent‟s try line, into what is called the
in – goal area.
28. Migration to Cities )‫(رہشوںیکرطػلقناکمین‬
Migration to cities is becoming more and more frequent. These days, our villagers like to settle in big cities. There
are various reasons for it. Our villagers are migrating to cities because they do not have modern facilities in their
villages. Some people move to cities in search of work or job opportunities. When a large number of people
migrate to cities it has a very bad effect on our economy. It proves a big hurdle to making Pakistan a strong and
prosperous country. So the government must take necessary steps in this regard. It should provide facilities in the
villages and work for the betterment of the farmers.

29. Native City )‫(آابیئرہش‬

Lahore is my native city. It is the second most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi. It is situated in Punjab. It is
famous for its gardens and historical buildings like Badshahi Masjid, Lahore Fort, Minar-e-Pakistan etc. it is the
capital of Punjab. All modern facilities are available in it. Its people are very hospitable are friendly. They are fond
of eating oily and spicy food. Lahore is a really interesting city.
‫انیمراپاتسکؿوہریہیسیجاتریخیامعروتںیک‬،‫الوہراکہعلق‬،‫الوہرریماآابیئرہشےہ۔ہیرکایچےکدعباپاتسکؿاکدورساااہتنیئاجنگؿآابدرہشےہ۔ہیاجنپبںیمواعقےہ۔ہیاےناباغتاور ابداشیہ دجس‬
‫وہج ےس وہشمر ےہ۔ ہی اجنپب اک داراالخلہف ےہ۔ اس ںیم امتؾ ددی وہسایلت رسیم ےہ۔ اس ےک ولگ تہب امہمؿ وناز اور دوتس زماج ےہ۔ وہ ےنکچ اور ئاسےل دار اھکےن انتوؽ رکےن ےک ددلادہ‬
‫ںیہ۔الوہروایعقاکیدپسچلرہشےہ۔‬

30. How to become a responsible Citizen )‫(اکیذہمداررہشیےسیکںینب؟‬

A good citizen is an ideal citizen in all respects. We can become responsible citizens of our country if we obey
laws. We should create harmony. We must sacrifice our lives when and where needed. We should contribute in the
progress of the country in a positive way. We should have a spirit of co-operation, friendliness, humanity,
dedication and devotion towards his family and society. We must respect other faiths. If possess all these qualities,
we can become good citizens.
31. A house on Fire
Yesterday, I heard a noise in the street. The people were crying „Fire‟! „Fire‟! A house in
the next street was on fire. People were throwing water on the fire. The fire was spreading fast. A
child was left inside the house. A young boy jumped into the house and took out the crying child.
Everybody praised the young boy.
32. My Village
The name of my village is “Challay Wahan”. It is a small village. It has only eighty houses. It is by
the River Sutluj. Most of the villagers are farmers. There is a primary school in our village. There is also
a post office in our village. I love my village very much.
STAR PLUS Publications 34 Class 8th
33. My Favourite Hobby
I love to paint. It is my hobby. I paint with water colors. I like to paint beautiful landscapes. I
always take my art material with me. I like to sit and paint the scenery. I find my hobby refreshing to me.
I keep all my paintings carefully. I love my hobby very much.

LETTERS )‫(خــــــطــــوط‬
1. Write a letter to your father requesting him to send some money to buy books.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
My Dear Father,
Asslam-o-Alaikum! I received your letter yesterday. You have asked me about my result and my
health. I am happy to inform you about my result. I have stood first position in December test in my batch. I am
quite well here. I shall be grateful if you could sent me 1000 rupees more to buy some books. My exams are
drawing near. I assure you my final results will be also excellent Insha‟Allah. My studies are going well. Please
convey my best regards to mother and request for prayer.

Your loving son,

Ahmed Ali.

،‫ایپرےااباجؿ‬
‫امالؾ و مکیلع ! ےھجم لک آپ اک طخ ووصؽ وہا۔ آپ ےن ھجم ےس ریمے اتنجئ اور تحص ےک ابرے ںیم وپ اھچ ےہ ۔ ےھجم اےن اتنجئ اتبےت وہےئ ڑبی وخیش وہ ریہ ےہ۔ ںیم دربمس‬
‫روےپجیھبدںیاتہکںیمھچکاتکںیبرخدیولں‬3333‫ارگآپےھجم‬،‫ٹسیٹںیماینپوپریالکسںیمےسیلہپوپزنشیاحلصیکےہ۔ںیماہیںنلکلکیھٹوہں۔ںیمآپاکتہبوکشمرروہں اگ‬
‫۔ریمےااحتمانترقبیآرےہںیہ۔ںیمآپوکنیقیدالاتوہںریمےآرخیاتنجئیھبااشنءاہللرتہبنیوہںےگ۔ریمیمیلعترتہبنیاجریہےہ۔رباہرکؾوادلہاصس ہےسریمیرطػےس‬
‫زعتاکاراہراورداعیکدروخاتسرکںی۔‬
،‫آپاکایپرااٹیب‬
‫ادمحیلع‬
2. Write a letter to your brother / sister or friend congratulation him / her on his /
her success in the examination.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
Dear Ali Hamza,
Asslam-o-Alaikum, I hope, this will find you in nice health. How pleased I am to hear the
happy news of your brilliant success in the CSS Exams. Please accept my heartily congratulation. My
parents are also pleased to hear the news. Please convey our congratulations to your parents.
Your success is indeed very creditable but it is not unexpected. I am sure you will get a more brilliant
success in future.
Congratulating you again.
Yours Sincerely,
M. Ikram.
‫‪STAR PLUS Publications‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪Class 8th‬‬
‫ایپرےدوتسیلعزمحہ‪،‬‬
‫امالؾومکیلع‪،‬ےھجمادیمےہ‪،‬آپیکتحصا۔یھوہیگ۔یساسیاسیااحتمؿںیمآپیکاشدناراکایمیبیکوخش ربخینسرکےھجمتہبوخیشوہیئ ےہ۔رباہرکؾ ریمیدیلابمرةکدوبقؽرکںی۔‬
‫ریمےوادلنییھبہی ربخنسرکتہبوخشوہےئ۔رباہرکؾاےن وادلنیوکامہری رطػےسابمرةکدشیپرکدںی۔آپیک اکایمیبوایعقتہبربتعمےہنکیلہیہریوتمعقںیہنےہ۔ےھجمنیقی‬
‫ےہہکآدنئہآپوکزایدہاشدناراکایمیبےلمیگ۔دوابرہےسآپوکابمرةکد۔‬
‫آپاکصلخمدوتس‪،‬‬
‫دمحمارکاؾ‬

‫‪3. Write a letter to friend condoling the death of his / her father / mother.‬‬
‫‪Examination Hall,‬‬
‫‪City A. B.C.‬‬
‫‪February 2, 2021,‬‬
‫‪Dear Safder,‬‬
‫‪Asslam-o-Alaikum,I am deeply shocked to hear the sad news of your mother‟s death. Her death is a great‬‬
‫‪loss to you and to your family. She was a very noble and loving mother. She was very kind to me. She loved me‬‬
‫‪like her own son / daughter. May Allah her soul rest in peace. Dear, every living creature will die sooner or later.‬‬
‫‪It is the will of Allah. We cannot change the decree of fate. You will to bear this loss with patience. I shall visit‬‬
‫!‪you soon.May Allah support you‬‬
‫‪Yours lovingly,‬‬
‫‪Khalid Waleed‬‬
‫ایپرےدوتسدفصر‪،‬‬
‫االسلؾومکیلع‪،‬‬
‫آپیکوادلہیکوافتیکاوسفسانکربخنسرکےھجمتہب دصہم اچنہپےہ۔اؿیکومتآپ ےکےئلاورآپ ےکالہاخہنےکےئلتہبڑبا اصقنؿےہ۔وہاکیتہبیہدمعہاور‬
‫ایپررکےنوایلامںیھت۔وہھجمرپتہب رہمابؿیھت۔وہھجمےساےنےٹیب‪/‬یٹیبیک رطحایپ ررکیتیھت۔اہللاپکاؿیکروحوکوکسؿاطعرفامںیئ۔ریمےایپرےرہاجدناردلجایدبریء اءوہاجےئ‬
‫یگ۔ہیاہللاپکیکرمیضےہ۔مہدقتریےکرفامؿوکدبتلیںیہنوکےتکس۔آپوکہیاصقنؿربصےکاسھتربداتشرکانڑپےاگ۔ںیمدلجیہآپےسںولںاگ۔اہللاپکآپاکاحیموانرصوہ۔‬
‫آپاکایپرادوتس‬
‫اخدلودیل‬
‫‪4. Write a letter to your friend to invite him / her to your birthday party.‬‬
‫‪Examination Hall,‬‬
‫‪City A. B.C.‬‬
‫‪February 2, 2021,‬‬
‫‪Dear friend Mubeen,‬‬
‫‪As you know that my birthday is so near on 5th July. I invite you on my birthday, I request you to attend my‬‬
‫‪birthday party. I have invited all my friends in the birthday party and tell uncle and aunty also to attend it. I will feel‬‬
‫‪good if you attend my birthday party. It will be from 6 :00 to 9:00. I hope you will certainly attend the party.‬‬
‫‪Your loving friend,‬‬
‫‪M. Irfan‬‬
‫ایپرےدوتسنیبم‪،‬‬
‫االسلؾومکیلع!‬

‫اسیجہکآپاجےتنںیہہک‪5‬وجالیئریمیاسرگلہیکاترخیوجہکنلکلزندکیےہ۔ںیمآپوکاینپاسرگلہےکومعقرپآپوکدوعتداتیوہں۔ریمیڑگارشےہہکآپریمیاسرگلہیکرقتبیںیمرشتک‬
‫رکںی۔ںیمےناےنامتؾدوںوتںوکاسرگلہیکرقتبیںیمدموعایکےہاوراچچاور یچچوکیھبںیمےنرشتکےکےئلاہکےہ۔ارگآپریمیاسرگلہیکرقتبیںیمرشتکرکںیوتےھجمااھچےگلاگ۔ہیرپورگاؾ‬
‫‪3‬ےجبےس‪5‬ےجبکتوہاگ۔ےھجمادیمےہآپًانیقیاسرپورگاؾںیمرشکیوہںےگ۔‬
‫آپاکایپرادوتس‪،‬‬
‫دمحمرعافؿ‬
STAR PLUS Publications 36 Class 8th
5. Write a letter to your father / mother about your progress in studies.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
My dear parents,
Assalam-o-Alaikum, I was so happy to receive your kind letter. You have asked me to write you about my progress
in studies. You will be glad to know that I am doing very well in my studies. Fortunately, all my teachers are keenly
interested in their subjects. They give us class tests .I had showed very good results and stood first throughout in all subjects.
I hope that, with your and mother's blessings, I will get first position in annual exams. Pay my Salam to all at home.
Yours lovingly son,
Abdul Wajid
،‫ایپرےوادلنی‬
!‫امالؾومکیلع‬
‫ےھجمآپاکطخےنلمرپ تہبوخیش وہیئ۔ آپےن ھجم ےسڑپاھیئ ںیمریمی ےک ابرے ںیمےنھکلوکاہک ےہ۔آپوک ہی اجؿرکوخیشوہ یگہک ںیماینپڑپاھیئ ںیمتہبدمعہاکررکدیگاکرہارہہ رکراہ‬
‫ہک‬،‫وہں ۔ وخش یتمسق ےس ریمے ااسذتہ اینپاضم نیم ںیم اکیف دیپسچل رےتھک ںیہ۔ وہ ںیمہ الکس ٹسیٹ دےتی ںیہ۔ ںیمےن تہب اےھچ اتنجئ داھکےئ ےھتاور امتؾاضمنیم ںیم ےلہپربمن رپ راہ اھت۔ ےھجم ادیم ےہ‬
‫رھواولںوکریمامالؾ۔‬،‫آپیکاوروادلہیکداعؤںےسںیماسالہنااحتمانتںیمیلہپوپزنشیاحلصرکوںاگ۔ امتؾ‬
‫آپاکایپرااٹیب‬
‫وا د‬
6. Write a letter to your mother about your illness and recovery.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
My dear mother,
Assalam-o-Alaikum
I hope you are fine. I am very glad when I received your letter few days ago. I am sorry; I
could not reply it earlier due to my illness. I suffered from flue and fever. Doctor treated me for the last three days.
By the grace of Allah, I am quite well now. Today, I attended the school after the absence of three days.
You need not to worry at all. Allah Hafiz!
Yours lovingly son,
M Rizwan.
،‫ایپریایماجؿ‬
!‫امالؾومکیلع‬
‫اُ دیمےہآپریختیےسوہںےگ۔ھچکدؿےلہپبجےھجمآپاکطخوموصؽوہاوتےھجمتہبوخیشوہیئ۔ںیماعمیفاچاتہوہںہک ںیماینپامیبرییکوہجےسےلہپاساکوجابںیہندے اکس۔ںیمولفاور‬
‫اخبر ںیم التبم اھت۔ڈارٹکےن نیت دؿےسریماالعج راہ ےہ۔ اہللاپکےک لضف ورکؾ ےسںیم اب نلکل کیھٹوہں۔ آج ںیمنیت دؿیک دعؾوموجدیگےک دعب وکسؽ ںیممیلعتاحلصیک ےہ۔آپوک نلکلیھب‬
!‫رپاشیؿوہےنیکرضورتںیہنےہ۔اہللاح ظ‬
‫آپاکایپرااٹیب‬
‫دمحمروضاؿ‬
7. Write a letter to father about your mother‟s health / illness.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
My dear father,
Assalam-o-Alaikum
Your letter came to my hand on last Monday. I am sorry I could not write to you earlier due to
mother‟s illness. She had an attack of high fever. On the previous days, her health became very weak. I called in
STAR PLUS Publications 37 Class 8th
the family doctor who completed her checkup and suggested some medicine along with complete rest. She passed
two restless nights in fever but now she is quite well by the grace of Allah. I wanted to inform you about her
recovery. Do not worry at all.

Yours lovingly son,

Abdul Rehman.
،‫رتحمؾاوباجؿ‬
!‫امالؾومکیلع‬
‫زگ ہتریپوکآپاکطخےھجمووصؽوہاےہ۔ےھجماوسفسےہہکایماجؿیکامیبرییکوہجےسںیمآپوکےلہپوجابںیہندےاکس۔اںیہنزیتاخبراکہ ہلوہااھت۔ےلھچپدؿاؿیکتحصتہبوزموروہیئگیھت۔ںیم‬
‫زگاري نکیلاہللاپکےکلضفورکؾےسابوہنلکلکیھٹںیہ۔‬
‫ےنیلمیفڈارٹکوکالبایسجےناؿوکلمکمکیچایکاورلمکمآراؾےکاسھتھچکدوایئوجتزییک۔اوہنںےناخبرںیمدوراںیتڑبیےبینیچےس ئ‬
‫ںیمآپوکاؿیکابزاییبےکابرےںیماتباناچاتہاھت۔ابلکلرپاشیؿہنوہں۔‬
‫آپاکایپرااٹیب‬
‫دبعارلامحؿ‬
8. Write a letter to your friend telling him about the exhibition that recently held in your school.
Examination Hall,
City (A.B.C)
13 February, 2020
Dear Rauf
Assalam-o-Alaikum!
Last Saturday , an exhibition was held at our school All the boys brought their collections. Your know,
painting is my hobby. I have a number of paintings of my own. I too, took my collection of paintings to the
exhibition. There were separate stalls for different articles. Hamza, my friend and class-fellow, brought the
collection of coins. All the boys placed their collections in an orderly manner. Some of our class-fellows had no
collection at all so they arranged the stall of eatables. The parents and the relatives of the students visited the
exhibition in a great number. Our principal examined the stalls and allotted marks. At the end, the result was
announced. For your pleasure, I was the winner and got first prize. The parents were very happy at the creative
work of the students. They appreciated our teachers for conducting such a creative activity. I hope you will also
request your teachers to arrange such an activity in your school too.
Your truly,
X.Y.Z.
!‫االسلؾومکیلع‬،‫ایپرےرؤػ‬
‫اہھتےسوصتریںیانبان ریماہلغشمےہ۔ریمےاپساینپاہھتےسینبیئکوصتریںیںیہ۔‬،‫امہرےوکسؽںیماکیامنشئاکااقعندایکایگ۔ امتؾڑلےک اےناےنومجمےعالےئ۔متاجےتنوہ‬،‫ےلھچپےتفہ‬
‫اےنوکسںاکذریخہالای۔امتؾڑلوکں ےن اےناےنذریخے رتبیت‬،‫ںیمایھباہھتےسینبوصتریوںاک ہیومجمہع امنشئںیمےلایگ۔واہںفلتخم اایشءےکےیلفلتخماٹسؽےھت۔ریمادوتساورمہامجتع زمحہ‬
‫ے‬
‫دی۔امہرےھچکمہامجتعوچہکنوکیئذریخہہنرےتھکےھتاسےیلاوہنںےناھکےنےنیپیکاایشءےکاٹسؽاگلےئ۔ابلطءےکوادلنیاورر ہتداروںےنڑبیدعتادںیماسامنشئوکداھکی۔امہرے‬ ‫ےسرھک ئ‬
‫ے‬
‫دی ۔ آرخ ںیم ےجیتناک االعؿایک ایگ۔ ںیہمت ہی نس رک وخیش وہیگ ہک ںیم اوؽ آای ا ور الہپ ااعنؾ احلص ایک۔ وادلنی ابلطےک اس یقیلخت اکؾ رپ ڑبے وخش وہےئ۔‬‫رپلپسن اصبح ےن اٹسولں اک اعمہنئ ایک اورربمن ئ‬
‫اےنوکسؽںیماسرطحیکرسرگیماکااظتنؾرکےنیکدروخاتسرکوےگ۔‬،‫اُوہنںےنامہرےااسذتہوکاسرطحیکیقیلخترصموتیفرتبیتدےنیرپرسااہ۔ےھجماُدیمےہہکمتیھباےنااسذتہےس‬
‫آپاکصلخم‬
‫ا۔ب۔ج‬
STAR PLUS Publications 38 Class 8th
9. Write a letter to your uncle thanking him for a birthday present.
Examination Hall,
City (A.B.C)
14 January 2021
Dear Uncle,
Yesterday, I receive a parcel. It contained a wristwatch. You have sent it to me on my birthday. It
is a very beautiful watch. It keeps correct time. It helps me in studies. I am very thankful to you. I
promise you to take every care of it. Regards to you all.

Your affectionately,
X.Y.Z.
!‫ایپرےاچچ‬
‫لک ےھجم اپرلس الم۔ اس ںیم الکیئ ڑھگی یھت۔ آپےن ےھجم ہی ریمی اسرگلہ رپ یجیھب ےہ۔ ہی ڑبی وخوصبرت ڑھگی ےہ۔ ہی درتس اٹمئدیتی ےہ۔ ہی ڑپاھیئ ںیم ریمی دمد رکیتےہ۔ ںیمآپاک‬
‫زگرزگاروہں۔ںیمودعہرکاتوہںہکرہرطحےساسیکافحتظرکوںاگ۔بسوکمالؾ‬
‫آپاکرفامربندار‬
‫ا۔ب۔ج‬
10. Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to take greater interest in studies.
Examination Hall,
City (A.B.C)
20th December, 2017
Dear Rauf,
I have come to know from mother‟s letter that you have failed in your mid-term examination. You are not paying
attention to your brother in studies. You have joined the company of bad boys. You often waste your time in playing and
worthless activities. This non-serious behavior is the cause of your failure. I was shocked to know all this. I advise you to
change you behavior. Please, mend your ways or your future will be ruined. I hope you will act upon my advice.
You‟re affectionately,
X.Y.Z.
!‫االسلؾومکیلع‬،‫ایپرےرؤػ‬
‫ےھجم ایم اجؿ ےک طخ ےس ولعمؾ وہا ےہ ہک مت امششیہ ااحتمانت ںیم اناکؾ وہےئگ وہ۔ مت اینپ ڑپاھیئ ںیم دیپسچل ںیہن ےل رےہ۔ مت ےن طلغ ڑلوکں یک تبحص اایتخر رکیل ےہ۔ مت ارثک اانپ وتق ےنلیھک اور وضفؽ‬
‫رصموایفتںیمزگارےتوہ۔ہیہریدیجنسہروہیاہمتریاناکیمیکوہجےہ۔ےھجمہیبساجؿ رکداکچھاگل۔ںیمںیہمتتحیصنرکاتوہںہکاانپروہیدبول۔ازراہ رکؾاےنوطررطےقیدساھروورہناہمترالبقتسمابتہ‬
‫وہاجےئاگ۔ںیماُدیمرکاتوہںہکمتریمیتحیصنرپلمعرکوےگ۔‬
،‫اہمتراصلخم‬
‫ا۔ب۔ج‬
11. Write a letter to friend for the load of bike.
Examination Hall,
City (A.B.C)
15th February, 2023
My Dear Friend,
Assalam-o-Alaikum! We have decided to do some social work on Sunday. I need a bike for this
activity. Would you please lend me your bike for three days? I shall use it with care. Please convey my
best regards to your parents.
You‟re sincerely,
X.Y.Z.
STAR PLUS Publications 39 Class 8th
12. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to the marriage party of your brother.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
November 25, 2022,
Dear Friend,
Asslam-o-Alaikum! I hope you are keeping well. I am very happy to invite you to the marriage of
my brother. Please tell me the date of your arrival. We will have a great time here. Please convey my best regards
to your parents.

Yours Sincerely,
X.Y.Z
13. Write a letter to a friend inviting him to spend summer vacation with you.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
Dear Azhar,
Asslam-O-Alaikum! I am very glad to know that your school has closed for the summer
vacation and our summer vacation has already started. I think you are at the same condition. So, I wrote
this letter to invite you to spend your vacations with me in Lahore. Let us enjoy these vacations together.
So, come in without any delay. There, we will eat fish and enjoy swim in the riverboat. I assure you that
this will be an enjoyable experience for you.
I think you will come at my request. I am waiting for you. Give my best wishes to your parents.
Yours Sincerely,
Muhammad Ali.
14. Write a letter to your friend congratulation him on his success in exams.
Examination Hall,
City A. B.C.
February 2, 2021,
Dear Friend,
Asslam-o-Alaikum! I have come to know about your success in the examination. I am very pleased
to know it. You have got marks 850 out of 900. It is a matter of great pride for you and your family. Please accept
my heartiest congratulation on this brilliant success. It is all by the grace of Allah. Your parents‟ prayers for you
have also played a very important role. May you learn more and more!
Yours Sincerely,
Sanam ud din.

15. Write a letter greeting him on the occasion of independence day.

48 Bashir Block,
Bahawalpur
August 12, 2023
Dear Friend,
How are you? I hope you are doing well. I miss you a lot since you have shifted to the new school
You will be glad to know that I won the prize for delivering the best speech on the event of independence
day. My speech was appreciated as I talked about the joys of living in a free country. I also paid gratitude
to those freedom fighters who laid down their lives to let us live in free Pakistan.
I shared with my listeners that though we are still facing many problems like poverty, literacy and
corruption that affect our country‟s economy. We can conquer all the evils, if we all work together. It will
make our country a paradise on earth. Hope you also like the points of my speech which I delivered to the
audience to ponder upon. Say Salam to all at home.
Your Friend,
X.Y.Z.
STAR PLUS Publications 40 Class 8th
16. Write a letter to your younger sibling to reprimand him / her for being disrespectful with
helpers at home. Also advise to.
Examination Hall,
City (A.B.C)
13th January, 2021
Dear brother,
I am extremely shocked to learn that you have insulted the maid – servant. You have done a really great
wrong. It is a big sin to look down upon our servants and workers. We should give them due respect and praise
them for their work. Now you must apologize to the maid – servant for your rude behavior. I hope you will not
make such a mistake again.

You‟re affectionately,
X.Y.Z.
!‫االسلؾومکیلع‬،‫ایپرےاھبیئ‬
‫ےھجم ہی اجؿ رک ااہتنیئ دصہم وہا ہک مت ےن المزہم یک ےب زعیت یک ےہ۔ مت ےن وایعق تہب ڑبی یطلغ یک ےہ۔ اےن المزومں اور اکرونکں وک ریقح انھجمس ڑبا انگ ےہ۔ ںیمہ اںیہن وابج ارتحاؾ دانی‬
‫اچےیہاوراُؿےکاکؾیکوہجےساُؿیکرعتفیرکیناچےیہ۔ابںیہمتاچےیہہکمتاےناتسگاخہنروےیرپالمزہمےسذعمرترکو۔ےھجماُدیمےہہکمتایسییطلغدوابرہںیہنرکوےگ۔‬
،‫اہمتراصلخم‬
‫ا۔ب۔ج‬
17. Write a letter to the Director of Education regarding the shortage of textbooks in the
market.
321 – Omar Block,
Allama Iqbal Town,
Lahore.
April 21, 2022

The Managing Director,

Punjab Curriculum & Textbook Board,
Lahore.
Respected Sir,
Subject: Paucity of Textbooks in the area of Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore.
I would like to draw your attention to the problem of paucity of textbooks in the area of Allama Iqbal
Town, Lahore. The students of Grade VIII are facing problem as this state of affair is causing great loss to their
studies. Kindly make sure the availability of textbooks in our area at the earliest. Hope for a favorable response.
Yours sincerely,
Farhana Zulfiqar
18. Write a formal letter to the editor of the newspaper requesting the authorities to
keep the surrounding clean.
The Editor,
Daily Dawn,
Pakistan.
Dear Sir,

Through the pages of your esteem daily, we want to divert the attention of authorities to keep the
surrounding clean. In our locality, there are heaps of garbage upon which flies feed. Sewage is spread in garbage.
It is therefore requested to please take an immediate step to improve the situation. An immediate action would be
appreciated.

Regards,
Your Truly,
X.Y.Z
STAR PLUS Publications 41 Class 8th
Write a diary page about your Eid celebration.
Date: 10th January 2023,
Dear _____,
It was a pleasant day of Eid-ul-Fitr. I got up early in the morning. I took a bath and put on my new
clothes. My father took me and my cousins to the masjid to offer Eid prayers. After Eid prayers we embraced one
another warmly. Then we returned home and ate Halwa pori and sweet dishes prepared by my mother. We also
received Eidee from our grandparents. We felt very happy and excited. We sat in the living room. I chatted with
my cousins about all sorts of things. I spent hours laughing and joking with my cousins. In the evening we also
played cricket. It was perhaps the pleasantest day of my life.
Your best ______,
X.Y.Z
‫ہیدیعارطفلاکوخوگشاردؿاھت۔ںیمحبصوسریےاُاھٹ۔ںیمےنلسغایکاوراےنےئنڑپکےےنہپ۔ریمےوادلےھجماورریمےزکزنوکدیعیکامنزادارکےنےئلیک دجسےلےئگ۔دیعیکامنزےکدعبمہرگؾوجیش‬
‫وجریمیایماجؿےنایترےیکےھت۔مہےن اےندادادادیاجؿےسدیعییھبووصؽیک۔مہےنتہبوخیش‬،‫رھولٹےئگاورولحہوپریاورےھٹیماھکےناھکےئ‬،‫ےساکیدورسےےکلغبریگوہےئ۔رھپمہ‬
‫اوروجشورخوش وسحمسایک۔مہ کھٹیب ںیم ھٹیبےئگ۔ ںیمےن اےنزکزن ےسامت ؾ مسق ےکاعمالمت رپ پ پیک۔ ںیمےن اےن زکزنےک اسھت ےنسن اور ذماؼ رکےن ںیمںوٹنھںرصػےیک۔ اشؾوک مہ ےن‬
‫رکٹکیھبیلیھک۔ہیاشدیریمیزدنیگاکوخوگشاررتنیدؿاھت۔‬
DIALOGUE
1. Dialogue between two friends discussing about a cartoon movie.
You are looking so happy Mannan! What is the matter?
Wajid: ‫وا د‬
‫انمؿ!آجمتتہبوخشداھکیئدےرےہوہ۔ایکاعمہلمےہ؟‬
I am thinking about the cartoon movie I watched last night. That was wonderful.
Mannan: ‫انمؿ‬
‫ںیماساکروٹؿملفےکابرےںیموسچراہوہںوجںیمےنلکراتدیھکی۔وہریحاؿنکیھت۔‬
Wajid: What was its name? ‫اساکانؾایکاھت؟‬ ‫وا د‬
Mannan: “Moglee, The jungle Boy” ‫لگنجاکڑلاک‬،‫ومیلگ‬ ‫انمؿ‬
Wajid: Will you tell me the story? ‫ایکمتےھجماسیکاہکینانسؤےگ؟‬ ‫وا د‬
It was about a small kid, who was left in the jungle all alone and was brought up
Mannan: ‫انمؿ‬
with the wolves. ‫ہیاکیوھچےٹےچبےکابرےںیمیھتوجلگنجںیماہنترہایگاھتاوراسیکرپورشڑیھبویںےکاسھتوہیئیھت۔‬
Wajid: What happened then? ‫رھپایکوہا؟‬ ‫وا د‬
He became the member of the wolf family and all the animals became his friends.
Mannan: ‫انمؿ‬
‫وہڑیھبایاخدناؿاکہصحنبایگاورامتؾاجونراسےکدوتسنبےئگ۔‬
Wajid: Its amazing. Will you give me the movie to watch? ‫ہیریحاؿنکےہ۔ایکمتہیملفےھجمدےنھکیےکےیلدوےگ؟‬ ‫وا د‬
Sure! You can have it. I will bring it for you tomorrow.
Manan: ‫انمؿ‬
‫ًانیقی!متاےسےلےتکسوہ۔ںیماہمترےےیلاےسلکےلآؤںاگ۔‬
Wajid: Thank You. ‫اہمترازگرہی‬ ‫وا د‬
Manan: It my pleasure, Let us go to the class. ‫ےھجموخیشوہیگ۔آؤرمکہامجتعںیمںیلچ۔‬ ‫انمؿ‬
2. Dialogue between two friends talking about a recently held cricket match.
Rauf Hi. Najam! How are you? ‫ولیہمجن!متےسیکوہ؟‬ ‫رؤػ‬
I am fine. I went to your home yesterday but you were not there. Aunt told me that you
Najam ‫مجن‬
had gone to play a match. ‫رھایگاھترگممتواہںںیہنےھت۔یچچےناتبایہکمتچیمےنلیھکےئگےھت۔‬،‫ںیمکیھٹوہں۔ںیملکاہمترے‬
Rauf Yes, We had fixed a match with Technical High School. ‫مہےنلکینکیٹاہیئوکسؽیکمیٹےکاسھتچیمراھکاھت۔‬،‫اہں‬ ‫رؤػ‬
Najam What happened then? ‫رھپایکوہا؟‬ ‫مجن‬
Rauf We won the toss. Our captain selected to bat first. ‫مہےناٹساتیج۔امہرےاتپکؿےنےلہپگنٹیبرکےناکہلصیفایک۔‬ ‫رؤػ‬
STAR PLUS Publications 42 Class 8th
Najam How was your performance? ‫اہمتریاکررکدیگیسیکریہ؟‬ ‫مجن‬
Rauf I went to play at one down. ‫ںیمرسیتےربمنرپےنلیھکایگ۔‬ ‫رؤػ‬
Najam How many scores did you add? ‫متےنےنتکوکسراکااضہفایک؟‬ ‫مجن‬
I scored 20 runs but unluckily I was caught at the boundary when I tried to hit a six. Our
Rauf all team was out at 79 runs. ‫رؤػ‬
‫رزنرپآؤٹوہیئ۔‬57‫ںیمےنسیب رزنانبےئرگمدبیتمسقےسابؤڈنریرپریماچیکڑکپاایگبجںیمےناکھچاگلےنیکوکششیک۔امہریامتؾمیٹ‬
Najam Did your team win the match? ‫ایکاہمتریمیٹچیمتیجیئگ؟‬ ‫مجن‬
Yes one of our fast bowler took three wickets, one after the other. The opponent team was
Rauf ‫رؤػ‬
all out at 83 runs. ‫رزنرپڈریھوہیئگ۔‬70‫امہرےاکیافٹسابؤرلےنےکیدعبدرگیےنیتوںیٹکںیل۔فلام میٹ‬،‫یجاہں‬
Najam Congratulations! You did well. ‫ابمرکوہ!متےنااھچالیھک۔‬ ‫مجن‬
Umar Thank you. ‫اہمترازگرہی۔‬ ‫رؤػ‬
3. Dialogue between two friends discussing about increasing number of accidents
Shahid Assalam-o-Alaikum. ‫اشدہ‬
Usama Wa-Alaikum-Assalam ‫اُاسہم‬
Shaid Did you notice the number of accidents these days? ‫اشدہ‬
Usama Yes, these accidents are alarming. ‫اُاسہم‬
Shahid What are the main reasons for these accidents? ‫اشدہ‬
Usama Drivers do not follow the traffic rules. ‫اُاسہم‬
Shahid I wish we can avoid these accidents. ‫اشدہ‬
Usama Allah Hafiz. ‫اُاسہم‬
Shahid Allah Hafiz ‫اشدہ‬