MT

UKMT

UK
UKMT

United Kingdom
Mathematics Trust

Pink Kangaroo

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust

a member of the Association Kangourou sans Frontières

supported by

Solutions

These are polished solutions and do not illustrate the process of failed ideas and rough work by
which candidates may arrive at their own solutions.
It is not intended that these solutions should be thought of as the ‘best’ possible solutions and
the ideas of readers may be equally meritorious.

Enquiries about the Pink Kangaroo should be sent to:

UK Mathematics Trust, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT
T 0113 365 1121 challenges@ukmt.org.uk www.ukmt.org.uk

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
D A C C E C A D D B E E B E B A B C D E C B D A B
Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

1. Carolina has a box of 30 matches. She begins to make the number

2022 using matchsticks. The diagram shows the first two digits.
How many matchsticks will be left in the box when she has finished?
A 20 B 19 C 10 D 9 E 5

Solution D
Each of the twos in “2022” requires 5 matches, so 15 altogether. And she needs six matches for
the zero, which leaves 30 − 15 − 6 = 9 matches.

2. A square has the same perimeter as an equilateral triangle whose sides all have length
12 cm.
What is the length, in cm, of the sides of the square?
A 9 B 12 C 16 D 24 E 36

Solution A
The triangle has perimeter 3 × 12 = 36 cm. The length, in cm, of the sides of the square is
36 ÷ 4 = 9 cm.

3. Some shapes are drawn on a piece of paper. The teacher

folds the left-hand side of the paper over the central bold
line. How many of the shapes on the left-hand side will fit
exactly on top of a shape on the right-hand side?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5

Solution C
A shape on the left-hand side will fit exactly over a shape on the right-hand side if it is a mirror
image and the same distance away from the fold line. Therefore, the top three shapes will fit
exactly, but the circles are not the same distance from the fold line and the lower triangles are
not mirror images of each other.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 2

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

4. Katrin arranges tables measuring 2 m by 1 m ac-

cording to the number of participants in a meeting.
The diagrams show the plan view for a small, a
medium and a large meeting.
How many tables are needed for a large meeting? 3m 5m
7m
A 10 B 11 C 12 D 14 E 16

Solution C
Every 7 m length of the square consists of one 1 m edge of a table and three
2 m edges. Thus every side of the square uses three tables, and Katrin needs
4 × 3 = 12 tables altogether.

5. On Nadya’s smartphone, the diagram shows how much time she spent
last week on four of her apps. This week she halved the time spent on
two of these apps, but spent the same amount of time as the previous
week on the other two apps.
Which of the following could be the diagram for this week?

A B C D E

Solution E
In Diagram E the times for the first and third apps have been halved, while the other two are
unchanged. It can be easily checked that the other diagrams do not work.

6. There were five candidates in the school

Henry India Jenny Ken Lena
election. After 90% of the votes had been 14 11 10 8 2
counted, the preliminary results were as
shown on the right. How many students
still had a chance of winning the election?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5

Solution C
The 45 votes already cast are 90% of those available. So the remaining 10% is 45 ÷ 9 = 5 votes.
If Henry wins at least two of the five votes then he is certain to win the election. If India or
Jenny win all five of these votes, they would be ahead of Henry. But if Ken or Lena secure five
more votes, they would still be behind Henry. Hence only Henry, India and Jenny still have a
chance of winning.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 3

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

7. Five squares and two right-angled triangles are positioned

as shown. The areas of three squares are 3 m2 , 7 m2 and 3 7
22 m2 as shown.
What is the area, in m2 , of the square with the question 22 ?
mark?
A 18 B 19 C 20 D 21 E 22

Solution A
Notice that the central square shares an edge with both of the right-angled triangles and in each
case the shared side is the hypotenuse of the triangle. By Pythagoras’ Theorem, the area of the
central square is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the shorter sides. By considering
the triangle on the left we see the area, in m2 , of the central square is 22 + 3 = 25. Then, by
considering the triangle on the right we see that the unknown area, in m2 , is 25 − 7 = 18.

8. A ladybird aims to travel from hexagon X to hexagon Y, passing through

X Y
each of the seven unshaded hexagons once and only once. She can move
from one hexagon to another only through a common edge. How many
different routes could she take?
A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E 6

Solution D
Any such route will need to travel anticlockwise around the outer ring of unshaded hexagons.
At some point the ladybird must enter the central hexagon and then exit it to the next available
outer hexagon. There are five points at which the ladybird could enter the central hexagon
(since she cannot do it from the final unshaded hexagon), and each gives a different route, hence
five routes.

9. Adam laid 2022 tiles in a long line. Beata removed every sixth tile. Carla then removed
every fifth tile. Doris then removed every fourth tile. Lastly, Eric removed all of the
remaining tiles.
How many tiles did Eric remove?
A 0 B 337 C 674 D 1011 E 1348

Solution D
Beata leaves five-sixths of the tiles. Carla leaves four-fifths of the remaining tiles. Doris
leaves three-quarters of what’s left. Hence the number of tiles which Eric removes is
5 4 3 3 1
6 × 5 × 4 × 2022 = 6 × 2022 = 2 × 2022 = 1011.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 4

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

10. The centres of the seven circles shown all lie on the same
line. The four smaller circles have radius 1 cm. The circles
touch, as shown.
What is the total area of the shaded regions?
A π cm2 B 2π cm2 C 3π cm2 D 4π cm2
E 5π cm2

Solution B
If the shaded pieces on the right-hand side are re- 2 cm
flected in a central vertical line, the total shaded
area is then the area of one large circle minus the
areas of two small circles. The radius of each large
circle is 2 cm so the shaded area, in cm2 , equals
π × 22 − 2 × π × 12 = 4π − 2π = 2π.

11. Gran’s first grandchild guessed that Gran was 75, the second 78 and the third 81. It
turned out that one of them was mistaken by 1 year, another one by 2 years and the
other by 4 years. What is Gran’s age?
A 76 B 77 C 78 D 79
E impossible to determine

Solution E
Gran could be 77 (which is 1 below 78, 2 above 75 and 4 below 81). But she could also be 79
(1 above 78, 2 below 81, 4 above 75). Hence it is impossible to determine her age from the
information given.

12. Twelve congruent rectangles are placed together to make a rectangle P S

PQRS as shown. What is the ratio PQ : QR?
A 2:3 B 3:4 C 5:6 D 7:8 E 8:9
Q R

Solution E
Let l be the length of the long side, and w be the length of the short side of each rectangle. Then
PS = 3l and QR = 3w + l so 2l = 3w (since PS = QR). Then QR = 3w + l = 3w + 32 w = 29 w.
Also, PQ = 2l + w = 4w. Hence the ratio PQ : QR is 4 : 29 , which is 8 : 9.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 5

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

13. A rabbit and a hedgehog participated in a running race on a 550 m long circular track,
both starting and finishing at the same point. The rabbit ran clockwise at a speed of
10 m/s and the hedgehog ran anticlockwise at a speed of 1 m/s. When they met, the
rabbit continued as before, but the hedgehog turned round and ran clockwise. How
many seconds after the rabbit did the hedgehog reach the finish?

Solution B
Initially their relative speed, in m/s, is 10 + 1 = 11, so the time in seconds which elapses
before they meet is 550 ÷ 11 = 50 seconds. The hedgehog takes 50 seconds to get back again,
and the rabbit covers the same distance in one-tenth of the time (5 seconds). Hence a difference
of 45 seconds.

14. The diagram shows a square PQRS of side-length 1. W is the

P V S
centre of the square and U is the midpoint of RS. Line segments
TW, UW and VW split the square into three regions of equal area.
1 U
What is the length of SV? W
1 2 3 4 5 Q T R
A B C D E
2 3 4 5 6

Solution E
Let the length of SV be x. Since the three areas are equal, each must be equal to one third.
We know UW = 12 and SU = 12 , so the area of the trapezium SVWU is 12 × (x + 21 ) × 12 = 31 .
Multiplying both sides by 4, we get (x + 12 ) = 34 so x = 43 − 21 = 65 .

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 6

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

15. Eight teams participated in a football tournament, and each team played exactly once
against each other team. If a match was drawn then both teams received 1 point; if not
then the winner of the match was awarded 3 points and the loser received no points. At
the end of the tournament the total number of points gained by all the teams was 61.
What is the maximum number of points that the tournament’s winning team could have
obtained?
A 16 B 17 C 18 D 19 E 21

Solution B
Let D be the number of drawn matches; then the number of points awarded for draws is 2D
(one point for each team in the match). Let W be the number of matches that resulted in a
win; then the number of points awarded for these matches is 3W. Thus the total number of
points is 2D + 3W = 61 [1]. Each of the 8 teams played 7 others, so the number of matches is
8 × 7 ÷ 2 = 28 (each match has been counted twice, so we need to divide by 2). Since each
match is either a draw or a win (for one team), we have D + W = 28 [2].
Equation [1] - 2 × equation [2] gives W = 5. So exactly 5 matches were won. Hence the
maximum number of points that the winning team could have obtained is 5 × 3 + 2 = 17 (5
wins and 2 draws).

16. Two congruent isosceles right-angled triangles each have

squares inscribed in them as shown. The square P has an
area of 45 cm2 . P R
What is the area, in cm2 , of the square R?
A 40 B 42 C 45 D 48 E 50

Solution A
The diagram on the left shows a dissection of the triangle
and square P into 4 congruent triangles. They are congruent
because they each have the same angles (90°, 45°, 45°) and R
P
have one side whose length is equal to the side of the square.
Since P has area 45 cm2 , each of the small triangles has area
22.5 cm2 . Hence the large triangle has area 90 cm2 .

The diagram on the right shows a dissection of the triangle and square R into 9 congruent
triangles. They are congruent because they each have the same angles (90, 45, 45) and have
one side whose length is equal to half a diagonal of the square. Each of these nine triangles has
area, in cm2 , of 90 ÷ 9 = 10 cm2 . Hence the area of square R is 4 × 10 = 40 cm2 .

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 7

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

17. Veronica put on five rings: one on her little finger, one on her middle finger and three
on her ring finger. In how many different orders can she take them all off one by one?
A 16 B 20 C 24 D 30 E 45

Solution B
There are five options for when the ring on the little finger is removed. There are then four
options for when the ring on the middle finger is removed. There are then no options for when
the three rings on the ring finger are removed since they must be taken off in order in the three
remaining slots. So there are 5 × 4 = 20 possible orders.

18. A certain city has two types of people: the ‘positives’, who only ask questions for
which the correct answer is “yes” and the ‘negatives’ who only ask questions for which
the correct answer is “no”. When Mo and Bo met Jo, Mo asked, “Are Bo and I both
negative?” What can be deduced about Mo and Bo?
A Both positive B Both negative
C Mo negative, Bo positive D Mo positive, Bo negative
E impossible to determine

Solution C
If Mo is positive, then the answer to his question must be “Yes” and that means he is negative,
a contradiction. Hence Mo is negative. Therefore the answer to his question must be “No”. So
Mo and Bo cannot both be negative, and therefore Bo must be positive.

19. A group of pirates (raiders, sailors and cabin boys) divided 200 gold and 600 silver
coins between them. Each raider received 5 gold and 10 silver coins. Each sailor
received 3 gold and 8 silver coins. Each cabin boy received 1 gold and 6 silver coins.
How many pirates were there altogether?
A 50 B 60 C 72 D 80 E 90

Solution D
Let R be the number of raiders, S the number of sailors and C the number of cabin boys.
Then the number of gold coins is 5R + 3S + C = 200 [1]. The number of silver coins is
10R+8S +6C = 600 [2]. Subtracting [1] from [2] gives 5R+5S +5C = 400, so R+ S +C = 80.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 8

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

20. Cuthbert is going to make a cube with each face divided into four
squares. Each square must have one shape drawn on it; either a cross,
a triangle or a circle. Squares that share an edge must have different
shapes on them. One possible cube is shown in the diagram. Which
of the following combinations of crosses and triangles is possible on
such a cube (with the other shapes being circles)?
A 6 crosses, 8 triangles B 7 crosses, 8 triangles C 5 crosses, 8 triangles
D 7 crosses, 7 triangles E none of these are possible

Solution E
Each vertex of the cube consists of three squares each sharing a common edge with the other
two. Hence each vertex must have one of each shape drawn on its three squares. Since there
are 8 vertices, there must be 8 of each shape. Hence none of the options listed is possible.

21. A grocer has twelve weights, weighing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 kilograms

respectively. He splits them into three groups of four weights each. The total weights
of the first and second groups are 41 kg and 26 kg respectively. Which of the following
weights is in the same group as the 9 kg weight?
A 3 kg B 5 kg C 7 kg D 8 kg E 10 kg

Solution C
The total weight is 1 + 2 + . . . + 12 kg = 78 kg. The first two groups weigh 41 kg and 26 kg,
leaving (78 − 41 − 26) kg = 11 kg for the third group. Since this is only 1 kg heavier than the
smallest possible combination of (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) kg = 10 kg, there is only one way to combine
4 weights to get 11 kg, namely (1 + 2 + 3 + 5) kg. The next smallest combination would then be
(4 + 6 + 7 + 8) kg = 25 kg, so the only way to get 26 kg would be (4 + 6 + 7 + 9) kg = 26 kg.
Hence the 9 kg weight is in the same group as the 7 kg.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 9

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

22. The bases of the two touching squares shown lie on the R
same straight line. The lengths of the diagonals of the Q
larger square and the smaller square are 10 cm and 8 cm
respectively. P is the centre of the smaller square. What is P
the area, in cm2 , of the shaded triangle PQR?
A 18 B 20 C 22 D 24 E 26

Solution B
Angles RST and T SQ are each 45° so triangle RSQ is a right-angled T
R
triangle with area, in cm2 , equal to 12 × RS × QS = 21 × 10 × 8 = 40. Q
P is the midpoint of QS so the area of triangle PQR is half of the
area of triangle RSQ, that is 20 cm2 . P
S

23. The product of the digits of the positive integer N is 20.

One of the following could not be the product of the digits of N + 1. Which is it?
A 24 B 25 C 30 D 35 E 40

Solution D
There are two ways to make a list of digits whose product is 20: either use 2, 2, 5 and any
number of 1s; or use 4, 5 and any number of 1s. Either way, none of the digits of N is 9 so the
digits of N + 1 will be the same as the digits of N but with one of them increased by 1. Using
2, 2, 5 and any number of 1s gives the following possibilities: 3, 2, 5 and any number of 1s,
with product 30; 2, 2, 6 and any number of 1s, with product 24; 2, 2, 5, 2 and any number of
1s, with product 40. Using 4, 5 and any number of 1s gives these possibilities: 5, 5 and any
number of 1s, product 25; 4, 6 and any number of 1s, product 24; 4, 5, 2 and any number of 1s,
product 40. The only option given that cannot be made is 35.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 10

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

24. The lengths of the sides of pentagon ABCDE are as follows: AB = 16 cm, BC = 14 cm,
CD = 17 cm, DE = 13 cm, AE = 14 cm. Five circles with centres at the points A,
B, C, D, E are drawn so that each circle touches both of its immediate neighbours.
Which point is the centre of the largest circle?
A B C D E

Solution A
Let RA, RB, RC, RD, RE be the radii, in cm, of the circles with centres at A, B, C, D, E respectively.
Each side of the pentagon is equal to the sum of the radii of the circles whose centres are at its
endpoints. That is:

AB = RA + RB = 16 [1]
BC = RB + RC = 14 [2]
CD = RC + RD = 17 [3]
DE = RD + RE = 13 [4]
E A = RE + RA = 14. [5]

Adding these gives

2(RA + RB + Rc + RD + RE ) = 74
so RA + RB + Rc + RD + RE = 37. [6]

Adding [1] and [3] gives

RA + RB + Rc + RD = 33. [7]

Subtracting [7] from [6] gives RE = 4.

Substituting RE into [5] gives RA = 10.
Substituting RA into [1] gives RB = 6.
Substituting RB into [2] gives RC = 8.
Substituting RC into [3] gives RD = 9. Hence the largest radius is RA.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 11

Pink Kangaroo 2022 Solutions

25. The cube shown has sides of length 2 units. Holes in the shape
of a hemisphere are carved into each face of the cube. The six
hemispheres are identical and their centres are at the centres of the
faces of the cube. The holes are just large enough to touch the hole
on each neighbouring face. What is the diameter of each hole?
√ √ √
A 1 B 2 C 2− 2 D 3− 2
√
E 3− 3

Solution B
Let P and Q be the centres of two adjacent hemispheres. The faces
on which these hemispheres are carved meet at an edge. Let M be
the midpoint of that edge. Then M P = MQ = 1. Also M PQ is
a right-angled triangle since the two faces are perpendicular. By
Pythagoras,
√ M P2 + MQ2 = PQ2 , so PQ2 = 1 + 1 = 2. Hence
PQ = 2, and PQ is equal to the sum of two radii, so is the same
as the diameter of the hemispheres.

© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust www.ukmt.org.uk 12