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Corporate Law

Academic writing must be clear, concise, structured and backed by evidence. It is a formal style of writing used in universities and scholarly publications. The main types of academic writing are descriptive, analytical, persuasive, and critical. Descriptive writing provides facts or summaries, while analytical writing organizes information into categories. Persuasive writing presents an argument with evidence to support a point of view. Critical writing considers multiple perspectives by evaluating arguments and alternative interpretations. Effective academic writing requires planning, outlining one's ideas, using formal language, and developing logical arguments supported by relevant evidence.

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28 views23 pages

Corporate Law

Academic writing must be clear, concise, structured and backed by evidence. It is a formal style of writing used in universities and scholarly publications. The main types of academic writing are descriptive, analytical, persuasive, and critical. Descriptive writing provides facts or summaries, while analytical writing organizes information into categories. Persuasive writing presents an argument with evidence to support a point of view. Critical writing considers multiple perspectives by evaluating arguments and alternative interpretations. Effective academic writing requires planning, outlining one's ideas, using formal language, and developing logical arguments supported by relevant evidence.

Uploaded by

noorvkhan14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GCUF (HAFIZABAD CAMPUS)

Class: BS Commerce
Course Title: Technical Writing
Topic: Academic Writing
Submitted by:
Noor-ul-ain
Hifza Idrees
Areeva Gulzar
Submitted to:
Professor Adil
Date: 27-June-2023
What Is Academic Writing?
• Academic Writing must be concise,clear, focused, structed and back up by
evidence.
• Academic writing is a formal style of writing used in universities and
scholarly publications. You’ll encounter it in journal articles and books on
academic topics, and you’ll be expected to write your essays, research
papers, and dissertation in academic style.
• An example would be a summary of an article or a report of the results of
an experiment.
• “Purpose” means why you are writing, and what effect you hope to
have. The most common purpose in academic writing is to explain
some idea or research finding and to persuade readers that your
explanation or theory is the correct one. In doing so, you may need to
describe an object, place, or activity. Sometimes you might write to
narrate set of events, in the manner of a story.
• In every case, you need to choose the supporting information – such
as examples, illustrations, statistics, quotations or the like – that best
achieve your purpose.
Characteristics of Academic Writing
• Planning:
• Academic Writing is impossible without a plan.Planning include the
analyzing the source of work so that it echoes with general ideas and
thesis of paper.
• Outline:
• An appropriate outline is obligatory for academic Without a suitable
outline you would not be able to put your ideas into words correctly
and will be confused by number of pessages,present in work.
Characteristics of Academic Writing
• Language:
• Academic Writing accept formal type.you you can not use slang and
informal expression.
• Approach:
• You have logical and consistent , otherwise your reader will be
confused about rational connection between sentenses.
Types of academic writing
• The four main types of academic writing are descriptive, analytical,
persuasive and critical. Each of these types of writing has specific
language features and purposes.
Descriptive
• The simplest type of academic writing is descriptive. Its purpose is to
provide facts or information. An example would be a summary of an
article or a report of the results of an experiment.
• The kinds of instructions for a purely descriptive assignment include:
‘identify’, ‘report’, ‘record’, ‘summarise’ and ‘define’.
Analytical
• Most academic writing is also analytical. Analytical writing includes
descriptive writing, but also requires you to re-organise the facts and
information you describe into categories, groups, parts, types or
relationships.
• The kinds of instructions for an analytical assignment include:
‘analyse’, ‘compare’, ‘contrast’, ‘relate’, and ‘examine’.
To make your writing more analytical:

• Spend plenty of time planning. Brainstorm the facts and ideas, and try
different ways of grouping them, according to patterns, parts,
similarities and differences. You could use colour-coding, flow charts,
tree diagrams or tables.
Persuasive
• In most academic writing, you are required to go at least one step
further than analytical writing, to persuasive writing. Persuasive
writing has all the features of analytical writing (that is, information
plus re-organising the information), with the addition of your own
point of view. Most essays are persuasive, and there is a persuasive
element in at least the discussion and conclusion of a research article.
To help reach your own point of view on the facts or ideas:

• Read some other researchers’ points of view on the topic. Who do


you feel is the most convincing?
• Look for patterns in the data or references. Where is the evidence
strongest?
To develop your argument:

• List the different reasons for your point of view.


• Think about the different types and sources of evidence which you
can use to support your point of view.
• Consider different ways that your point of view is similar to, and
different from, the points of view of other researchers.
To present your argument, make sure:

• Your reasoning for each claim is clear to the reader.


• Your assumptions are valid.
• You have evidence for every claim you make.
• You use evidence that is convincing and directly relevant.
Critical
• Critical writing is common for research, postgraduate and advanced
undergraduate writing. It has all the features of persuasive writing,
with the added feature of at least one other point of view. While
persuasive writing requires you to have your own point of view on an
issue or topic, critical writing requires you to consider at least two
points of view, including your own.
• For example, you may explain a researcher’s interpretation or
argument and then evaluate the merits of the argument, or give your
own alternative interpretation.
• Examples of critical writing assignments include a critique of a journal
article, or a literature review that identifies the strengths and
weaknesses of existing research. The kinds of instructions for critical
writing include: ‘critique’, ‘debate’, ‘disagree’ and ‘evaluate’.
• You need to:
• Accurately summarise all or part of the work. This could include
identifying the main interpretations, assumptions or methodology.
Thank you

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