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English Grade 8 Module

Quarter 4 Module 3
Cause-Effect Relationship

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I. CAUSE-EFFECT AND OTHERS
*Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development, (EN8G-Ia-7)

II. Concept Notes

What might happen if kids didn’t go to school,

if music didn’t exist, if people didn’t need to sleep?
What interesting if’s can you think of ? Describe
the results.

It is often considered human nature to ask, “why?” and “how?”. We want to know
how our child got sick so we can better prevent it from happening in the future, or why a
colleague received a pay raise because we want one as well. We want to know how much
money we will save over the long term if we buy a hybrid car, or how long we will live if we
exercise daily. These examples identify only a few of the relationships we think about in
our lives, but each shows the importance of understanding cause and effect.

A cause is the reason something happens, and an effect is the result by a cause.
A paragraph based on cause and effect can be organized in two ways.

One way to organized a cause –and effect paragraph is to state the cause at the
beginning. Then give supporting sentences that explain the effects resulting from the
cause. Look at the example below.

Juvy Fabi, a popular painter, was impressed by

some young students who visited Lapu-Lapu City last
December 2018. Therefore, he decided to go to Olango
Island and paint the scenes of the seashores of the
island. This decision would make him a famous artist.

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 As you can see the young students visit resulted in a new career for Juvy Fabi.
Also, noticed that the word therefore acts as a signal to show the reader the cause-and-
effect relationship.

Another way to organize a cause-and-effect paragraphs is to give the effect first,

followed by a causes. Look at this example second example.

Jimmy’s school guards are not noble men

who demand parents admiration. Instead, they
are strict, slightly reckless, ordinary human beings
. . . . This is probably because Jimmy had been a
school guard, and he might have felt silly
glorifying the kind of life he himself had lived.

Noticed that the word because signals a caused-and-effect- or, in this instance,
an effect-and-cause-relationship. Other words that act as signals include therefore, since,
as a result, and consequently.

A cause is something that produces an event or condition;

An effect is what results from an event or condition.

Cause and Effect Examples

Cause Effect
a. I never brush my teeth. I have 5 cavities.
b. He always Smokes cigarette. Lung cancer
c. Many buffalo were killed. Buffalo almost became extinct.
d. He broke his arm. The doctor put it in a cast.

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 Another Example:

Video game is a serious problem in many parts of the world today and deserves
more attention. It is no secret that children and adults in many countries throughout the
world, including Japan, China, and the United States, play video games every day. Most
players are able to limit their usage in ways that do not interfere with their daily lives, but
many others have developed an addiction to playing video games and suffer detrimental
effects.

Cause - video game Effect - 1. addiction to playing

2. suffer detrimental effects

The cause-and-effect idea can be organized in one of the following two primary ways:
• Start with the cause and then talk about the effects.
• Start with the effect and then talk about the causes.

Example:
A. Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work.
(Cause) (Effect)

B. We were late for the work because the alarm was not set.
(Effect) (Cause)

C. As the wind speed increases, the sail boat moves faster.

(Cause) (Effect)

D. The sail boat moves faster as the wind speed increases.

(Effect) (Cause)

PHRASES OF CAUSATION

a. as a result (because of something)

b. because (for the reason that )

c. hence (for this reason)

d. thus (in this way)

e. consequently (as a result)

f. due to (expected at or planned for at a certain time)

g. since (between then and now)

h. therefore (for that reason, consequently)

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Examples:

1. As a result of the accident, he was out of work for three months.

2. He couldn't sleep because of the noise outside his window.
3. The roads were covered in ice; hence it was not safe to drive.
4. He doesn't speak English, and thus it has been very hard for him to find a job.
5. The words are often confused and are consequently misused.
6. His defeat was due to the lottery issue
7. He has had two jobs since he graduated.
8. He didn't wake up early. Consequently, he was late to work.
9. In 2018, Fabi gave up his career as a school teacher consequently, became a painter.
10. He wanted to study in Cebu City. So, he spent several summers among various islands.

Steps in finding the cause-effect relationship

1. Look for unstated cause-and-effect relationships

2. Look for the signal words that show cause-and-effect relationships.
3. Look for effects that are also causes. Effects can form a chain in which one
effect goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on.

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 III. Learning Tasks
Task 1
Match the statements in Column A with those in Column B that match the cause-effect
relationship.
Column A Column B
__ 1.Health is wealth, therefore… A. we must dispose of them properly.

__ 2.Accidents can happen anywhere, B. it does not make the soil barren.

consequently…. C. we must exercise caution all the times.

__ 3.Gasoline is highly flammable, so… D. we must take it as prescribed.

__ 4.Plastic bags are non-biodegradable, thus.. E. we should not light a match near it.

__ 5.Organic fertilizer should be preferred to F. we must take care of our body

artificial fertilizer, since …

__ 6. Vitamins are needed in our health, thus…

Task 2

Write CE if the cause is mentioned before the effect. Write EC if the effect is pointed out
before the cause. Write O if the sentence does not show cause-effect relationship

___ 1.The denuding of our forests causes floods because the big roots of trees are no
longer there to prevent the rain water from rushing down to the lowlands.

___ 2.The land loses its fertility because the topsoil is washed away by the rushing water.

___ 3. In order to save our forests, tree saplings should be planted to replace the trees
that have been cut down.

___ 4. Unless we have reforestation drives, we will soon use up our forest reserves.

___ 5. The burning of forests to put a clearing is another reason for the denudation of
our forests.

___ 6. Gina Lampay, a business woman and an expert dressmaker, is famous for her
handmade embroidered palda of the Cebuanos.

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 • Task 3
Read the text on Pollution. What causes are given for the different types of Pollution?
What expressions are used to signal those causes? Write the answers on your paper.

We live with all sorts of pollution in our midst. First of all, we have air
pollution caused by burning of fuel in homes, factories, and transports.
Secondly, we have water pollution resolution from the chemical waste poured by
industries into our waterways. Thirdly, we have noise pollution brought on by the
tooting of horns, blaring stereo sets and radios, and the sonic boom of jet planes.
Finally we have mind pollution. This comes as a result of the pornographic
material which develops wrong attitudes towards sex.

Expressions Used to
Types of Pollution Causes Signal the Causes
1. Air Pollution - -

2.Water Pollution - -

3. Noise Pollution - -

4. Mind Pollution - -

Task 4

A. Write the phrase/words in your paper that contain a cause-and-effect relationship.

List any words that are used to signal cause and effect.

Example: I worked hard in school last year because I liked to receive gold medals.

Answer: worked hard; liked to receive gold medals - because

1. Lino returned to the barrio because he wanted to buy a small piglet and goat.
Answer: ________________________________ - __________________________

2. Easterners were curious about how the native people and other tribes lived,
so, they came to see the place.
Answer: _______________________________ - __________________________

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 3. The customer was displeased with her meal, hence the chef prepared a replacement.
Answer: ______________________________ - __________________________

4. At that time, photography did not exist; as a result, Nelson’s precise portrayals
became works of great importance.
Answer: _____________________________ - ___________________________

5. A basketball player was traveling. Thus, the referee called a penalty.

Answer: ____________________________ - ___________________________

6. Teachers have more time in school this year consequently, they are working the
modules of the students.
Answer: ____________________________ - ___________________________

7. Science has found cures for many diseases that were once considered fatal,
as a result of thorough study of some scientist.
Answer: ________________________________ - _________________________

8. In the city, wearing seat belts is now required by law therefore, we need to
obey the given policy
Answer: _______________________________ - _________________________

9. Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work. .
Answer: ______________________________ - _________________________

10. A child eats only junk food and never does anything active. As a result, the
child is obese.
Answer: ______________________________ - __________________________

11. Since the refrigerator was practically empty, we had to go to the store.
Answer: ______________________________ - __________________________

12. The growing childhood obesity epidemic is a result of technology.

Answer: _____________________________ - __________________________

13. When people cut down trees to clear land, they destroy the habitats of birds.
As a result, fewer baby birds are hatched, and the bird population declines.
Answer: ____________________________ - ___________________________

14. Maria didn’t follow the recipe correctly, so the cake did not come out as expected.
Answer: ____________________________ - ____________________________

15. Since the electricity went out for most of the day, the ice cream in the freezer melted.
Answer: ___________________________ - _____________________________

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B. Read the following paragraphs , then identify the cause and effect in each one.

(1.) The man fell down the ladder, he broke his leg, (2.) the doctor put
a cast on it, many girls signed the cast, he got into a relationship,(3.) he
wasn't able to make it back on time for dinner as he had a date,(4.) his
mom fell down the stairs and died alone without necessary help, (5.) he
became distracted in his studies, he started drinking, his girlfriend broke up
with him.

(6.) He became depressed, he had to live in his father's place, (7) his
father thought him how to handle depression, he did well in school again,
he graduated, he got into college, he got a hot girlfriend,(8.) he started
doing business, he made a lot of money. He became one of the most
successful people.

Cause Effect
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Assessment:
Make Cause and Effect Anchor Chart
Write it on a short clean bond paper.

CAUSE
regular body exercises EFFECT
a strong and healthy body
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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IV. Reflection
1. How do you explain cause and effect?__________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Why is it important to know cause and effect ? ____________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

V. References
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing- for-
success-cause-and-effect/
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cause-and-effect-examples.html
Meeting my Needs for English II Textbook Second Year High School
By: Ma.Lourdes G. Tayao, Isabelita M. Santos, Paulina C. Santos, Menelea M. Chiu
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Wri
ting_I_(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A
_Cause_and_Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/15951
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/832
https://www.peac.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ENGGR8Q2-Lesson-1.pdf
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Wri
ting_I_(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A
_Cause_and_Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-
success-cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/English_
101%3A_English_Composition_(Woodring)/06%3A_Rhetorical_Modes_of_Writing/6.
04%3A_Cause_and_Effect
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Wri
ting_I_(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A
_Cause_and_Effect

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https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-
success-cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/English_
101%3A_English_Composition_(Woodring)/06%3A_Rhetorical_Modes_of_Writing/6.
04%3A_Cause_and_Effect
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Wri
ting_I_(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A
_Cause_and_Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-
success-cause-and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/English_
101%3A_English_Composition_(Woodring)/06%3A_Rhetorical_Modes_of_Writing/6.
04%3A_Cause_and_Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-
success-cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/English_
101%3A_English_Composition_(Woodring)/06%3A_Rhetorical_Modes_of_Writing/6.
04%3A_Cause_and_Effect
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Wri
ting_I_(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A
_Cause_and_Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-
success-cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/15-9-cause-and-effect-essay/
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Wri
ting_I_(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A
_Cause_and_Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html

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https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-
and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/English_101%3A
_English_Composition_(Woodring)/06%3A_Rhetorical_Modes_of_Writing/6.04%3A_Cause_
and_Effect
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Academic_Writing_I_
(Ford)/05%3A_Cause_and_Effect_Essay/05.4%3A_Writing_for_Success%3A_Cause_and_
Effect
https://www.kellogg.edu/upload/eng151/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-and-
effect/index.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing-for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-success-cause-
and-effect/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Harrisburg_Area_Community_College/English_101%3A
_English_Composition_(Woodring)/06%3A_Rhetorical_Modes_of_Writing/6.04%3A_Cause_
and_Effect
https://www.yourdictionary.com/hence
https://brainly.ph/question/7159930
https://www.middlestonemoor.durham.sch.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/78/2020/06/GPS-
Year-3-Spring-Block-1-Step-4-AR-Using-Adverbs-to-Express-Cause-1.pdf
https://greenpeacesoutheastasia.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/celebrating-10-years-of-saving-
the-amazon-rainforest/
https://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_it_important_to_understand_cause_and_effect_when_s
tudying_the_past
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/writing- for-success-
cause-and-effect/
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cause-and-effect-examples.html
Meeting my Needs for English II Textbook Second Year High School By: Ma.Lourdes G.
Tayao, Isabelita M. Santos, Paulina C. Santos, Menelea M. Chiu
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cause-and-effect-examples.html
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1coreq/chapter/cause-and-effect-essays/
https://studylib.net/doc/17788156/cc.s.id.9--analysis-of-data--distinguish-between
https://www.wkw.com/legal-dictionary/blog/legal-definition-causation/
https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/us/en/higher-
ed/en/products-services/course
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/hence
https://simplicable.com/new/cause-and-effect
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/266275396693277670/?d=t&mt=login
https://www.google.com/search?q=healthy+body+drawing&rlz=1C1CHZL_enPH7
http://worldwidefrontier.com/2017/10/transition-words-causation-sequence
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect

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https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/10-8-cause-and-effect/
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cause-and-effect-examples.html
https://www.coursehero.com/file/82049431/Eng8-Q2-Mod8-v3docx/
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cause-and-effect
https://essaypro.com/blog/cause-and-effect-essay
https://lightburnsoftware.github.io/NewDocs/ImageMasking.html
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cause-and-effect
https://handmadewriting.com/blog/guides/cause-and-effect-essay-outline/
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cause-and-effect
https://essaypro.com/blog/cause-and-effect-essay
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/cause-and-effect/cause-and-
effect-example-paragraphs/
https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/15-9-cause-and-effect-essay/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/student-sample-cause-and-effect-
essay/
http://www.manythings.org/audio/sentences/101.html
https://www.coursehero.com/file/pq2pa0v/2-Maintainability-This-comes-as-a-result-of-the-ability-to-
successfully-make/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1coreq/chapter/cause-and-effect-essays/
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/287924/difference-between-couldnt-and-wasnt-able-to
https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Adams-Pharmacology-Connections-to-Nursing-
Practice-4th-Edition/PGM1869531.html
https://www.pearson.com/us/404-page-not-found.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1coreq/chapter/cause-and-effect-essays/
https://handmadewriting.com/blog/guides/cause-and-effect-essay-outline/

VI. Answer Key: Task 3

Task 1 Task 2
5. B 5. CE
4. A 4. CE
3. E 3. EC
2. C 2.EC
1. F 1.CE

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 15
9. alarm was not set, late for work. – Because
10. eats only junk food and never does anything active, obese - As a result
11 refrigerator was practically empty, had to go to the store - Since
12. obesity epidemic, result of technology - result
13. cut down trees, destroy the habitats of birds, fewer baby birds are hatched, and
the bird population declines. As a result
14. didn’t follow the recipe correctly, cake did not come out as expected – so
15. electricity went out for most of the day, ice cream in the freezer melted. Since
Task 4 A
1. returned to the barrio, to buy a small piglet and goat - because
2. curious, came to see the place - so
3. displeased with her meal, prepared a replacement - hence
4. photography did not exist, portrayals became works of great importance. –as a result
5. player was traveling. referee called a penalty. - thus
6. have more time, they are working the modules - consequently
7. found cures for many diseases, thorough study of some scientist - as a result
8. wearing seat belts, obey the given policy - therefore
Task 4-A
 Task 4- B
Cause Effect
1. fell down the ladder broke his leg

2. put a cast many girls signed the cast and got

into a relationship

3. he had a date, wasn't able to make it back on time for

dinner

4. his mom fell down the stairs died alone without necessary help

distracted in his studies, he started

5. mother’s death drinking, his girlfriend broke up with
him

6. live in his father's place he became depressed

he did well in school again, he

7. handle depression graduated

8. handle depression he got into college, he got a hot

girlfriend
9. he started doing business, made a lot of money

10. he started doing business, became one of the most successful

people

Task 5 Answers may vary.

Compiled by: Maria Victoria Igot Montilla

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