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Unit 2 - Matlab RC y RL

1. The document discusses and compares RC and RL circuits, which are fundamental components in electronics. 2. RC circuits store energy in a capacitor's electric field and exhibit exponential changes in voltage and current during charging and discharging. RL circuits store energy in an inductor's magnetic field and exhibit gradual changes in current. 3. The choice between RC and RL circuits depends on factors like transient response, frequency response, energy storage needs, and intended application. RC circuits are suited for timing applications while RL circuits are suited for applications requiring controlled current flow.

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Alfredo Puerto Ic
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38 views5 pages

Unit 2 - Matlab RC y RL

1. The document discusses and compares RC and RL circuits, which are fundamental components in electronics. 2. RC circuits store energy in a capacitor's electric field and exhibit exponential changes in voltage and current during charging and discharging. RL circuits store energy in an inductor's magnetic field and exhibit gradual changes in current. 3. The choice between RC and RL circuits depends on factors like transient response, frequency response, energy storage needs, and intended application. RC circuits are suited for timing applications while RL circuits are suited for applications requiring controlled current flow.

Uploaded by

Alfredo Puerto Ic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Universidad Politécnica de Yucatán

Student Alfredo Israel Puerto Ic


2009108

Robotics 7C

20/02/2024

Teacher Andres Augusto Marrufo Albornoz


RC Circuits: %RC

1. Components: %Voltage Source


Vs=5;
- Resistance (R): Offers opposition to the flow of
%define the capacitor value
current. C=0.1e-6;

- Capacitor (C): Stores electrical charge. %define the resistor value


R=100;
2. Behavior: %definimos el tiempo
Tau=R*C;
- The capacitor charges and discharges through
Tincrement=Tau/10;
the resistance.
Tf= (5*Tau);
- The charging and discharging time is determined
t=0:Tincrement:Tf;
by the RC time constant (tau), which is the product
Vcap = Vs*(1-exp(-t/Tau));
of resistance and capacitance (τ = R * C).
Icap = (Vs/R)*(exp(-t/Tau));
- As the capacitor charges, the current decreases
%Creamos una figura
exponentially until reaching a steady state. figure;
%corriente en el lado izquierdo
yyaxis left;
3. Applications: plot(t,Icap, 'm--');
ylabel('current');
- Low-pass and high-pass filters. title('Voltage and current in
Capacitor');
hold on;
- Timers and oscillators.
yyaxis right;
- Signal couplings. plot(t,Vcap,'c--');
ylabel('Voltage');
- Delay circuits. xlabel('Time(s)');
hold on
legend('Current','Voltage');
RL Circuits:
%rojo es r, negro es k,
1. Components: amarillo es y, verde es g
%azul es b, magenta es m, cyan
es c
- Resistance (R): Offers opposition to the flow of
current.

- Inductor (L): Stores energy in the form of a magnetic field.

2. Behavior:
- When a voltage is applied to an RL circuit, the current increases gradually instead of
instantly reaching its maximum value due to inductance.

- The RL time constant (tau) is calculated as the ratio of inductance to resistance (τ = L


/ R).

%Circuito RL - Upon disconnecting a voltage


Vs=5; source, the inductor becomes a
R=100;
L=0.5; temporary voltage source,
%Aqui definimos los valores para el voltaje generating an overvoltage.
%resistencia y valor de la capacitancia
%que usaremos en nuestra ecuación
3. Applications:
Tau= L/R; %Nuestra Tau es definida como el
valor de - Low-pass filters.
%la capacitancia entre la resistencia

Tincrement=Tau/10; - Surge protection circuits.

Tf= (5*Tau); - Coupling and decoupling


t=0:Tincrement:Tf; circuits.
%Las funciones antes mencionadas son para
poder - Switched-mode power supplies.
%crear nuestra tabla

Similarities:
Il = (Vs/R)*(1-exp(-t/Tau)); %Corriente del
capacitor - Both circuits exhibit transient
Vl = Vs*exp(-t/Tau); %Voltaje del capacitor behavior when a power source is
figure; applied or removed.
yyaxis left;
plot(t,Il, 'g--'); - Both can be used in filters and
ylabel('current');
title('Voltage and current in Inductor'); timing applications.
hold on;
%El codigo escrito arriba y abajo está para
poder
Differences:
%sobreponer nuestras tablas.
yyaxis right; - RC circuits involve energy storage
plot(t,Vl,'k--');
ylabel('Voltage'); in an electric field (the capacitor),
xlabel('Time(s)');
hold on
while RL circuits involve energy
legend('Current','Voltage'); storage in a magnetic field (the
inductor).
- Time constants and transient effects differ in each type of circuit due to the electrical and
magnetic properties of their respective components.

In summary, RC and RL circuits are fundamental components in electronics with diverse


applications and behaviors that make them useful in a variety of situations.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the choice between RL (Resistance-Inductance) and RC (Resistance-


Capacitance) circuits depends on the specific requirements of the application,
considering factors such as transient response, frequency response, energy storage,
and circuit behavior. Here's a summary of why one might use RL and RC circuits, along
with relevant formulas:

Reasons for Using RL Circuits:

1. Energy Storage: RL circuits store energy in the form of a magnetic field within the
inductor.

2. Transient Response: RL circuits exhibit gradual changes in current, making them


suitable for applications requiring controlled current flow.

3. Inductive Reactance Dominance: RL circuits are primarily influenced by inductive


reactance (\( X_L = 2 \pi fL \)), making them effective for filtering and applications
sensitive to changes in frequency.

4. Voltage Spike Generation: Upon circuit interruption, RL circuits produce voltage


spikes due to the inductor's property of opposing changes in current flow.

Reasons for Using RC Circuits:

1. Energy Storage: RC circuits store energy in the form of an electric field within the
capacitor.

2. Transient Response: RC circuits exhibit exponential changes in voltage and current


during charging and discharging phases, making them suitable for timing and signal
processing applications.
3. Capacitive Reactance Dominance: RC circuits are mainly influenced by capacitive
reactance (\( X_C = \frac{1}{2 \pi fC} \)), making them effective for filtering and
applications sensitive to changes in frequency.

4. Smooth Discharge: Unlike RL circuits, RC circuits do not produce voltage spikes upon
circuit interruption; instead, they discharge gradually through the resistor.

In practical applications, these formulas help in designing circuits with desired


characteristics such as filtering, timing, or energy storage. RL and RC circuits offer
distinct advantages based on their energy storage mechanisms, transient responses,
and frequency-dependent behaviors, allowing engineers to choose the most suitable
option for a given application.

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