Revision Question (SQQS1013_A231)_ANSWER

Chapter 4:
1. The manager of UNICONS company is examining the number of days (𝑋) in the monsoon
season that a construction worker cannot work because of the bad weather during monsoon
season. Table below shows the probability distribution of X.

X 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
P(X = x) 0.03 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.02

a) Prove that the above distribution is a valid probability distribution of the random variable
X.
Answer:
∑ 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 1 → prove (valid probability distribution)

b) Construct the probability distribution of X. (Graph of p(x))

c) Find the probability that a construction worker is unable to work for not more than 10 days
during monsoon season.
Answer:
P(X ≤ 10) = P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X =10) = 0.65

d) Is it possible for the construction worker to be unable to work for more than 14 days during
the monsoon season? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Not possible, because of the maximum day unable to work is 14 days → P(X > 14) = 0

e) Calculate the expected number of days that a construction worker is unable to work in any
monsoon season. Interpret your answer.
Answer:
E(X),  = ∑ 𝑥. 𝑝(𝑥) = 9.79  10 days
On average, the number of days that a construction worker is unable to work in any
monsoon season is 10 days

f) Compute the standard deviation that construction worker is unable to work in any monsoon
season.
Answer:
E(X2) =∑ 𝑋 2 . 𝑃(𝑥) = 99.31
Standard deviation,  = 1.8617
2. A random variable Y represents the number of calls received by Emergency Call Centre in a
hospital on a certain day. Table below shows the probability distribution of Y.

a) Calculate the value of m.

Answer:
∑ 𝑃(𝑌 = 𝑦) = 1

Find m = 0.1

b) Find the probability that the number of calls received are between 12 and 15.
Answer:
P(12 < Y < 15) = P(Y = 13) + P(Y = 14) = 3(0.1) + 0.2 = 0.5

c) A call operator at the Emergency Call Centre expects that he will receive 14 calls on
average per day. Is his expectation true? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Find E(Y) first → E(Y) = 13.8  14 calls
Justify your answer → if E(Y) = 14, the claim is true.

d) Compute the variance for the probability distribution of Y.

Answer:
Var (Y), 2 = 1.96

3. A consumer agency surveyed 50 families living in the small town to collect data on the number
of television (TV) sets own by them. Table below lists the frequency distribution of the data.

No. of TV sets owned 0 1 2 3 4

No. of families 5 15 20 8 2 Total = 50

a) Let X denote the number of TV sets owned by these families. Construct a probability
distribution of X.
Answer:

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.16 0.04

b) Draw the probability distribution of X. (Graph of p(x))

 c) Calculate 𝑃(1 < 𝑋 ≤ 3).
Answer:
P(X = 2) + P(X =3) = 0.56

d) Calculate the expected value of X.

Answer:
E(X),  = 1.74

e) Calculate the standard deviation of X.

Answer:
 = 0.9759

4. The probabilities that a patient will have 0, 1, 2, or 3 medical tests performed before being
admitted to a hospital are 1%, 4%. 10% and 85% respectively. Let 𝑋 denote the number of
medical tests performed.

a) Construct a probability distribution table for 𝑋.

Answer:

X 0 1 2 3 Total
P(X = x) 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.85 1

b) Find the probability that less than two medical tests were performed.
Answer:
P(X < 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = 0.05

c) Find the expected value of 𝑋 and interpret your answer.

Answer:
E(X),  = 2.79  3

On average, there are 3 medical tests performed before being admitted to a hospital.

5. The cumulative distribution for the number of ice cream sold, (𝑋) at Sally Ice Cream shop,
on a randomly selected day is given in table below.

X 10 11 12 13 14
𝑭(𝑿) 0.5 0.7 0.7+a 0.7+2a 0.7+3a

a) The manager of Sally Ice Cream shop claims that on average, they manage to sell 13 ice
creams in a day. Is the claim true? Justify your answer.
Answer:
1. Find a.
0.7+3a = 1  a = 0.1
 2. Find E(X)
E(X) = 11.1
E(X)  13  thus, the claim is not true

b) Calculate the standard deviation of number of ice cream sold at Sally Ice Cream shop on
any given day.
Answer:
 = 1.3748

Chapter 5:

6. In a housing area, 20 residents were chosen randomly and asked whether they own Netflix
account. It is found that 40% of them own Netflix account. (binomial distribution)
a) Find the probability that:

i. at most 14 residents own Netflix account. (p = 0.40)

Answer:
P(X ≤ 14) = 0.9984

ii. exactly 9 residents own Netflix account. (p = 0.40)

Answer:
P(X = 9) = 0.1597

iii. more than 10 residents own Netflix account. (p = 0.40)

Answer:
P(X > 10) = 1 – P(X ≤ 10) = 1 – 0.8725 = 0.1275

iv. exactly 5 residents do not own Netflix account. (p = 0.60)

Answer:
P(X = 5) = 0.0013

b) Based on your answers in part (a), which event is most likely to occur? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Based on probability values → if it is closed to 1, most likely to occur
Event a(i) is most likely to occur because it has the highest probability  0.9984  1
7. The effectiveness of a vaccine for a certain disease is about 45%. This means that 45% of the
vaccinated person will not get the disease when exposed. Assume that each person’s response
to the disease is independent of another person’s response. (binomial distribution)

a) Find the probability that less than 5 persons will not get the disease if 12 people are
exposed. (p = 0.45, n = 12)
Answer:
P(X < 5) = P(X ≤ 4) = 0.3044

b) Find the probability that more than 6 persons will not get the disease if 10 people are
exposed. (p = 0.45, n = 10)
Answer:
P(X > 6) = 1 – P(X ≤ 6) = 0.1020

c) Suppose a new vaccine has been introduced for the disease. The experimental study shows
that the probability of NONE out of 12 (n) people exposed will not get the disease is 0.05.
Find the probability of effectiveness of the new vaccine.
Answer:
P(X = 0) = 0.05  Find p
12
𝐶0 . 𝑝0 (1 − 𝑝)12 = 0.05
Solve to get p  p = 0.2209

8. In a primary school, the passing rate for Mathematics test is 55%. A sample of SEVEN (7)
students is randomly selected. Find the probability of (binomial distribution)

a) exactly one student passes the test.

Answer:
P(X = 1) = 0.0320

b) at most three of them pass the test.

Answer:
P(X ≤ 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) = 0.3917

9. The number of staff arrivals at School of Quantitative Sciences between 7.30 a.m. and 9.30
a.m. follows a Poisson distribution with a mean of 14. Find the probability that:

a) the number of staff arrivals between 7.30 a.m. and 9.30 a.m. is at least 4. ( in 2 hours =14)
Answer:
P(X ≥ 4) = 1 – P(X ≤ 3) = 0.9995

b) the number of staff arrivals between 8.00 a.m. and 8.30 a.m. is at most 3.
Answer:
30
( in 30 minutes = 120 x 14 =3.5)

P(X ≤ 3) = 0.5366
 c) exactly one staff arrives between 8.30 a.m. and 9.30 a.m. Interpret.
Answer:
( in 1 hour = 7)

P(X = 3) = 0.0064

Based on probability values → if it is closed to 0, most unlikely to occur (impossible to

occur)

10. In the manufacturing of a commercial carpet, several defects occur at random on the carpet
design at an average of 0.6 per 20m2 area. Find the probability that there are, (Poisson
distribution)

a) no defect in a randomly selected 20m2 area of the carpet. ( = 0.6)

Answer:
P(X = 0) = 0.5488

b) 2 defects in a randomly selected 30m2 area of the carpet.

Answer:
30
( in 30m2 area = 20 x 0.6 =0.9)
P(X = 2) = 0.1646

11. Based on data obtained from Fire & Rescue Department in Damai City, on average there are
SIX (6) reports per week received related to extinguishing, fighting, preventing and controlling
fire. (Poisson distribution)

a) State the parameter for this probability distribution and its value.

Answer:
Average number of reports

b) What is the probability that one report will be made in a week?

Answer:
=6
P(X = 1) = 0.0149

c) Find the probability that from six to nine reports will be made in two weeks.
Answer:
 in 2 weeks = 6 x 2 = 12
𝑃(6 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 9) = 0.2221
12. The time taken to assemble a car in a certain plant is a random variable having a normal
distribution with a mean of 20 () hours and a standard deviation () of 2 hours. Find the
probability that a car can be assembled at this plant in a period of:
𝑋−𝜇
Normal distribution: X to Z = 𝜎

a) less than 19.5 hours.

Answer:
P(X < 19.5) = P(Z < -0.25) = 0.4013

b) between 20 and 22 hours.

Answer:
P(20 < X < 22) = P(0 < Z < 1) = 0.3413

13. A beverage factory machine fills can with chocolate drink follows the normal distribution with
a mean weight of 155 grams and a standard deviation of 5 grams.

a) A can is selected at random. Find the probability that the can’s weight less than 165 grams.
Answer:
P(X < 165) = P(Z < 2) = 0.9772

b) The company of this chocolate beverage decided to replace the filling machine if 12.3% of
the can is filled the minimum of x grams of chocolate drink. Find the value of x.
Answer:
P(X > x) = 0.1230
Find x
P(X < x) = 1- 0.1230 = 0.8770
𝑥−155
𝑃 (𝑍 < 5 ) = 0.8770 from table, Z = 1.16

𝑃(𝑍 < 1.16) = 0.8770

𝑥−155
 = 1.16  solve for x  x = 160.80
5

14. The weight, X grams of soup filled in a tin by machine RST is normally distributed with a
mean of 190 grams and a standard deviation of 21 grams.

a) Find the probability that a randomly selected tin contains more than 197 grams.
Answer:
P(X > 197) = P(Z > 0.33) = 0.3707

b) Find the probability that a randomly selected tin will have a weight between 205 grams
and 245 grams.
Answer:
P(205 < X < 245) = P(0.71 < Z < 2.62) = 0.2345
 c) If 125 tins are selected at random, how many tins will have a weight between 205 grams
and 245 grams?
Answer:
No. of tins = P(205 < X < 245= 0.2345(answer from b) x 125 = 29.3  29

d) If the weight stated on a randomly selected tin is w gram, find the value of w such that
P (X < w) = 0.01.
Answer:
Find w = ?
w = 141.07

15. Fresh Agro Farm produces dragon fruit. Dragon fruit with at least 𝑘 cm diameter is graded
and marketed. Table below shows the diameter for each grade of the dragon fruit.

Grade C B A
Diameter, 𝒙 cm 𝒌≤𝒙≤𝟓 𝟓<𝒙≤𝟕 𝒙>𝟕

Given that the diameter of dragon fruits is Normally distributed with mean, 5.8 cm and standard
deviation, 1.5 cm.

a) In a random sample of 500 dragon fruits, estimate the number of grade B dragon fruit.
Answer:
Grade B cm is between
P(5 < x ≤ 7) = P(-0.53 < Z ≤ 0.80) = 0.49
Estimate number of grade B dragon fruits
= 0.49 x 500 = 245

b) If 87.5% of the dragon fruits are marketed, find the value of 𝑘.

Answer:
P (x ≥ k) = 0.875
k = 4.0750 cm
Chapter 6:
16. The average lifetime of a car tire is 20,000 km with a standard deviation of 4,640 km. A random
sample of 100 tires is taken for quality control inspection. (sample mean, 𝑥̅ )
a) What is the mean of the sample mean?
Answer:
n = 100 ≥ 30  approximately normal
𝜇𝑥̅ = 𝜇 = 20,000

b) Compute the standard error of the sample mean?

Answer:
𝜎
𝜎𝑥̅ = = 464
√𝑛

c) Is the sampling distribution of this sample mean approximately normal? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, according to Central Limit Theorem (CLT) when n = 100 ≥ 30, the distribution of the
sample mean is approximately normal

d) What sample size of car tire is required to provide a 0.96 probability that the average lifetime
in the sample will be less than 20,500 km?
Answer:
𝑥̅ −𝜇
𝑥̅ 𝑡𝑜 𝑍 = 𝜎𝑥̅

P(𝑥̅ < 20,500) = 0.96 → find n

n = 263.7376  264 cars

17. The scores on the English test for all first year students have a normal distribution with mean
of 18.6 and standard deviation of 5.9. Find the probability that: (sample mean, 𝑥̅ )
a) 10 randomly selected students have a mean score less than 18.
Answer:
n = 10, 𝜇𝑥̅ = 𝜇 = 18.6
𝜎
𝜎𝑥̅ = = 1.8657
√𝑛
P(𝑥̅ < 18) = P(Z < -0.32) = 0.3745
 b) 20 randomly selected students have a sum score greater than 380.
Answer:
n = 20, 𝜇𝑥̅ = 𝜇 = 18.6
𝜎
𝜎𝑥̅ = = 1.3193
√𝑛

380
𝑥̅ = = 19
20

P(𝑥̅ > 19) = P(Z > 0.30) = 0.3821

18. A manufacturer of a lightbulb claimed that its lightbulbs have a mean lifetime of 700 hours
with a standard deviation of 120 hours. You purchased 144 of these lightbulbs with the idea
that you would purchase more if the mean lifetime of your sample were more than 680 hours.
What is the probability that you will not buy again from this manufacturer? (sample mean, 𝑥̅ )
Answer:
n = 144 ≥ 30  approximately normal, 𝜇𝑥̅ = 𝜇 = 700
𝜎
𝜎𝑥̅ = = 10
√𝑛

P(𝑥̅ ≤ 680) = P(Z ≤ -2) = 0.0228

19. For a certain type of computer chip, the proportion of chips that are defective is 0.10. A random
sample of 100 chips are inspected for quality. (sample proportion, 𝑝̂ )
a) Identify the sampling distribution of proportion sample (𝑝̂ ) of chips are defective. State the
parameters. Justify your answer.
Answer:
np = 100(0.10) = 10 > 5
nq = 100(0.90) = 90 > 5 approximately normal

parameter: 𝜇𝑝̂ = 𝑝 = 0.10

𝑝𝑞
𝜎𝑝2̂ = 𝑛 = 0.009
𝜎𝑝̂ = 0.03

b) What is the probability that fewer than 15 percent of chips will be defect?
Answer:
𝑝̂−𝑝
𝑝̂ 𝑡𝑜 𝑍 = 𝜎𝑝
̂

𝑃(𝑝̂ < 0.15) = 𝑃(𝑍 < 1.67) = 0.9525

20. According to a recent survey on the policy of Work From Home (WFH), 19.4% of XYZ
employees prefer to work in the office. A random sample of 50 employees from a total of 900
employees in the company was taken. (sample proportion, 𝑝̂ )

a) Show that the sampling distribution of sample proportion is approximately normal.

Answer:
np = 50(0.194) = 9.7 > 5
nq = 50(0.806) = 40.3 > 5 the sampling distribution is approximately normal

b) Compute the standard error.

Answer:
𝑛 50
= 900 = 0.0556 > 0.05  need correction factor
𝑁

𝑝𝑞 𝑁−𝑛
𝜎𝑝̂ = √ 𝑛 √ 𝑁−1 = 0.0544

c) What is the probability that fewer than 15% of the sample employees prefer to work in the
office?
Answer:
𝑃(𝑝̂ < 0.15) = 𝑃(𝑍 < −0.81) = 0.2090

21. An electrical appliance made by Company A has an average life of 2500 hours, with a standard
deviation of 500 hours. Another Company, B, makes this appliance with an average life of
2300 hours, and a standard deviation of 800 hours. We take 300 Company A devices and 200
Company B devices. Calculate the probability that the average life of the sample from
Company A isn’t 100 hours more than the average life of the sample from Company B.
(Sampling Distribution for difference between means with two independent population) – tak
perlu buat

22. A company has two offices, one in Mumbai, and the other in Delhi. Each office has
about 600 total employees. 85% of the employees at the Mumbai office are younger
than 40 years old. 81% of the employees at the Delhi office are younger than 40 years old. The
company plans on taking separate random samples of 50 employees from each office. They'll
look at the difference between the proportions of employees in each sample that are younger
than 40 years old. The company wonders how likely it is that the difference between the two
samples is greater than 10 percentage points. (Sampling Distribution for difference between
proportions with two independent population) – tak perlu buat

23. Out of 4200 customers who have registered as privilege members of XYZ coffee shop,
45.24% of them are female. In a special event, a sample of 500 privileged members of XYZ
coffee shop were randomly selected to receive souvenirs. (sample proportion, 𝑝̂ )

a) Determine the distribution of the male sample proportion. Compute the mean and standard
deviation of the sample proportion.
Answer:
p(male) = 1 – 0.4534 = 0.5476
np = 500(0.5476) = 273.8 > 5
nq = 500(0.5476) = 226.2 > 5 the sampling distribution is approximately normal
𝜇𝑝̂ = 𝑝 = 0.5476
𝑛 500
= 4200 = 0.1190 > 0.05  need correction factor
𝑁

𝑝𝑞 𝑁−𝑛
𝜎𝑝̂ = √ 𝑛 √ 𝑁−1 = 0.0209

b) Find the probability that the number of male privilege members is between 250 and 275.
Answer:
250 275
P(250 < X < 275) = 𝑃 (500 < 𝑝̂ < 500)

= 𝑃(0.5 < 𝑝̂ < 0.55)

= 𝑃(−2.28 < 𝑍 < 0.110
= 0.5325