RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

CHAPTER ONE

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The local chicken ecotypes remain predominant in African villages (Kitali 1998) Despite the introduction of
exotic and crossbred types of chickens deep in to rural areas their productivity even existence is under question.
Ethiopia has significantly large population of chicken estimated as 56.5 million chickens out of which 99% local
chickens are producing 78,000 metric tons of eggs and 72,300 metric tons of meat per year. The annual growth
rate in egg and meat output of the country was 1.0 and 2.6% while the average for sub Saharan countries being
5.7 and 6.8% respectively. The per capita egg and meat consumption in Ethiopia was reported to be about 57 eggs
and 2.5 kg chicken meat per annum, which is far below international average. However, rural poultry contributes
more than 90% of poultry products of Ethiopia (Kitablyi, 1998)

Ethiopian village chickens have been contributing a lot to increase food production and income in rural
communities of Ethiopia (Tadelle, 1996.) Moreover, poultry is owned individually in a family and unlike to other
animals decision making for sell is decentralized

Despite the low productivity of local birds. Smallholder poultry production with unimproved stock and with low
productivity of locally available resources can be the most appropriate production systems. As a matter of fact,
improving the village chicken production system in rural Ethiopia will result in increasing opportunities and more
equitable distribution of food and income within and among households of rural areas. This would be true through
exploiting their fast reproductive rate ability to be raised even under limited land space,requires small starting
capital and their capability to be raised of be relatively inactive labor force( old children) in the household
(Tradelle, 1996).

Poultry production in tropical counties is based on the traditional scavenging system and chickens are the most
important poultry species. The share of family poultry to total poultry population in developing countries in
general and in Africa in particular is not well documented but estimated to reach 70 to 80% (Sab- Saharan African
countries) showed that village poultry on average accounts for 78% ranging from 30 to 99% of the total poultry
population. The largestproportions of eggs and poultry meat in Ethiopia are produced by the village system
(Tadelle, 1996). Despite the fact that village poultry are more ponderous that commercial ones and provide the
largest production of products in developing contrives little research and development work has been carried out
to characterize, understand and develop the system ( Cumming , 1992).

Village poultry production however is warranty regaining attention in smallholder agricultural system. Wherever
low external productions input are demanded (Sonaiya, 1999). The dramatic increases in consumer demand for

1
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

poultry products mainly in urban areas will have major implications for demand in availability and prices of
concentrate feeds that will in turn affect intensive poultry production activities in most developing countries.

There are various advantages which make poultry attractive in the context of poverty alleviation and quality
protein supply in sub – Saharan Africa poultry in one form or anther is kept in most areas there are hardly any
religious or social taboos associated with it has a high reproduction rate per unit time. It is efficient in
transforming feed protein and energy in to human feed it uses a very low capital investment and space needed for
small scale poultry production which allows poultry production to be practiced even by landless families or other
rural poor and eggs and meat represent consumable units which do not require storage and preservation facilities.
In spite of the above mentioned advantage. A certain reservation to include poultry production in to livestock
development programs still exists.

This is due to the assumption is justified if the poultry feed used in many industrial poultry farms where the major
ingredients are high quality raw materials like maize wheat and soya bean meat is considered However, it is
known that high quality poultry feed based on industrial and agricultural by products and feed stuff not used in
human nutrition can also be produced.

Recently there were no any detailed studies in siltie zone Alicho Wirriro wereda conducted in the study targeted
on; a comprehensive description of the prevailing village chicken production and marketing systems assessment
of internal and external quality of marketable eggs identification of economically important production and
marketing constraints as well as assessment of appropriate technological interventions that could be affordable to
the resource- poor with relation to the current chicken ecotypes and identification of economically important
production and marketing constraints of the study area will help to give important and feasible recommendation
for further improvement of the system in a sustainable way.

1.2. Statement of the Study

Most production systems of poultry in Ethiopiais extensive and scavenging production systems (Tadelle et al
2001). In some area such as urban and peri urban and towns some large scale and intensive production systems
are practiced village chicken are reared widely in many parts of the Ethiopia such as Alicho wirriro woreda of
Silte zone, SNNPR. No detail information is available concerning production system and management practice of
village chicken in Alicho wirriro woreda. Therefore there is a need to assess the production system of village
chicken in Sankura woreda with the following objectives.

2
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.3.1 General Objectives

 The general objective of the study to assess village chicken production system in alicho wirriro woreda,
Siltie zone.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To study the production performance of local chickens under the existing farmer chicken management
system.
 To assess the production and utilization treads of chickens in the house hold level.
 To identify the major constraints of chickens production in alicho wirriro woreda.
 To identify the main diseases and predator of chickens in alicho wirriro woreda.

1.4.Basic Research Questions

 What are the production systems in alicho wirriro woreda?
 What are the management practices of village chicken in alicho wirriro
Woreda?
 What are the type /breeds of village chicken in alicho wirriro woreda?

1.5.Significance of the study

Rural poultry in Ethiopia reprints a significant part of the national economy in general and the rural economy in
particular and contributes 98.5% and 99.2% of the national egg and chicken meat productions, respectively. The
impact of village chicken in the national economy of developing countries and its role in improving the nutritional
status and income of many small holders has been significant. Chicken are among the most adaptable
domesticated animals and most people are directly involved in chicken production throughout the wereda/the
study area/ than in any other single agricultural enterprise. Moreover, the study will also provide direction for
future you should not specify or describe the significance of the subject matter but the significant of study to
different stakeholders. Research as local chickens is improvement scheme and help as preliminary reference for
students who want to join this sector. And even to give an opportunity to farmers who want to develop the
production capacity of chickens in the Alicho Wirriro woreda with their maximum production efforts.

1.6.Scope of the study

The study hopefully will contribute a certain amount of awareness and skill to the farmers of the woreda in the
extent of breed identification and selection of better productive and resistance breeds of environmental factors.
The assessment will give necessary information as experience share among farmers in different peasant
associations and farmers group of sankura wereda and for mobilizing their indigenous knowledge as a preliminary
pace for further study.

3
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

1.7. Limitations of the study

 While conducing our assessment, there will be many external and internal restrictions that faces and
limits the completion of the study in its planed schedule. These are lack of transportation infrastructures
access, unplanned work overlaps which will challenge the communication between our advisor and our
team, lack of reference materials nearby transportation and other expenses work burden that will delay
our draft and final write up. The challenge of communicating with sampled farmers selected for interview
will also another tricky due to social, cultural and other family related obligations which will distress our
interview as expected and planned

CHAPTETR TWO

2. LITERTURE REVIEW

2.1. Village Chicken Production In Ethiopia

The term poultry only 1 st letters of each word should be upper case font style applies to a wide variety of birds of
several species including chicken guinea fowls, pigeons , ducks , geese, turkeys, swans, ostriches pheasants,
quills and other game birds. Chickens were originated in south. East Asia and introduced to the rest of the world
by sailors and traders. According to Koesiag (1992); village chickens were he result of countries of cross-
breeding with exotic reeds and random breeding within the flock and these different types are found in the small
holder chicken production systems of Africa. Defined as family poultry. According to Halima (2007) a substantial
amount of phenotypic diversity for various trains in the indigenous chicken genetic resource of Ethiopia was
excepted because of presence of diverse agro- ecology ethnic groups. and socio- economic religious and cultural
considerations in many developing countries the local gene pool still provides the basic for the poultry sector
( Yakubuet al, 2008).

Estimate on space in Africa shows that chicken population was the highest (Soniyaet al, 1998)
Ethiopia is one of the few African countries with a significantly large population of chickens (Fikre, 2001) in sub-
Saharan Africa 85% of all household keep chicken under free range system with women owning 70% if it,
providing source animal protein in the form of meat and eggs as well as being a reliable source of each income
( Gueye, 1998) according to Sonaiya 1990. Kitalyi intensive and extensive, which are differentiated on the basic
of flock sizes and input output relationships. Alternatively, Bessei (1987) reported that family chicken were kept

4
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

under a wide range of conditions which could be classified in to four broad production systems free range
extensive background extensive, semi – intensive and intensive systems.

In many developing countries chicken production is based mainly on traditional extensive production systems
with local chicken ecotypes and low purchased inputs ( Gueye, 1998). The extensive chicken production system
in Africa where birds are kept on free range is different from the more recent extensive free range system coming
up in developed countries due to the hot chicken welfare issues. In most part of Ethiopia village chicken
represents a significant component of the rural household livelihood as a source of cash income and nutrition. The
birds scavenge in the vicinity of the homestead during daytime where they products as supplementary feed. The
number of chicken flocks per household of most Ethiopian rural community is small in number and containing
birds from each age group with an average of 7-10 mature birds consisting of 2-4 adult hens, a male bird ( cock)
and a number of growers of various ages ( Tadelle and Ogle, 1996).

2.2. Importance of village chicken production

The impact of village chicken in the national economy of developing countries and its role in improving the
nutritional status and income of many smallholders has been very significant ( FAO, 1999). Chicken were among
the most adaptable domesticated animals and more speople were directly involved in chicken production
throughout the world than in nay other single agricultural enterprise. The local chicken sector constitutes
significant contribution to human livelihood and contributes significantly to food security of poor households and
can be considered on intiaive enterprise owing to its low cost (Abdelqader, 2007) Family chicken is rately the role
means of livelihood for the family but is one of a number of integrated and complementary farming activities
contributing to the overall well- being of the household. Village chickens were regarded as a walking bank by
many families and were often sold to meet emergency cash needs.

Rising income and urbanization in many parts of the developing world caused a growing demand for alternative
food resources like animal products. There are only few (Odunsi, 2003)

The per capital chicken meat consumption in the Ethiopia is reported to be 2.85kg per annum and chicken meat
was relatively cheap, available and affordable source of animal protein in the country ( Alemu , and Tadele),
1997; Keneaset, al 2003). However, the prices of chicken.

Showing an increasing trend time like other livestock products and could not be easily affordable by the poor if
the situation continues.

2.3.Production performance of village chicken?

The productivity of village chickens production systems in general and the traditional ( free range system in
particular is known to low. The productivity of local scavenging hens is low not only because of low egg
production but also due to high chick mortality (Nigussie italics’2003)

5
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

Teketel (1996) and Aberra (2000) also reported that the low productivity of local chicken was expressed in terms
the following parameters; low egg production performance production of small sized eggs slow growth rate late
maturity small clutch size with long laying pauses an instinctive inclination to broodiness and high mortality of
chickens. The productive potential of indigenous chickens under an improved nutritional regime and disease free
situation is well unknown scavenging hens lay only 30 eggs/ year while industrialized battery cage hens lay up to
300 eggs/ years furthermore, it may take up to 12 months to raise a chicken for consumption. In Ethiopia naïve
chicken produced 40 eggs/ ear (Tradelleet al 2000). Bessie (1987) also reported that village chicken in Nigeria
produced 20-30 eggs/ year under scavenging system with poor right shelter ad no regular feed and water supply.

2.4.Poultry feeds and feeding systems

Producing as much feed from the farm as possible is one of the guiding principles of organic systems. However,
because of the very specified requirements of poultry and the difficulties of proving a finely balanced ration at a
cost effective price, most producers rely heavilyon purchased feed. The main cereals gowns on farm are wheat
triticale and oats, and they are often gown in combination with a proteincrop such as peas. Naked oates are of
particular benefit to chickens because they contain high levels of all and protein with relatively high proportion of
the key essential amino acids. They are also an ideal crop to grow where climate and soils are not suitable for
wheat where producers are in marginal cereal growing areas (which includes much of wales) crimping is a very
useful techniques because it enables you to harvest at moisture contents of 30 to 45% the grains are passed
through a crimping machine that crushes them and adds an acidic preservative. This feed can then enslide and
stored in the same way you would a grass crop you will probably need to reduce the size of your clamp by
putting I a false wall for example, but beyond that there is no requirement for specialist equipment ( Steve
Merritte, 2010)

Milling and mixing on farm is an option which helps makes good use of the resources that are available from the
farm you need to analyzed each batch of your grain or peas for its nutrient content and buy a protein balancer and
correct producers when sampling your grain the laboratory should be able to provide further advice. This can be
chapter if you already have the equipment in place however. If you are setting up mill and mix facilities from
scratch or using mobile mill and mix you need to look carefully at the level of investment and the additional time
required and compare it to the potential savings made over purchased feed. Creels are often fed as a wholegrain
which saves on the potential savings made over purchased feed. Cereals are often often fed as a wholegrain which
saves on the cost and energy associated with milling. Feeding whole grains also improves the digestive tract of the
bird ensuring good digestion of the grain and a more beneficial micro flora . Feeding experiments have shown that
birds select increasing the grain as a scratch feed can also help them utilize and learn about their range the birds
will eagerly follow you for an afternoon treat of whole grain. Eating in this way will help develop the natural
eating pattern of a chicken helping young pullets especially to scratch about in the whole range (Steve Merritt,
2010)

6
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

2.5.Constraints of village chicken production system

the most striking problem in relation to village chicken production system is high mortality rate of birds, which
might be as high as 80-90% with in the first weeks after hatching due to diseases and predation (Wilson et al,
1987) Newcastle disease (NCD) is highly infections and causes more losses than any other diseases in the tropics
which spread rapidly through the flock and mortality can reach up to 100%( John 1995). In Ethiopia chicken
disease is mortality can reach up to 100% (John, 1995). In Ethiopia chicken disease is considered to be the most
important factor responsible for reducing both the number and productivity of village chickens. According to
Tadelle and Ogle (2001) high mortality of chicks due to diseases parasitizes predation lock of feed poor housing
and insufficient water supply was the major constraints on village chicken production in the central highlands of
Ethiopia. Poor availability of feedresources. In terms of both quantity and quality is the other major constraints
affecting production and productivity lives took including village chicken (Mohamed et al, 1995).

CHAPTER THREE

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1. Description of the Study Area

The study will be carried out at Four selected kebele’s of Siltie Zone, Alicho Wirriro Woreda in a different
farmer’s kebele level. The woreda is situated at an altitude of 1850-2500 m.a.s.l at about 222 km South west of
Addis Ababa along the Worabe road. The area is averagely characterized by annual rain fall of 1200 mm to 1500
mm and mean relative humidity of 78%. The main rain season is to last early September which account 77% of
the rain fall while the remaining 23% is from April to May. The average annual minimum and maximum
temperature is 180C and 250C respectively. The soil type in the area is approximately sandy soil with friable
drainage. Alicho Wirriro woreda is approximately located b/n 6 0 46’ and 70 26’ N latitude and 370 01’ and 380 08’
E longitude.

3.2. Sampling techniques

In the assessment, four kebele’s namely Bunesakemo, Shilmat, Gedrat and Kechemoastazer kebele’s of
Alicho Wirriro woreda based on potential of chicken production. From each kebele fifteen (15) farmers will be
selected, as a total 60 farmers will be selected from four kebele’s by using random sampling techniques.

7
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

3.3. Methods of data collection

A semi structured questionnaire will be developed and interview to the sampled farmers having equal fifteen
participants from each kebele’s. Finally the randomized farmers will be interviewed to accesses necessary primary
data. Furthermore, secondary data on the area with reference to production trends management skills, type of local
and cross breed chickens and their handling producers. Production and marketing constrains of the farmers will
also collected from office of agriculture and rural Development, extension agents and model farmers.

3.4. Methods of data analysis

The collected data will be organized and analyzed manually using specific calculator. This will be more
quantitative and in some extent qualitative type of data will also be used. The data will be presented in table,
figure or other statically expressive approaches as possible.

4. ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Table 1 :- Time schdule

Periodic schedule plan

JAN-
FEB MARCH- APRIL-
Descripton of activites 2019 APRIL 2019 MAY 2019 Jun-19 Jul-19
XXX
proposal writing and
submission
XXX

PA selection and assessment

XXX
Distrubution Questionaire

XXX
Questionaire data collecton
XXX
Data processing and XXX
analyzing
XXX

Report drafting

Final report write up XXX

Report submission XXX

8
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

5. LOGESTICS AND BUDGET

Table 2 Stationary cost

Item Unit Quality Unit Price /birr/ Total Price /birr/

Note book Price 3 25 75

Pencil Price 5 3 15

Pen Price 6 10 60

Lead/eraser Price 3 6 18

Clip board Price 1 50 50

Photo copy paper Packet 1 250 250

Flash Number 3 250 750

Total 1218

Table 3 Transport Expense

First researcher from sankura

Distinction
Means of Not of Tota
Personal From To transport round/trip cost per round l
9
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

Student Kawokoto Abjet/shilmat Motorcycle 8 20 160

Student Kawakoto Gedrat Motorcycle 8 20 160

Student Kawakoto Bunesakemo Motorcycle 12 20 240

Student Kawakoto Kechemo Motorcycle 9 20 180

Total 740

Second researcher from lanfero

Distinction
Not of
Means of round/tri
Personal From To transport p cost per round Total
Mesrak azernat
Student wereda Bunesakemo motercycle 8 150 1200
Mesrak azernat
Student wereda Shilmat motercycle 8 150 1200
Mesrak azernat
Student wereda Gedrat motercycle 12 150 1800
Mesrak azernat
Student wereda Kechem motercycle 9 150 1350

Total 5550

Third researcher from Mirab Azernat Wereda

Distinction
Not of
Means of round/tri
Personal From To transport p cost per round Total

Student alicho wereda Bunesakemo motercycle 8 150 1200

alicho wereda
Student Shilmat motercycle 8 150 1200
alicho wereda
Student Gedrat motercycle 12 150 1800
alicho wereda
Student Kechemo motercycle 9 150 1350

Total 5550
10
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

Table 4:- logistics summary

Description Sub-total cost

Stationary expense 1218

Tarnsporet expense 11840

Contingency 10% 1305

Total 14363

11
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

REFERENCE
 Cumming, R.B. 1992 Village chicken production: problems and potential. In Proceedings of an
international workshop on new castle disease in Village chickens control with thermo stable oral
vaccines6-10 October, 1991 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysipp., 21-24.
 Gueye E.F 1998. Village egg and fowl meat production in Africa world’s poultry Science journal 54;73-
86
 Kitali Aichi J. and Andre Mayer, 1998 Village chicken production system in rural Africa household food
security and gender focus. FAO animal health and production service paper 142.
 Abdelqader, A, C, B, A Wollny and M. Gauly-2007. Characterization of local Chicken production system
and potential under different level of Aberra Melesse, 2000 Comparative studies on performance and
physiological Responses of Ethiopian indigenous (Angete- melata”) Chicken and their F1 crosses of long
term heatstrees. ph D Thesis Martin- Luther University. Halle – Wittenberg. Berlin. Pp4-5
 Aklilu H.A.C.J.M. Almekinders. H.MJ. Udo and A.J.Van der zijpp. 2007. Village poultry consumption and
marketing in relation to gender, religious Festivals and market access published on line; Springer science
business Media. Alemu Yami and Tadele Desie .1997. The status of poultry research and development in
Ethiopia
 Bessei W. 1987.Tendencies of world poltry production in; Paper presented at The 3 rd international DLG-
Symposium on poultry production in hot Climate Hamelin, Germany
 Beyenekebede, 1998.Looking ahead for sustainable livestock development. In Proceeding of the 5 th
national conference of Ethiopian society of animal Production,15-17 may 1997. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 Fikre Abera, 2001. Bese line data on chicken population productivity Husbandry feeding, breeding, health
care, marketing and constraints in four peasant association in Ambo woreda.
 In Proceeding of the 9th national conference of Ethiopian society of Animal Production (ESAP)Food and
agriculture organization of the United States Nations (FAO) 1997Guidelines for the inclusion of
improved household poultry production Diversification component of the special programmer for food
security Rome pp.; 86
 Halima Hassan Mogesse, 2007 Phenotypic and generics characterization of Indigenous chicken
population in north- west Ethiopia, Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to the faculty of natural and agricultural
sciences
 Development of animal wildlife and grassland sciences, University ofKeneayadeta, Legesse Dadi and
Alemu Yami 2003 poultry marketing. Structure spatial variations and determinant of prices in Eastern
Shewa zone. Ethiopia in proceeding of the 10 th annual conference of the Ethiopian society of animal
production. Koeslag G 1992 the role of poultry in the rural areas in; preceding of the Introductory
seminary on poultry development policy, Barneveld College.Kuit H.G. A. Traore, R.T. Wilson 1986.
 Livestock production in central Mail Ownership management and productivity of poultry in the
traditional Sector Tropical animal health and production 18; pp222-23 Mohamed Salem, M.A. And
Abate Tedla. 1995.
 Feed improvement to support Intensification of ruminant production system in Ethiopia high lands. In
Proceeding of the 3rd Annual conference of the Ethiopia society of Animal Production (ESAP), held in

12
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, April 2729.Nigussie Dana, Alemu Yami, Tadelle Dessie and Samul w/Hana.
2003. On Station and on farm evolution of the Hay Box chick brooder using Different insulation materials
at Debrezeit agricultural research center and Denbi Village, Adaa woreda.Odunsi, A.A
2003.Assessments of Lablab leaf meal as a feed ingredient and Yolkcoloring agent in the diet of layers.
International Journal of poulty Science, 2(1):7 1-74.
 Sonaia, E.B 1990. Toward sustainable production in Africa. In: Paper Presented at the FAO expert
consultation on strategies for sustainable animal agriculture in developing countries, Rome, Italy.Sonaiya,
E.B and V.E. Olori. 1998.
 Village chicken production in South-Western Nigeria. In proceeding of an international workshop on real
poultry development in Africa, 13-16 November, 1989,life, Nigeria. pp: 243-247.Steve Merits, 2010.
 The Role of Scavenging poulty production for meat. Organic Farming Technical Guide.Taddle, Desseie.
And B.Ogle. 2001. The role of scavenging poultry in integratedfarming System in Ethiopia. Debrezeit
Agricultural Research center, Debrezeit, Ethiopia livestock feed resources with in integrated farming
Systems 377.Taddle, D. and B. Ogle. 2001.
 Village poultry production system in the central highlands of Ethiopia. M.sc These. Swedish University
of Agricultural Sciences.Taddle, Dessie. Alemu yami and k.j. peters. 2000. Indigenous chickens in
Ethiopia: genetic potential and attempts at improvement.Taddlle, D,B. Ogle. 1996.
 Studies on poultry production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences. 72p.Teketel Foesido. 1986. Studies on the meat production potential
of some local strains of Chicken in Ethiopia. Ph.D. thesis J.L. University of Giessen,Germany.
210pWilson, R,T,A Traore, H.G kuit and M. Slinger land. 1987.
 Livestock production in centeral Mail: Reproductions, growth and mortality of domestic fowl under
traditional managements. Tropical Animal Health and production Journal 19(4):29-36.Yakubu, A, D.M
Ogah and R.e Barde. 2008.

APPENDICES

SiMPLE QUESTIONAIRES DEVELOPED

1. FARMER PROFILE
HH Name………………………sex…………………..Age……….........
Address:…………Woreda………peasant………Association………………….
…………………….Community/Kebeles…………………………………
Martial
Married…………Single…………Widowed…………Divorced……………………
Educational back ground of the PH

13
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

Literate………………………literate……………………professional…………….
Family size (No): male……………………Female…………….Total………………
Min Occupation: Farming…………Employee……………Trade…………….
Others (specify)
Monthly income from any other sources (Etb)…………………………..

II. QUATIONAIRE DEVELOPEDFOR DATA COLLECTION

1. Do you have chickens? A. Yes B. No

2. If yes, how many in numbers with their age group?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….
3. If no why? A due to neighboring conflictsshortageof Crossed breed chick c. lack of awareness d. monetary
problem e. other (specify)……………………….
4. Did you ever receive training on poultry production and management? A. Yes B. no
5. .if yes, on what aspect?
a. Selecting and managing productive
b. Appropriate feeding practices c. detection and control 0 diseases d. hatching practices.
6. How many breeds/types/ do you at your home? a.1 b.2 c.3 d.>3

7. For what functions (purpose) are chickens you are raring?

A. Sale for income

B. Hatching
C. Home consumption.
D. cultural/religious ceremonies

8. can you explain the name of chickens which you are rearing currently? ( Mention some of them) in your
local languages------------------
9. What is the contribution of chicken production to your livelihood in terms of constraints of poultry/
chickens?________________________
10. What re the major production consumption and marketing constraints of poultry/ chickens?
___________________________________________________
11. How many eggs do you harvest per head per your?__________________
a. home consumption _________________ b/ sold___________________
c, hatched _______________________ d/ others ( specify)
12. what re the major diseases and predators of chickens in your chicken/ poultry farm list some of them based
on their severity__________________
_______________________________________________________________________-
13. How do you think chicken disease will transmit from one to another? Please list some disease and their
transmission mechanisms from your has experiences?
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
14. What control measures do you take for disease transmission and control?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

14
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

15. How do you store your egg produce? _________________________________

16.What is the maximum time that you store egg production traditionally after harvesting?

a/ <1 week b/ 1-2 weeks C/ 2-3 weeks d/<3 weeks

17.What are the major determinant factors that affect (control) the price of chicken and egg during the dry
season (Bega)?

a. high demand due to traditional and religious festivals

b. high supply of chicken and eggs due to high production during dry season
c. transport of eggs and chicken
d. others (specify )____________________________________________

18.What are the major determinant factors that affect (control) the price of chicken and eggs during the
rainy season (Kiremit)?

a. high demand due to traditional and religious festival

b. low supply of chicken and eggs due to low productivity during rainy season
c. low supply of eggs and chicken 4 Others ( specify)______________________

19. What are the major chicken ‘Egg marketing constraints in your area?

Suggested Solutions the

NO Marketing constranits type Yes No against problems
1 Low price
2 Seasionality of market price
3 low marketable out put
4 realiable market found very far
5 limited market out list
6 lack of bayers
7 lack of marketing information
8 disease out break
9 No problem
10 lack of capital
11 Others (specify)

15
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL IN ASSESSMENT OF VILLAGE CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN SANKURA WOREDA, SILTE ZONE

16