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OBA000100 GPON
Fundamentals
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. Huawei Confidential

 Architecture of Optical Access
Network CO Customer
Premise
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
BA DSLAM

ODN Curb
m
250-700 ge
overa
Urban C
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC OLT

MDU
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTB OLT

ONU
Optical Networks Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTH OLT
ONT
Optical Line Termination Optical Networks Termination

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What is Optical Access
Network?
From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the following
scenarios:
1. FTTB scenario
SBU : Single business unit ; providing a comparatively small number of ports such as
10/100/1000BASE-T, RF, and DS1/T1/E1 ports
MTU :Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of ports,
including 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF and DS1/T1/E1 ports., VDSL2, and so on.
2. FTTC & FTTCab scenario
MDU : Multi-dwelling unit ;providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including
10/100/1000BASE-T, RF, VDSL2, and so on.
3. FTTH scenario
SFU : Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports, including
following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF.

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What is PON?

Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical
Splitter ONU
Optical Line Terminal

ONU

PSTN

Internet OLT Passive Optical

Splitter
ONU

IPTV Optical Network Unit

PON is a kind of passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point architecture;

PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;

PON consists of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU) and Optical
Distribution Network(ODN).

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 Why GPON?<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 2.5G

Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / ADSL2+ PON

Technology Copper Based Copper Based Fiber Based

Coverage ~20km
<3km <2km <1km
diameter

Internet VoD Live TV

Service Video conferencing HDTV VoD
requirements
Remote control Game HDTV

2002 2003 2006 2010

Time

 （Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks）

GPON（ ）
 GPON supports :
 Triple－play service
 high-bandwidth
 long-reach (up to 20 km)
 GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

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GPON Principle----Data
Multiplexing
 GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology,
facilitating bi-direction communication over a single fiber.

1490nm

1310nm

 To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single

fiber, GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms:

In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;

In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.

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GPON Principle----Downstream Data

Broadcast mode

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 GPON Principle----Upstream Data

TDMA mode

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 Basic Performance Parameters
Upstream Downstream
Rate(Gbps) Rate(Gbps)
0.15552 1.24416

0.62208 1.24416
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s
down is the mainstream speed
1.24416 1.24416 combination supported at current
time.
0.15552 2.48832

0.62208 2.48832

1.24416 2.48832

2.48832 2.48832

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 Basic Performance Parameters
Maximum logical reach 60 km

Maximum physical reach 20 km

Maximum differential fibre 20 km

distance

Split ratio 1：64/up to1：128

The distance
between nearest
and farthest
ONTs

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 GPON Power Budget

This chapter describes GPON optical power budget.

Slide #16
 Optical Power Attenuation

Ø Power attenuation calculation of Optical splitter

Ø Input attenuation of optical splitter(<1dB):

∑(Power input) - ∑(Power output of all branch)

Input 1:2 optical splitter Output Attenuation of 1:2 splitter: 3dB

Attenuation of 1:4 splitter: 6dB
Attenuation of 1:8 splitter: 9dB
Attenuation of 1:16 splitter: 12dB
Attenuation of 1:32 splitter: 15dB
Attenuation of 1:64 splitter: 18dB
Attenuation of 1:128 splitter:21dB
Output
Input

2:N optical
splitter

Slide #17
 Fiber Attenuation and Power Budget
Ø Fibre attenuation relates to the fibre length
About 0.5 dB max per km
Ø The attenuation of fibre splicing point is for 1310nm and 0.3dB max
per Km for 1490nm
typically 0.1dB/02dB

Ø Other factors may cause attenuation, such

as fibre bending A class B+ OLT and ONU

can accept a total loss of 28 dB
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss

Class A Class B Class B＋ Class C

Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB

Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB

NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently
more stringent due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner having a loss of
about 3 dB.

Slide #18
 Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)

Slide #19
 Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)

Slide #20
 RF Overlay Service Solution in GPON

EDFA
（Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier）

Central Video Customer

1550nm
Office Voice/Data Premises
Voice/Data& Video
Downstream 1490nm
1490/1310nm，1550nm
Optical ONU
OLT Couplers (Optical Network Terminal)
(Optical Line Terminal)
（WDM）

Upstream 1310nm Optical Splitter

Video IP
Upstream Downstream （RF）
1310nm 1490nm 1550nm
Voice and Data Voice and Data
Video
@1250Mbps @2500Mbps

42Mhz 550Mhz 860Mhz

Analog TV Digital TV HD/VOD

Slide #27
 Examples of Huawei OLT

5800-X17: 5800-X2:
Switching capacity: 7 Tbit/s Switching capacity: 480 Gbit/s
272 x GPON/EPON 32 x GPON/EPON
816 x GE/FE 96 x GE/FE
136 x 10G GPON/10G EPON 16 x 10G GPON/10G EPON
136 x 10G GE 16 x 10G GE
544 x E1 64 x E1

H x W x D: H x W x D:
493 mm x 287 mm x 486 mm 442 mm x 268.7 mm x 88.1 mm

Slide #30
 Examples of Nokia ONTs

Slide #31
 Optical Distribution Network (ODN) Passive Accessories

Splitter 1/8 Splitter 1/32

Floor distribution
board

Slide #32
 Installation: 9 – Subscriber connection box

Slide #41
 Installation: 10 - ONT

Slide #42
 GPON Acronyms & Abbreviations:
AON - Active Optical Network OAN - Optical Access Network
APON - ATM Passive Optical Network OCn - Optical Carrier
[same as ATM-PON] ODN - Optical Distribution
ATM-PON - ATM PON [same as BPON] Network
OEC - Optical Electrical
BPON - Broadband Passive Optical Network Converter
ONT - Optical Network Terminal
CPE - Customer Premises Equipment [ITU-T]
ONU - Optical Network Unit
DBA - Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation [IEEE]
OLT - Optical Line Terminal
DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface OLT - Optical Line Termination
Specification
EFN - Ethernet in the First Mile OLT - Optical Line Terminal
OMCI - ONU Management and
EPON - Ethernet PON Control Interface
FSAN - Full Service Access Network
PMD - Physical Medium
FTTC - Fiber To The Curb Dependent
FttD - Fiber To The Desk POL - Passive Optical LAN
FTTN - Fiber To The Node PON - Passive Optical Network
FTTP - Fiber To The Premises
GbE - Gigabit Ethernet RFoG - RF over Glass
GE-PON - Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical RF-PON - Radio Frequency PON
Network TDM-PON - Time Domain
GEPON - Gigabit Ethernet PON Multiplexing PON
GPON - Gigibit PON UNI - User Network Interface
HFC - Hybrid Fiber Coaxial WDM-PON - Wavelength Division
HFC-PON - Hybrid-Fiber-Coax PON Multiplexing PON

Slide #43
ANNEXE

Annexe 1 : Exemple de l’architecture GPON

(3538 - Baume Palmeraie)

Annexe 2 Exemple du bilan de liaison GPON

(3538 - Baume Palmeraie)

Dans cette partie, on va calculer la perte de la liaison depuis OLT Zyxel (Baie Villa Yucca)
jusqu’à un Bastidon dans la zone 68-78 (PON5)
 Type Description Perte (dB)

Splitter Splitter 1:2 (Villa Yucca) 3

Splitter 1:32 (Baie Splitter zone 67-78) 17

Connecteurs au BAR (x2) 0.7

ONT (mobile home) 0.35

Soudures A l’arrivée splitter Zone 67-78 0.2 (normalement

0.1)

Au départ du 2FO depuis splitter jusqu’à ONT 0.2 (normalement

0.1)

Fibre < 1 km 0.4

TOTAL Perte 13 < 21.85 < 28 (OK

pour classe B+)