INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)

SAP PS (Project system)

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Phone/WhatsApp: +1 (515) 309-7846 (USA)

Email: info@zarantech.com

Website: www.zarantech.com

1 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
1. What is SAP PS, and what are its key features?

SAP PS is a project management feature of SAP ERP that allows organizations to

plan, start, and finish their projects. Some of the most important elements of
SAP PS are:

• Project Planning

• Resource Allocation

• Project Execution

• Project Controlling

2. What is a work breakdown structure (WBS) in SAP PS?

In SAP PS, a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a group of project tasks that
can be assigned to a cost center or project team. A WBS is a way to divide the
tasks of a project into smaller, easier-to-manage parts. To plan a project well,
you need a WBS because it helps you determine the project's goals,
deliverables, and milestones.

3. How can SAP PS be used to handle different kinds of projects?

SAP PS can be used to manage a wide range of project types, including:

• IT projects

• Engineering and construction projects

• Marketing and advertising projects

• Research and development projects

• Capital investment projects

• Event management projects

2 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
4. How do you create a project in SAP PS?

To create a project in SAP PS, you need to go to transaction code CJ20N and
follow these steps:

• Enter the project definition and description.

• Enter the project start and end dates.

• Define the project structure by creating WBS elements.

• Assign resources to the project.

• Define project milestones.

• Set project budgets.

5. How do you track project progress in SAP PS?

To track project progress in SAP PS, you can use a range of tools, including:

• Project status reports

• Resource utilization reports

• Cost reports

• Network Diagram

• Progress Tracking

• Earned Value Analysis (EVA)

SAP PS gives you several tools and ways to track the progress of a project. Your
chosen method will rely on your needs and the project's requirements.

6. What are the parameters of the Project System (PS)?

The parameters of SAP PS can be broadly categorized into the following

categories:

• Organizational Parameters: This includes project definition, profile, type, and

WBS.

3 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• Time Parameters: This includes project start and finish dates, scheduling
options, and phases that constitute the project schedule.

• Financial Parameters: This includes the project cost center, cost element, and
currency that define the project budget, costing, and accounting techniques.

• Network Parameters: This includes project network type, activity type, and
predecessor/successor linkages.

• Material Parameters: This includes material type, master record, and stock
availability that characterize the project's materials.

• Resource Parameters: This includes resource type, master record, and

availability.

• Information Parameters: This includes project status, progress reporting, and

documentation needs.

7. What is the menu path and T. Code for Projects' special characters?

The menu path to define special characters for projects in SAP PS is as follows:

IMG (Implementation Guide) > Project System > Structures > Operative
Structures > Work Breakdown Structures > Project Coding Mask >Define Special
Characters

The transaction code (T. Code) to directly access this screen is: OPSK

8. How might PS and COPA be connected? How will the settlement function
once PS is linked to Controlling via COPA?

PS and COPA can be linked through the settlement process, where the project
costs are settled to COPA segments. When PS is tied to Controlling through
COPA, settlement occurs via a profitability segment. These Level 1 WBS
elements are settled to the PSG, while Level 2 WBS elements are settled to the
WBS element, which is preferred over Level 1. The level 1 WBS/project will be
settled to the PSG, while variances will be linked to COPA.

4 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
9. Does the Project system integrate with other SAP ECC modules?

Yes. The SAP ECC Project System (PS) module is integrated with various other
modules, including Controlling (CO), Finance (FI), Sales and Distribution (SD),
Material Management (MM), and Human Capital Management (HCM). This
integration ensures a seamless data flow and eliminates the need for
duplicating data between the modules. For example, the PS module can use
data from the CO module for cost allocation and vice versa. Additionally, like the
MM module, the PS module can interact with the SD module for sales orders.

10. Does the Project system integrate with other SAP ECC modules?

Yes. The SAP ECC Project System (PS) module is integrated with various other
modules, including Controlling (CO), Finance (FI), Sales and Distribution (SD),
Material Management (MM), and Human Capital Management (HCM). This
integration ensures a seamless data flow and eliminates the need for
duplicating data between the modules. For example, the PS module can use
data from the CO module for cost allocation and vice versa. Additionally, like the
MM module, the PS module can interact with the SD module for sales orders.

11. How is the SAP PS system's Selection Profile used?

A Selection Profile is used in the SAP PS system to choose a group of objects for
further processing, such as reports or data extraction. It is a set of criteria for
making a choice that has already been set up and can be saved and used for
different jobs.

In SAP PS, a Selection Profile can include objects like WBS elements, networks,
tasks, and projects, among other things. It can also have different areas and
filters depending on the user's wants.

5 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
12. What purpose do cost components serve within the SAP PS system?

The purpose of cost components in the SAP PS system is to simplify the tracking
and analysis of project costs by showing how costs are distributed among
different cost elements. This information helps identify cost drivers and areas
where costs can be reduced. Additionally, combining cost planning and cost
components enables more precise cost forecasting for future projects, which
aids in budgeting and planning.

13. What do you mean by MRP run?

The SAP PS system uses MRP (Material Requirements Planning) or planning run
to generate procurement proposals, including purchase requisitions or planned
orders, for the materials required in a project. The MRP run considers different
factors, such as the project schedule, the project's BOM (Bill of Materials),
inventory levels, and other relevant data to calculate the material requirements.

14. What are the different types of Currency SAP PS can handle?

SAP PS can handle four different types of currencies: controlling area currency,
project currency, object currency, and transaction currency.

15. What is resource-related billing in SAP PS?

The resource-related billing tool in SAP PS lets you charge for project resources
like labor, materials, and equipment based on how they were actually used in
the project. This method of billing works well when the project scope or needs
need to be clarified at the start, and the customer is willing to pay only for the
resources that were actually used.

16. Where are time profiles defined?

In SAP PS, the system defines time profiles by navigating to the customizing
settings via transaction code OPSA or the menu path.

6 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
SPRO -> IMG -> Project System -> Dates -> Define Time Profiles.

Time profiles in SAP PS are used to specify the daily and weekly schedules for a
given project or network. They help you figure out when you should begin and
end working on a certain task or phase of a project.

17. Explain briefly about the SAP PS Gantt chart?

In SAP PS, A Gantt chart is a visual depiction of a project schedule that shows
the beginning and ending times of tasks, the time taken for each task, and any
interdependencies between tasks. The Gantt chart is an effective tool for
project managers to track the project's development and spot any possible
snags. Project team members can better see the big picture and grasp their
roles and deadlines with this tool. You can view the Gantt chart using the SAP PS
transaction codes CJ20N and CN20N.

18. What is project coding mask?

Project Coding facilitates the presentation of complex project numbers.

Additionally, they can be used to designate the hierarchy position of a WBS
element.

We can generate a mask for each key you intend to use in project-related
coding. Project Definition, as well as WBS Element, must be unique within the
SAP system. The project code and hierarchy are adjustable to a certain point in
the project's status.

Project Code has two parts.

• Part 1: Project Coding Mask (Project Identifier)

• Part 2: Serial number (Project Number)

7 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
19. What is the difference between LSMW and BAPI?

LSMW BAPI

LSMW is used to migrate data from BAPI is used to connect third-party

legacy systems to SAP. applications to SAP.

LSMW is a tool that helps in data BAPI is a standard interface for

migration by using legacy system data.
accessing SAP business objects.

LSMW is mainly used for uploading BAPI is used for real-time integration
large volumes of data in batch mode.
between SAP and non-SAP systems.

LSMW is typically used by functional BAPI requires programming expertise

consultants who are not necessarily
and is typically used by developers.
familiar with programming languages.
LSMW is a free tool that comes with BAPIs can be free or require
the SAP system. additional licensing fees, depending
on the specific BAPI being used

20. How do I calculate WIP in PS for all WBS associated with a specific project?
Is there a specific Tcode in ECC 6.0?

Follow these steps to figure out Work in Progress (WIP) in SAP PS for all WBS
that belong to a certain project:

• In ECC 6.0, navigate to the Project System module.

• To access the project definition, enter transaction code CJ20N.

• Select the 'Costs' tab and the 'WIP Calculation' icon from the project
definition's 'Costs' tab.

• Choose the 'WBS Element Selection' tab next.

• Select the WBS elements for which you want to calculate the WIP in the 'WBS
Selection' tab.

• Select 'Multiple WBS' and enter the project number to which the WBS
elements belong. To execute the report, click 'Execute.'

• The report will display the WIP values for the specified WBS elements.

8 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
21. What is the transaction number in SYSTEM used for?

To quickly access a specific SYSTEM page, you only need to know the
corresponding transaction code. By entering the Transaction Code and then
pressing "Enter," you can bypass the standard menu and get straight to the
desired transaction. The VA22 transaction code can be used to access the
Change Quotation screen. However, a Sales document is created with the VA01
transaction code in SYSTEM.

22. What is the relationship in SAP PS?

Relationships between project activities or tasks can be set up in many different

ways in SAP PS (Project System). These connections describe the
interdependencies between tasks and, thus, the order in which they must be
carried out to complete the project successfully.

Some of the common types of relationships in SAP PS are:

• Finish to Start (FS) - This is the most common type of relationship where the
next action can't begin until the activity that came before it is done.

• Start to Start (SS) - In this relationship, the next activity can't begin until the
action that comes before it has already started.

• Finish to Finish (FF) - In this case, the next action can't finish until the one
before it is done.

• Start to Finish (SF) - This is a less common link where the activity that comes
after the activity that came before it can't end until the activity that came
before it starts.

23. Why does SAP PS have network activity types, and how do you create
them?

Network activity types are used to describe the different kinds of tasks that can
be done in a project. They are used to assign prices and resources to specific
tasks and keep track of how things are going.

9 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
In SAP PS, you need to go to transaction code KL01 and take these steps to
make a network activity type:

• Enter the activity type code and description.

• Define the planning and costing parameters.

• Assign the activity type to a cost center or an order.

• Save the activity type.

24. What is a milestone trend analysis in SAP PS, and how do you do one?

SAP PS includes a milestone trend analysis feature that may be used to monitor
project milestones and spot patterns in their completion. It aids project
managers in foreseeing problems and devising solutions to keep the project on
schedule.

Follow these instructions to do a milestone trend analysis in SAP PS using

transaction code CJ30:

• Select the project for which you want to perform the analysis.

• Select the "Milestones" tab.

• Click on "Milestone Trend Analysis."

• Review the analysis results and take appropriate actions.

25. What is unit costing?

In SAP PS, unit costing can be used to calculate the cost of individual project
activities or work packages. This is accomplished by designating cost elements,
such as labor, material, and overhead costs, to each activity or work package.
The unit cost is then determined by dividing the total cost of the activity or work
bundle by the planned or actual quantity of units produced.

10 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
26. What is the significance of settlement rules in SAP PS?

An SAP PS settlement rule allocates costs and revenues from a Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS) element to another object like a cost center, an asset, or
another WBS element. The costs of a project need to be correctly allocated to
the appropriate objects; thus, it's up to the settlement rules to establish how
that money will be dispersed.

27. What do you think Business Areas mean? Use an example to explain.

In SAP, a "business area" is an organizational unit representing a particular part

of a company's operations. It lets businesses report on their operations and
finances differently based on product lines, geographic areas, or business
functions.

For example, a company that makes and sells more than one type of product
may use business areas to track how each type of product is doing financially.
This lets the company look at each product line's sales, income, and costs and
make smart choices about marketing, pricing, and developing new products.

28. What is the purpose of an SAP PS project status report, and how is it
created?

A project status report provides stakeholders with an overview of the project's

status and progress. It contains details like project milestones, budget and cost
status, and resource utilization.

To create a report on the status of a project in SAP PS, go to transaction code

S_ALR_87013558 and follow these steps:

• Enter the project and reporting period.

• Define the report layout and formatting.

• Choose the data fields you want to add to the report.

• Generate the report.

11 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
29. How do you assign resources to a project in SAP PS?

To assign resources to a project in SAP PS, you need to go to transaction code

CJ20N and follow these steps:

• Go to the WBS element where you want to assign the resource.

• Click on the "Activities" tab.

• Click on "Assignments" and then "Resource Assignment."

• Enter the resource name and the number of hours or units.

• Save the assignment.

30. How many structures can you create in SAP PS?

SAP PS allows users to create different structures to help with project

management, including networks, work breakdown structures (WBS), cost
breakdown structures (CBS), and milestones.

31. What does PS stand for in SAP?

PS stands for Project System in SAP.

32. Why is SAP PS required?

SAP PS is required to manage and control projects from planning to execution

and completion.

33. What is the SAP PS and MM module?

SAP PS and MM are two different modules in SAP. SAP PS is used for project
management, while SAP MM is used for materials management.

12 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
34. How to implement SAP PS?

SAP PS implementation involves creating a project definition, work breakdown

structure, and network and assigning resources and costs.

35. What is the WBS element in SAP PS?

WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) is a fundamental element of SAP PS that

represents a project's hierarchical structure and its various sub-components.

36. What are the three levels of WBS?

The three levels of WBS in SAP PS are

• Project level,

• Summary level, and

• Detailed level.

37. Can we delete the WBS element in SAP?

Yes, deleting a WBS element in SAP PS is possible, but it requires careful

consideration and analysis of its impact on the entire project.

38. What is the SAP PS workflow?

SAP PS workflow is a set of sequential steps or activities that automate the

project management process, such as project approvals and notifications.

39. What is SAP PS validation?

SAP PS validation checks if the project data entered by users comply with
predefined rules and criteria.

13 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
40. What is the process flow in SAP PS?

Process flow in SAP PS involves creating a project, defining its structure using
WBS, assigning resources and costs, scheduling activities, and monitoring
progress.

41. What is SAP PS?

Project System provides tools to track project milestones, costs, and resources.
SAP's Project System module contains tight integration to the Controlling,
Human Resources, and Logistics modules. It utilizes personnel records from HR,
rolls costs into Controlling and links to materials or customers in the Logistics
modules.

Two key objects that define the Project in SAP are:

• Work Breakdown Structure: defines tasks and assign resources to those tasks

• Network: defines the dependencies within the Work Breakdown Structure

(WBS)

42. What is WBS?

A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a model of a project and shows the

project activities to be fulfilled in a hierarchical form. It forms the operative basis
for planning costs, revenues, and payments, as well as for scheduling, and
budgeting. It also shows responsibility.

One definition from the Project Management Institute is as follows:

• The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a key planning tool used to define a
project in terms of its deliverables while providing a method for breaking
these deliverables into meaningful work efforts.

• It is the functional basis for further planning steps in a project, for example, for
process planning, cost planning, scheduling, capacity planning or costing, as
well as project control.

14 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• It provides a clear picture of the project and facilitates the coordination and
implementation of the project from a management standpoint.

• It shows the work involved in a project.

• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is created under an object known as Project

definition.

43. For raising Client billing, is there any possibility of linking line items in the
SD module with Activities / WBS in the PS module?

It can be linked through DIP Profile and do Resource Related Billing for raising
billing.

44. Can Revenues be linked with Activities?

No, it can be done at the WBS level with the 'Billing' operative indicator.

45. Can progress be updated in WBS elements?

Yes, you can use Progress Analysis (EVA) for this.

46. Workforce Planning and Project Status?

When a project status is set back to REL from TECO or CLSD status, the
workforce planning done is getting deleted completely at the activity. Run
cmp9(Evaluation again) and you will have workforce planning back.

47. How can PS be linked to COPA? How will the settlement take place in this
case (when PS is linked to Controlling through COPA)?

The settlement will take place via a profitability segment. Level 1 WBS should
have a settlement rule defined to be settled to PSG and level 2 WBS should be
settled to superior one WBS element. The main level 1 WBS/ Project will be
settled to PSG and variance will be posted to COPA.

15 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
48. What is SAP-Project System?

Project System is a Project management tool from SAP. Which has very good
integration with the other modules of SAP like FI, CO, MM, SD, PP, HR, and
DMS? This module basically coordinates and controls all the phases of a project,
in direct coordination with purchasing and controlling, from quotation to design
and approval to resource management and cost settlement.

Also besides the integration with the SAP module, this Project system also has
an integration with third-party popular Project management tools like Microsoft
Projects and Primavera.

49. What is Project Definition?

Project definition is a binding framework in SAP for all organizational elements

created within a project (e.g. WBS and Networks). Data like company code,
plant, and the person responsible can default into WBS if initially entered in the
project definition. Such data can also default into the project definition via the
project profile which will then default it to subsequent WBS.

50. What is Project Coding Mask?

Project Coding helps display complex project numbers. They can also be used to
indicate the position of a WBS element in the project hierarchy.

We can create a mask for every key you want to use in project coding. Project
Definition has to be unique in the SAP System and also WBS Element has to be
unique in the SAP System.

Project code is changeable and the hierarchy can be changed up to a certain

point of project status.

Project Code has 2 parts

• Part 1: Project Identifier (Project Coding Mask)

• Part 2: Project Number (usually a serial number)

16 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
Every project begins with a Project ID (max. 5 Characters), Using separators to
distinguish the different WBS levels. e.g.: "/", "-", "."

51. Explain What is unit costing?

Unit costing is a means of recording all the costs - direct and indirect - associated
with the delivery of services. The total cost of service provision is divided by the
total amount of service provided.

52. What is the milestone triggering?

Whenever the confirmation of activities is done and if the milestone is attached

to that particular activity the milestone triggers the milestone as per the
configuration done and it will do the billing through the SD module.

53. How do LSMW and BAPI work?

LSMW is an encapsulated data transfer tool. It can provide the same

functionality as BDC in fact much more but when coming from a technical
perspective most of the parameters are encapsulated.

To list out some of the differences:

• LSMW is basically designed for a functional consultant who does not do much
coding but needs to explore the functionality while BDC is designed for a
technical consultant.

• LSMW offers different techniques for migrating data: Direct input, BAPI, Idoc,
and Batch input recording. While BDC basically uses recording.

• LSMW mapping is done by SAP while in BDC we have to do it explicitly.

• LSMW is basically for standard SAP applications while BDC is basically for
customized applications.

17 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
54. How can PS be linked to COPA? How will the settlement take place in this
case (when PS is linked to Controlling through COPA)?

Level 1 WBS should have a settlement rule defined to be settled to PSG and
level 2 WBS should be settled to superior one WBS element. The main level 1
WBS/ Project will be settled to PSG, and variance will be posted to COPA.

55. How to calculate WIP in PS for all webs pertaining to that particular
project? Any specific Code in ECC 6.0?

• KKA2 for calculating result Analysis;

• KKAJ - for calculating WIP.

56. What are the parameters of the Project System?

There are several parameters to define here at the level of the structure. First,
it's the Project Definition (Proj. Profile), then we have the WBS Level, and then,
if used, the Network/Activity/Sub Activity Level. You may include components
and services. The configuration goes into Proj. Definition, WBS, and Activity
profiles.

57. What do Activities, NTW, and WBS represent?

WBS and Networks are two structures that differ in the way in which they
enable you to structure projects and in the functions provided for them in the
SAP system. For example, if you need a hierarchical budget management
function for a project, you would want to use a WBS structure. If, in addition,
you also want to do capacity planning, you would have to use one or several
networks as well. Depending on the specific requirements you may be able to
map a project only via a WBS structure, or by using only one or several
networks, or a combination of both.

18 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
58. What is the menu path & T. Code for defining special characters for
Projects?

It can be found at the following location:

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown
Structures >>> Project Coding Mask >>> Define Special Characters for Projects

Transaction is OPSK

59. The structure of NTW is similar to what type of order?

Maintenance order.

60. What is the impact of the coding mask on the project and where is it
created (menu path)?

Coding masks contain sections for the external identification of projects, and
they are separated by special characters. A section consists either of numbers
that are represented by "0" characters in the coding mask, or alphanumeric
characters that are represented by "X" characters in the mask. You can store a
descriptive text for each coding mask and use lock indicators to control whether
the key and the associated mask can be used for operative or standard WBS
structures.

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown
Structures >>> Project Coding Mask >>> Define Project Coding Mask

Transaction is OPSJ

61. How to set the field status of WBS as mandatory, (WBS Element, NTW)?

There are five different transactions. Project Definition, WBS Elements, Network
Header, Networks Overview and Network Details. There you will see a table
with radio buttons that indicate whether a field should be set as Input, required
(mandatory), Display, or Hide. You can also define Influence Fields and Field
Groups.

19 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
For Project Definition and WBS Elements:

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown
Structures >>> User Interface Settings >>> Define Field Selection for Work
Breakdown Structures

Transactions are OPUK (Project Definition), OPUJ (WBS Elements)

For Networks:

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Network >>> User
Interface Settings >>> Define Field Selection for Networks

Transactions are OPUA (Header), OPUB (Overview), OPUC (Details)

62. Difference between validation & substitution?

Substitution enables us to automatically change master data fields of Project

Definitions, WBS Elements, Network Headers, and Activities. For example, you
can automatically set the cost centre 9999 for those WBS Elements into which
responsible persons with numbers 0 to 20 have been entered.

Validation enables you to carry out self-defined checks for master data fields of
the same elements. But the result of validations consists of informational
messages, warnings, or error messages. For example, you can validate that
projects with a specific project profile always begin with the same key.

63. What do time profiles do?

The profile is part of the “Planning Board Profile" and it determines the
beginning and the end of the evaluation and planning periods. This means that
pre-evaluation and post-evaluation periods are defined automatically. This is
how the Planning Board is displayed graphically.

20 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
64. Where do we define time profiles? What is the evaluation period?

The evaluation period is the period in which you want to control your project,
and it will be displayed on your planning board. Don't get confused with
scheduling, which is how time is managed in a project.

Project System >>> Structures >>> Project Planning Board >>> Define Time
Profiles

Transactions are OPTY

65. What are the different time profiles?

There are two, but you can define your own. SAPPS_Z001 and SAPPS_Z002.

66. What are the fields in the pricing procedure?

There are 16 fields that are given below:

• Step

• Counter

• Condition type

• Description

• From

• To

• Manual

• Mandatory

• Statistic

• Print

• Subtotal

• Requirement

• Alternative calculation type

• Alternative condition base value

21 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• Account key

• Accrual

67. What are the Standard output types in SD?

BA00 for order LD00 for delivery RD00 for billing and RD03 for Cash sales.

68. What is Condition type?

Condition type is a pricing element such as a discount, freight, or surcharge. This

is used in pricing procedures to represent condition records.

69. What is the difference between the delivery document & scheduling?

The delivery document is an electronic document that stores when how much
quantity of materials and where the materials should go on the other side,
scheduling represents when materials will be delivered in that case backward
scheduling and forward scheduling are used.

70. How is the item category determined?

In general item category determination is happened through sales document

type item usage item category group higher level item category +default item
category

In the creation of the reference document, item category determination

happens from copy control where the source item category is to the target item
category. if it is not maintained, item category determination has happened
though normal determination like sales document type+ item usage item
category group + higher-level item category default item category.

22 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
71. What is Extract used in condition tech? in pricing?

Condition table Access sequence Condition type pricing procedure=condition

technique. The above extract is used to find a suitable condition record.

72. What is the difference between plant and storage location?

A plant may be delivering plant and production plant or a storage plant. In Sales
and Distribution, since the plant is assigned to the sales organization and
distribution channel, it is called delivering plant.

73. What is the purpose of the transaction code in SYSTEM?

The transaction code is the short path to reach a specific screen in the SYSTEM.
Instead of going through the routine menu, you can enter the Transaction Code
and then press “Enter,” which would directly take you to the specific
transaction. For example, you can access the VA22 transaction code to reach
the Change Quotation screen. However, the VA01 transaction code is used to
create a Sales document in SYSTEM.

74. What is meant by match code in SYSTEM?

The comparison key that helps you to find the key of a specific database record,
depending on the field value entered in the record, is known as the match code.
On the basis of the match code, the system then displays a list of records from
which you can select the appropriate one.

75. Explain the three main areas of customer master data.

The customer master is a part of the SD module and forms the basis for
customer-related transactions. It is divided into three areas:

General Data—It is used for the maintenance of general customer details such
as name, address, phone/fax nos., and so on.

23 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
Sales Area Data—It is used for Sales-related data maintenance.

Company Code data—It is used for accounts-related data maintenance.

76. What is the purpose of the Implementation Guide (IMG Menu) in the
SYSTEM?

The Implementation Guide (IMG Menu) is used to collectively group the areas
that must be configured and customized, and form a basic structure of an
organization in the System to run.

77. How will you maintain a company code in a SYSTEM?

To maintain a company code, navigate the following menu path:

Customizing Implementation Guide (MG Menu)). Enterprise Structure >

Definition > Financial Accounting > Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code.

78. What do you mean by Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)?

ERP is a way to integrate processes and data of an organization into a single

system to provide easy access and workflow in an organization. It refers to the
way in which large organizations efficiently plan to use resources to their fullest.

79. List the advantages of implementing an ERP system in an organization.

The advantages of implementing an ERP system in an organization are as

follows:

• Various processes and workflows of an organization are integrated into a

single system.

• Efficient utilization of resources in an organization.

• Ability to easily share organizational data across different departments.

• Improves efficiency and productivity levels.

• Lower costs.

24 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• Better customer service.

80. What mean by valuated stock, and non-valuated stock? Which category
you are using in po&pr?

In Valuated stock, every material in stock is managed on both a quantity basis

and a value basis. The monetary value of each quantity of material is calculated
separately. while non-valuated material is maintained as per quantity and not
on the basis of its value.

81. What is the Primary integration for PS?

• Controlling (CO):

Substantial integration exists between PS and CO. This is because PS relies on so

many objects that belong to CO for Integrated Cost Planning, Settlement,
Results Analysis, Resource Planning, and any reporting that involves Cost
Elements. Controlling Area is the most obvious connection, without which PS
could not function. In Workforce Planning via Work Centres/Activity Types,
there is integration with Human Resources (HR) to register personnel who are
assigned to projects.

• Materials Management (MM):

Based on Materials and BOMs, PS has the ability to create Reservations,

Purchase Requisitions and Purchase Orders via Easy Cost Planning Execution
Services and Networks in general. This powerful integration makes PS a key
player in the logistics cycle, including the ability to handle Services via Service
Masters. Further, the ability of Networks to work with Catalogues takes PS into
SRM (Supply Relationship Management), where the internet plays a large part in
sourcing materials. Additionally, PS can help manage the MRP (Material
Requirements Planning) cycle with its MRP Grouping functionality. PS is the
‘owner’ of the ProMan facility which tracks and helps manage all the
Procurement document flows.

25 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• Sales and Distribution (SD):

PS has a fairly straightforward integration with SD via Order Numbers. All SD

Orders (Quotations, Sales Orders, Consignment Orders, etc) can be assigned to a
project for the purpose of planning revenue, creating Billing Plans, and
attracting costs. DIP Profiles (Dynamic Item Processors) assist in the process of
simulating and automatically creating Sales Documents, plus providing a means
to bill customers based on activity within a project (Resource-Related Billing).
Additionally, Assembly Processing provides the means for a Sales Order or
Quotation to automatically generate a Project using Configurable Materials.

• Finance (FI):

As PS is primarily a Cost Planner and Cost Collector and therefore a slave to

FI/CO, its primary objects (WBS and Network) rely on actual expenditure to
manage Account Determination, which is really the Chart of Accounts.
Ultimately, all costs end up somewhere in Finance. Cash-flow management is
also a feature that PS can be used for, via Funding Areas in Treasury.

• Production Planning (PP):

Though not a major player in the PS side of integration, it is via MM that PP is

informed of Production Orders using special settings in the Material Master.

• Plant Maintenance (PM):

At the heart of this integration is Maintenance Orders, which like most external
orders can connect to PS for Planning and Settlement purposes. Generally,
Maintenance and Service Orders apply to Capital or Customer-based projects,
where equipment serviced on-site can be managed in a Project.

• Investment Management (IM):

Quite a substantial amount of integration here. IM seamlessly integrates with PS

to manage Assets Under Construction (AUCs). Cost Planning can be managed in
PS, sent to Investment Programs, and returned to the project as a managed
Budget. AUCs are automatically generated when a project is released, so there
is a relatively important connection to Fixed Assets.

26 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
82. What is the Standard Project Structure?

Standard structures in Project Systems can be found in Standard project

definitions and in Standard WBS These standard structures can be used as a
template to standardize project management.

This brings about the advantage of Making the processing of projects more
transparent (everyone creates an operative project from a standard project),
Enabling comparison of projects with similar structures, Facilitates project
controlling.

Standard project templates CANNOT be used to capture any actual data (e.g.
costs, actual materials used) and they serve as a quick way to create an
operative project during the implementation stage. As such, it is recommended
that nominated users maintain these standard project templates at least once a
year or whenever there are process changes for each type of project.

83. What are some other common integrations of SAP you use in project
management?

An interviewer may ask this question to determine your familiarity with the SAP
suite or to understand what improvements you may make to their system.
When answering this question, think about integrations you've used in the past,
and only mention modules with which you're familiar.

Example: "There are many helpful integrations depending on the scope and
purpose of your project, but some integrations that I find helpful are the
Finance and Controlling module, which helps me plan the costs of the project
ahead of time and make predictions about the revenue. This module helps me
with financial planning for the project, so my budget is more transparent. I also
use the Production Planning module to help me keep track of materials capacity
planning and bills, so I can monitor resources and have all my vendors'
information in one place."

27 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
84. What is SAP Project System module?

Project System is one of the key module of SAP to perform project and portfolio
management and helps you to manage the project life cycle starting from
structure, to plan, execution and till the project completion.

87. Is Project system integrated with other modules of SAP ECC?

Project system is closely integrated with other SAP modules like logistics,
material management, Sales and Distribution, Plant Maintenance, and
Production planning module.

85. What is an external and an internal project in terms of project budget?

• External Financed Projects −

This includes the projects which are sponsored by clients and are executed to
meet the client requirements. These projects are called customer projects and
project goal is aligned to meet the customer demand.

• Internal Financed Projects −

This includes project related to capital investment or overhead cost projects.

86. How do you categorize project based on the list of activities?

You can categorize projects according to the list of activities and project
structure or on the basis of individual activities −

• Using Work break down structure WBS

• Using individual activities as per work packages

90. What is Work Breakdown Structure?

In Project System, Work Breakdown structure WBS and network diagram can be
used to structure the project either in hierarchical order or using network
techniques. You can define key milestones and documents that allows you to

28 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
monitor the progress of project and helps you to define key interest of
individuals.

91. What are the different steps involved in Project Process Flow?

Below are the key steps involved in Project process flow −

• Create Templates/WBS

• Create Project

• Project Planning

• Budgeting and Release

• Project Implementation

• Project Completion

92. What activities of SAP FICO is integrated with SAP Project System module?

To plan the costs and revenue in the project system as per the financial planning
requirements.

93. What activities of SAP MM is integrated with SAP Project System module?

To manage procurement and inventory functions occurring in project lifecycle.

94. What activities of SAP SD is integrated with SAP Project System module?

To manage the sales process in project lifecycle- includes quotations for

customer projects. This includes billing, selling and shipping of goods and
services required in project lifecycle.

95. What activities of SAP PP is integrated with SAP Project System module?

To perform activities like material requirement planning MRP, Bills of material

BOM, material requisition as per MRP, capacity planning and other production
planning tasks in project lifecycle.

29 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
96. Explain Organization structure and elements in SAP Project System?

When a project is initiated, it starts with the definition and classification of the
project structure which is required to align it with the existing enterprise
structure in an organization.

Project System has no organizational structures of its own and we have to

incorporate the structure to enterprise structure by assigning organization
elements in different ERP R/3 modules. These organization elements allow
Project system to maintain and get the data correctly.

An Organization structure consists of various elements that has to be created as

part of structuring of project. Following are the organization elements −

• Company Code

• Business Area

• Controlling Area

• Plant

97. What is Company Code?

Company code is smallest unit in an organization for which financial statements

(profit-loss statement, etc.) can be generated.

98. What do you understand by Business Areas? Explain with the example of
use?

Business Arears are used to differentiate transactions that comes from different
line of business in a company.

Example −

There is a big company XYZ, which runs multiple business. Let us say it has 3
different domains like manufacturing, marketing and sales.

Now you have 2 options −

• First is to create different company codes

30 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• And other better option is to create each of these business lines into business
areas.

99. What are the advantages of using Business area in above scenario?

You can use these business areas if other company codes require the same
areas. It is easy to configure if you use Business Area as you just need to attach
to the company code and the other details in business area will get attach itself.

By using Business areas in controlling, you can create Profit and loss statement,
Balance sheet, etc. for business areas so this is used for management
accounting in few companies.

Note − Business areas are more used in Controlling as compare to Finance

Accounting.

100. What is Controlling Area in SAP system?

Controlling Area in an organization is defined as an organizational structure and

is cost accounting, Cost centers, profit centers are used to define the Controlling
area.

101. What is Plant?

Plant is an organizational unit within a company where activities take place. A

plant will produce goods and makes goods available for the company.

102. What are the different currency type in SAP PS system?

In SAP PS system, you can manage all the currency dependent data in the
Project System using below different currencies.

Controlling area currency −

In this currency type, you define work breakdown structure WBS, networks,
activities, and orders in one controlling area.

As same controlling area is used, currency in a project system is also uniform.

31 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
Object Currency −

In Project system, it is also possible to assign any object currency to different

objects in the system.

• WBS element

• Project definition

• Network header

• Network activity

Note that when a company code is assigned to a controlling area and company
code contains multiple currencies in this case you can’t allocate object currency
in PS as in this case system automatically takes the local currency of company
code.

Transaction Currency −

In this case, you use the costs and revenues from different business transactions
are recorded as per currency of the business transaction.

103. How do you define a Project?

A Project is defined as a temporary endeavor to create a product or to provide a

service.

104. Could you name few characteristics of a Project?

• Projects has a defined goal which is agreed between company and customer
and is defined in Project Charter.

• A Project is complex, unique, and definitive in scope and involves a high

certain risk to execute and complete on time.

• Project has defined quality requirements.

• Project has definitive cost, duration and resources to work on the project.

32 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
105. What is the use of defining PS types in Project definition?

A Project type is used to group or classify the projects as required- Example:

Banking projects Capital projects or IT development projects.

A Project type is also used for reporting, building authorization and for creating
hierarchies and network in project planning. It can also be used for developing
customer requirements e.g. use of BADI for WBS settlement rule determination
based on project type as a parameter.

106. What is the use of Status profile?

A status profile contains the individual user statuses and the business
transaction rules defined for those statuses. You can define multiple limit
number of user status profiles that can be maintained in SAP system.

107. What is the use of Selection Profile in SAP PS system?

A Selection profile in SAP Project system is used when you have large number of
selection objects repeatedly with same selection condition. Selection condition
are used using top down approach.

108. What are the parameters of Project System?

There are several parameters to define in here at the structures level. First is the
Project Definition (Proj. Profile), then we have the WBS Level, and then, if used,
the Network/Activity/Sub activity Level. You may include components and
services. The configuration goes into Proj. Definition, WBS and Activity profiles.

109. What is the difference between a WBS and Network structure?

WBS and Networks are two structures that differ in the way in which they
enable you to structure projects and in the functions provided for them in the
SAP system. For example, if you need a hierarchical budget management
function for a project, you would want to use a WBS structure. If, in addition,

33 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
you also want to do capacity planning, you would have to use one or several
networks as well. Depending on the specific requirements you may be able to
map a project only via a WBS structure, or by using only one or several
networks, or a combination of both.

110. What do you understand by Project Profile?

A Project profile is defined to maintain default values and control parameters

like planning methods for costs. The information entered in project profile is
copied to project in project definition or also in the project elements. This
information can be changed at later stage.

111. What information is maintained under Project Profile?

You must maintain below information under project profile section −

• Basic data

• Time scheduling

• Costs/revenues/finances

• Organizational data

112. What is the use of Settlement profile?

In a project, you collect cost and revenues temporarily and they have to settle
as part of period end processing. You need a settlement profile stored in project
profile or network type which determines whether settlement is required,
allowed or blocked.

You use the settlement profile to define the following for actual costs −

• Full Settlement

• Can be settled

• Not to be settled

34 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
113. What is the use of Network profile?

You can create network profile in SAP PS to maintain Network and WBS
structure and to define rules for linking networks.

114. What is Network type in SAP PS system?

In SAP PS system, a network type is used to contain the information for

controlling and managing networks. Network is defined as work order that has a
structure in common with production, maintenance and inspection orders.

115. How do you specify a person responsible for work center in PS system?

In SAP Project System, you can define the person responsible for Work Center.
To define a person responsible, you need to enter person responsible Id and
descriptive name of person responsible for managing work center.

To specify a person responsible for work center, navigate to below path in SAP
Easy access.

SPRO → IMG → Project System → Structures → Operative structure → Network

→ Work Center → Specify person responsible for work center.

116. What is the use of Access Control List?

In SAP Project system, you use access control list to assign authorizations for
specific Project system objects. Access control list function should be activated
in project profile or network profile.

117. In SAP PS system, authorization can be assigned for which objects?

Authorization can be assigned for following PS objects −

• Project

• Work Breakdown structure

• Network

35 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• Activity

• Activity Element

118. Consider a user A is assigned to user group 1 that has read

authorization for a PS object and user has change authorization for PS
object. What authorization user will get?

The user gets change authorization in this scenario.

119. How do you create an access control list?

To create an access control list, navigate to PS object for which you want to
assign authorizations.

• Go to ACL tab page.

• Select insert line button to enter the new data.

• Click on save button to save the entry.

120. What is the use of cost component in SAP PS system?

In SAP PS, you use Cost component to plan, monitor, and control project cost for
projects. This component is integrated with different components in SAP ERP
system −

• Finance Accounting and Controlling

• Production Planning

• Material Management

121. What are the different components under costing variant?

A Costing variants contains the following components −

Costing type − Costing type is used to define the object- like a network, or a
project for which you have to create the costing.

36 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
Valuation variant − In SAP system, you use valuation variant to maintain
valuation bases for materials and activity types managed in the costing.

122. What do you understand by project budget?

SAP PS: Budget Management for Projects

Budget is defined as approved cost for a project and it is different from the cost
plan. Budget is approved cost from management for expected development of
order cost for a given time period.

123. What are the different planning methods that you can use in Project
System?

In SAP Project system, you can use following planning methods −

Manual Revenue Planning − You can perform manual revenue planning based
on Work breakdown structure or by revenue element.

Automatic update Revenue plan − You can perform automatic update of

revenue planning based on Work breakdown structure or in sales order.

124. How do you manage dates in the project?

This component in Project system is used to plan and check dates in project. The
use of date scheduling is to determine phases in a project and duration of the
phases, critical paths and events in project schedule.

In Work breakdown structures WBS and Network, you enter the dates and
these dates can be changed during full project lifecycle.

125. How do you define parameters for WBS scheduling?

In SAP Project system, you can schedule a project or part of the project with all
the activities that are assigned to project. You use WBS element basic dates as
basic dates to schedule the activities.

37 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
When a network contains few activities that are not assigned to same WBS they
are treated as external networks in system in project scheduling.

To define parameters for WBS scheduling, you can use T-code: OPTQ or you can
navigate to SPRO → IMG → Project System → Dates → Data Planning in WBS →
Define Parameter for WBS Scheduling

126. What are the different type of Scheduling options?

• Backward

• Backward in time

• Current Date

• Forward Date, etc.

127. How do you manage material requirement in the project?

This component is used to plan and manage material requirement in project

and to manage the material flow in the project. Material requirement planning
in project comes from Material management and Production Planning and
Control.

128. What is MRP run?

MRP run or planning run is an engine which is used to fill demand and supply
gap. Issues & Receipts are called MRP Elements. Issues include PIRs, Dependent
Requirements, Order Reservations, Sales Orders, Issuing Stock Transfer Orders,
etc. and receipts include Production Orders, Purchase Requisitions, Purchase
Orders, Open Production Orders, Receiving Stock Transfer Order, Schedule lines,
etc.

38 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
129. What are the different MRP parameters?

MRP parameters are required to run material requirement planning to meet

Planned Independent Requirement PIR and to use Routing information.
Different MRP parameters can be used −

Processing Key −

Net Change −

In this run system consider those material which has undergone some changes
from the previous MRP run.

Net Change in planning horizon − This run considers the requirement in

predefined planning horizon and not like net change which check the future
requirements.

In this run, system consider only those material which has undergone some
changes from their last MRP run.

Regenerative Planning − In this run, system consider all the material irrespective
of changes and it is time consuming and not common in Production planning.

130. What is the difference between basic scheduling and lead time
scheduling?

Basic Scheduling − It only calculates basic dates for orders in MRP run and in
house production time for material master in use.

Lead time Scheduling − In this MRP, production dates are defined by lead time
scheduling for planned orders.

131. What is the use of Project versions in SAP system?

In SAP system, version is defined as state of a project at certain point in time.

Project versions are used in Earned value analysis and for project evaluation.

Functions − A Project version can be used for the following purpose:

• To perform the statistical evaluation

39 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• To document the state of project

• To perform comparison and analysis of project progress

• To perform milestone trend analysis to analyze the dates in a project and

comparing them with planned data in the project.

132. What are the different Project versions in SAP system?

There are different project versions types available in Project System −

Project Versions − To compare project status at specific time period.

Plan Versions − This is sued to store different cost plans for a project.

Selection Versions − This is used to perform background processing and to save

the project data matching certain selection criteria.

Simulation Versions − In below table, you can see the different features in a
project that above versions supports in SAP system.

133. What are the different types of report in PS system?

Technical Reports − Project Information System in SAP PS allows to manage and

control your project technically.

This allows you to select all the objects or particular objects in the system- WBS,
Networks, PS texts and material etc. to check their present status and their use
in project network hierarchy. This allows you to see the status of project based
on different objects.

Using Project Information System, you can monitor the data elated to current
project as well as data in archive to see historical data and lesson learnt.

You can enter the values in filters to create structure list which can be used to
view graphics or to move data to different project management tools.

Commercial Reports − You can view various commercial reports related to

project progress in SAP PS system:

Cost Element Report to view cost and revenues to summarize line items.

40 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
To monitor full value flow in the project, you can use Cost/Revenue and
Payment hierarchy reports. Payment hierarchy reports contains data related to
drill down.

To display actual, plan, commitment and budget values you can use Line Item
Reports.

134. What is the accounting and Logistical information that gets defined
with a Project Definition?

In the Project Profile, you define the Controlling area, Company Code, Business
Area, Plant, Functional Area, Profit Center and Project Currency for the project.
If it is a sales project, you can also define Sales Organization, Distribution
Channel, Division and DIP Profile. In addition, you also define the Object Class,
Planning Profile, Budget Profile, Costing Sheet, Interest Profile, Investment
Profile (CAPEX), Result Analysis Key (CO-PA), Settlement Profile and Settlement
Rule Strategy. You will also define whether costs are actual or statistical. This
information is then copied to lower level WBS elements.

135. What do Activities, NTW, WBS represents?

WBS and Networks are two structures that differ in the way in which they
enable you to structure projects and in the functions provided for them in the
SAP system. For example, if you need a hierarchical budget management
function for a project, you would want to use a WBS structure. If, in addition,
you also want to do capacity planning, you would have to use one or several
networks as well. Depending on the specific requirements you may be able to
map a project only via a WBS structure, or by using only one or several
networks, or a combination of both.

41 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
136. What is the impact of coding mask on the project and where is it
created (menu path)?

Coding masks contain the sections for the external identification of projects, and
they are separated by special characters. A section consists either of numbers
that are represented by "0" characters in the coding mask, or alphanumeric
characters that are represented by "X" characters in the mask. You can store a
descriptive text for each coding mask and use lock indicators to control whether
the key and the associated mask can be used for operative or standard WBS
structures.

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown
Structures >>> Project Coding Mask >>> Define Project Coding Mask

Transaction is OPSJ

137. How to set field status of WBS as mandatory, (WBS Element, NTW)?

There are five different transactions. Project Definition, WBS Elements, Network
Header, Networks Overview and Network Details. There you will see a table
with radio buttons that indicate whether a field should be set as Input, Required
(mandatory), Display, Hide. You can also define Influence Fields and Field
Groups.

For Project Definition and WBS Elements:

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown
Structures >>> User Interphase Settings >>> Define Field Selection for Work
Breakdown Structures

Transactions are OPUK (Project Definition), OPUJ (WBS Elements)

For Networks:

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Network >>> User
Interphase Settings >>> Define Field Selection for Networks

Transactions are OPUA (Header), OPUB (Overview), OPUC (Details)

42 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
138. Difference between validation & substitution in SAP Project System.

Substitution enables to automatically change master data fields of Project

Definitions, WBS Elements, Network Headers and Activities. For example, you
can automatically set the cost center 9999 for those WBS Elements into which
responsible persons with number 0 to 20 have been entered.

Validation enables you carry out self-defined checks for master data fields of the
same elements. But the result of validations consists of informational messages,
warnings or error messages. For example, you can validate that projects with a
specific project profile always begin with the same key.

139. Where do we define time profiles? What is evaluation period?

Evaluation period is the period in which you want to control your project, and it
will be displayed in your planning board. Don’t get confused with scheduling,
which is how time is managed in a project.

Project System >>> Structures >>> Project Planning Board >>> Define Time
Profiles Transactions is OPTY

140. How do you control that the project does not run over allocated
budget?

You use Availability Control by defining tolerance limits, which will allow you to
define by how much you can overspend. For example, you can set the system to
send you a message when 95% of the budget has been spent, and stop al PRs
when you have reached 100% or 110% of the budget. Path is Project System >>>
Costs >>> Budget >>> Maintain Budget Profile >>> Define Tolerance Limits

141. What setting does NTW scheduling contains? Where are these settings
done (menu path)?

Control Key in transaction OPSU defines whether an activity can be confirmed,

scheduled, capacity requirements determination, costs, etc. Other important

43 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
settings include Network Types, Parameters for Network Types, Network
Profiles and Control Keys.

There settings are found in the following paths:

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Network >>>
Settings for Networks

Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Network >>>
Settings for Network Activities

142. What is the organizational structure of PS module?

PS structure consists of Project Definition, WBS Elements and Networks. PS uses

structures from FI/CO, MM, SD, etc. There is no structure of PS but the one
provided above.

143. What are the various options for creating a WBS structure in the SAP
project system?

The project builder, structure planning, project planning board, and work
breakdown structure are the various options for creating a WBS structure in the
SAP project system.

144. What are the different methods of creating WBS elements?

Direct creation, indirect methods, network creation, assembly processing, and

transfer simulation are the different methods of creating WBS elements.

145. What are WBS elements used for?

WBS elements describe tasks or partial tasks that can be divided into smaller,
more manageable components.

44 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
146. What are the operational indicators in WBS?

Operational indicators define the characteristics of controlling elements and

specify tasks performed by WBS elements during the project.

147. What are the planning elements in WBS?

Planning elements plan costs and allocate resources to specific tasks or activities
within a project.

148. What are the billing elements in WBS?

Billing elements plan revenues and track invoices sent to clients for completed
work.

149. What are statistical indicators in WBS?

Statistical indicators determine whether a WBS element is used for statistical

purposes or accurate cost accounting.

150. How do you define the hierarchy structure from the keys defined for
WBS elements?

An appropriate project coding mask must be defined in customizing to derive

the hierarchy structure from the keys defined for WBS elements.

151. What are additional functions that can be assigned to WBS elements?

Additional functions that can be assigned to WBS elements include milestones,

building plans, documents, project teams, and investment program items.

45 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
152. What is the standard work breakdown structure, and when can it be
used as a template for creating WBS elements?

The standard work breakdown structure can be used as a template for creating
operative or standard WBS elements if it is created, released, or closed.

153. How is the WBS scheduling profile created in the SAP project system?

To create a WBS scheduling profile in the SAP project system, customizing

settings for WBS elements is necessary. A standard profile is created by SAP,
which includes scheduling types, methods, and adjustments. A new WBS
scheduling profile is created, considering forward scheduling and network-
determining dates.

154. How are WBS elements created in the SAP project system?

There are two methods for creating WBS elements in the SAP project system:
direct and indirect. Direct methods involve using the project builder transaction
code CJ20nr, while indirect methods involve creating a project from the
planning board or directly from the transaction CJ01.

155. What is the project definition, and what information is included?

The project definition includes the project description, system status, user
status profile, coding mask, and primary data for the WBS element.

156. What are the different levels in a WBS element hierarchy?

The WBS element hierarchy includes the first level, followed by the second level
WBS. Each element is assigned a project type, such as civil, equipment, or
preoperative.

The second level WBS hierarchy is created under the project second level, which
includes the project type, priority, summarization, planning, account

46 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
assignment, dates, assignments, control information, control information, and
scale.

157. What is the purpose of creating a WBS structure for a project?

The purpose of creating a WBS structure for a project is to hierarchically

organize and manage the project elements, including tasks, resources, and
costs.

158. What are the different levels of a WBS structure?

The different levels of a WBS structure typically include the main project, sub-
projects, tasks, and sub-tasks.

159. What is the role of account assignment in a WBS structure?

Account assignment assigns costs to specific accounts or categories within a

WBS structure, allowing for accurate cost tracking and reporting.

160. What is the role of actual posting in a WBS structure?

Actual posting records actual costs incurred during a project against the
corresponding WBS elements, allowing for real-time cost tracking and analysis.

161. What is the role of planning integration in a WBS structure?

Planning integration integrates different planning elements, such as scheduling,

costing, and resource allocation, into a single cohesive plan.

162. What is the role of control information in a WBS structure?

Control information is the data and documentation used to monitor and control
project progress, including costing sheets, overhead keys, investment profiles,
result analysis keys, and statistical keys.

47 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
163. How can a WBS structure be created in your system?

A WBS structure can be created in your system using the total tab, which has
four text fields and two number keys with units and dates.

Additionally, the system can create the structure derivation and append values
to the total level. The account assignment and actual posting can be done at the
lower levels.

164. What are some methods for creating a WBS structure in your system?

Some methods for creating a WBS structure in your system include creating it
from the planning board, using an existing project as a template, and creating it
directly from a transaction.

165. What is the direct transaction method for creating a WBS structure in a
project?

The direct transaction method for creating a WBS structure in a project involves
copying the WBS elements from an existing project and including them in the
new project. Users can remove or delete elements as needed.

166. What is the single WBS element method for creating a WBS structure
in a project?

The single WBS element method for creating a WBS structure in a project
involves creating one from the project definition. This is useful when only one
element is needed.

167. What is the project planning board method for creating a WBS
structure in a project?

The project planning board method for creating a WBS structure in a project
involves using the project planning board for structure planning.

48 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
168. What is the project builder method for creating a WBS structure in a
project?

The project builder method for creating a WBS structure in a project involves
using the project builder screen, which allows users to view existing projects,
create new ones, change templates, and view the history of projects.

169. What is the WBS overview in the project builder?

The WBS overview in the project builder shows the list of WBS elements, their
organization, responsibilities, control, tab, and overall tab information.

170. What are the individual WBS details in the project builder?

The individual WBS details in the project builder can be viewed by clicking the
details button for a specific WBS element.

171. What is the mass changes option in the project builder?

The mass changes option in the project builder allows users to changethe
information in a project definition or WBS elements in change mode.

It’s time to use our blog’s MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) to test your
knowledge.

172. What is the primary function of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
in SAP project system?

• Define the overall project objectives

• Provide a framework for all objects within a project

• Specify tasks performed by WBS elements during the project

49 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
173. What is relationship in SAP PS?

Relationship basically denotes how activities in a network order are related to

each other. They can be classified into 4 categories - SS (Start-Start), SF (Start-

Finish), FF (Finish-Finish), FS (Finish - Start).

For 2 activities say A and B

SS -->> Both A and B start together

SF -->> Start of A coincides with finish of B and so on.

We can also specify the time gap between which these relationships work. Say
in an SS relationship, there can be at 10 minutes’ gap between start of A and B
and so on.

174. What is Gantt chart?

It is a graphical representation which helps in Scheduling the Project. It can be

referred to as a Dash Board which

gives details of the Project in terms Budgeting, Actual Costs, Planned Work and
Actual Work, Remaining Work, % of Completion. Project Manager can also use
this for restricting the activities in terms of SS, FS, SF conditions

date wise.

175. What is Project planning board?

Project planning board is a tool within PS that allows you to plan the entire
project structure, capacity, resources, dates.

176. What is Project Management?

Project Management is nothing but an Organizing and planning

and scheduling software Project

• -Delivered on time

50 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
• -Software needed

Needed for Project Management is,

• -Project Planning

• -project Scheduling

• -Project Costing

• -Monitoring Reviews

• -Report Writing and Presentation

Manually it is Documented and Automated it is Microsoft

• Project Planner(MPP)

177. Explain the "Process how do we convert business into sap"?

By ASAP Methodology:

It has following 5 phases:

• As is to be Study Phase: Means study the process of the company which they
are using. Or we can say analysis the business process of company.

• Blueprint phase: In this we have to prepare the flow diagram of the above
data which we have collected in first point. Or we can say documentation of
the data which we have collected from to be study phase.

• Realization Phase: Implementing the collected data in SAP system.

• Final Preparation Phase: In this phase testing has been done on arbitrary data
and on actual data. And there are three type of testing is there:

• Unit Testing: Individual Module Testing.

• Integration Testing: Whether every module is communicating with each other

or not and finally

• User Acceptance Test: End User is satisfied by the system or not.

• Go Live and Post Implementation Support: Live usage of system or in

Production.

51 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
178. My SAP system will be implemented in May 2008, how do i put past
cost/ hours for a project which has started in January?

• Post the cost incurred from Jan-May via JV (From SAP-FI)

• directly on WBS.

179. How can PS be linked to COPA? How will the settlement take place in
this case (when PS is linked to Controlling through COPA)?

Settlement will take place via profitability segment. Level 1 WBS should have
settlement rule define to be settled to PSG and level 2 WBS should be settled to

superior one WBS element. The main one level 1 WBS/ Project will be settled to
PSG, and variance will be posted to COPA.

180. How to calculate WIP in PS for all webs pertaining to that particular
project? Any specific T code in ECC 6.0?

• KKA2 for calculating result Analysis;

• KKAJ - for calculating WIP

181. What mean by valuated stock, on valuated stock? Which cottager you
are using in po&pr?

In Valuated stock every material in stock is managed on a both a quantity basis

and a value basis. The monetary value of each quantity of material is calculated
separately. While non valuated material is maintained as per quantity and not

on the basis of its value.

52 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
182. What do you understand by Project?

A project is a system which involves 1. project, sub-project, activities & tasks.

It will have the good integration with the other modules like MM, Fi/co, & PM
modules.

183. How LSMW and BAPI works?

LSMW is an encapsulated data transfer tool. It can provide the same functionality as BDC
infect much more but when coming to technical perspective most the parameters are

encapsulated.

To list out some of the differences:

LSMW is basically designed for a fictional consultant who do not do much

coding but need to explore the functionality while BDC is designed for a
technical consultant.

LSMW offers different technique for migrating data: Direct input, BAPI, Idoc,
Batch input recording.

While bed basically uses recording. LSMW mapping is done by SAP while in BDC
we have to do it explicitly. LSMW is basically for standard SAP application while
bdc basically for customized application.

184. What is Easy Cost Planning?

It is another function for planning costs at WBS elements level. It uses the
existing Controlling, purchasing or MM data in the form of costing items. Also
you can have predefined costing models to simplify repeated entries.

185. What are settlement rules?

Settlement rules are nothing but settling the account for a cost center. Which
WBS are account assigned the cost of corresponding WBS should be settled to
the respective cost center assigned for that WBS. Settlement rule is assigned in

53 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
settlement profile in which you will define (like asset) the rules of settlement.

186. What is a relationship in SAP PS?

A relationship in SAP PS defines the association between different project

elements like activities, WBS elements, cost objects, etc. It depicts the planning
hierarchy, cost distribution and connections.

187. What is a Gantt chart?

A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of project schedule with activities

displayed on a timeline, showing start/end dates, durations, sequences and
milestones.

188. What is a project planning board? Explain what unit costing is?

The project planning board offers a graphical interface to view and adjust the
project plan. It displays WBS elements & activities that can be resized/moved on
the board.

189. What is the work breakdown structure?

Unit costing enables detailed cost planning at activity level. The system
calculates costs based on price, quantity and other drivers allowing drill-down to
lower-level cost details.

190. What is the company code?

The work breakdown structure (WBS) divides project scope into smaller,
manageable components organized in a hierarchical tree structure based on
deliverables.

54 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
191. Can you name a few characteristics of a project?

The company code is an organizational unit used in SAP to segment financial

data. It is assigned to a project to allocate costs and track revenues.

192. What are the parameters of the Project System?

Some key characteristics of projects are - defined start and end dates,
undertaken to meet specific goals, comprises multiple interdependent activities
and utilizes various resources.

193. How much experience do you have using the SAP PS?

I have over 7 years of experience successfully implementing and managing

projects in SAP PS across various industries. I am well-versed in the entire PS
module's capabilities.

194. Do you have experience with any other project management tools?

Yes, I have worked with other project management tools like Microsoft Project
and Oracle Primavera apart from SAP PS. I can map workflows across different
systems.

195. Do you have experience with other SAP modules?

Yes, I have been involved in cross-module implementations involving integration

of PS with key SAP modules like FI/CO, MM, SD and HR for master data,
planning, costing and billing.

196. How many projects have you completed using SAP PS?

I have completed over 15 major end-to-end PS project rollouts covering project

preparation, execution and closure activities meeting timelines and objectives.

55 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
197. Do you have experience with external financed projects?

Yes, I have configured and managed both externally financed projects funded by
customers as well externally funded by government agencies and development
banks.

198. Do you have experience with internal financed projects?

Similarly, I have set up internal projects capitalized on the balance sheet and
recovered from internal orders across project durations.

199. Have you had a project go over-allocated budget?

Yes, I have successfully handled situations where projects ran over the approved
budget and worked closely with controllership to allocate additional funding
from available reserves.

200. How have you managed dates on a project in the past?

For project schedule management, I follow agile delivery models backed by

flexible scheduling tools in PS with risk tracking and mitigation.

201. What is your typical project management workflow?

My typical end-to-end project management workflow spans initiation, planning,

approval, execution, monitoring, completion and closure phases.

202. What is your most successful project?

My most successful program delivered a business-critical supply chain

transformation project aligning 35+ business processes with PS delivering over
$2M in savings.

56 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
203. Explain how you would convert a business into SAP.

For converting a business to SAP, I would analyze current project management

processes, data objects, system landscape and workflows. Then design an SAP
integrated target state, leveraging SAP Best Practices artifacts, translating legacy
data and configuring systems in scope like PS, FI/CO, MM for the
transformation.

204. If we implement our SAP system in 2022, how can I integrate past costs
and hours for an ongoing project that started in 2020?

For historical data integration, I'd analyze task level costs/hours from legacy
tools, model equivalent WBS structures/activities in PS. Then write data
migration scripts to consolidate and upload legacy data into corresponding
elements within PS retroactively after 2022 deployment.

205. Explain the benefits of a WBS to your project management style?

The benefits of WBS to my style are modular breakdown of project scope for
precise scheduling, costing at granular level preventing overruns. It structures
the deliverables clearly aiding my tracking.

206. Explain a time you struggled to complete a task in SAP PS and how you
resolved your question.

Once a complex billing rule setup posed issues in correctly generating invoices. I
prototyped multiple configuration variations in sandbox engaging billing,
controlling, consultants until requirements matched with billable deliveries.

207. Explain the three main areas of customer master data.

Three main areas of customer master data are - general data like customer
details; control data like approvals and limits; sales data like partner functions
and contacts.

57 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)
208. List the advantages of an ERP system and how it would benefit our
organization.

Key ERP advantages are standardized systems replacing fragmented tools

leading to integrated processes globally across departments, single source of
truth for enterprise data enabling analytics for insights.

209. How do you handle scope creep?

For scope creep, I mandate change requests with detailed assessments of

impact to schedule, cost, scope. Only approved changes get added to baseline
scope minimizing uncontrolled changes.

210. Describe your least successful project using SAP PS and what you
would do differently now.

My least successful project did not have structured QA leading to issues after
deployment. Now I focus more on formal testing, user acceptance of configured
variations in sandbox before production rollout.

211. Describe the characteristic of SAP PS that you find most essential to
your project management style.

The PS feature most essential to me is integrated cost planning allowing

accurate projections to meet budgets through project. This prevents overruns
with detailed data and flexible analysis.

212. How would you link PS to Computer Operator Programming Assistant

(COPA)?

PS can be integrated to COPA pulling completed project costs for profitability

analysis. Revenues not allocated to orders and other costs can be passed onto
COPA as well for exact profit center reporting.

58 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved

INTERVIEW QAs SAP PROJECT SYSTEM (SAP PS)

Corporate Training Course Catalog

https://bit.ly/SAP-course-catalog

SAP Learner Community

https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/sap-learner-community/

Get any SAP Video Training

https://zarantech.teachable.com/courses/category/sap

Phone/WhatsApp: +1 (515) 309-7846 (USA)

Email: info@zarantech.com
Website: www.zarantech.com

59 Copyright© 2024, ZaranTech LLC. All rights reserved