THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

MINISTRY OF FINANCE

PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLIES PROFESSIONALS

AND TECHNICIANS BOARD

PROFESSIONAL CURRICULUM IN PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY CHAIN

MANAGEMENT.

Executive Director,
P.O. Box 2663,
DODOMA.
October, 2022

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. i

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ v
A GLOSSARY OF TERMS .........................................................................................vi

1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Board’s Vision, Mission and Core Values ........................................................... 8

1.2.1 Vision .................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 Mission.................................................................................................. 8
1.2.3 Core Values .......................................................................................... 8

1.3 Background Information to Curriculum Development .......................................... 9

1.4 Rationale for curriculum development, aims and philosophy ............................ 10

1.4.1 Rationale for syllabi review and curriculum development ................... 10

1.4.2 Aims of the Programme ...................................................................... 14

1.4.3 Programme Philosophy....................................................................... 14

1.5 Objectives of the Programme ............................................................................ 15

1.5.1 General objective ................................................................................ 15

1.5.2 Specific objectives of the programme ................................................. 15

1.6 Programme Structure ........................................................................................ 15

1.7 Generic Curriculum needs and Competence Level Descriptors ........................ 16

1.8 Subject Coding .................................................................................................. 17

1.8.1 Professional Diploma .......................................................................... 18

1.8.2 Graduate Professional ........................................................................ 18

1.8.3 Certified Procurement and Supply Professional ................................. 19

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1.9 Entry Criteria ..................................................................................................... 20

1.10 Exemption Criteria ......................................................................................... 22

1.11 Credit transfer and Professional Progression ................................................ 22

1.12 Teaching methods and approaches .............................................................. 23

1.13 Trainers Qualifications ................................................................................... 24

1.14 Training programme structure and coverage ................................................. 25

1.14.1 Professional Diploma .......................................................................... 25

1.14.2 Graduate Professional ........................................................................ 26

1.14.3 Certified Procurement and Supply Professional ................................. 27

1.15 Assessment and examination timing ............................................................. 28

1.16 Grading System ............................................................................................. 30

1.17 Grade Point Average (GPA) Computation ..................................................... 31

1.18 Examination results and publication .............................................................. 32

1.19 Certification and award .................................................................................. 32

2.1 Learning Areas for Professional Diploma I .................................................... 33

Subject Name: Warehouse Operations………………………………………………….26

Subject Name: Business Communication and Report Writing .................................. 38

Subject Name: Business Mathematics and Statistics ............................................... 44

Subject Name: Information and Communication Technology................................... 50

Subject Name: Procurement Principles .................................................................... 56

2.2 Learning Areas for Professional Diploma Two............................................... 60

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Subject Name: Inventory Control ............................................................................. 60

Subject Name: Fundamentals of Procurement Contract Management .................... 66

Subject Name: Principles of Office and Records Management ................................ 70

Subject Name: Principles of Assets Management .................................................... 76

Subject Name: Tendering Process and Techniques ................................................ 80

Subject Name: Entrepreneurship and Commercial Knowledge ............................... 84

2.3 Learning Areas for Graduate Professional I .................................................. 88

Subject Name: Procurement Management .............................................................. 88

Subject Name: Principles of Economics ................................................................... 94

Subject name: Principles and Practices of Management ...................................... 101

Subject Name: Legal Aspects of Procurement ....................................................... 107

Subject Name: Warehouse Management............................................................... 112

2.4 Learning Areas for Graduate Professional II ............................................... 118

Subject Name: Public Procurement Management .................................................. 118

Subject Name: Decision Making Techniques ........................................................ 126

Subject Name: Business Ethics and Professionalism ............................................ 133

Subject Name: Business Consulting Skills ............................................................. 137

Subject Name: Asset Management ........................................................................ 144

2.5 Learning Areas for Graduate Professional III .............................................. 150

Subject Name: Financial Management................................................................... 150

Subject Name: Business Research Methods ......................................................... 163

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Subject Name: Inventory Management .................................................................. 168

Subject Name: Supply Chain Planning................................................................... 177

Subject Name: Essentials of Procurement and Supply Chain Audit ....................... 183

2.6 Learning Areas for CPSP I .......................................................................... 188

Subject: Fleet and Logistics Management.............................................................. 188

Subject Name: Consultancy and Entrepreneurship ................................................ 194

Subject Name: Strategic Supply Chain Management ............................................ 205

Subject: Project Management ................................................................................ 212

Subject Name: Business Negotiation ..................................................................... 218

Subject: Procurement Contract Management ........................................................ 222

2.7 Learning Areas for CPSP II ......................................................................... 228

Subject: Managing Supply Chain Risks.................................................................. 228

Subject Name: Global Strategic Procurement ........................................................ 232

Subject Name: Leadership and Governance.......................................................... 240

Subject Name: Strategic Asset Management ......................................................... 245

Subject Name: Procurement and Supply Chain Audit ............................................ 250

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AFDB African Development Bank (AFDB)

CPSP- T Certified Procurement and Supply Professional – Tanzania.
CT Credit Transfer.
GPA Grade Point Average
IFPSM International Federation of Purchasing and supply Management.
IMF International Monetary Fund
MMCC Material management care taker committee.
NACTVET National Council for Technical and vocational education and Training
NBMM National Board of Materials Management.
NTA Nationational Technical Awards
PSPTB Procurement and Supplies Professionals and Technicians Board
SCOA Standing Committee On Awards
TCU Tanzania Commission for Universities

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 A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Board: Means the “Procurement and Supplies Professionals and

Technicians Board” established by the Parliament Act No.
23 of 2007.

Candidate: Means a person enrolled in the Board’s professional

training programme and Examinations. This is the person
who intends to undertake or is undertaking the PSPTB’s
examinations and registered as such by PSPTB.

Certificate of Competence: Means a certificate to be issued by PSPTB to a

candidate who has successfully attended short course or
specialized professional training required to bridge
competence gap in the certification and registration
requirement.
Competence: Means the combination of knowledge, skills, and attitude
that learners acquire through training programme.
CPSP: Means certified procurement and supply professional
attained after successful completion of professional
training and examination scheme under this curriculum. It
is a post graduate course of study aimed at supporting
learners with knowledge, practical skills and attitude that
will enable them to demonstrate mastery of complex
procurement and supply chain functions.
Curriculum: A curriculum is a well-planned and structured document
showing what a learner is expected to learn and achieve
in terms of skills, knowledge, attitude and understanding
that describes all aspects of teaching and learning
process under the guidance of a school or training
institution.
Executive Director: means the Chief Executive Officer of the Procurement
and Supplies Professionals and Technicians Board

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 appointed in accordance with the provisions of section 9
of the Act.
Graduate Professional: Means the course of study aimed at supporting learners
with knowledge, practical skills and attitude that will
enable them perform non routine duties similar to holder
of Bachelor Degree in Procurement and Supply Chain
programs.
Learning outcomes: Means measurable statements that describe what
learners should know, be able to do, and value as a result
of integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes learned
throughout the topic or course of study.
Professional Curriculum: Means a planned program of study incorporating a
structured series of intended learning outcomes and
associated learning experiences designed to prepare
learners to perform duties based on professional
practices.
Professional Diploma Means the course of study aimed at supporting learners
with knowledge, practical skills and attitude that will
enable them perform routine duties similar to holder of
ordinary Diploma in procurement and supply programs.
Professional Training: Means training programme designed by PSPTB.

Trainer: means a professional or an individual qualifies to be

engaged in teaching or nurturing candidates and
individuals through professional training programme.

Training Programme: means a rolling professional training derived from

PSPTB’s curriculum and syllabi showing the level of
training required and the potential trainer’s qualification in
each level of training.

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 SECTION ONE

THE BOARD’S OVERVIEW

1.1 Introduction
The Procurement and Supplies Professionals and Technicians Board
(PSPTB) is a regulatory professional Board established by PSPTB Act, CAP
179 of the laws of Tanzania to oversee and regulate the practice and conduct
of Procurement and Supply Professionals and Technicians. PSPTB is
mandated to ensure all professionals maintain professional competence and
professional ethics in the manner that their clients or employers receive
competent professional services in line with professional practice, legislation
and techniques.

1.2 Board’s Vision, Mission and Core Values

1.2.1 Vision

To become a Centre of Excellence in Procurement and Supply chain

practices.

1.2.2 Mission

To oversee the development of Procurement and Supply practices by

regulating the profession and conduct of professionals in order to
achieve the best value for money in procurement and supply chain
management.

1.2.3 Core Values

(a) Integrity
We are honest, ethical and transparent in serving our
customers.
(b) Professionalism
We competently provide quality and reliable services to develop
greater efficiencies in our work to the public.
(c) Impartiality
We behave in the best interests of the public by making fair and
objective decisions.

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 (d) Accountability
We are answerable and liable for our conduct.
(e) Innovation
We embrace ideas that drive learning and positive changes that
add value and improve our service delivery.

1.3 Background Information to Curriculum Development

The Board’s curriculum have been under regular revision since the
establishment of materials management caretaker committee (MMCC) in
1977/78 up to the birth of National Board of Materials Management (NBMM)
which was established under National for Materials Management Act No.9 of
1981 to take over the roles of MMCC and ultimately, the current Procurement
and Supplies Professionals and Technicians Board (PSPTB).

Syllabus was developed and implemented for the first time in 1978 after its
approval by National Management development advisory council and the
standing committee on awards (SCOA). This culminated the first syllabus
review which was done between 1982 to 1988 while the second syllabus
review was conducted in 1989, followed by the third review in 1995 and fourth
review in 2004. Between 1995 and 2000, no significant review was made,
apart from minor patches in replacing a few subjects and topics such as
development studies, political economy and political education. This suggests
that only curriculum innovation was done.

In 2007, NBMM was repealed by Procurement and Supplies Professionals

and Technicians Board (PSPTB) through Parliamentary Act No. 23 of 2007.
Two years later in 2009, the fifth syllabus review was carried out to make the
syllabi to keep pace with changes in the PSPTB Act. The syllabi came into
effective operation in November, 2010. At this period, the profession took a
new focus from concentrating on supplies as operational cadre function to
strategic cadre focusing on Procurement and Supply Chain Management.

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 Eventually, the Sixth review commenced in 2014 to 2015 and its syllabi came
into effective implementation in November, 2016 up to date in which it will be
replaced by the seventh professional curriculum of 2022.

1.4 Rationale for curriculum development, aims and philosophy

1.4.1 Rationale for syllabi review and curriculum development

Curriculum development is a problem-solving process that involves

consideration of the problems and needs for the improvement of
training programme and implementation of more alternatives to
learners’ contexts. A curriculum is a well-planned and structured
document showing what a learner (student) is expected to learn and
achieve in terms of skills, knowledge, attitude and understanding that
describes all aspects of teaching and learning process such as
teaching and learning approaches or strategies, assessment methods
and the intended outcomes such as:
(a) Purpose and values of learning can be realized;
(b) Curriculum contents can be identified to support attainment of
desired competencies;
(c) Learners are analysed against the required competencies at a
given level of training;
(d) Activities, methods and media for teaching and learning are
decided; and
(e) Means of assessment are provided in order to measure
effectiveness of educational delivery for outcome realization. It
is, therefore, necessary to reflect on curriculum issues in order
to reach decisions in a dynamic and responsive curriculum
review and development process that would guide professional
training practices.

The Board conducts various professional trainings for award and non-
awards, for capacity building and bridging competence gap through
continuous professionals development programmes and tailor made
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training to professionals and stakeholders in procurement and supply
management.

However, the trainings are not reflected in the existing syllabus, a

situation that necessitates the need for this review so as to develop
competence based professional curriculum which among other things,
will guide these trainings.

In addition, the current social, political, economic and technological

developments taking place in the country and around the globe, pose
challenges to current syllabi realization and aspirations as indicated in
the Board’s mission and vision of becoming a centre of excellence in
procurement and supply management practices.

Furthermore, the emerging demand to the profession in keeping pace

with global procurement systems of the Multinational Financial
Institutions (MFIs) such as International Monetary Fund (IMF), World
Bank (WB), African Development Bank (AFDB) and professional
partner countries in the International Federation of Purchasing and
Supply Management (IFPSM), equally justify the need for curriculum
review and development.

The influence of technology and various reforms in procurement and

supply chain management, impose new competence descriptors on the
job performance that need to be addressed in the proposed curriculum.
Indeed, the contemporary shift from physical tradition procurement and
supply to electronic means like the use of TANePS, simplified software
for supplies management and amendment of Public Procurement Act
have brought remarkable reforms in the profession. These reforms
necessitated the need for syllabi review and development of curriculum
so as to deliver appropriate education that accommodates the
necessary competencies as a way of nurturing professionals to keep
pace with the ongoing reforms.

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Moreover, the entry criteria for current technician syllabus, showed
weaknesses in allowing form four leavers to join the profession in the
two-entry levels of basic stage one and foundation stage one contrary
to national education qualification requirement and practices that
require form four leavers with at least four credits to join basic
certificate programmes. This calls for review and curriculum
development to rectify the situation.

The Board seeks to directly address competence shortfalls of its

professionals and challenges in the real working environment through
syllabi review and curriculum development as an intervention in
bridging the professional competence gap and practices. This was
championed by scanning the environment through situational analysis
conducted to curriculum stakeholders that brought out relevant learning
outcomes for curriculum.

The Curriculum will therefore emphasize complex outcomes of the

learning process (i.e. knowledge, skills and attitudes to be applied by
learners) rather than mainly focusing on what learners are expected to
learn about in terms of traditionally defined subject content. In principle,
such a curriculum is learner-centred and adaptive to the changing
needs of the working environment. It implies also that learning activities
and environments are chosen so that learners can acquire and apply
the knowledge, skills and attitudes to situations they encounter in
everyday life.

The current national industrial economic agenda imposes and opens

up challenging opportunities for procurement professionals to
contribute their expertise in multiple sectors of the economy beyond the
public sector that has been their comfort zone for the past few
decades.

As the country advances its economy from low-income status to a

middle-income country, the economy becomes more open and the
private sector is likely to take a lead. When this happens, the demand
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for procurement professionals in booming industries such as
construction, manufacturing, mining, Oil and Gas and more others is
equally likely to increase which needs to be reflected in the proposed
curriculum.

Similarly, advancing economies are characterized by becoming

integrated by other similar or advanced economies for enhanced
international trade. This integration could involve formation and
strengthening of regional blocks such as the East African Community
(EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
whose characteristics include mobility of labour between member
states.

Notwithstanding, procurement professionals working either in the public

or private sectors of the economy will require requisite training to be
able to serve these emerging competitive markets. As much as
economies integrate, it is likely that multiple professionals such as
engineers, pharmacists, lawyers, accountants and others will be
attracted to work as auxiliary personnel in procurement and supply
functions. This situation necessitates the Board to devise its curriculum
in order to address the need of specialized training programmes that
will not only take these professions on board but more importantly
strive to cater for the increasing market demand in the specialized
sector. Industrialization strategy has been the backbone of a good
number of developed and major emerging economies in the world. In
2016, the government of Tanzania declared industrialization as the
main strategy that could help the country to achieve the middle-income
country status by 2025.

Accordingly, procurement and supply management has received an

elevated status as an important discipline in supporting industrialization
strategy and stimulating economic growth. In this regard, the
government has invested significantly in revamping the dilapidated
infrastructure and construction of new ones.

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 Some of these investments include increasing the depth of Dar es
Salaam port and construction of new berth in order to increase cargo
volume and ship turnaround, construction of standard gauge railway,
construction of Julius Nyerere Hydropower project, increasing tarmac
road network, among other initiatives. In order to realize the value of
these government projects, the investment in improving procurement
and supply competencies is equally important.

The Board’s policies manifests to reviewing its curriculum after every

five years or anytime whenever there is a major shift of national
policies to maintain professional accreditation and accommodate
changing needs of the profession. For instance, the President’s office,
Ministry for Local Governments has been selecting secondary school
students with four credit passes and above who missed opportunities
to join advanced secondary school to join colleges in different discipline
including procurement and supply. Hence, it is therefore considered
timely and appropriate to undertake curriculum review in order to take
on board all the changes and developments on the ground.

1.4.2 Aims of the Programme

Professional curriculum aims at nurturing graduates from colleges and

universities for Technician and professional practices to supply the
labour market and promote self-employment.

1.4.3 Programme Philosophy

The Professional curriculum in procurement and supply profession is

intended to enhance professional practices for procurement and supply
chain management professionals and their associated actors in the
field who are committed to the provision of quality services that bring
value creation and make the difference by producing competent
professionals to meet the needs of the public and private sectors.

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 To realize this philosophy, the programme combines knowledge, skills,
attitudes and abilities that will enable both technicians and
professionals to demonstrate best practices in real working
environment and inculcate self-reliant at individual level, organization,
nation, and global level.

1.5 Objectives of the Programme

1.5.1 General objective

The objective of this professional curriculum is to enhance the

provision of professional skills and meet standards of excellence in
procurement and supply chain practices.

1.5.2 Specific objectives of the programme

This curriculum has been developed to:

(a) Equip learners with knowledge and skills in procurement and
suppy management practices
(b) Equip learners with related procurment and supply auxiliary
knowledge and skills.
(c) Produce technicians who can work in routine procurement and
supply functions.
(d) Produce graduate professionals who can work in non routine
procurement and supply functions.
(e) Produce certified professionals who can assume managerial
and leadership roles in procurement and supply functions.
(f) Inculcate ethical values and organizational norms in
procurement and supply chain management practices.
(g) Develop skills and culture of self-reliant.

1.6 Programme Structure

The general programme structure is built around professional skills that are
designed to provide learners with opportunities to learn how to use their

15
 knowledge and experience in procurement and supply in order to demonstrate
performance in the real working environment.

The specific objectives of the programme will be realized through the

structured exit blocs of Professional Diploma bloc (Professional Diploma one
and two), Graduate Professional bloc (Graduate Professional one, two, and
three), and Certified Procurement and Supply Professional (CPSP) bloc
(CPSP I, CPSP II and Research Paper).

In enhancing competencies of the three exit blocs, this curriculum has

adopted blended curriculum for Content Based Curriculum and Competence
Based Curriculum structure to build candidates in higher learning institutions
from training institutions under TCU and NACTVET so as to keep pace with
the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitude for professional practices in
procurement and supply professionalism.

The content of the learning area were syncronized from challenges emerged
in the outgoing syllabus, findings from curriculum sitituational analysis that
drived the curriculum develoment task force (CDTF) to further perfom
professional skills job analysis based on the three blocs from professional
diploma, graduate professional and CPSP bloc. The aim was to obtain
relevent learning areas that suit generic curriculum needs for technicians and
professionals who will perform and demonstrate competencies in procurement
and supply chain management.

1.7 Generic Curriculum needs and Competence Level Descriptors

Generic curriculum needs are technical education and training qualities that
are developed in all learners regardless of the specific area or content of
learning in order to facilitate life-long learning within and across fields for
professional practice. These education qualities cover many of the desired
workplace knowledge, attitudes and life skills characterized by cognitive,
affective and psychomotor domains necessary for success in professional
performance and one’s life within the modern global economies.

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 The generic curriculum needs and competence level descriptors for this
curriculum are reflected in the three desired learning blocs of professional
Diploma, Graduate professional and the Certified Procurement and Supply
Professional (CPSP) as detailed in Table 1.

Table 1: Generic curriculum needs and competence level descriptors

SN Learning Bloc Purpose of qualification Competence Level

Description
To use knowledge and skills to perform Apply knowledge and skills
1 Professional
various activities of procurement and in procurement and supply
Diploma in
supply functions as technician personnel chain functions which are
procurement and
similar to holder of ordinary diploma in routine.
supply management
Procurement and Supply chain
management.
To plan, organize, direct and execute Apply knowledge, skills
2 Graduate
procurement and supply functions similar and understanding in
Professional in
to holder of bachelor degree in procurement and supply
Procurement and
procurement and supply chain chain functions that are
supply management
management. non-routine.
Use procurement and supply knowledge Demonstrate mastery of
3 Certified
and skills to perform broad range of complex procurement and
Procurement and
complex procurement and supply chain supply chain functions in
Supply Profesional
functions and assume leadership roles employing knowledge and
(CPSP) in
similar to the holder of Master degree in understanding to conduct
procurement and
procurement and supply chain research or advanced
supply management
management. professional activities

1.8 Subject Coding

The code used in this curriculum is an abbreviation of name of the programme
in the three entry and exit blocs. The system of coding has a combination of
letters and numbers representing programme and its series of subjects as
follows:
D: Represents professional Diploma programme and its numbers
representing series of subjects in professional Diploma I and II.
G: Represents Graduate Professional programme and its numbers
representing series of subjects in graduate professional I, II, and III.
C: Represents Certified Procurement and Supply Professional- Tanzania
(CPSP-T) programme and its numbers representing series of subjects
in CPSP I and II.

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 1.8.1 Professional Diploma
The professional Diploma programme has been structured to comprise
core subjects in procurement and supply chain profession and related
supportive subjects to the profession. Skills analysis was perfomed
based on field findings, PSPTB Act and regulations, schemes of
services or job description from public and private sector and global
professional practices for the category of assistant procurement,
supplies, procurement logistics, and asset management assistant. The
obtained duties were further harmonized to get relevant critical skills
that was critically discussed to propose learning areas or subjects bloc
as shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Learning areas for Professional Diploma I and II

STAGE CODE CORE SUBJECTS

D01 Warehouse Operations
Professional D02 Business Communication and Report writing
Diploma I D03 Business Mathematics and Statistics
D04 Information and Communication Technology
D05 Procurement Principles
D06 Inventory Control
D07 Fundamentals of Procurement Contract Management
Professional D08 Principles of Office and Records Management
Diploma II D09 Principles of Assets Management
D10 Tendering Process and Techniques
D11 Entrepreneurship and Commercial Knowledge

1.8.2 Graduate Professional

The Graduate Professional programme has been structured to
comprise core subjects in procurement and supply chain profession
and related supportive subjects to the profession. Skills analysis was
perfomed based on field findings, PSPTB Act and regulations,
schemes of services or job description from public and private sector
and global professional practices for the category of procurement,
supplies, procurement logistics, and asset management officers.

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 The obtained duties were further harmonized to get relevant critical
skills that was critically discussed to propose learning areas or subjects
bloc as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Learning areas for Graduate Professional I, II and III

STAGE SUBJECT SUBJECT NAME

CODE
G01 Procurement Management
G02 Principles of Economics
Graduate Professional I G03 Principles and Practices of Management
G04 Legal Aspects of Procurement
G05 Warehouse Management
G06 Public Procurement Management
G07 Decision Making Techniques
Graduate Professional II G08 Business Ethics and professionalism
G09 Business Consulting Skills
G10 Asset Management
G11 Financial Management
G12 Business Research Methods
G13 Inventory Management
Graduate Professional III
G14 Supply Chain Planning
G15 Essentials of Procurement and Supply
Chain Audit

1.8.3 Certified Procurement and Supply Professional

The Certified Professional programme has been structured to
comprise core subjects in procurement and supply chain management
and related supportive subjects to the profession. Skills analysis was
also perfomed based on situational analysis report, PSPTB Act and
regulations, schemes of services or job description from public and
private sector and global professional practices for the category of
procurement, supplies, procurement logistics, and asset management
senior, principal and Managerial positions. The obtained duties were
further harmonized to get relevant critical skills that was critically
discussed to propose learning areas or subjects as shown in Table 4.

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Table 4: Learning areas for Certified Professional I, II and Research

STAGE SUBJECT SUBJECT NAME

CODE
C01 Fleet and Logistics Management
C02 Consultancy and Entrepreneurship
Certified Procurement C03 Strategic Supply Chain Management
and Supply Professional I C04 Project Management
C05 Business Negotiation
C06 Procurement Contract Management
C07 Managing Supply Chain Risks
Certified Procurement C08 Global Strategic Procurement
and Supply Professional C09 Leadership and Governance
II C10 Strategic Asset Management
C11 Procurement and Supply Chain Audit
C12 Research Paper

1.9 Entry Criteria

The entry qualifications for the proposed programmes: professional diploma,
graduate professional and certified professional accommodated certificates of
exit from college/university and exit qualifications from the Board. Table 5
below analyses the minimum entry qualification required for joining the
proposed programmes.

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Table 5: Minimum Entry Qualifications
STAGE QUALIFICATIONS
a) Basic storekeeping or basic certificate issued by the Board.
b) Certificate (NTA 4) in either procurement and supply
programs, procurement and logistics programs,
procurement and supply management, or transport and
logistic programmes.
Professional c) Ordinary Diploma (NTA6) other than procurement and
Diploma I supply programmes or transport and logistic programs.
d) Certificate of competence for basic certificate in
procurement and supply programs issued by the Board.
e) Any other professional qualifications recognized by the
Board as equivalent to certificate in procurement and supply
programs.
Professional
Professional Diploma I, or Foundation stage I issued by the Board.
Diploma II
(a) Professional Diploma in Procurement and Supply programs
or Procurement and Supplies Management Foundation
Certificate issued by the Board.
(b) Ordinary Diploma (NTA 6) in Procurement and Supply
programs or Procurement and Logistics programs.
(c) Bachelor Degree other than procurement and supply
Graduate
programmes.
Professional I
(d) Certificate of competence in Professional Diploma for
Procurement and Supply programs issued by the Board.
(e) Any other professional qualifications recognized by the
Board as equivalent to Professional Diploma in
procurement and Supply programs
Graduate
Graduate Professional I
Professional II
Graduate
Graduate Professional II
Professional III
(a) Graduate Professional Certificate in Procurement and
Supply management or Professional III issued by the
Board.
(b) Bachelor Degree or (NTA 8) in Procurement and Supply
programs, Procurement and Logistics Management, and
Certified
Procurement and Supply Management.
Professional I
(c) Certificate of competence for Graduate Professional in
Procurement and Supply Management programs issued by
the Board.
(d) Any other professional qualifications recognized by the
Board as equivalent to Graduate Professional Certificate in
procurement and Supply programmes.
Certified
Certified Professional I
Professional II

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1.10 Exemption Criteria
(a) The Board will accept and grant exemptions to holders of qualifications
from other disciplines on none core subjects for curricula bearing five
years at a time of the exemption application from any recognized
institutions.
(b) Candidates holding Master degree or PhD will NOT be required to
conduct research paper, instead they shall be obliged to write
independent professional practice project paper as shall be guided by
the Board. This will be applicable only for candidates who will be
possessing such qualifications during the admision at Certified
Professional level one (CPSPI) examinations.

1.11 Credit transfer and Professional Progression

1.11.1 Credit Transfer

Credit Transfer (CT) has been designed such that all candidates who
previously passed the Board’s examinations or those with a valid
referral status in the outgoing syllabi do not suffer or be penalized
because of coming into effect of this professional curriculum. The
Board may limit the credit transfer to a period of two years following
commencement of the current curriculum so as to allow candidates
with referred subjects to clear them whilst enjoying credits already
obtained earlier in their previous examinations.

In credit transfer, candidates who had previously passed either stage

in the phased out syllabi will qualify to continue to the next level within
the period of five years. This implies that, the valid time for this
curriculum is a maximum of five years. Hence a cleared examination
level shall be valid for only five years before it becomes dormant. After
the years, the candidate will be obliged to start afresh in the respective
examination level.
1.11.2 Professional Progression

Professional progression in this curriculum refers to formal or none

formal academic and professional development opportunities that a
22
 bonafide candidate will benefit. Table 6 below shows Professional and
Academic Progression.

Table 6: Professional and Academic progression

Professional
SN Exit Program Learning progression
Certification
Graduate Professional in
Professional Procurement and Supply
Professional Diploma
Diploma Certificate Management, Bachelor Degree
level II in Procurement
1 in Procurement and or NTA 6 in Procurement and
and Supply
Supply Supply Management programs
Management
Management. or Continuous Professional
Development (CPD).
Certified Procurement and
Graduate
Supply Professional (CPSP) in
Graduate professional Professional
procurement and supply
level III in Procurement Certificate in
2 programmes or any
and supply Procurement and
Postgraduate Diploma or
Management. supply
Continuous Professional
Management.
Development (CPD)
Certified
Certified Procurement Procurement and
and Supply Professional Supply Master Degree programs or
3 level (CPSP II) in Professional Continuous Professional
Procurement and Certificate- Development (CPD).
Supply Management. Tanzania (CPSP-
T).

1.12 Teaching methods and approaches

Teaching methods are general principles, art of teaching and learning process
(Pedagogy) and the management strategies used for class room instruction or
training environment. Teaching approach then refers to the set of principles,
beliefs, ideas and strategies about the nature of teaching and learning
translated into the classroom or training environment practices.

The suggested teaching and learning methods for professional training in this
curriculum include but not limited to:

(i) Peer-tutoring
(ii) Brainstorming
(iii) Case-based scenario training
(iv) Problem-based training
23
 (v) Role play
(vi) Lecturing and discussion
(vii) Apprenticeship, and
(viii) Study visits

Syllabus and training manuals will support the implementation of teaching and
learning approaches that will take place in physical classroom, online and
blended training environment.

In the training practices, relevant teaching and learning aids will be employed
to respective subject matter. Teaching and learning aids will include:

(i) Solicitation documents (tender and proposals) and guidelines issued by

regulators and other competent organs
(ii) Statutes
(iii) Decided cases (precedents)
(iv) Various professional practice circulars
(v) Various reports and tools
(vi) Computers and demo systems for information and technology related
courses, planning tools and documents for related courses (strategic
plan, procurement plan, project plan, business plan etc).

Although, the Board does not directly involve itself in teaching, the accredited
training providers and training institutions that train on behalf of the Board
must ensure quality assurance in teaching delivery and assessment as per
Board’s standards.

1.13 Trainers Qualifications

Training shall be conducted by trainers with higher academic and professional
qualifications than the respective exit qualification of the training and
examination scheme. Learning areas in the procurement and supply
profession shall be taught by trainers with procurement and supply profession
while learning areas in none core subjects will be taught by trainers with
relevent academic and professional qualifications. Table 7 below shows the
minimum trainers’ qualifications requirement.

24
Table 7: Minimum trainers’ qualifications requirement

S/N Learning Blocs Minimum Trainers Qualifications

Holders of Bachelor Degree or graduate
professional and registered at least in graduate
Professional Diploma level I
1 category with minimum working experience of
and II
more than two years or training experience
practices.
CPSP holders and registered in at least
Graduate Professional level approved category with minimum working
2
I, II & III expereince of more than three years or training
experience practices.
Masters Degree and CPSP registered in
Certied Procurement and
authorized category with working experience of
3 Supply Professional level I
more than four years in procuremnt and supply
(CPSPI) and II (CPSPII).
functions or training experience practices.

1.14 Training programme structure and coverage

The training programme has been structured from simple to complex
competence descriptors’ blocs comprising of Professional Diploma, Graduate
Professional and Certified Procurement and Supply Professional. The
training coverage duration is determined by credit hours allotted in each
subject which is the baseline for study scheme notional hours.

1.14.1 Professional Diploma

The notional teaching hours in each subject for Professional Diploma
will bear a minimum of 216 teaching hours before one can attempt an
examination. A total of 1,188 notional hours for Professional Diploma
level I are recommended while a total of 1,476 notional hours are
recommended for Professional Diploma leve II. Therefore, the whole
programme of Professional Diploma Certificate should be covered in
not less than 2,664 notional hours for a maximum of nine months of
training as detailed in Table 8.

25
 Table 8: Scheme of study for Professional Diploma subjects
Scheme of Total Total Total
Subject Study (Hours Notional Notional Notional Total
Subject Name
Code per Week) Hours Hours Hours Credits
(Week) (Month) (9 Month)
L I D AS
PROFESSIONAL DIPLOMA LEVEL I
D01 Warehouse Operations 2 2 2 1 7 28 252 25
Principles of Assets
D02 2 2 2 1 7 28 252
Management 25
Business Mathematics and
D03 2 1 2 1 6 24 216
Statistics 22
Information and
D04 2 1 2 1 6 24 216
Communication Technology 22
D05 Procurement Principles 2 2 2 1 7 28 252 25
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR PROFESSIONAL
DIPLOMA I 1,188 119
PROFESSIONAL DIPLOMA LEVEL II
D06 Inventory Control 2 2 3 1 8 32 288 29
Fundamentals of
D07 Procurement Contract 2 2 2 1 7 28 252
Management 25
Principles of Office and
D08 2 1 2 1 6 24 216
Records Management 22
Business Communication
D09 2 1 2 1 6 24 216
and Report Writing 22
Tendering Process and
D10 2 2 3 1 8 32 288
Techniques 29
Entrepreneurship and
D11 2 1 2 1 6 24 216
Commercial Knowledge 22
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR PROFESSIONAL
1,476 148
DIPLOMA LEVEL II
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR PROFESSIONAL
DIPLOMA 2,664 266
Key : L = Lecture, I = Independent Study, D = Group Discussion and AS =
Assignment

1.14.2 Graduate Professional

The notional teaching hours in each subject for graduate Professional
will bear a minimum of 180 teaching hours before one can attempt an
examination. 1,116 notional hours for Graduate Professional I are
recommended while a total of 1,118 notional hours are recommended
for Graduate Professional II and 1,260 notional hours are
recommended for Graduate Professional III. Therefore, the whole
programme for Graduate Professional certificate should be covered in
not less than 3,564 notional hours for a maximum of nine months of
training as detailed in Table 9.

26
 Table 9 Scheme of study for graduate Professional Subjects
Total
Scheme of Study Total Total
Notional
Subject (Hours per Week) Notional Notional Total
Subject Name Hours
Code Hours Hours Credits
(9
L I C GD AS (Week) (Month)
Month)
GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL LEVEL I
G01 Procurement Management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G02 Principles of Economics 2 1 0 1 1 5 20 180 18
Management Principles and
G03 2 1 0 1 1 5 20 180
practice 18
G04 Legal Aspects of Procurement 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G05 Warehouse Management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL
1116
LEVEL I 112
GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL II
G06 Public Procurement Management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G07 Decision making Techniques 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
Procurement Ethics and
G08 2 1 0 1 1 5 20 180
Professionalism 18
G09 Business Consulting Skills 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G10 Asset Management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL
1188
LEVEL II 119
GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL LEVEL III
G11 Financial Management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G12 Business Research Methods 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G13 Inventory Management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
G14 Assets management 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252 25
Essentials of Procurement and
G15 3 1 1 1 1 7 28 252
Supply Audit. 25
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL
1260
LEVEL III 126
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR PROFESSIONAL DIPLOMA 3564 356
Key : C= Case Study, GD = Group Discussion, L = Lecture, I = Independent
Study, and AS = Assignment

1.14.3 Certified Procurement and Supply Professional

The notional teaching hours in each subject for Certified Procurement
and Supply Professional will bear a minimum of 288 teaching hours
before one can attempt an examination. A total of 1,872 notional hours
for CPSP I are recommended while a total of 2,016 notional hours are
recommended for CPSP II including research paper. Therefore, the
whole programme for a CPSP certificate should be covered in not less
than 3,348 notional hours for a maximum of nine months of training as
detailed in Table 10.
27
 Table 10: Scheme of study for Certified Procurement and Supply Professional

Scheme of Study Total Total

Total
Subject (Hours per Week) Notional Notional Total
Subject Name Notional
Code Hours Hours Credits
Hours
L I C GD AS (Week) (Month)
(9 Month)
CPSP LEVEL I
C01 Fleet and Logistics Management 4 1 1 1 1 8 32 288 29
Consultancy and
C02 4 1 1 1 1 8 32 288
Entrepreneurship 29
Strategic Supply Chain
C03 4 1 2 1 1 9 36 324
Management 32
C04 Project Management 4 1 2 1 1 9 36 324 32
C05 Business Negotiation 4 1 2 1 1 9 36 324 32
Procurement Contract
C06 4 1 2 1 1 9 36 324
Management 32
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR CPSP LEVEL I 1,872 187
CPSP LEVEL II
C07 Managing Supply Chain Risks 4 1 1 1 1 8 32 288 29
C08 Global Strategic Procurement 4 1 1 1 1 8 32 288 29
C09 Leadership and Governance 4 1 1 1 1 8 32 288 29
C10 Strategic Asset Management 4 1 1 1 1 8 32 288 29
Procurement and Supply Chain
C11 4 1 2 1 1 9 36 324
Audit 32
C12 Research Paper 0 15 0 0 0 15 60 540 54
TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR CPSP LEVEL II 2,016 202

TOTAL CREDIT HOURS FOR CPSP 3,888 389

Key : C= Case Study, D = Group Discussion, L = Lecture, I = Independent Study

and AS = Assignment

1.15 Assessment and examination timing

The assessment and examination scheme in the three learning blocs
structure has been designed so that they make an accumulation of
professional knowledge and competences. The subjects contained in each
level form a progression of knowledge and skills that help the pursuit of
procurement and supply functions for routine and non routine tasks. The
Board’s examinations will be conducted as part of summative assessment to
evaluate professional trainings conducted by the Board itself or by training
institutions based on this curriculum and professional practices. The
examinations will be conducted on the basis of competence based

28
assessment that measures candidates’ competence against a standard
performance.

Professional examinations put the focus on learning outcomes to constantly

improve academic and professional practices in order to meet the labour
market demands. Boards’ examinations entail, therefore, both written
examinations and oral examinations as shall be prescribed in the syllabi.

1.15.1 Written Examinations

The examination will be conducted on the basis of competence based
assessment. Any candidate seeking admission to any examination
scheme shall make an application in the prescribed examination
registration format within such period as may be prescribed by the
Board. The examination and curriculum sections on behalf of the
Executive Director shall have power to accept or reject any
examination application if considers in appropriate with regard to
criteria set in this curriculum and on such terms as may be prescribed
in the examination regulations and the syllabi.

Examinations will be set and moderated in accordance with the syllabi

and examination preparation guidelines in line with examination quality
assurance guidelines or assessment plan as may be prescribed by the
Board. A candidate is deemed as having passed the examination
scheme if such candidate has passed all subjects examined in the
respective examination level. A candidate shall be referred on the
failed subject(s) for a maximum of two years since the first sitting of
the subject in the examination level. In case he/she fails to clear the
failed subjects within prescribed period, the candidate will be required
to start a fresh the whole examination level.

A candidate will be allowed to attempt any subject of a given

examination level and combine with some subjects in the preceeding
examination level but not exceeding six subjects which are considered
to be a maximum weighted avarage in this curriculum. Acertificate will

29
 be awarded to a candidate upon passing all subjects required in the
examination scheme.

1.15.2 Research Examination

Candidates are required to submit a research report within two years
after successful completion of CPSP examination scheme. The paper
should focus in any topic based on procurement and supply chain
management programs as shall be guided in the comprehensive
research methodology training workshop.

The research examination process will consist of formative assessment

based on research proposal that will be graded after presentation
either physical or online and passed above average score prior to field
research and report writing. Also, research reports will be subjected to
external marking to determine research candidates’ performance as a
passmark pre-requisite to summative assessment.

Summative assessment in research report will be conducted based on

oral research defense examinations that will be presented via phsical
or online modes with which successfull candidates shall be considered
to have passed the research report examination. This process will be
guided in the professional syllabus and Training research guidelines
issued by the Board.

1.16 Grading System

Grading system is the measure of candidates’ achievement and performance
of established learning objectives and outcomes. Grading system in this
curriculum involves percentage grading from 0 to 100 percentage using
common scale as Pass (P) or Fail (F). The score will be awarded out of 100
percent. The marks obtained from different assessment components will be
graded and classified as indicated in Table 11.

30
Table 11: Grading system
SN Range of Marks Grade Clasification Grade Points
1 80 -100 A Excellent 5
2 60 – 79 B Credit 4
3 40 – 59 C Average 3
4 00 – 39 F Fail 0
Grading system in this curriculum focus on summative assessment for
Boards’ examinations in Professional Diploma, Graduate Professional and
CPSP learning blocs that will be stated on either Pass or Fail basis. The
classification components for distinction, credit, pass and fail will be used as
general education system as the need arises from the graduates similar to
GPA computation.

Based on the professional examinations, scores for grades A to C will be

regarded as pass grade meanwhile ‘’F’’ score grade will be considered as fail.

1.17 Grade Point Average (GPA) Computation

When the need arises from stakeholders for Board’s graduates, the GPA will
be computed as follows:

(a) A cumulative Grade Point Average (cum GPA) computation

Grade Point Average for each candidate shall be computed by dividing
the total number of grade points earned for all subjects by the total
number of credits for the award examined.

Sum of ( PxN )
Cumlative GPA =
Sum of N

Where P represents a grade point assigned to a letter grade scored by

the candidate in a particular subject and N represents the number of
credits associated with the subject.

(b) Approximation of Grade Point Average (GPA)

The Grade Point Average (GPA) shall be computed and shortened to
single decimal point.

31
1.18 Examination results and publication

Provisional results for the examinations may be communicated to the

candidates after they have been declared by technical committee for
Examination and Certification that will be constituted from competent
educational authorities as advisory committee whilst the final results being
approved by the Board of Directors. Statements of results bearing the grades
score in each subject shall be sent directly to the candidate.

1.19 Certification and award

Upon succesful completion of examination scheme at exit level, the candidate

shall be issued/awarded with a ceritificate of accomplishment of the
programme undertaken.

The certificates to be issued are:

(i) Professional Diploma Certificate in Procurement and Supply

Management,
(ii) Graduate Professional Certificate in Procurement and Supply
Management, and;
(iii) Certified Procurement and Supply Professional Cerificate - Tanzania
(CPSP-T) in Procurement and Supply Management.

Prior to issuance of certificates, succesful candidates shall apply and collect

their transcripts which will be showing their cummulative status of
performance within a period of five years after succesful completion of the
programme. The Certificates shall be issued once, and incase of any loss,
the Board will issue the duplicate certificate as will be guided in the syllabi.

SECTION TWO - CURRICULUM DETAILS ON LEARNING AREAS

Learning areas entails subject content in levels predetermined by specific objectives

and learning outcomes. The contents are structured based on topics, sub topics and
related tasks.

32
2.1 Learning Areas for Professional Diploma I

Subject Name: Warehouse Operations

Subject Code: D01

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge on the basics of warehouse operations.
(b) To examine in depth principles, techniques, and methods involved in efficient warehouse operations.
(c) To enable learners to apply appropriate warehouse principles and techniques for effective warehouse operations in the
organization.
Subject learning outcome: Apply warehouse operation skills and knowledge in organization.
Table 12: Learning Areas Matrix for Warehouse Operations
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe various concepts of warehouse Warehouse
warehouse warehouse warehouse operations. operations is
operation skills operations operations (b) Determine the objective of Warehouse clearly
and knowledge (c) Explain the types of warehouses. introduced in the
in organization (d) Identify the functions of a warehouse. organization.
(e) Describe the importance of warehouse in
organizations.

1.1.2 Principles of (a) Describe the basic principles of warehouse.

warehouse (b) Explain principles of warehouse operations
(c) Apply warehouse principles in business
operations.
33
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.2 Organization of 1.2.1 Warehouse (a) Describe various concepts of warehouse Warehouse
Warehouse layout layout. structures are
structures (b) Describe the types of warehouse layout. properly
(c) Describe the principles of warehouse layout organized in
design. organizations.
(d) Explain the importance of warehouse layout.

1.2.2 Materials (a) Describe various concepts of materials Warehouse

Arrangements arrangements. materials are
(b) Identify and classify materials in the properly
warehouse. arranged.
(c) Explain the importance of materials
arrangements
(d) Explain the stock location system.
(e) Discuss the Challenges and mitigation
strategies of stock location in warehouse.

1.3 Warehouse 1.3.1 Warehouse (a) Describe the concept of warehouse

functions and Receiving receiving
automation (b) Explain the functions of warehouse Warehouse
receiving functions are
(c) Describe warehouse-receiving process. properly
(d) Explain the procedures of inspection and addressed in
Undertakings Checking of Items. organizations.
(e) Explain the challenges and mitigation
strategies of receiving function.

34
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.3.2 Storage in (a) Describe various concepts of storage.
Warehousin (b) Explain the principles to consider in storage
g of materials.
(c) Describe storage methods and systems in
warehouse.
(d) Determine warehouse operation tools and
equipment.
1.3.3 Issuing and (a) Explain the concepts of issuing and loading.
loading (b) Identify the procedures for issuing and
procedures loading.
(c) Identify issuing documents used in the
warehouse.
(d) Describe practices in loading materials.
1.3.4 Warehouse (a) Describe various concepts related to
security and warehouse security and safety.
safety (b) Identity various hazards in warehouse.
measures (c) Describe safety measures in warehouse.
(d) Demonstrate the use of safety instructions
and signs in warehouse.
(e) Identify fire precautions in warehouse.
(f) Identify security measures in the warehouse.
1.3.5 stocktaking (a) Describe concepts of stocktaking and stock
and verification verification.
(b) Differentiate stock verification from
stocktaking.
(c) Identify types of stocktaking and stock
verification.
(d) Explain the purpose of stocktaking and
35
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
verification.
(e) Describe procedures of conducting
stocktaking
(f) Discuss types of discrepancies, their
causes, and control measures.
1.3.6 Warehouse a) Describe the concepts of warehouse
automation automations
b) Describe the categories of warehouse
automation.
c) Explain the importance of warehouse
automation.
d) Describe the challenges in warehouse
automation.
e) Apply modern ICT tools in warehouse
functions
1.4 Warehouse 1.4.1 Warehouse (a) Describe the concept of warehouse Warehouse
records and documentation documentation documentation
Documentation (b) Identify documents in warehouse are properly
(c) Explain documents involved in warehouse. described in
(d) Explain the importance of documentation in organization.
warehouse
1.4.2 Warehouse (a) Describe the concepts of warehouse
records records.
(b) Identify the types of warehouse records
(c) Explain the reasons for maintaining
warehouse records

36
 REFERENCES
David E. Mulcahy (2007). Eaches or Pieces Order Fulfillment, Design, and
Operations Handbook. New York
David E. Mulcahy and Joachim Sydow (2013). Supply Chain Logistics Program for
Warehouse Management 1st Edition:Imprint Auebach Publications. New
York.
Gong, Y. (2009, September 3). Stochastic Modelling and Analysis of Warehouse
Operations (No. EPS-2009-180-LIS). ERIM Ph.D. Series Research in
Management. Erasmus Research Institute of Management.

Jeroen, P. (2007). Integral warehouse management. The Netherlands: Lulu.com

publisher.
Murray, M. (2007). SAP Warehouse Management. London: SAP Press publisher.
Richards, G. (2011). Warehouse management: a complete guide to improving
efficiency. New York: Kogan Page Publisher:
Saxena, J. (2009). Warehouse Management and Inventory Control. New Delhi:
Vikas Publishing House.

37
Subject Name: Business Communication and Report Writing

Subject Code: D02

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with essential knowledge and skills of business communication and report writing.
(b) To enable learners to apply basic communication skills in procurement and supply functions.
(c) To enable learners to apply appropriate business communication principles and report writing techniques for effective
communication in the organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply basics of business communication and report writing in execution of business operations.
Table 20: Learning Areas Matrix for Business communication and report writing

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1 1.0 Apply 1.1 Business 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe various concepts of Business
business communication business business communication communication
communication communication (b) Explain the principles of skills in business
skills in business communication undertakings are
undertakings (c) Describe the elements of applied.
communication cycle
(d) Explain the factors that
promote effective
communication
(e) Describe the barrier to
effective communication
(f) Describe ways to solve
barriers to effective
communication
38
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Grammar (a) Apply the use of articles
(b) Identify active and passive
voice
(c) Describe the use of Direct
and indirect speech
(d) Apply Parts of speech in
constructing sentences
(e) Apply tenses in constructing
sentences
(f) Apply Phrases and clauses
in constructing sentences
1.1.3 Basic (a) Describe the concepts of
Communication tools basic communication tools
(b) Identify and explain basic
communication tools
(c) Apply basic communication
tools (letter, memo, press
release, e-mail etc)
2 2.0 Explain 2.1 2.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concept of Various concepts
various concepts Introduction to report writing. report writing of report writing
of report writing in report writing (b) Identify and distinguish are explained as
executing various types of reports used in executing
business activities. (c) Describe the formal and business
informal reports activities.
(d) Describe the advantages of
reports
(e) Describe pre-requisites to
report writing

39
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
2.1.2 Report writing (a) Describe the concept of
process report writing process
(b) Identify and describe basic
steps in report writing
process
(c) Describe the features of an
effective report
(d) Describe the challenges of
writing reports
3 3.0 Apply 3.1. 3.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the term information fundamental
fundamental Information information sources (b) Explain the nature of information-
information- sources information for report writing gathering skills to
gathering skills to (c) Identify and describe the create business
create business sources of information for reports are
reports. report writing applied
(d) Describe the qualities of good
information
(e) Describe the methods of
obtaining information for
writing business reports
(f) Collect the relevant information
for writing business reports
(g) Describe the advantages and
limitations of methods of
obtaining information

40
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
3.1.2 Credibility of (a) Describe the concept of
information sources credibility of information
source
(b) Explain the ways to identify
credibility of information
sources
(c) Identify the features of
credible sources of
information
(d) Determine the credibility of
information sources
4 4.0 Apply 4.1 Business 4.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concept of business report
business report report writing business report writing business report writing writing skills in
writing skills in (b) Discuss contents of business business
business report undertakings are
undertakings (c) Explain the purposes of a applied.
business report
(d) Identify the users of business
reports
(e) Describe the matters to
report
(f) Describe various templates
of a report
(g) Describe the organization of
a business report (language,
editing, etc.)
(h) Prepare a business report.

41
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.2 Report (a) Describe the concept of
presentation report presentation
(b) Identify various techniques of
report presentation (e.g.
tables, figures, charts, ppt
etc)
(c) Identify circumstances under
which each of the described
technique is used

42
 REFERENCES

Davidson, W. (2015). Business Writing Paperback (3rd Edition). Griffin.

Derek, S. (2021). Learn How to Write a Business Report: Step-by-Step Guide for Easy
Writing of Business Report Paperback. Independently published.
Greenhall, M. (2010). Report Writing Skills Training Course. How to Write a Report and
Executive Summary, and Plan, Design and Present Your Report. An Easy
Format for Writing Paperback (2nd Edition). Universe of Learning Ltd.
MacRae, P. (2019). Business and Professional Writing: A Basic Guide (2nd edition).
Broadview Press.
Maxwell, C. (2020). Steps to Better Writing: How to write better reports, proposals,
email, blogs, and web content Paperback. Independently published.
Read, R. & Ginn, M. L. (2010). Records Management (Advanced Office Systems &
Procedures) (9th Edition). Cengage Learning
Read, R. & Ginn, M. L. (2015). Records Management. Delmar Cengage Learning.
Riordan, D. (2013). Technical Report Writing Today (10th Edition). Cengage Learning.
Saffady, W. (2021). Records and information management: fundamentals of
professional practice. Rowman & Littlefield: Maryland.
Smallwood, R. F. (2013). Managing electronic records: Methods, best practices, and
technologies. John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey.
URT. (2005). Code of Ethics and Conduct for Public Service: Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT. (2005). The Occupational Safety and Health Act. Government Printer: Dar es
Salaam.

43
Subject Name: Business Mathematics and Statistics

Subject Code: D03

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with mathematical knowledge necessary in solving business problems.
(b) To equip learners with statistical knowledge required in solving business problems.
(c) To enable learners to apply mathematical and statistical skills in supply chain management perspective.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Mathematics and Statistics Techniques in business decision making.

Table 14: Learning areas Matrix for Business Mathematics and Statistics

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Mathematical (a) Describe the concept of Mathematics are
mathematics in business operations basic mathematical applied in business
business decision mathematics operations decision making.
making (b) Solve problems related to
fractions
(c) Compute equations with two
unknowns
(d) Describe laws governing
indices, logarithms, and
their relationship
(e) Apply laws of indices and
logarithms to solve various
mathematical problems
relating to indices and
44
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
logarithms
(f) Compute problems relating to
arithmetic and geometrical
progressions

1.1.2 Ratios, (a) Describe ratios, proportions

proportions and and percentages
percentages (b) Convert ratios into any given
value in percentage and
percentage to decimals
(c) Use ratio, percentages and
proportion to solve business
problems
1.1.3 Linear (a) Describe linear equations
equations and its concepts
applications (b) Derive linear equations of the
straight line
(c) Use linear equations in real life
1.2 Matrices 1.2.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concepts of
Matrices matrices
(b) Explain different types of
matrices
(c) Discuss the significance of
matrices in business decision
making

1.2.2 Matrices in (a) Solve matrices by addition,

business operations subtraction and multiplications

45
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(b) Transpose matrices
(c) Describe the matrix inversion
concepts (main and leading
diagonals)
(d) Compute the determinant of
matrices
(e) Use matrices in business
operations (crammer’s rule to
solve simultaneous equitation
of 2 x 2, inverse of a matrix,
determinants of a square
matrix)
2.1 Mathematics of 2.1.1 Simple and (a) Describe the concepts of
Finance compound interest simple and compound interest,
(b) Explain the difference between
simple and compound interest,
(c) Compute simple and
compound interest.
2.1.2 Annuity, (a) Describe the concepts annuity,
sinking fund, sinking fund, amortization and
amortization and depreciation
depreciation (b) Calculate present and future
value of annuity
(c) Prepare loan amortization
schedule
(d) Calculate depreciation.
2.0 Apply statistics 2.1 Fundamentals 2.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concepts of Statistics are applied
in business of business Business Statistics business statistics in business decision
decision making statistics (b) Explain types of statistical data making
(c) Identify the sources of data
46
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Differentiate between
descriptive and inferential
statistics
(e) Distinguish discrete from
continuous data
(f) Explain the role of business
statistics
2.1.2 Data Collection (a) Explain different sources of
methods and data
presentation (b) Identify and explain data
collection methods
(c) Identify and explain data
analysis methods
(d) Identify and explain data
presentation methods
2.1.3 Statistical (a) Describe the measures of
Measures central tendency
(b) Calculate the mean, median
and mode for both ungrouped
and grouped data.
(c) Explain the relationship among
mean, mode and median,
(d) Calculate range, mean
deviation and standard
deviation

47
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
3.1 Introduction to 3.1.1 Elements of (a) Describe the probability
probability Probability concepts
(b) Explain the basic rules of
probability
(c) Use Venn diagram in
probability calculation
(d) Compute the sample space of
a small experiment, such as
three tosses of a fair coin
3.1.2 Probability of (a) Describe the concept
an Event probability of an event
(b) Explain the difference between
mutually exclusive events and
independent events
(c) Calculate the probability of an
event

48
 REFERENCES
Berenson Levine, Krehbiel Stephan, O’brien, Jayne Watson (2013). Business
Mathematics. Third Edition, Published by Pearson. Australia
Croucher, J.S. (2010), Introductory Mathematics and Statistics: Mc Graw Hill, Australia
Divyansh Choudhary (2021): First edition. Bengaluru : Laxmi Publications Pvt Ltd.
eBook., Database: eBook Business Collection.
Gerard O’Regan (2022). A guide to Business Mathematics, 1st Edition
Gupta S.C, Kapoor (2020). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 12th Edition. Vikas
Publishing House – India
Kotecha, Meena (2012), New Patterns in learning and Teaching Mathematics and
Statistics. The Higher Education Academy, New York.
Srinivasa G, Deepa G, (2008).Business Mathematics and Statistics. New Age
International (P) Limited.

49
Subject Name: Information and Communication Technology

Subject Code: D04

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of information and communication technology.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of computer application and security system,
(c) To enable learners apply information and communication technology in procurement and supply chain management.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply information and communication technology (ICT) in execution of business operations.

Table 15: Learning areas Matrix for Information and Communication Technology

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 Introduction a) Describe basic concepts of ICT Information and
1.1.1 Basics of
Information to Information b) Differentiate between Data and communication
Information and
and and information technology are
communication
Communicatio Communication c) Explain the role of ICT in business properly introduced
technology
ns Technology Technology operations in procurement and
in procurement (ICT) a) Describe concepts of computer supply function.
and supply systems
functions b) Explain evolution of computer
1.1.2 Introduction to c) Explain categories of Computers
computer system d) Identify and describe components of
computer system
e) Explain characteristics of computer
f) Describe types and functions of
computer system
1.1.3 Computer (a) Describe application of computer in
application in business operations
50
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
business (b) Explain the merits and demerits of
operations computer application in business
operations
(c) Determine the factors affecting
computer application in business
operation
1.2 Computer (a) Describe computer files Computer file
file (b) Explain the importance of computer file management skills
management management is applied
1.2.1 Basics of
(c) Describe the procedures for creation
computer file
and naming of file in computer
management
(d) Create computer file,
(e) Determine the uses of files in
computer
(a) Describe computer folders
(b) Explain the procedures for computer
folders creation and naming
1.2.2 Essentials of (c) Create a folder in a computer
computer (d) Explain and apply computer folder
folder operations – copying, pasting, cutting,
management dragging, dropping, arrangement and
organization of files and folders etc
(e) Determine the uses of folders in
computer application
1.2.3 File security (a) Describe the concepts of file security
system to system.
support (b) Describe the procedures for creation of
information file passwords
and (c) Create password for protection of files
communicatio in computer,
51
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
n technology (d) Describe hiding and unhiding of files
and folders in a computer
1.3. Office (a) Describe the interface of word Office application
application application program (MS word, word programs are
programmes for Mac) properly operated in
(b) Perform different operations within business.
word processing application
1.3.1 Word
(c) Create and save word documents in a
processing
media,
(d) Apply various formatting operations in
word documents,
(e) Print the word document using printing
mechanism
(a) Illustrate Worksheet interface
(b) create and save workbook in various
media,
(c) Perform various operations within
Spreadsheets program
1.3.1 Spreadsheets
(d) Sort and filter data
programme
(e) Apply various formatting operations
within spreadsheet,
(f)Identify and apply various excel Formula
(g) Print the worksheets using printing
mechanisms
(a) Create and save PowerPoint
presentations
1.3.2 Presentation (b) Perform various operations with
programmes presentation programmes
(c) Apply various formatting operations in
PowerPoint presentation
52
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Deliver presentation
(e) Print the slides using printing
mechanisms
1.4 Internet (a) Describe computer network concepts Internet and emails
and emails (Client, Server, topology, etc.) are clearly
(b) Outline essentials of computer described in
networks computer
(c) Explain the importance of computer application
network
(d) Define different Internet terminologies
(IP address, www, domain name,
1.4.1 Internet
browser, bookmark, uniform resource,
cloud computing, locator and
downloading an uploading, internet
and intranet)
(e) Search for various information using
internet
(f)Explain the importance of internet in
business operations
(a) Describe various concepts related to
e-mails;
(b) Explain types of email (personal and
1.4.2 E-mails
business)
(c) Describe parts of an email,
(d) Explain and perform e-mail operations
1.5 Computer (a) Describe various concepts of computer Computer crimes
crimes crimes are clearly
1.5.1 Forms of
(b) Analyze various types of computer identified.
computers crimes
crimes
(c) Explain evolution of cybercrimes
53
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Discuss merits and demerits of
computer crimes
(a) Describe ways of preventing computer
crimes
1.5.2 Ways of
(b) Discuss legal and institutional
preventing computer
frameworks governing cybercrimes
crimes
(c) Discuss challenges affecting
prevention of computer crimes
(a) Define e-procurement Computer
(b) Describe tools and techniques in e- application is
procurement e.g., TANePS; properly described
1.6.1 Introduction to (c) Describe e-procurement process in procurement
e-procurement (d) Identify various types of electronic functions.
1.6 Computer payments
application in (e) Discuss challenges facing e-
procurement procurement operations
functions (a) Explain the uses of computer in
receiving of stock
1.6.2. Maintenance (b) Explain the uses of computer in
of stock catalogue issuing of stock
(c) Discuss challenges facing
maintenance of stock catalogue

54
 REFERENCES
Apple, L., Dadina, P., Dwyer, M., Hampton, K., Kitzie, V., Matni, Z., Moore, P. and
Teodoro, R. (2014) ‘Testing the validity of social capital measures in the study
of information and communication technologies’, Information, Communication
and Society, 17(4), 398-416.
Bergman, S. (1994) ‘Communication Technology in the Household: The Gendering of
Artefacts and Practices’, in Frissen, V. (Ed.) Gender, ITCs and Everyday Life:
Mutual Shaping Processes, COSTA4, Brussels, pp.135-153.
Collection. ISSN 2308-4804.. 2020. No 5 (81). Vol. II. Registration Certificate: ПИ No
ФС 77 – 53534.
Dutta, Subrata Kumar, (2013). Science and world. New Delhi: Daya Publishing House.
Database: eBook Business
Emmanuel, K. A.. (2012). Introduction to Basic Information and Communication
Technology (ICT): Basic ICT Paperback. LAP Lambert Academic
Publishing.
Hamel, Jean-Yves (2009): Information and Communication Technologies and Migration.
Published in: Human Development Research Paper (HDRP) Series , Vol. 39.
Mbugua, J. (2018). Basic ICT & MS Office 2010. ASIN: B0791KHDX1.
Osadiya, T. (2012). An Introduction to Information & Communication Technology.
Philip Loubere (2021). A History of Communication Technology. ISBN 9780367211509
Routledge .
Rae, E. (2012). Information Technology and Computer Applications in Business ( 3rd
edition) .Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Soffer, P and Proper, E. (2011). Information Systems Evolution: Case forum 2010.
London: Springer publisher.

55
Subject Name: Procurement Principles

Subject Code: D05

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on the principles of procurement.
(b) To examine in depth principles, techniques, and methods involved in effective execution of procurement functions.
(c) To enable learners apply appropriate principles of procurement for effective execution of procurement functions in an
organization.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply principles of procurement in organizations

Table 16: Learning areas Matrix for Procurement Principles

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe various concepts of Introduction to
procurement Introduction to of procurement procurement. Procurement
principles in procurement (b) Differentiate between public and Principles is clearly
execution of principles private procurement described
procurement (c) Identify categories of procurement
operations (d) Explain the importance of procurement
(e) Explain procurement objectives

56
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Basic (a) Describe various principles of
principles of procurement
procurement (b) Discuss the classified principles of
procurement.
(c) Narrate the ethical issues in
procurement

1.2 1.2.1 (a) Describe the concept of procurement Procurement

Procurement Procurement cycle procedures are
procedures cycle (b) Identify key players involved in the properly described in
procurement cycle procurement
(c) Discuss the roles of key players in operations.
procurement cycle
1.2.2 (a) Describe various concepts of
Procurement procurement documentation
documentation (b) Categorize the documents used in
procurement procedures
(c) Administer procurement documents
1.3 1.3.1 (a) Describe various methods of Procurement
Procurement Procurement procurement methods approaches and
approaches methods and its (b) Explain the factors for consideration in methods are properly
and methods conditions for use the choice of a procurement methods applied in
(c) Discuss the procurement methods and procurement
their applicability operations
1.3.2 (a) Describe various procurement
Procurement approaches
approaches (b) Discuss the procurement approaches
in procurement functions
(c) Differentiate between procurement

57
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
approaches and procurement methods

1.4 Electronic 1.4.1 Introduction (a) Describe e-procurement concepts

procurement to e- procurement (b) Explain the importance of e-
procurement
(c) Discuss the evolution and
implementation of electronic
procurement in Tanzania
(d) Explain the challenges for
implementation of e-procurement
(e) Classify the drivers of e-procurement Electronic
(f)Describe enabling tools for e- Procurement is
procurement implementation properly applied in
1.4.3 Electronic (a) Describe the concept of e-procurement procurement
procurement cycle cycle operations
(b) Explain the e-procurement cycle as
used in public and private procurement
(c) Determine the procedures for handling
e-payments and e-transactions
(d) Explain various mechanisms for
protection of online transactions
1.5.4 Legal (a) Describe the concept of legal aspect of Electronic
aspects of e- e-procurement Procurement is
procurement (b) Classify legal aspects of e- properly applied in
procurement operations procurement
(c) Explain the classified legal aspects of operations
e-procurement operations

58
 REFERENCES

Baily P. (2010). Procurement, Principles and Management (10th Edition). New York:
Pearson Education.
Booth, C. (2010). Strategic Procurement: Organizing suppliers and supply chains for
competitive advantage. London: Kogan Page Limited.
Chopra, S. and Meindly, P. (2012). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and
Operations. New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited.
Erridge, A, Fee, R and Mcllroy, J. (2009). Best Practice Procurement; Public and Private
sector perspective. Hampshire: Gower Publishing Limited.
Lysons, K. and Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain Management,
London: Pearson Education Limited.
Monczka, R and Handfield, R. (2015). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management.
Boston: Cengage Learning.
Thai, K.V. (2008). International Handbook of Procurement. Washington: CRC Press.
URT (2013). Public Procurement Regulations GN 466 of 2013. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT (2016). Public Procurement (Amendments) Act of 2016. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT (2016). Public Procurement Regulations Amendments GN 333 of 2016. Dar es
Salaam: Government Printer.
URT. (2011). Public Procurement Act No. 7 of 2011. Dar es Salaam: Government
Printer.
Walker, D. and Rowlinson, S. (2008). Procurement system; A cross Industry
perspective. New York: Taylor & Francis.

59
 2.2 Learning Areas for Professional Diploma Two
Subject Name: Inventory Control

Subject Code: D06

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of inventory control in business operations.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on the application of inventory software in inventory management.
(c) To enable learners apply appropriate principles and techniques for effective inventory control in the organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply basic principles of inventory control in business operations.
Table 17: Learning Areas Matrix for Inventory Control

SPECIFIC LEARNING ASSESSMENT

TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
OUTCOMES CRITERIA
1.0 Describe the 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the inventory and inventory Concepts of
concepts of inventory Inventory control inventory control inventory control
control as applied in control (b) Outline the classification of inventory as applied in
business operations (c) Explain the objectives for keeping business
inventory operations are
(d) Explain the importance of keeping described.
inventory
(e) Explain the concept of balancing
conflicting goals in inventory control
(f) Explain the steps involved in inventory
control
1.1.2 Role of (a) Explain objectives of inventory control
inventory (b) Explain the importance of inventory
control control
(c) Describe the factors affecting inventory
control

60
SPECIFIC LEARNING ASSESSMENT
TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
OUTCOMES CRITERIA
1.1.3 Inventory (a) Describe the concept of inventory
control control techniques
techniques (b) Explain the types of inventory control
techniques
(c) Describe the procedures for various
inventory control techniques
(d) Identify the inventory costs
(e) Determine the inventory levels
(f) Compute EOQ, ABC analysis, VEN etc.
(g) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of various inventory
control techniques
2.0 Apply inventory 2.1 Inventory 2.1.1 (a) Describe the inventory ordering system Inventory
ordering systems in ordering systems Introduction to (b) Describe the process of ordering for ordering systems
business operations inventory inventories in business
ordering (c) Explain the basic types of inventory operations are
systems ordering systems applied.
(d) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of inventory ordering
systems
2.1.2 Selection (a) Explain the available ordering systems
and choice of for both manufacturing and service
inventory organizations
ordering (b) Describe the factors affecting the
systems selection and choice of inventory
ordering systems
(c) Explain the importance of selection and
choice of inventory ordering systems
3.0 Apply inventory 3.1 Inventory 3.1.1 (a) Describe the inventory control Inventory control
control techniques in control techniques Introduction to techniques techniques in

61
SPECIFIC LEARNING ASSESSMENT
TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
OUTCOMES CRITERIA
business operations inventory (b) Explain the types of inventory control business
control techniques operations are
techniques (c) Explain the advantages and applied
disadvantages of various inventory
control techniques
4.0 Apply inventory 4.1 Accounting for 4.1.1 (a) Describe the concept of inventory Inventory
accounting techniques inventory Introduction to accounting accounting
in controlling stock (b) Explain the procedures involved when techniques in
inventories of an accounting accounting for inventories controlling
organization (c) Describe the reasons for inventory inventories of an
accounting. organization is
(d) Describe a stock account applied
(e) Explain the importance of a stock
account
(f) Prepare a stock account
4.1.2 Methods (a) Describe various methods of inventory
of inventory accounting
accounting (b) Identify the conditions for using each
method of inventory accounting
(c) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of inventory accounting
methods
(d) Compute various methods of inventory
accounting
5.0 Apply stocktaking 5.1 Stock taking 5.1.1 An (a) Describe stocktaking and verification Stocktaking and
and verification in and verification overview of (b) Describe the purpose and types of verification in
inventory control stocktaking and stocktaking and verification inventory control
verification (c) Explain the methods of stocktaking and are applied
verification
(d) Describe stocktaking and verification
procedures
62
SPECIFIC LEARNING ASSESSMENT
TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
OUTCOMES CRITERIA
(e) Explain appointment of stocktaking
team and their responsibilities
(f) Explain treatment of discrepancies during,
after stocktaking and verification of
stocks
(g) Explain the challenges involved in
stocktaking and verification
5.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of documentation
Stocktaking and in stocktaking and verification
verification (b) Describe various documents involved in
Documentation stocktaking and verification
(c) Explain the importance of stocktaking
and verification documentation
(d) Prepare stocktaking and verification
documents
5.1.3 (a) Describe the concept of stock disposal
Introduction to (b) Explain the causes stock disposal
stock disposal (c) Discuss the methods of stock disposal
6.0 Apply ICTs in 6.1 ICT in Inventory 6.1.1 (a) Describe the concept of ICT in inventory ICTs in inventory
inventory control control Introduction to control control are
ICTs in (b) Differentiate the manual from electronic applied
inventory system and their interface in relation with
control inventory control
(c) Explain the reasons for application of
ICTs in inventory control
(d) Explain the requirements for effective
application of ICTs in inventory control;
and
(e) Describe ICT devices used in inventory
control
(f) Explain the challenges of applying ICTs in
63
SPECIFIC LEARNING ASSESSMENT
TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
OUTCOMES CRITERIA
inventory control

6.1.2 Inventory (a) Describe various concepts of inventory

control software control software
(b) Describe various application software in
inventory control
(c) Apply various application software in
inventory control
(d) Explain the factors for selection of
suitable software for inventory control
(e) Explain the security consideration in
application of ICT in inventory control

64
 REFERENCES
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

Bragg, S. M. (2011). Inventory Best Practices (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Johnson, F., Leenders, M. R., & Flynn, A. E. (2021). Purchasing and supply
management. (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain Management (9th
ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

Okeke, O. C., Okere, W., Dafyak, C. F., & Abiahu, M. F. C. (2022). Inventory
management and financial sustainability: insight from quoted manufacturing firms
in Nigeria. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 14(1),
84-97.

Preil, D., & Krapp, M. (2022). Artificial intelligence-based inventory management: a

Monte Carlo tree search approach. Annals of Operations Research, 308 (1), 415-
439.

Stevenson W. J. (2021). Operations management (14th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-
Hill Education

van der Walt, A., & Bean, W. L. (2022). Inventory management for the in-flight catering
industry: A case of uncertain demand and product substitutability. Computers &
Industrial Engineering, 107914.

65
 Subject Name: Fundamentals of Procurement Contract Management

Subject Code: D07

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with basic knowledge and skills of Procurement contract management,
(b) To equip leaners with basic knowledge and skills in effective administration of procurement contract,
(c) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques and practices of contract management for effective execution of procurement
contract management in an organization
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply principles of procurement contract management in executing business operations.
Table 18: Learning Areas Matrix for Fundamentals of Procurement Contract Management

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Explain various 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of a contract Various concepts of
concepts of contract contract contract (b) Describe terms and conditions of a contract
management in management contract management are
executing (c) Describe types and features of explained in
procurement contracts executing
contracts (d) Differentiate between contract and procurement
management contract management contracts
(e) Explain the importance of contract management
(f) Describe contract management cycle
1.1.2 Contract (a) Describe the concept of contract
formation formation
(b) Describe the elements of contract
formation
(c) Explain the importance of contract
66
 formation
2.0 Explain contract 2.1 Essentials of 2.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concept of contract Contract
administration contract contract administration administration
principles in administration administration (b) Explain the activities involved in principles are
executing contract administration explained in
procurement (c) Describe the contract variation executing
contracts (d) Describe the challenges in contract procurement
administration contracts
2.1.2 Contract (a) Describe the concept of contract
documentation documentation
(b) Identify and describe the common
documents related to procurement
contract
(c) Describe the procurement contract
register
(d) Explain the contents of procurement
contract register
(e) State the importance of a
procurement contract register
3.0 Explain contract 3.1.1 Contract (a) Describe the concept of contract Contract termination
termination and 3.1 Termination and termination termination and closure in
closure in executing closure of the (b) Explain the factors that may lead to executing business
business activities contract contract termination activities is
(c) Describe the concept of dispute explained
resolution
(d) Describe the remedies for breach of
contract
(e) Describe various ways of terminating
contract

3.1.2 Contract (a) Describe the concept of contract

67
closure closure
(b) Explain issues to consider during
contract closure
(c) Explain importance of contract
closure

68
 REFERENCES
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Fuller, G. (2010). Purchasing Contracts: A Practical Guide, London: Spiramus Press.

Kirby, S., Carter, R. and Oxenbury, A. (2012). Practical Contract Management.

London: Cambridge Academic.

Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain Management
(9th ed.). London: Pearson Education Limited.

The Law of Contract Act, Cap 345 (R.E.2019)

URT. (2011). Public Procurement Act No. 7 of 2011. Dar es Salaam: Government
Printer.

URT. (2013). Public Procurement Regulations GN 466 of 2013. Dar es Salaam:

Government Printer.

URT. (2016). Public Procurement (Amendments) Act of 2016. Dar es Salaam:

Government Printer.

URT. (2016). Public Procurement Regulations Amendments GN 333 of 2016. Dar es

Salaam: Government Printer.

World Bank. (2018). Procurement Guidance: Contract Management Practice.

Washington DC: The World Bank.

69
 Subject Name: Principles of Office and Records Management

Subject Code: D08

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of office and records management.
(b) To examine in depth principles and techniques involved in office and records management.
(c) To enable learners apply appropriate principles of office and records management for effective administration of procurement
and supply records.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply principles of office and records management in business operations.

Table 19: Learning Areas Matrix for Office and records management

SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1 1.0 Explain basic 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An (a) Describe the concepts of office Basic office
office management to office overview of office management management concepts
concepts as management management (b) Explain the elements of an office as applied in
applied in (c) Explain the elements of office organizations are
organizations management explained.
(d) Explain the importance of an office.
(e) Describe the basic and administrative
functions of an office
(f) Describe various types of offices
(g) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of each of the described

70
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
office type
1.1.2 Office (a) Describe the concept of office procedures
procedures (b) Outline the guidelines in setting up office
procedures
(c) Describe the advantages of the office
procedures
(d) Explain the limitations of office procedures
2 2.0 Explain 2.1 Office 2.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of office Functions of office as
functions of an administration overview of office administration applied in organizations
office as applied in administration (b) Describe the activities involved in office are explained
organizations administration
(c) Identify the key personnel and chain of
commands
(d) Describe the concept of 5s in office
administration
2.1.1 Office (a) Describe the office design and layout
designs (b) Explain various types of office designs
(c) Describe the concept of office layout
factors to consider in designing office layout
3 2.0 Explain ethics 3.1 Ethics and 3.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of workplace Ethics and workplace
and workplace workplace workplace etiquette etiquette as applied in
etiquette as applied etiquette etiquette (b) Explain various elements of workplace organization are
in an organization etiquette (punctuality, neatness, explained
orderliness, confidentiality, integrity etc.)
(c) Explain about harassment and
discrimination at workplace
(d) Explain the importance of workplace
etiquette
71
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
3.1.2 Workplace (a) Describe the concept of ethical behavior
ethical behaviors (b) Explain the importance of ethical practices
at the workplace
(c) Describe various ways to promote ethical
behavior at workplace
(d) Explain the challenges in implementation
of ethics at the workplace
(e) Explain the consequences of unethical
conducts in the workplace
(f) Identify tools for enhancing ethical
behaviors (company’s policies, code of
ethics and conduct etc.)
(g) Discuss application of ethical practices in
procurement and supply chain functions
4 4.0 Explain 4.1 4.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of occupational Occupational health and
occupational health Occupational overview of health and safety safety issues as applies
and safety issues health and occupational (b) Identify various workplace health and at workplace are
as applied at Safety at health and safety safety hazards explained.
workplace workplace (c) Explain the causes and sources of various
hazards at workplaces
(d) Describe the effects of health, safety and
security hazards

72
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.2 Health and (a) Describe various occupational health and
safety safety standards
programmes at
workplace (b) Explain the importance of adhering to
occupational health and safety standards
at workplaces
(c) Explain the impact of implementing Health
and Safety programs for improved
working conditions.
(d) Determine the reasons for office legislation
for effective work coordination within an
office
(e) Describe the concept of ergonomics at
workplaces
4.1.3 Overview of (a) Explain the social protection policies for
health and safety employees
policies and (b) Explain various legislations governing
legislations workplaces (workers’ rights, OSHA etc.)
(c) Describe the role of insurance in mitigating
the risks associated with occupational
health and safety concerns
(d) Identify various social security schemes
and funds for proper management of
employees’ welfare

73
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
5 5.0 Apply record 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of records Record management as
management skills to overview of management used in organizations is
as used in record records (b) Explain various types of records used in explained.
organizations management management the organization
(c) Explain the contents/features of a record
(d) Identify the context and structure of
records
(e) Describe the objectives or purposes of
records management
(f) Discuss the record management process
(record life cycle)
1.1.2 File and (a) Describe the concept of file and filing
filing systems system
(b) Explain the characteristics of a good filing
(c) Explain the manual filing and file indexing
in offices
(d) Describe electronic filing system
(e) Describe the advantages and
disadvantages of filing systems.
(f) Identify various tools for storing electronic
files
(g) Discuss the challenges of adopting
electronic filing systems and its mitigation
strategies

74
 REFERENCES
AbrahamPizam, Dana Tesone (2009). Principles of Management for the Hospitality
Industry: ISBN 9780080963075, Location London.
David H. Rosenbloom, Robert S. Kravchuk, Richard M. Clerkin (2022). Public
Administration, 9th Edition. ISBN 9781003198116. New York.
Edwin A. Locke (2009). Handbook of Principles of Organizational behavior 2 nd
Edition: Indispensible knowledge for evidence-Based Management,
Macmillan Publishing Solution, Chennai India.
Joan Gratto Liebler, Charles R. MC. Connell (2021). Management Principles for
Health Professionals, 8th Edition: Library of Congress.
Laura A. Millar (2017). Principles and Practice in Records Management and
Archieves 2nd Edition: Facet Publishing.
Mintzberg, H. (2009). Managing. San Francisco Koehler Publishers.
Oliver Laasch, Roger N. Conaway (2015). Principles of Responsible Management,
Global Sustainability, Responsibility and Ethics. United States.
Sushil Kumar (2011). Achieves Principles and Practices. ISBN:978-81-8205-523-0,
Insha books. India.

75
Subject Name: Principles of Assets Management

Subject Code: D09

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on principles of asset management.
(b) To examine in depth principles and tools involved in effective assets management.
(c) To enable learners, apply appropriate principles of asset management for effective assets management in the organization.

Subject learning outcome: Apply principles of assets management in organizations

Table 13: Learning areas Matrix for Principles of Asset Management

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Basic principles of (a) Describe the concept of asset
Apply assets assets management management
principles of management (b) Describe the nature and scope of
assets asset management
management (c) Analyze the asset management
in principles
procurement (d) Explain the categories of assets
and supplies (e) Explain the importance of asset
management management
1.1.2 Asset life cycle (a) Describe the concept of asset life Asset management is
cycle clearly introduced
(b) Describe the concept of asset
planning

76
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Describe the procedures for asset
acquisition and maintenance
(d) Describe the asset disposal
procedures
(e) Explain the reasons for disposing
asset
(f) Describe the concept of total cost
ownership of asset
1.2 Asset risk 1.2.1 Risk associated (a) Describe the concept of risks in asset Risk asset is properly
management with asset management management. managed.
(b) Identify the risks arising from asset
management
(c) Analyze the asset risk mitigation
strategies
1.2.2 Asset review and (a) Describe the concepts of asset
verification review and verification
(b) Describe the nature and scope of
asset review and verification
(c) Discuss the asset codification
(d) Determine procedure to manage
asset verification records
(e) Determine the common errors in
asset verification
1.3 Asset 1.3.1 Asset register (a) Explain the concept of asset register Assets management
management (b) Describe the contents of asset planning is properly
records register introduced.
(c) Explain the role of asset register
(d) Explain various categories of asset

77
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
register
(e) Prepare asset register
1.3.2 Asset record (a) Describe the concept of asset record
keeping keeping
(b) Describe the asset records life cycle
(c) State the importance of asset record
keeping
(d) Describe the manual and electronic
record system
(e) Identify various documents related to
asset management
(f) Discuss the challenges of asset
record keeping and its mitigation
strategies

78
 REFERENCES
Antony, N. and Hasting, J. (2009). Physical Asset Management. (2nd Edition).
Springer Publisher.

Deadman, C. (2010). Strategic assets management. (1st Edition). Troubador

Publishing Ltd.

John D. Campbell, Andrew K.S. Jardine, Joel McGlynn (2011) Asset Management
Excellence-Optimizing Equipment, Life Cycle Decisions., London New
York.
Lloyd, C. (2009). Asset Management: Whole Life management. Thomas Telford
Publishing.

Nicholous Anthony, John Hastings (2015). Physical Asset Management with an

Introduction to ISO55000 2nd Edition, Springer International Publishing:
Switzerland
Peurose, H. (2008). Physical Asset Management for the Executive. Success by
Design.

Rebecca Hooper, Robert Armitage, Andrew Gallagher, Tom Osorio (2009). Whole
life Infrastructure Asset Management: Good Practice guide for Civil
Infrastructure; CIRIA Classic House , London.

79
Subject Name: Tendering Process and Techniques

Subject Code: D10

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on tendering process and techniques.
(b) To examine in depth techniques and methods involved in tendering process for effective execution of procurement functions.
(c) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques for effective administration of tendering process in the organization.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply tendering procedures and techniques in undertaking procurement activities in business
operations.
Table 21: Learning Areas Matrix for Tendering process and techniques

SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1. 1.0 Explain 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concept tendering Concepts related
concepts related tendering tendering and (b) Explain the reasons for tendering to tendering
to tendering techniques (c) Identify the benefits of tendering process are
process (d) Describe the costs associated with explained.
tendering
(e) Identify the risks associated with
tendering
1.1.2 Tendering (a) Describe the concepts of tendering
methods and methods and techniques
techniques (b) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of each tendering
methods
(c) Describe the conditions for
80
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
selecting tendering methods
2. 2.0 Explain 2.1 Tendering 2.1.1 Tendering (a) Describe the concept of tendering Tendering
tendering process process and process process process in
in business documentation (b) Describe the phases of tendering business
undertakings process undertakings is
(c) Identify the key players in the explained.
tendering process
2.1.2 Tendering (a) Describe the concept of tendering
Documentation documentation
(b) Identify various documents
involved in the tendering
(c) Describe the importance of
tendering documentation
(d) Determine the contents of a tender
document
3. 3.0 Describe 3.1 Procurement 3.1.1 overview of (a) Describe the concept of Institutional
institutional governance procurement procurement governance arrangements in
arrangements in framework governance (b) Identify institutions governing tendering process
tendering process procurement are described
(c) Determine the challenges of
procurement governance and its
mitigation strategies
3.1.2 Institutional (a) Describe the concept of institutional
setup in tendering arrangement
(b) Identify the key players within
organizations who are involved in
tendering process; and
(c) Describe the role of key players

81
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
involved in tendering process.
4. 4.0 Apply 4.1 Introduction to 4.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concept of e- Electronic
electronic e-Tendering e-Tendering Tendering tendering as the
tendering as the (b) Describe the forms of e-Tendering; current trend in
current trend in (c) Differentiate manual from e- procurement
procurement Tendering context is applied.
context (d) Describe e -Tendering process
(e) Describe benefits of e -Tendering
(f) Describe challenges of e-tendering
and its mitigation strategies
4.1.2 e-Tendering (a) Describe e-Tendering tools
tools (b) Describe e-Tendering supportive
tools and software
(c) Explain the web-based tendering
(d) Describe security aspects in e-
Tendering

82
 REFERENCES
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain Management
(9th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Schoenherr, T. (2019). The evolution of electronic procurement. In the Evolution of
Electronic Procurement (pp. 33- 46). Palgrave Pivot, Cham.
Shukla, N. (2017). e-Contracts, Tenders and Agreements (1st ed.). New Delhi: Kamal
Publishers.
URT (2011). Public Procurement Act No. 7 of 2011. Dar es Salaam: Government
Printer.
URT (2013). Public Procurement Regulations GN 466 of 2013. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT (2016). Public Procurement (Amendments) Act of 2016 Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT (2016). Public Procurement Regulations Amendments GN 333 of 2016. Dar es
Salaam: Government Printer.

83
Subject Name: Entrepreneurship and Commercial Knowledge

Subject Code: D11

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on entrepreneurship and commercial knowledge
(b) To examine in depth principles and techniques involved in entrepreneurship for effective business undertakings
(c) To enable learners apply entrepreneurial skills and commercial knowledge to establish and manage business

Subject Learning Outcomes: Apply entrepreneurship skills and commercial knowledge in business operations.
Table 22: Learning Areas Matrix for Tendering process and Techniques

SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.0 Describe 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe various concepts of Concepts of
concepts of to entrepreneurship entrepreneurship entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship entrepreneurship (b) Explain the evolution of entrepreneurship as applied in
as applied in (c) Explain the myths of entrepreneurship business
business (d) Describe the school of thoughts of contexts are
contexts. entrepreneurship described
1.1.2 Entrepreneurial (a) Describe the concept of entrepreneurial
attributes attributes
(b) Determine the reasons for becoming an
entrepreneur
(c) Explain the entrepreneurial motives
(d) Explain the challenges facing entrepreneurs
and its mitigation strategies
2.2.0 Apply 2.1 Business 2.1.1 Business ideas (a) Describe concept of business idea Entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship idea generation generation generation creative thinking
creative thinking and creative (b) Explain the process of developing business is applied
thinking ideas
(c) Explain various techniques of creative
thinking for entrepreneurs
2.1.2 Creativity and (a) Describe the concepts of creativity and
innovation innovation
(b) Distinguish between creativity and innovation
(c) Determine the stages of the creativity and
innovation
(d) Explain the factors influencing creativity and
innovation
(e) Explain the types of innovation
3. 3.1 Business 3.1.1 Forms of (a) Describe the concept of business formation
formation businesses and legal (b) Explain various forms of businesses
framework for (c) Explain the advantages and disadvantages
business formation of each form of a business

84
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Describe the legal and statutory
requirements for forming a business
(e) Identify various institutions governing
business formations and operations
(f) Identify various legal documents for
formation of a business
3.1.2 Business (a) Describe the concepts of business
environment and environment and market research
Market research (b) Determine the business environment
assessment
(c) Explain the process of conducting market
research.
3.1.3 Business plan (a) Describe the concept of business plan
(b) Identify the important components of a
business plan
(c) Explain the process of business plan review
3.1.4 Business (a) Describe the concept of business financing
financing (b) Identify the sources of capital for running a
business
(c) Explain the challenges for securing finances
in business operations and its mitigation
strategies
4.4.0 Apply skills 4.1 Business 4.1.1 Business (a) Describe the concept of business evaluation Skills on
on business evaluation and evaluation (b) Explain the process of establishing business business
evaluation and continuity performance indicators. evaluation
continuity (c) Identify the business performance continuity are
measurements (ratio analysis, break-even applied
analysis etc.)
(d) Explain the process of business performance
evaluation
4.1.2 Business life (a) Explain the business life cycle
cycle (b) Explain how to manage business growth
(c) Explain the process of business performance
evaluation
(d) Explain the gap for a niche within the existing
business and scanning for opportunity
4.1.3 Business (a) Describe the concepts of business
Succession and succession and continuity
continuity (b) Explain the importance of business
succession and continuity
(c) Discuss various types of business ownership

85
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
5.5.0 Apply 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concept of commerce commercial
commercial to commerce commerce (b) Explain the types of commerce knowledge and
knowledge and (c) Explain the importance of commerce skills in business
skills in business (d) Describe the role of commerce in the operations is
operations business operations applied
5.1.2 Factors of (a) Describe the concept of production
production (b) Discuss the factors of production
(c) Explain the importance of production

5.1.3 The nature of (a) Describe the concept of commercial

commercial enterprises
enterprises (b) Discuss various types of enterprises;
(c) Explain the role of SMEs in the business
operations

5.1.4 Commercial (a) Describe the concept of commercial

documentation documentation
(b) Classify various types of commercial
documents
(c) Explain the importance of commercial
documentation in business transactions
(d) Explain the challenges associated with
commercial documentation and its mitigation
strategies
6.6.0 Use 6.1.1 Foreign and (a) Describe the concepts of foreign and Knowledge of
knowledge of domestic trade domestic trade trade and aids to
trade and aids to 6.1 Trade and (b) Explain the features of foreign and domestic trade in in
trade in business aids to trade trade business
operations (c) Explain the factors influencing development operations is
of foreign and domestic trade used.
(d) Explain the types of foreign and domestic
trade
(e) Explain the advantages and disadvantages
of domestic and foreign trade.
6.1.2 Aids to trade (a) Describe the concept of aids to trade
(b) Discuss the aspects of aids to trade
(c) Discuss various types of aids to trade
(d) Use various aids to trade in conducting
business

86
 REFERENCES
Barringer, B. R., and Ireland, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship: Successfully
launching new ventures. Pearson Education.
Bruce, B. & Ireland, R ( 2018). Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New
Ventures (What's New in Management) (6th Edition). London:
Pearson..
Daniel, P. (2013). Entrepreneur Revolution: How to develop your entrepreneurial
mindset and start a business that works. Capstone.
Harvard Business Review. (2018). The Harvard Business Review
Entrepreneur's Handbook: Everything You Need to Launch and
Grow Your New Business (HBR Handbooks) Paperback. Harvard
Business Review Press.
Heidi, M. N., Christopher, P. N., & Emma, L. M. (2020). Entrepreneurship: The
Practice and Mindset (2nd Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Jack, M. P., & Jack, M. (2020). Patterns of Entrepreneurship Management (6th
edition). John Wiley &Sons.
McDonald, M., and Wilson, H. (2011). Marketing Plans: How to prepare them,
how to use them (7th Edition). John Wiley &Sons.
Paul, B. (2010). Entrepreneurship and Small Business: Start-up, Growth and
Maturity. Palgrave Macmillan.
Rhonda, A. (2017). Entrepreneurship: A Real-World Approach (2nd Edition).
Planning Shop;
Saleemi, N. A. (2014). Commerce Simplified for East Africa. Nairobi: Printing
Services Limited.
Spinelli, S., and Adams, R. (2012a). The Entrepreneurial Mind: Crafting a
Personal Entrepreneurial Strategy: New Venture Creation:
entrepreneurship for the 21st century. (9th Edition.) . New York:
McGraw Hill.

87
2.3 2.3 Learning Areas for Graduate Professional I
Subject Name: Procurement Management

Subject Code: G01

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on procurement management.
(b) To appraise principles, techniques, and methods of procurement management for effective execution of procurement functions.
(c) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on procurement planning and governance.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate principles and strategies of procurement for effective execution of procurement functions in an
organization.

Subject learning outcome: Apply procurement knowledge and skills in organizations

Table 23: Matrix Learning Areas for Procurement Management

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
1.0 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of Introduction to
Procurement of Procurement procurement management procurement management
management management (b) Discuss the procurement is clearly applied in
management objectives organization
(c) Explain the role of procurement in
organization
(d) Describe the interdependence of
procurement with other functions in
the organization
(e) Describe the principles of
procurement
(f) Describe the drivers of change and
future trends of Procurement
management
1.1.2 Procurement (a) Describe the concept of
process procurement process
(b) Analyze the steps involved in
procurement process
(c) Apply procurement methods in
acquisition of goods, works and
services
(d) Explain the ways of optimizing
organizational procurement
process
(e) Discuss documents used in
Procurement management
1.2. Procurement 1.2.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of the Procurement Planning is
Planning to procurement procurement planning properly discussed

88
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
planning (b) Explain the importance of
procurement planning
(c) Describe the practical steps in
preparation of a procurement plan,
(d) Explain procedures of conducting
market survey as prerequisite
information to procurement plan,
(e) Discuss the contents of
procurement plan and its format
(f) Discuss challenges of
procurement planning and its
mitigation strategies
(g) Prepare procurement plan
1.2.2 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of strategic
strategic Procurement planning
Procurement (b) Explain procedures of conducting
planning market survey as prerequisite
information to strategic
procurement plan,
(c) Discuss the organization
administrative principles and
procurement forecast
(d) Discuss the contents of strategic
procurement plan and its format
(e) Discuss challenges of strategic
procurement planning and its
mitigation strategies
(f) Prepare strategic procurement
plan
1.3. Procurement 1.3.1 Legal and (a) Describe the concepts of legal and Procurement Governance
Governance institutional institutional framework for is properly managed in
framework in procurement management organization
procurement (b) Explain the procurement legal
management reforms and its relevance in
procurement practices
(c) Discuss the procurement under
donor funded projects and its
features
(d) Explain the role of donor financing
institutions in procurement
practices.
(e) Determine role and functions of the
institutions governing procurement
practices.
1.3.2 Public (a) Describe the concept of PPP
Private approach as used in procurement
Partnership (PPP) management
89
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
approach in (b) Describe the importance of PPP
procurement approach in Procurement
management
(c) Explain the legal framework of PPP
undertakings
(d) Discuss the models of PPP in
Procurement management
(e) Explain the PPP process in
Procurement management
(f) Determine challenges of PPP
implementation in Procurement
management and its mitigation
strategies
1.4. Strategic 1.4.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concepts of strategic Strategic procurement is
procurement to strategic management and strategic clearly described in the
procurement procurement organization
(b) Explain the importance of strategic
procurement
(c) Describe the strategic procurement
management process
(d) Discuss the strategy formulation
and implementation in procurement
practices
(e) Discuss the role of strategic
procurement practices in
organization
(f) Determine challenges of strategic
procurement and its mitigation
strategies
1.4.2 Sourcing (a) Describe the concept of sourcing
and outsourcing and outsourcing strategies
strategies (b) Analyze the sourcing and
outsourcing strategies
(c) Describe the importance of
sourcing and outsourcing
(d) Discuss types of sourcing and
outsourcing strategies
(e) Explain factors to consider in
sourcing and outsourcing
strategies
1.4.3 Spend (a) Describe the concept of spend
Analysis analysis
(b) Explain types of spend analysis
(c) Determine benefits of spend
analysis
(d) Discuss the process of spend
analysis
90
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
(e) Identify key performance indicators
and metrics in spend analysis
(f) Describe best practices in spend
analysis
(g) Apply spend analysis tools in
procurement management
1.4.4 Green (a) Describe the concept of green
Procurement procurement
(b) Discuss the principles of green
procurement
(c) Determine the drivers of green
procurement
(d) Explain the benefits of green
procurement
(e) Discuss the legal frameworks and
international treaties/conventions
governing green procurement
(f) Describe best practices for green
procurement
1.4.5 Procurement (a) Describe the concept of
Performance procurement performance
Measures measures
(b) Determine performance indicators
in procurement management
(c) Discuss drivers of procurement
performance
(d) Apply performance measurement
models in procurement
management
(e) Discuss the barriers and mitigation
strategies of procurement
performance
1.5 Electronic 1.5.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of e- Electronic procurement
procurement to electronic procurement management is properly
management procurement (b) Discuss the evolution of e- described in procurement
procurement in global perspective and supply operation
(c) Determine e-procurement
supporting tools
(d) Explain the benefits of e-
procurement
(e) Discuss the e-procurement
management process
(f) Explain challenges and mitigation
strategies for implementation of e-
procurement practices.
1.5.2 Legal (a) Describe the concept of legal
framework of e- framework of e-procurement
91
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
procurement management
(b) Apply the legal frameworks governing
e-procurement in procurement
practices
(c) Evaluate the relevance of legal
framework governing e- procurement
practices

92
 REFERENCES

Baily, P. (2010). Procurement, Principles and Management (10th Edition), Pearson

Education, New York USA
Booth, C. (2010). Strategic Procurement; Organizing Suppliers and Supply chains
for competitive Advantage. London: Kogan Page Limited.
Davil, A, Gupta, M. and Palmer, R. (2008). Moving Procurement systems to the
Internet: The Adoption and use of E-Procurement Technology Models.
New York: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Donahve, J. F. and Presutti, W. (2008). Supply Management and e-Procurement
Creating Value Added in the Supply chain. Pittsburgh: Rockwell Hall.
Emmett, S. and Sood, V (2010).Green Supply Chains: An action manifesto. New
York: John Wiley & Sons.
GPP. (2011) Buying Green. European Union. Luxembourg.
Lloyd, C. (2009). Asset Management: Whole Life management. Thomas Telford
Publishing .
Lysons, K. and Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain Management.
London: Pearson Education Limited.
Menard, R. (2011). Green Purchasing and Sustainability. New York: Brigitte Media.
Peurose, H. (2008). Physical Asset Management for the Executive. Design Press.
URT. (2011). Public Procurement Act No. 7 of 2011. Dar es Salaam: Government
Printer.
URT. (2013). Public Procurement Regulations GN 466 of 2013. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT. (2016). Public Procurement (Amendments) Act of 2016. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT. (2016). Public Procurement Regulations Amendments GN 333 of 2016. Dar es
Salaam: Government Printer.

93
 Subject Name: Principles of Economics

Subject Code: G02

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with principles of economics for problem solving and decision making in procurement and supply
management.
(b) To enable learners apply concepts and theories of economics in procurement and supply management.
(c) To enable learners, apply appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of economic governance and financial systems in
executing procurement and supply functions.
(d) To equip learners with economics investment, financial analysis and market structure analysis for effective and efficient
execution of procurement and supply functions.

Subject learning outcome: Apply principles of economics in execution of procurement functions.

Table 24: Learning areas matrix for principles of economics

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe various concepts of
principles of to Economics Economics economics
economics in (b) Explain the objectives of economics
procurement (c) Describe the principles of economics
and supply (d) Discuss the importance of economics
function.

94
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Basic Economic (a) Identify various economic problems
Problems (b) Explain the scarcity and choice of
resources
(c) Discuss the fundamentals of
opportunity cost.
(d) Describe the Production Possibility
Frontier (PPF) Principles of economics
(e) Discuss factors of production are efficiently applied in
(f) Explain the impact of economic procurement and supply
problems on a society execution.
1.1.3 Demand and (a) Describe the concepts of demand and
Supply supply
(b) Identify the determinants of demand
and supply
(c) State the laws of demand and supply
(d) Analyze the nature of consumers and
consumer behaviour
(e) Determine price equilibrium and actual
price
(f)Discuss the effects of shifts in the supply
curve
(g) Compute the price elasticity of demand
and elasticity of supply
(h) Determine the marginal utility and
exchange minimizing utility
1.2 Market 1.2.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concepts of market Principles of economics
structure and market structure and structure and analysis are efficiently applied in

95
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
analysis analysis (b) Explain various types of market procurement and supply
structures and analysis execution.
(c) Discuss the conditions of existence
of each type of market structure
(d) Discuss the features of different
types of market structures
(e) Apply market structure and analysis
in procurement practices
1.2.3 Production and (a) Describe the concepts of production
costs and cost
(b) Explain the production function.
(c) Identify types of inputs of production
and costs.
(d) Explain the effect of cost on output
under short and long run
(e) Describe the law of diminishing
return and learning curve in optimal
input decision
(f) Describe the cost function, fixed cost,
variable cost, total cost, average cost
and marginal cost, etc. and their
effects in long and short run

1.2.3 Profit and (a) Describe the concepts of profit and

profitability analysis profitability analysis

96
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
(b) Explain types of profitability analysis
(c) Explain the role of economic profit
(d) Compare and contrast the theories of
profit
(e) Describe and apply break even
analysis
1.2.4 Labour & (a) Describe the concepts of labour and
Unemployment unemployment
(b) Evaluate labour market and labour
force
(c) Describe types of unemployment
(d) Interpret demand and supply curves
for labour
(e) Discuss the causes of unemployment
around the globe and its mitigation
strategies
1.3 Economic 1.3.1 Investments (a) Describe the concept of investments
investments (b) Explain the role of investments
(c) Explain the determinants of
investments
(d) Determine the investment uncertainty
and cycles
(e) Describe marginal efficiency of
investments, interest rate,
capitalization of assets and rate of
return on investment.
(f) Assess the stock market, vertical

97
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
integration and diversification
1.3.2 Inflation (a) Describe the concept of inflation
(b) Explain causes of inflation
(c) Describe the types of inflation
(d) Explain effects of inflation and its
mitigation strategies
(e) Determine the role of government
and financial institutions in managing
inflation
(f) Distinguish between inflationary and
deflationary gaps
1.4 Economic 1.4.1 legal framework a) Describe the concept of legal
governance and institutions framework in governing economy
and financial governing economy b) Identify the legal and institutional
systems framework in governing economy
c) Correlate economic legal framework
and policies in procurement and supply
function.
1.4.2 Money and (a) Describe the concepts of money and
financial systems financial systems as applied in
economics
(b) Explain money as commodity,
measuring of money and exchange rate
(c) Describe demand and supply of money
(d) Explain the functions of Central Bank
and Commercial banks
(e) Describe bank deposits and money

98
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESMENT CRITERIA
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
creation, Banks charges and interests
1.4.3 Fiscal Policy and (a) Describe the concept of fiscal policy
Government’s (b) Explain the process of formulating
Economic role Fiscal policies
(c) Describe Government budgeting
process
(d) Explain the role of government in
provision of public good,
redistribution of income, stabilization
of economy and improving standard
of living
(a) Describe the concept of international
trade
1.4.4 International (b) Explain the concepts of absolute and
Trade comparative advantages
(c) Discuss the effects of international
trade and its mitigation strategies
(a) Describe the concepts of
globalization and protectionism
(b) Discuss the restrictions related to
1.4.5 Globalization import and export
and protectionism (c) Explain the tradeoffs of trade policy
(d) Explain challenges of globalization
and protectionism and their
mitigation strategies

99
 REFERENCES
Baker, D. (2010) Taking Economics Seriously, Series: A Boston Review
Book. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press
Butler E. (2021) An Introduction to Trade and Globalisation, London : London
Publishing Partnership.
Cimen M. and Katman F. (2013) Turkish Economic Policies and External
Dependency; Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Hossain A. M. (2013) Principles and Practices of Engineering and
Industrial Economics Series: Economic Issues, Problems and
Kermally, Sultan Series: (2016) Marketing & Economics: An Integrative
Approach to Making Effective Business Decisions in the Global
Marketing World. Vernon Series in Business and Finance. Wilmington,
DE : Vernon Press.
Parkin Michael (2012) Principle of Economics 7th Edition Addison –Wesley
Longman. Perspectives. New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Robert G. D. and Matjaž M. (2014) Social Responsibility : Sustainability,

Education and Management Series: Social Responsibility Beyond
Neoliberalism and Charity, Volume 2. Sharjah, U.A.E. : Bentham
Science Publishers.
William M.A. Beg, Manoj Kumar Dash (2010) Managerial Economics, Global
professional publishing.

100
Subject name: Principles and Practices of Management

Subject code: G03

Subject Objectives

(a) To equip learners with modern management principles and practice.

(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of leadership to assume management responsibilities in an organization.

(c) To enable learners apply knowledge and skills of management principles in effective performance of procurement and supply
functions.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply principles of management and practices at an organization.

Table 25: Learning Areas Matrix for Principles and Practices of Management
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1. 1.0 Describe 1.1 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the nature and scope of Various concepts of
concepts of Introduction to of management management management principles
management principles of (b) Describe evolution of management and practices are
principles and Management (c) Explain theories related to evolution described
practices of management
(d) Management’s schools of thought
(e) Identify the functions of
management
(f)Explain the importance of

101
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
management
1.1.2 Management (a) Explain the concept of management
approaches approaches
(b) Discuss the styles and techniques
of management
(c) Distinguish between management
and administration
(d) Distinguish between management
and organization
(e) Explain the chain of command in an
organization
2. 2.0 Describe 2.1 2.1.1 An overview (a) Explain the concept of organization Organization structure
Organization Organizational of organization and organization structure and principles of
structure and structure (b) Describe various types of organization are
Principles of organization structures described
Organization (c) Analyze advantages and
disadvantages of different types of
organizational structure
(d) Explain factors affecting
organizational structure
(e) Describe organizational chart
(f) Describe the importance of
organization structure
2.12 (a) Explain the concept of
Departmentalization departmentalization
(b) Describe different forms of
departmentalization
102
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Explain the reasons for
departmentalization
(d) Explain the advantages of
disadvantages of
departmentalization
3. 3.0 Apply 3.1 Management functions
management Management 3.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of skills in the organization
functions skills principles of management management principles are applied.
in the principles (b) Explain various principles of
organization management
(c) Apply the management principles in
executing business activities

3.1.2 Management (a) Describe the concept of

functions management functions
(b) Explain various functions of
management
(c) Describe the levels of management

3.1.3 Management (d) Describe the concept of

environment management environment
(e) Explain types of management
environment
(f) Analyze environmental factors
affecting management functions

103
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4. 4.0 Describe 4.1 Leadership 4.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concept of Motivation theories and
motivation and Motivation leadership leadership application of authority in
theories and (b) Identify characteristics of an an organization are
application of effective leader described
authority in an (c) Explain various types of
organization leadership
(d) Determine leadership power and
their sources
(e) Explain the importance of good
leadership
(f) Discuss the principles of
leadership
4.1.2 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of
Motivation motivation
(b) Explain motivation process
(c) Explain motivation theories and
techniques
(d) Apply motivation theories and
techniques in business operation
5. 5.0 Describe 5.1 5.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of organizational culture is
organizational Organizational of organizational organizational culture describe
culture culture culture (b) Explain the elements of
organizational culture
(c) Determine features of
organizational culture
(d) Explain the types of
organizational culture

104
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(e) Describe importance of
organizational culture
(f) Explain the dimensions of
organizational culture
5.1.2 Developing (a) Describe the concept of
organizational organizational culture
culture development
(b) Explain the factors for creating
organizational culture
(c) Determine the process of
developing organizational culture
(d) Describe ways to maintain
organizational culture
(e) Explain the challenges of
developing organizational culture
and its mitigation strategies

105
 REFERENCES

Child, J. (2015). Organization: contemporary principles and practice. New York:

John Wiley & Sons
Edward E. Lawler (2017) Reinventing
Talent Management : Principles and Practices. Berrett- Koehler
Publisher for the New World of Work
Grant, B.D (2017).Sustainable and Supply Chain Management: Principles and
practices for Sustainable operations and Management 2nd edition chee
yew wrong Alexander Trautrims London.
Jablonski, Adam, J (2017). Entrepreneurship Management Science: Theory and
Applications. Hauppauge, New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Kerry R. Wills (2014). Best Practices and Advances in Program Management
series . Boca Raton FL Auerbach Publications.
P.P. Ghosh. Bengaluru (2021). Principles and Practices of Management. Laxmi
Publications Pvt Ltd.
Prasad, L. M. (2020). Principles and practice of management. New Delhi: Sultan
Chand & Sons.

106
 Subject Name: Legal Aspects of Procurement and Supply Chain

Subject code: G04

Subject Objectives

(a) To apprise learners with the legal concepts of procurement and Supply Chain in business transactions.

(b) To provide learners with requisite knowledge and skills of procurement and supply chain legal framework.

(c) To enable learners address legal challenges facing the procurement and supply chain functions.

(d) To enable learners apply appropriate procurement and Supply Chain legal framework when dealing with business operations.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply legal aspects of procurement and Supply Chain in business operations.

Table 26: Learning Areas Matrix for Legal Aspect of Procurement and Supply

SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1 1.0 Explain the 1.1 1.1.1 An (a) Describe the concepts of legal aspects of Legal aspects of
legal aspects of Introducti overview of procurement procurement and
procurement and on to legal aspects (b) Examine the Legal instruments affecting supply chain as
supply chain as legal of procurement functions, (e.g., The Sales of applied in business
applied in business aspects procurement Goods Act, The Law of Contract Act, Public operations are
operations of and supply Procurement Act, PPP Act and Environmental explained.
procurem chain. Act etc.)
ent and (c) Discuss the importance of legal aspects of
supply procurement in executing business activities
chain (d) Apply laws related to sale of goods, hire
purchase and torts
107
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 (a) Describe the concepts related to contracts as
Contracts and applied in legal aspects of procurement
related laws (b) Describe the nature and scope of contract of
sale of goods, works and services, transfer of
title and risks.
(c) Distinguish between sale of goods, contracts
and other types of Procurement contracts for
works and services.
(d) Determine the law of guarantee, contract of
indemnity and contracts of bailment.

3 3.0 Explain 3.1 3.1.1 (a) Describe the concepts of company and Concepts related to
concepts related to Concepts Overview of company law company law are
company law relating to company law (b) Classify the types of companies and their explained
company characteristics
law (c) describe the implications of company law to
procurement and supply operations
3.1.2 (a) Describe the characteristics of a company
Company (b) Explain the registration process of the company
registration (c) Discuss the registration process of various
process companies based on their types
3.1.3 Legal (a) Describe the concept of legal instrument related
requirements to the formation of company
relating to (b) State the role of promoters in formation of a
formation of company
company (c) Describe types of shares and share capital
(d) Elaborate the legal requirements in incorporation

108
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
of a foreign company in Tanzania
(e) Describe how a foreign company is evaluated
when participating in the tender including due
diligence
(f) Explain legal requirements for forming law of
agency
5 5.0 Explain legal 5.1 Law 5.1.1 (a) Describe the concept of law of agency Legal requirements for
requirements for of agency Introduction (b) Explain categories of law of agency (partnership, forming law of
forming law of to law of joint venture, consortium, or association)
agency. agency (c) Describe the relationship between partners
formation and liabilities
(d) Explain the role of partnership (actual and
apparent authority)
5.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of partnership dissolution
Partnership (b) Discuss conditions for partnership dissolution
dissolution (c) Discuss rights and obligation after dissolution of
the partnership

6 6.0 Apply 6.1 Letter 6.1.1 (a) Explain the concept of letter of credit Procedures relating to
procedures of Credit Introduction (b) Describe the types of letters of credit letter of credit and
relating to letter of and to letter of (c) Explain the procedures for applying letter of negotiable instruments
credit and Negotiabl credit credit are applied
negotiable e (d) Discuss the usefulness of letter of credit in
instruments Instrumen international trade
ts 6.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of negotiable instruments
Introduction (b) Explain the types of negotiable instruments
to negotiable (c) Discuss the law relating to negotiable

109
SN SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
instruments instruments.
(d) Describe the functions and parties of negotiable
instruments
7 7.0 Apply legal 7.1 7.1.1 (a) Describe the concepts of procurement
requirements Procurem Overview to and supply laws
governing ent and Procurement (b) Identify procurement and supply laws legal requirements
procurement and supply and supply (c) Discuss the laws governing governing procurement
supply chain chain chain laws procurement and supply processes and supply chain are
laws in (d) Describe the rationale of laws applied.
Tanzania governing procurement and supply
(e) Discuss the common challenges and
mitigation strategies in compliance to
procurement and supply laws
7.1.2 Legal (a) Describe concept of legal enforcement
enforcement instruments in Procurement and supply
instruments in (b) Identify the legal enforcement
procurement instruments in Procurement and supply
and supply (c) Determine the functions and relevance
chain of legal enforcement instruments in
procurement and supply.

110
 REFERENCES
Beaumont, B. (2019). FIDIC Red Book: A Commentary, Informal Law:
Routledge.
Bills of Exchange Act, Cap 215.
Clarke, M., Hooley, R., Munday, R., Sealy, L., Tettenborn, A and Turner, P.
(2017). Commercial Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford University
Press. Companies Act, Cap 212.
Kirby, S., Carter, R. and Oxenbury, A. (2012). Practical Contract Management.
London: Cambridge Academic.
Macaura v. Northern Ins. Co. (1925) AC 619. Part XII of Cap 212. Public Private
Partnership Act, Cap 103.
Public Procurement Act, No. 7 of 2011, as amended.
Public Procurement Regulations, GN. No. 446 of 2013, as amended.
Ryder, N., Griffiths, M. and Singh, L. (2012). Commercial Law: Principles and
Policy, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sale of Goods Act, Cap 214.
Salomon v Salomon (1897) A.C 22.
Sections 192 of the Law of Contract Act, Cap 345.
Sections 27 & 28 of Cap 212.
STATUTES AND CASES
Twomey, D., Jenning, S M. and Grenee, S. (2016). Business Law: Principles for
Today’s Commercial Environment. Cengage Learning.

111
Subject Name: Warehouse Management

Subject Code: G05

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on warehouse management.
(b) To examine in depth principles, techniques and methods involved in efficient management of warehouse.
(c) To acquaint learners with various software for effective warehouse management.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate principles and techniques in warehouse management.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply warehouse management in organizations.

Table 27: Learning Areas Matrix for Warehouse Management.
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply warehouse 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of warehouse Warehouse
management Warehouse Warehouse management management is clearly
knowledge and skills management Management. (b) Explain types of Warehouses introduced in
in organizations (c) Describe classification of organizations
Warehouses according to uses
(d) Determine the advantages and
disadvantages of centralization and
decentralization of warehouse
functions.
(e) Examine the importance of
warehouse in an organization
1.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of warehouse
112
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
Warehouse administration
Administration (b) Explain the importance of
warehouse administration.
(c) Describe the legislation relating to
warehouse and stockyards.
(d) Describe the prerequisites for
design feature and construction of
warehouse
(e) Describe the stockyard cost
consideration in sitting and
construction
(f) Describe the warehouse
maintenance cost
(g) Analyze aspect of health, safety
risks, security and fire precaution in
warehouse and stockyards.
(h) Apply warehousing procedures and
documentation in carrying out
business activities
1.2 Materials 1.2.1 Material (a) Describe the concept of material
handling and handling handling equipment
storage in equipment (b) Explain the functions of material
warehouse handling equipment, nature and
scope.
(c) Explain factors to consider in
selection of material handling
equipment.

113
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Determine the cost implication of
handling materials methods.
(e) Discuss procedures for outsourcing
materials handling equipment
(f) Determine the factors affecting
material handling equipment
1.2.2 Storage (a) Describe the concept of storage
management management in warehouse
(b) Analyze the classification of materials
and their storage requirements in
warehouse.
(c) Discuss the storage methods and
systems of storage.
(d) Describe current storage equipment in
warehouse operations
1.2.3 (a) Describe the concept of packaging,
Packaging, packing and preservation
packing and (b) Analyze the packing and packaging
preservation materials.
(c) Describe types of packaging
(d) Explain the preservation process
(e) Describe the packaging standards,
packing and packing costs
(f)Describe control of packages containers
for preservation.
1.3 Warehouse 1.3.1 (a) Explain the institutional framework for Warehouse
Governance Institutional warehouse management governance is properly

114
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
frameworks in (b) Describe procedures for handling applied in organization
warehouse different types of goods (Multiple
management Customers)
(c) Demonstrate understanding stock and
warehouse insurance
(d) Analyze status of warehousing
governance
1.3.2 (a) Describe the concept of automation Warehouse automation
Warehouse warehouse is properly managed in
management (b) Explain the features of warehouse organization
automation automation
(c) Determine the application of
warehouse automation
(d) Explain the importance of
warehouse automation
(e) Discuss the challenges of
warehouse automation and its
mitigation strategies
1.4 Stocks 1.4.1 Disposal (a) Describe the concept of disposal Stocks disposal are
Disposal of materials in (b) Explain the nature and scope of properly managed in
management warehouse stocks disposal organization
(c) Discuss the reasons for
conducting disposal of stocks
(d) Determine the methods of stock
disposal
(e) Discuss disposal process
1.4.2 Legal a) Describe the concepts of legal

115
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
framework of framework in stock disposal
warehouse b) Analyze the guiding principles of
disposal stock disposal in organization
c) Apply legal framework of stocks
disposal in the organization

116
 REFERENCES

Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2010). Supply Chain Management: strategy Planning

and Operation (4th Edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Jeroen, P. (2007). Intergral Warehouse Management. The Netherlands:
Lulu.com publisher.
Leong, T.W et al. (2012). The Principles of Supply Chain Management (3rd
Edition). Ohio: Nartorp Boulevard Mason.
Murray, M., (2007). SAP Warehouse Management. SAP Press publisher.
Myerson, P. (2012). Lean Supply Chain and Logistics Management (1st Edition).
McGraw- Hill Professional.
Richards, G. (2011). Warehouse Management: a complete guide to improving
efficiency. New York: Kogan Page Publisher.
Rushton, A., Croucher, P., and Baker P. (2010). The Handbook of Logistics and
Distribution Management (4th Edition). London: Charted Institute of
Logistics and Transport.
Saxena, J .(2009). Warehouse Management and Inventory Control, paperback
edition. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.

117
2.4 Learning Areas for Graduate Professional II
Subject Name: Public Procurement Management

Subject Code: G06

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on public procurement management.
(b) To enable learners examine processes and practices of public procurement for effective execution of procurement in the
organization.
(c) To enable learners determine various public procurement reforms in global perspective
(d) To acquaint learners with various standard documents for effective public procurement management.
(e) To enable learners apply knowledge and skills of public procurement management in the organization.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply skills on management of public procurement in business operations.
Table 28: Learning Areas Matrix for Public Procurement Management

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1 1.0 Explain 1.1 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of Public Procurement Public
Public Introduction to of Public management Procurement
Procurement Public Procurement (b) Analyze nature and scope of public management
management Procurement management procurement in relation to private concepts in
concepts as management procurement business
applied in (c) Explain the importance of public operations are
business procurement management explained

118
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
operations 1.1.2 evolution of (a) Describe the concept of evolution of Public
public Procurement management
procurement (b) Explain and analyze Public Procurement
management reforms in global perspective
(c) Discuss the relevance of Public
Procurement reforms in Tanzania
(d) Determine factors influencing Public
Procurement reforms
(e) Discuss challenges emerging in evolution of
public procurement management and
mitigation strategies
1.1.3 procurement (a) Describe the concept of procurement
categories categories
(b) Identify procurement categories
(c) Discuss procurement categories
(d) Determine application of procurement
categories in public procurement process
1.1.4 Procurement (a) Describe the concept of procurement
methods and methods and procedures
procedures (b) Compare and contrast between
procurement methods and procedures
(c) Identify procurement methods and
procedures
(d) Explain factors influencing choice of
procurement methods and procedures
(e) Explain merits and demerits of procurement
methods and procedures.

119
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
2 2.0 Apply legal 2.1 Public 2.1.1 Overview of (a) Describe the concept of public procurement Legal
frameworks in procurement public governance frameworks in
Public governance procurement (b) Identify players and their roles in public public
procurement governance procurement governance procurement
governance (c) Determine principles/pillars of public governance are
procurement governance applied
(d) Discuss challenges and mitigation strategies
for public procurement governance
2.1.2 Legal (a) Describe the legal frameworks governing
frameworks public procurement
governing public (b) Identify legal frameworks governing public
procurement procurement
(c) Discuss application of legal frameworks in
public procurement management
2 3.0 Apply skills 3.1 Tendering 3.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of tendering process Skills in the
in the tendering Process of tendering management tendering
process in Management process (b) Describe the key activities in pre-tendering process in
procurement management process procurement
activities (c) Describe the key activities in tendering activities are
process applied
(d) Describe the key activities in the post
tendering process
(e) Explain the differences and similarities
between tendering process management in
public and private sector.
3.2.2 Key players (a) Describe the formation and composition of
involved in the key players involved in the tendering

120
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
tendering process process management.
management (b) Discuss the roles of key players in the
tendering process management.
(c) Explain the challenges facing key players in
the tendering process management and
mitigation strategies.
5. 3.2.3 Tender (a) Describe the concept of tender documents
documents (b) Describe types of tender documents
(c) Discuss sections and important clauses of
standard bidding documents
(d) Explain the current changes accommodated
in standard bidding documents for public
sector in Tanzania
(e) Prepare and customize various tender
documents
6. 3.2.4 Pre-bid (a) Describe the concept of pre-bid meeting
meeting and site (b) Describe the concept of site visit
visit (c) Identify the participants of pre-bid meeting
(d) Explain the role of pre-bid meeting and site
visit in tendering
(e) Discuss the significance of clarification in
pre-bid meeting and site visit
(f) Prepare pre-bid minutes and reports
7. 3.2.5 Bid opening, (a) Describe the concept of Bid opening,
evaluation and evaluation and contract award
contract award (b) Describe the bid opening steps
(c) Determine formulation of evaluation

121
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
Committee
(d) Discuss contract award procedures
8. 4.0 Apply skills 4.1 e- 4.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of e-Tendering Skills in
in electronic Tendering of e-Tendering management electronic
tendering as the management management (b) Explain the forms of e-Tendering tendering as the
current trend in management current trend in
procurement (c) Differentiate manual from e-Tendering procurement
context management context is
(d) Explain e-Tendering process management applied
(e) Determine the pre-requisites for e-
Tendering process management
(f) Explain the significance of e-Tendering
management
(g) Discuss the drivers and barriers of e-
Tendering management
9. 4.1.2 e-Tendering (a) Identify and describe e-Tendering tools
tools (b) Discuss e-Tendering supportive tools and
software
(c) Determine the web-based tendering tools
(d) Discuss security aspects in e-Tendering
4.2 4.2.1 Procurement (a) Describe the concept of procurement
Introduction to Contract formation contract
Procurement Formation
Contract (b) Analyze the approaches of contract
Management formation
(c) Discuss the essentials for procurement
contract formation

122
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Classify the documents that constitute a
procurement contract
(e) Analyze the fundamental terms and
conditions of a procurement contract
(f) Prepare a procurement contract
4.2.2 Relationship (a) Describe the concept of Relationship
management management
(b) Identify relationship management models
(c) Determine benefits of relationship
management in procurement contract
management
(a) Explain challenges and mitigation strategies
of relationship management in procurement
contract management
(b) Application of relationship management in
procurement contract management.
4.2.3 Procurement (a) Describe the concept of procurement
contract contract administration
administration (b) Discuss the steps in contract administration
(c) Analyze the content of procurement contract
register and its application
(d) Discuss the disputes, claims and mitigation
strategies arises from the procurement
contract management
(e) Examine the contract variation processes
(f) Discuss the process of contract termination
and closure

123
124
 REFERENCES
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). London: Pearson Education
Limited.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (9th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Shukla, N. (2017). e-Contracts, Tenders and Agreements (1st ed.). New Delhi:
Kamal Publishers.
URT. (2011). Public Procurement Act No. 7 of 2011. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT. (2013). Public Procurement Regulations GN 466 of 2013. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT. (2016). Public Procurement (Amendments) Act of 2016. Dar es Salaam:
Government Printer.
URT. (2016). Public Procurement Regulations Amendments GN 333 of 2016
Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.

125
Subject Name: Decision Making Techniques

Subject code: G07

Subject objectives
(a) To provide learners with analytical skills for decision making.
(b) To enable learners apply quantitative tools for problem solving in procurement and supply functions.
(c) To enable learners apply statistical methods and technique to manage inventory.
(d) To apprise learners with appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of Linear programming and Network analysis in
executing procurement and supply functions

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Decision Making Techniques in Procurement and Supply Operations
Table 29: Learning Areas Matrix for Decision Techniques
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0. Apply decision 1.1 Statistical (a) Describe the nature and scope of Statistical analysis is
making analysis probability clearly applied in
techniques and (b) Explain the rules of basic probability procurement and
skills in (c) Develop probability distribution by supply functions
procurement 1.1.1 Probability tossing a coin 3 times
and supply theory (d) Calculate expected value of probability
functions (e) Apply expected value in decision
making
(f) Calculate variance of probability
(g) Apply probability theories in decision
126
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
making
(a) Describe the concept of decision
theory
(b) Analyze decision environment
(c) Compute competitive and probability
decision models to reach the decision.
(d) Determine the states of nature and
payoff table
1.1.2 Decision (e) Apply the expected value to reach the
theory decision
(f) Calculate the expected value under
perfect information and value of
perfect information
(g) Apply the decision tree to determine
the best alternative
(h) Apply the decision theory in real life
situations
(a) Describe the concepts and purposes of
regression and correlation analysis
(b) Express independent and dependent
variables and their application in
1.1.3 Regression
regression and correlation analysis
and correlation
(c) Use scatter diagrams to explain types
analysis
of relationship that exist between two
variables
(d) Compute regression equation
(e) Use regression equation to estimate

127
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
value of dependent variable from the
value of independent variables
(f) Calculate product moment coefficient
of correlation and rank correlation
coefficient
(g) Apply regression and correlation in
business
(a) Describe the concept of time series
analysis
(b) Explain the nature and scope of time
series
(c) Determine the methods of extracting
trend components by using additive
1.1.4 Time series model and multiplicative model
analysis (d) Calculate trend values by using moving
average methods
(e) Compute trend values by using least
square method
(f) Compute seasonal variations for
forecasting
(g) Apply time series in decision making
1.2 Linear (a) Describe the concept of linear Linear programming
programming programming are properly applied
1.2.1 Introduction
(b) Formulate linear programming models in procurement and
to linear
(c) Use various methods to solve linear supply functions
programming
programming problems

128
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Apply linear programing for various
decision making
(a) Describe the concepts of transportation
and assignment
(b) Determine the scope of transportation
in route and scheduling
(c) Explain requirements of a
transportation problem
(d) Compute initial solutions of
1.2.2
transportation problem.
Transportation
(e) Apply stepping stone method and
and assignment
Modified Distribution to get optimal
solution
(f) Describe the assignment algorithms
(g) Solve assignment problem by using
Hungarian method for decision making
(h) Apply transportation model in decision
making
(a) Describe the concept of queuing theory
(b) Determine the nature and scope of
queuing system
(c) Explain operating characteristics of
1.2.3 Queuing
queuing theory
theory
(d) Solve single channel (server) queuing
system
(e) Develop Queuing cost model
(f) Apply queuing theory in decision

129
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
making
1.3. Network (a) Describe the concept of network Network analysis is
analysis analysis properly applied in
(b) Construct a network diagram procurement and
(c) Perform network calculations on supply functions
duration: Earliest Start time (EST),
Latest Start Time (LST), and Latest
start time and calculate duration of the
project
1.3.1 Introduction
(d) Calculate different types of floats of an
to Network
activity
analysis
(e) Apply performance evaluation Review
Technique (PERT) to analyze network
(f) Apply crashing procedure to reduce
project duration
(g) Apply Gantt chart to allocate network
resources
(h) Apply network analysis in decision
making
(a) Describe the concept of location
technique for operations
1.3.2 Location (b) Describe the weighted score method
technique for for comparing alternative locations
operations (c) Describe the Center of gravity in
determining geographic location
(d) Compute a break-even analysis
(e) Determine location break-even

130
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
analysis for cost-volume decision
(f) Compute a standard time procedure
from normal time
(g) Apply location technique for operations

131
 REFERENCES

Chandra, A. (2010) Management Decision Making. School of Management

Studies, IGNOU Study Material, Printed (2008).
economy. International Journal of research and Development Studies, 8(1), 1-
21.
Mukherjee, SP (2021). Decision-making: Concepts, Methods and Techniques.
Sage Publications pvt Ltd,New Delhi India.
Obi, J. N. & Agwu, E. (2017). Effective decision-making and organizational
goal achievement in a depressed
Obi, J.N. (2014). “Decision-making Strategy”. In C.P. Maduabum (Ed.)
Contemporary Issues on Management in Organizations of Readings
(Chapter 6, p.63). Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
Obi, J.N. (2016). Essential Issues for Successful Executive Decision-Making in
the 21st Century. International Journal of Social Science and
Management Development, Vo.7, no.2, 2016.
Sanjeev Swami (2013) - Executive functions and decision making: A managerial
review, IIMB Management Review (2013) 25, 203-212.
Wiley, H.N.J (2011). Quantitative Methods: An Introduction for Business
Management. Paolo Brandimarte Paolo Brandimarte Uk.

132
 Subject Name: Business Ethics and Professionalism

Subject code: G08

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in business ethics and professionalism.
(b) To enable learners apply principles of business ethical concepts in procurement and supply chain management functions.
(c) To enable learners address ethical compliance challenges facing the procurement and supply functions and their mitigation
strategies.
(d) To enable learners, apply appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of professionalism dealing with business operations.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply business ethics and professionalism in procuring goods.
Table 30: Learning Areas Matrix for Business Ethics and Professionalism

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Describe 1.1 Basics of 1.1.1 (a) Describe the concept of business ethics Ethical concepts,
1. ethical business ethics Introduction to (b) Differentiate ethical behavior from unethical principles and
concepts, and business ethics behavior professionalism to
principles and professionalism (c) Explain various types and sources of ethics appreciate
professionalism (d) Determine approaches to ethics importance of ethics
to appreciate (e) Describe various ethical principles in business in business
importance of operations operations are
ethics in (f) Explain ethical issues in business described.
business environment
operations. (g) Describe the importance of business ethics
133
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of professionalism
Introduction to (b) Analyze the attributes of professionalism
professionalism (c) Explain the stages of development of a
professional
(d) Discuss the norms of becoming a professional
(e) Determine the challenges and mitigation
strategies of professionalism in Tanzania
2 2.1 2.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of procurement ethics
Procurement overview of (b) Explain the core values and norms of
ethics procurement procurement ethics
ethics (c) Describe the role of professional
competencies in promoting procurement
ethics
(d) Discuss the role of institutions in promoting
procurement ethics
(e) Explain the importance of procurement ethics
(f) Discuss challenges of adhering to
procurement ethics and its mitigation
strategies
2.1.2 Public (a) Describe the ethical concept of public
procurement procurement ethics
ethics (b) Explain the principles governing public
procurement ethics
(c) Analyze the types of conflicts of interest with
reference to professional code of ethics and
conduct
(d) Determine illegal acts and professional

134
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
malpractices
(e) Discuss challenges of adhering to public
procurement ethics and its mitigation
strategies
3 3.1 Legislations 3.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of legislation governing
governing overview of procurement ethics
procurement legislations (b) Determine various legislations governing
ethics governing procurement ethics
procurement (c) Apply legislations governing procurement
ethics ethics in business operations
3.2.2 (a) Describe the concepts of procurement code of
Procurement ethics and conducts
code of ethics (b) Identify the relevant provisions of procurement
and conducts code of ethics and conducts
(c) Apply the provisions of procurement code of
ethics and conducts in business operations
3.2.3 (a) Describe the concept of procurement ethical
Procurement compliance
ethical (b) Discuss the rationale of ethical compliance in
compliance procurement operations
(c) Explain the challenges of procurement ethical
compliance
(d) Describe mitigation strategies for ethical
compliance and professionalism inclinations

135
 REFERENCES

Arthur L. C., James J. M., & Daniel P. R. (2015). Replacement Parts: The Ethics
of Procuring and Replacing Organs in Humans (1st Edition).
Georgetown University Press.
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th Edition.). Pearson Education
Limited.
Faustino, T. (2010). Strategic Procurement and Sourcing: Value Analysis,
Ethics, Solid Contracts. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
Flynn, M., Buffington, K. W., & Pennington, R. (2020). Legal aspects of public
procurement. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
Katie, J. G. (2021). Futureproofing Procurement: The Importance of an Ethical
and Sustainable Approach. Business Expert Press.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (9th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Margaret, G. (2017). Contract Matters: Procurement and Ethics. Kindle Edition.
Terrence, M. O. (2011). Federal Procurement Ethics: The Complete Legal
Guide. Management Concepts Press.

136
 Subject Name: Business Consulting Skills

Subject Code: G09

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on Business consulting
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on consultancy bidding aspects and data management in business operations.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge and skills on effective consulting in procurement contract,
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of consulting business development and operating.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply business consulting skills in business operations.

Table 31: Learning Areas Matrix for Business Consulting Skills

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of business consulting Business consulting as
(b) Explain the forms or types of consulting applied in business
businesses operations is explained
1.0 Explain
(c) Explain the reasons of hiring business
business 1.1.1 An
1.1 Introduction consultants
consulting as overview of
1 to Business (d) Describe the applicability of business
applied in business
Consulting consulting as an area of expertise
business consulting
(e) Describe the applicability of management
operations
consulting as an area of expertise
(f) Differentiate between business consulting
and management consulting
137
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(g) Describe the business consulting cycle

(a) Describe the concept of ethics as applied in

business consulting
(b) Explain the ethics and etiquettes of
1.1.2 Ethics in consulting business
business (c) Describe the importance of adhering to
consulting ethical conducts in business consulting
(d) Explain the professional practices in
business consulting

(a) Describe the concept of formation of Business creation and

business consulting development process
(b) Explain the business consulting formation are described
2.1.1 Formation
process
of business
(c) Discuss the sources of business
consulting
opportunities and ideas
2.0 Describe
(d) Explain the motives for business consulting
business 2.1 Consulting
establishment
2 creation and business
(a) Describe the concepts of consultant and the
development development
consulting profession
process 2.1.2
(b) Describe the personal characteristics of a
Developing
consultant
consultant and
(c) Identify the procedures of career
the consulting
development for professional consultant
profession
(d) Describe the concept of training and
development of consultants
138
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of business consulting
environment
(b) Explain the factors for establishing business
consulting
2.1.3 Business (c) Discuss the common challenges and
consulting mitigation strategies in business consulting
environment environment
(d) Explain the business consulting
environmental analysis
(e) Discuss the process of nurturing and
mentoring of a consultant
(a) Describe the concept of financing as applied Aspects of operating a
in business consulting consulting business are
3.1.1 Financing
(b) Explain the sources of financing in a explained
a consulting
business consulting
business
3.0 Explain (c) Explain challenges of acquiring finances in
aspects of 3.1 Operating a business consulting
3 running a Consulting (a) Describe the concept of human resources
consulting Business 3.1.2 Human management in business consulting
business resources (b) Determine the qualities of a consultant
aspects in (c) Explain formation of a consulting team
consulting (principal investigators and assistants, etc.)
business (d) Discuss the importance of human resources
management in business consulting

139
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of alliances in business
consulting
(b) Explain the role of associateship and
3.1.3 Alliances alliances in business consulting
in consulting (c) Explain the reasons for alliances in business
consulting
(d) Discuss the factors affecting alliances in
business consulting
(a) Describe the concept of quality control as
applied in business consulting
Quality control
(b) Examine the quality control mechanisms in
in consulting
business consulting
business
(c) Appraise the role of consultants and clients
in ensuring quality of provided services
(a) Describe the concept of marketing business Marketing of consulting
consulting services in business
4.0 Apply
4.1.1 An (b) Explain the principles of marketing business context is applied
marketing of
4.1 Marketing overview of consulting services
consulting
4 of consulting marketing of (c) Discuss the applicability of the marketing mix
services in
business consulting in business consulting
business
business (d) Explain the ways of locating clients
context
(e) Evaluate the concept of product life cycle in
business consulting

140
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of customer
relationship management as applied in
business consulting
4.1.2 Customer (b) Describe the client relationship management
relationship in business consulting
management (c) Explain the management of clients with
different behaviours
(d) Explain ways to ensure trust in client-
consultant relationship
Data management and
(a) Describe the concept of data management
reporting in business
(b) Discuss the types and data sources
5.1.1 Data consulting is applied
(c) Explain the methods and tools of data
management
collection
5.0 Apply data (d) Demonstrate data processing and analysis
management 5.1 Data
5 and reporting in management
business and reporting (a) Describe the concept of consulting report
consulting (b) Describe the types of reports in consulting
5.1.2 Consulting assignment
report (c) Explain the significance of consulting repots
(d) Explain the activities in report writing and
aspects of presentation

141
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of pre-bidding as Aspects of bidding in
applied in business consulting business consulting are
(b) Analyze the terms of reference and its applied
application in problem diagnosis
6.1.1 Pre-
(c) Explain the practices of expression of
bidding
interest and pre-qualification in business
consulting
consulting
6.0 Apply (d) Discuss the practices in the preparation of
aspects of 6.1 Bidding request for proposals (technical and financial
6 bidding in aspects in proposals etc).
business consultancy (a) Describe the concept of post-bidding as
consulting applied in business consulting
(b) Explain the activities of technical and
6.1.2 Post- financial proposals evaluation;
bidding (c) Analyze the practices in negotiations and
consulting post-qualification
(d) Explain the prerequisites for contracting and
contract management aspects in business
consulting

142
 REFERENCES
Biggs, D. (2010). Management Consulting: A Guide for Students. Andover:
Cengage Learning
Dutta, K. (2012). Brand Management, Principles and Practices. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
Kipping, M. and Clark, T. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Management
Consulting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2011). Principles of Marketing. London: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
Kuratko, D. F. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process and Practice. Mason-
OH: Cengage Learning.
Larry K., Kim S., and Donald W. (2015). Advertising Media Planning: A Brand
Management Approach. New York: Routledge.
Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C. (2014), Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Management. London: Prentice Hall.
Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C. (2014). Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Management. London: Prentice Hall.
Matthews, C. and Brueggemann, R. (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
New York: Routledge..
McMakin, T & Fletcher, D. (2018). How Clients Buy: A Practical Guide to
Business Development for Consulting and Professional Services (1st
ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley.
O’Mahoney, J. and Markham, C. (2013). Management Consultancy. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

143
Subject Name: Asset Management

Code: G10

Subject Objectives

(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on asset management.

(b) To appraise principles and strategies involved in assets management.
(c) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on assets planning and automation.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate principles and strategies of asset management for effective management of assets in the
organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Assets Management Techniques in Organizations
Table 35: Learning Areas Matrix for Assets Management
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Explain assets 1. 1.1 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of asset Fundamentals of
management Fundamentals of of asset management assets management
techniques and assets management (b) Explain the nature and scope of assets is clearly described in
strategies in management management organization
organization (c) Discuss the principles of assets
management
(d) Describe asset life cycle
(e) Discuss the rationale of asset management
(f) Integrate organizational functions with asset
management

144
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Acquisition (a) Describe the concepts of acquisition and
and development development of asset
of assets (b) Discuss the asset acquisition and
development options in organizations
(c) Assess strategic fit between corporate
objectives and asset management
strategy
(d) Analyze risks and risk Management
approaches for acquisition options
(e) Assess asset safety, Compatibility and
Environmental Concerns
1.2 Asset 1.2.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of asset Asset management
Management to asset management planning planning is discussed
planning management (b) Discuss the asset management planning in organization
planning process
(c) Describe the total asset management
planning
(d) Explain the importance of asset
management planning in organization
(e) Prepare asset management plan
1.2.2 Demand (a) Describe the concepts of demand
forecasting and forecasting and expenditure planning in
capital expenditure Asset management
planning (b) Determine the demand and supply of
Assets in the market
(c) Compute the costs associated with
demand levels of assets

145
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Appraise the investment options in
assets
(e) Discuss the cost and benefit analysis of
Asset
(f) Determine the total cost of ownership
(TCO) and life cycle costing of asset in
the organization
1.2.3 Asset (a) Describe the concept of asset
performance performance measurement
measurement (b) Determine the key performance
indicators for asset performance
measurement
(c) Explain the ways of measuring asset
performance
(d) Explain the factors affecting asset
performance measurement
1.3 Asset 1.3.1 Legal and (a) Describe the concept of legal and Asset management
management institutional institutional framework in asset management governance is
Governance framework in asset (b) Discuss legal framework governing public properly applied in
management assets management organization
(c) Discuss institutional tools governing assets
management
(d) Explain the role and functions of the
Institutions governing Asset managements
(e) Develop asset register
1.3.2 Verification of a) Describe the concept of Assets
assets verification

146
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
b) Explain the purpose of asset verification
c) Determine the procedures of conducting
Assets verification
d) Discus the relevance of Asset verification
in an organization
1.3.3 Asset a) Describe the concept of Assets valuation,
valuation b) Explain the purpose of assets valuation,
c) Determine the methods of conducting Assets
Valuation,
d) Determine the value of an asset
e) Discuss the significance of valuation of
assets in an organization
1.3.4 Disposal of a) Describe the concept of Disposal of Assets,
assets b) Determine the methods of Disposing an
Asset
c) Discuss the reasons for disposing assets
d) Discuss the cost implications of disposal of
asset
e) Prepare asset disposal guidelines
1.3.5 Asset a) Describe the concept of asset
management management automation
automation b) Identify various assets management
software
c) Explain features of asset management
automation
d) Explain the role of Information System in
asset management

147
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
e) Analyze the application of assets
management automation

148
 REFERENCES
Antony, N. and Hasting, J. (2009). Physical Asset Management ( 2nd Edition).
Springer Publisher.Australia.
Arcuri, M.C (2019). Asset Management: Strategies, Opportunities and
Challenges.Business, Technology , New York.
Balzer, G & Schorn, C. (2022). Asset Management for Infrastructure Systems:
Energy and Water (2nd ed.). Switzerland: Springer Nature.
Deadman, C. (2010). Strategic Assets Management ( 1st Edition). Troubador
Publishing Ltd, Uk.
Deadman, C. (2010). Strategic assets management (1st Edition). Troubador
Publishing Ltd .
Ford, G. L., Ancell, G., Hill, E. S., Levine, J., Reali, C., Rijks, E., & Sanchis, G.
(2022). Business Case Development for Support of Asset Management
Investment. In Power System Assets: Investment, Management,
Methods and Practices (pp. 201-241). Cham: Springer International
Publishing.
Higham, A., Challender, J., & Watts, G. (2022). Introduction to Built Asset
Management. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Lloyd, C. (2009). Asset Management: Whole Life management. Thomas Telford
Publishing, Uk.
Lloyd, C. (2009). Asset Management: Whole Life management. Thomas Telford
Publishing.
Mohammadi, A., & Amador Jimenez, L. (2022). Introduction to Asset
Management for Infrastructure. In Asset Management Decision-Making
For Infrastructure Systems (pp. 1-17). Springer, Cham.
Naqvi, A. (2021). Artificial Intelligence for Asset Management and Investment: A
Strategic Perspective. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Peurose, H. (2008). Physical Asset Management for the Executive. Success by
Design Press.
Peurose, H. (2008). Physical Asset Management for the Executive. Success by
Design Press.
Velmurugan, R. S., & Dhingra, T. (2021). Asset Maintenance Strategic Plan for
Operational Excellence. In Asset Maintenance Management in
Industry (pp. 137-158). Springer, Cham.
149
2.5 Learning Areas for Graduate Professional III
Subject Name: Financial Management

Subject Code: G11

Subject Objectives

(a) To equip learners with Capital and Financial structure knowledge and skills
(b) To equip learners with financial analysis knowledge and skills for planning and forecasting financial needs in business
operations,
(c) To acquaint learners with foreign exchange risk management knowledge and skills on in hedging against exchange-related
risks in procurement transactions,
(d) To enable learners, apply appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of financial markets and their roles negotiation in
business operations.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply financial management skills in analyzing various projects and organizational performance
Table 33: Learning Areas Matrix for Financial Management
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Explain 1.1 (a) Describe the concepts of financial
The role of financial
the role of Introductio management
management and
financial n to 1.1.1 An overview of (b) Explain the role of financial management
1 environments of
management financial financial management (c) Describe the importance of financial
financial management
and managem management
are explained
environments ent (d) Explain the managerial decisions of

150
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
of financial financial management
management (a) Describe the concept of financial
management environments
1.1.2 Financial (b) Explain various financial management
management environments
environments (c) Describe financial systems
(d) Explain financial institutions
(e) Describe how financial systems interact
(a) Describe the concept of financial goal of a
firm
(b) Determine the goal of firm in the context
of profit and wealth maximization and its
limitations
1.1.3 Financial goal of a
(c) Explain shareholders wealth maximization
firm
goal of firm
(d) Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of shareholders wealth
maximization goal over profit
maximization goal

151
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES

(a) Describe the concept of short-term sources

of finance
(b) Explain the reasons for using short-term
sources of finance
(c) Describe various types of short-term
2.1.1 Short-term sources
sources of finance
of finance
(d) Explain the differences and similarities
between various sources of short-term
2.0 Explain
sources of finance
various Various sources of
2.1 (e) Describe the factors influencing access to
sources of business finance for
Sources of short-term sources of finance
2 business project financing are
Business
finance for (a) Describe the concept of long-term explained
Finance
project sources of finance
financing (b) Explain the reasons for using long-term
sources of finance
(c) Discuss various types of long-term
2.1.2 Long-term sources
sources of finance
of finance
(d) Explain the differences and similarities
between various sources of long-term
sources of finance
(e) Describe the factors influencing access to
long-term sources of finance

152
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concepts of internal and
external sources of finance
2.1.3 Internal and (b) Identify internal and external sources of
external sources of finance
finance (c) Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of internal and external
sources of finance
(a) Explain the concept of investment
(b) Describe the different bases used to classify
investment
3.1.1 Introduction to
(c) Explain the different types of investments
investment
(e.g. direct, indirect, financial; etc.)
(d) Explain the importance of investment for an
3.0 Apply
organization
various
investment (a) Describe the concept of investment Various investment
appraisal 3.1 appraisal appraisal techniques
3 techniques in Investment (b) Explain characteristics of long-term capital in analyzing viability of
analyzing Decisions investment decisions investment projects
viability of (c) Describe the framework of capital are applied
budgeting decisions
investment 3.1.2 Investment
(d) Analyze the basic principles of capital
projects appraisal
budgeting
(e) Appraise the investments using traditional
techniques for investment appraisal
(ARR, PBP etc.)
(f) Appraise investments by using modern
techniques for investment appraisal
153
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(NPV, PI, IRR DPBP etc.)

(a) Describe the concept of capital budgeting

(b) Determine the mutually exclusive and
independent projects
(c) Explain the externalities in project
investment
3.1.3 Capital budgeting (d) Describe the capital rationing in
investment
(e) Discuss the factors affecting capital
budgeting
(f) Demonstrate investment appraisal under
risk assumption condition
(a) Explain the capital and financial structure
(b) Distinguish between capital and financial
4.1.1 Capital and
structure
4.0 Apply financial structure
(c) Identify factors influencing capital structure
capital decisions
structure Capital structure
4.1 Capital (a) Describe the concept of cost of capital
theories and theories and
structure (b) Explain the uses of cost capital
4 techniques in techniques in
and cost of (c) Describe various components of cost of
analyzing analyzing financial
capital capital
financial soundness of a firm
4.1.2 Cost of capital (d) Compute the component cost of capital
soundness of are applied
(e) Compute the weighted average cost of
a firm
capital (WACC)
(f) Explain the challenges of computing cost of
capital
154
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of capital structure
determination
(b) Evaluate appropriate options for financing
projects based on a given business
scenario
(c) Determine the situations in which
4.1.3 Capital structure company’s overall cost of capital and
determination project cost of capital are used as
valuation and decision tools
(d) Discuss the relevance of capital structure
in evaluating the going concern of an
entity
(e) Evaluate the operational and financial
gearing
5.0 Apply (a) Describe the concepts of risk and return
5.1
Portfolio analysis
Portfolio
Theory and (b) Determine the relationship between risk Portfolio Theory and
Theory
Capital Asset and return Capital Asset Pricing
and 5.1.1 Risk and return
5 Pricing (c) Explain the types of risks Models in analyzing
Capital analysis
Models in (d) Explain the principle of diversification of risks and returns of
Asset
analyzing risks assets are applied.
Pricing
risks and (e) Identify portfolio in investment
Models
returns of (f) Construct simple investment portfolio

155
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
assets (a) Describe the concept of Asset pricing
(b) Determine factors affecting capital asset
pricing
(c) Explain Capital Asset Pricing Model
(CAPM)
(d) Explain Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT)
5.1.2 Asset pricing (e) Explain the concept of risky and risk-free
assets
(f) Compute risks and returns using CAPM
and APT
(g) Illustrate the Security Market Line (SML),
Capital Market Line (CML) and Efficient
Frontier
(a) Describe the concept of investor
constraints
(b) Determine the objectives and constraints
5.1.3 Investor's
of individual investors
constraints
(c) Explain risk-averseness and risk lover
(d) Describe the evaluation of projects on the
basis of their total risk

156
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concepts of dividend policies
and approach
(b) Explain the different dividend policies
(c) Describe the factors influencing dividend
6.0 Apply 6.1.1 Dividend policies policies
Corporate and approach (d) Determine the alternative dividend
Dividend 6.1 Corporate Dividend
policies that companies can adopt
Theories and Corporate Theories and Policies
(e) Discuss the significance of dividend
Policies in Dividend in analyzing dividend
6 policies in business operations
analyzing Theories decisions in an
(f) Classify dividend approaches
dividend and organization are
decisions in Policies (a) Describe the concept of dividend theory applied
an (b) Explain different dividend theories
organization (c) Evaluate the various arguments put
6.1.2 Dividend theories forward by different schools of thoughts
about dividend theories
(d) Apply various dividend models in
computing and interpreting share prices
(a) Describe the concept of financial analysis
7. 0 Apply
(b) Explain the framework of financial
tools for
7.1 statement analysis Tools for financial
financial
Financial (c) Determine the financial ratios in financial analysis in planning
analysis in 7.1.1 Overview of
7 Analysis statements and forecasting
planning and financial analysis
and (d) Discuss the purposes and uses of financial needs are
forecasting
Planning financial ratio analysis applied
financial
(e) Determine the users of financial
needs
statements

157
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concepts of classification
and interpretation of financial ratios
(b) Explain various financial ratios
(c) Compute different types of financial ratios
(d) Explain yard stick used in ratio analysis
7.1.2 Classification and
(e) Describe the concept of working capital
Interpretation of financial
cycle/cash operating cycle
ratios
(f) Describe trend/time series analysis of
ratios
(g) Describe industrial analysis of ratios
(h) Explain the limitations of financial ratio
analysis
(a) Describe the concept of financial
forecasting
(b) Explain the importance of financial
7.1.3 Financial forecasting
forecasting (c) Describe various approaches used in
financial forecasting
(d) Explain the working capital management
in financing activities
8.0 Explain (a) Describe the concept of financial markets Financial markets and
financial 8.1 (b) Determine financial institutions
8.1.1 Overview of their roles in an
8 markets and Financial (c) Explain the functions of financial markets
financial markets economy are
their roles in Markets (d) Discuss the economic importance of explained
an economy financial markets

158
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Identify classes of financial markets
(b) Explain the capital and money markets
(c) Explain types of capital markets (i.e.
8.1.2 Classes of primary market & secondary market)
financial markets (d) Explain the functions of each type of
capital market
(e) Explain financial instruments in money
markets
(a) Describe the concept of stock exchange
market
(b) Explain the functions of stock exchange
market
(c) Explain various stock market
terminologies (e.g. bulls, speculators,
8.1.3 he Stock exchange
brokers, etc.
market
(d) Analyze the economic role of stock
market
(e) Explain the listing rules and requirements
of companies to stock exchange
(f) Describe the trading mechanism at Dar es
Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)

159
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES

(a) Describe the concept of capital market

8.1.4 The Capital market authorities
Authorities (b) Explain the role of Capital Markets and
Securities Authority (CMSA) of Tanzania
(c) Explain the reasons of regulating financial
sector
(a) Describe the concept of foreign exchange
market
(b) Explain Characteristics of foreign
exchange market
(c) Explain the functions of foreign exchange
9.0 Apply Market
9.1.1 Foreign exchange
foreign (d) Describe the structure of the foreign
9.1 markets
exchange risk exchange Market Foreign exchange risk
Foreign
management (e) Analyze the types of transactions & management skills in
exchange
9 skills in settlements in FOREX market hedging against
risk
hedging (f) Describe the exchange rate systems exchange-related
managem
against (g) Analyze the factors influencing exchange risks are applied
ent
exchange- rates
related risks (a) Describe the concept of foreign exchange
exposure
9.1.2 Foreign exchange (b) Explain the types of foreign exchange
exposure risks
(c) Discuss the factors influencing foreign
exchange exposure
160
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of hedging
(b) Explain foreign exchange rates
forecasting
(c) Describe types of internal and external
9.1.3 Hedging
hedging techniques
(d) Distinguish between sport price and strike
price
(e) Compute spot and forward price values

161
 REFERENCES
Bracker, K., Lin, F., & Pursley, J. (2018). Business finance essentials.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329222662

Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., & Allen, A. (2014). Principles of Corporate Finance.
McGraw- Hill Education

Madura, J., & Fox, R. (2011). International Financial Management (2nd Edition).
Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA.

Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., & Jaffe, J. (2010). Corporate Finance (9th
Edition). Irwin: McGraw Hill.

Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., & Jordan, B. D. (2012). Fundamentals of

Corporate Finance (9th Edition.). Irwin: McGraw Hill.

Ross, S.A., Drew, M., & Walk, A. (2016). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
(7th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education Australia

Srivastava, R. and Misra, A. (2010). Financial management (6th Edition). New

Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Van Horne, J. C., & Wachowicz, J. M. Jr. (2012). Fundamentals of Financial

Management (13th Edition). New Delhi: PHI Learning.

Watson, D. and Head, A. (2010). Corporate Finance: Principles and practice ( 5th
Edition). Harlow: FT Prentice Hall-Pearson Education Ltd.

Wood, F., & Sangster, A. (2012). Business Accounting (12th Edition.). Edinburgh:
Pearson Education Limited.

162
Subject Name: Business Research Methods

Subject Code: G12

Subject Objectives

(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in business research methods.
(b) To acquaint and enable learners apply research report writing skills in preparing research reports for related with procurement
and supplies functions.
(c) To enable learners apply business research skills in procurement and supplies research and assignments.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of sampling techniques and data management in
conducting business research.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Business Research Methods and Skills in Business Operations

Table 34: Learning Areas Matrix for Business Research Methods

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1. 1.0 Apply basic 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of business Basic concepts of
concepts of to business overview of research research
research research business (b) Explain the types and approaches of methodology in
methodology in methods research business research conducting
conducting (c) Describe the objectives of conducting business research
business business research are applied.
research (d) Explain the importance of business
research in decision making

163
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(e) Discuss the limitations and challenges of
business research
1.1.2 Research (a) Describe the concept of research process
process (b) Identify the stages of research process
(c) Apply the phases of research process in
conducting business research
2. 2.1 Research 2.1.1 A (a) Describe the concept of a research
proposal research problem
development problem (b) Explain the sources of a research
problem
(c) Determine the features of a good
research problem
(d) Describe the procedures for formulating a
research problem
(e) Formulate research problem
2.1.2 Literature (a) Describe the concept of literature review
review (b) Explain the importance of literature
review
(c) Explain the types of literature review
(d) Describe the conceptual framework and
related variables
2.1.3 Business (a) Describe the concept of business
research research proposal
proposal (b) Determine the contents of the business
research proposal
(c) Prepare business research proposal
3. 3.0 Apply 3.1 Research 3.1.1 Research (a) Describe the concept of research design, Sampling

164
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
sampling designs and designs (b) Explain the types of research design techniques skills in
techniques skills sampling (c) Determine the features of good research conducting
in conducting techniques design. business research
business (d) Describe the importance of research are applied.
research. design
3.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of sampling
Sampling technique
techniques (b) Identify various types of sampling
techniques
(c) Discuss the key steps of each sampling
techniques
(d) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of sampling techniques
4. 4.0 Apply 4.1 4.1.1 (a) Describe the concept of measurement Research skills in
research skills Measurement Measurement scales in business research managing research
in managing scales and data scales (b) Discuss the types of measurement scales data are applied.
research data management in business research
(c) Apply the measurement scales in
business research
4.1.2 Data (a) Describe the concept of data collection
collection methods
methods (b) Identify various data collection methods
and tools
(c) Explain the sources of data
(d) Apply the tools for data collection
(e) Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of data collection methods

165
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.3 Data (a) Describe the concepts of data reliability
reliability and and validity
validity (b) Explain the types of reliability and validity
(c) Outline various ways to test reliability and
validity in business research
4.1.4 Data (a) Describe the concepts of data analysis
analysis and and interpretation
interpretation (b) Determine the main types of data
analysis and interpretation
(c) Apply data analysis skills in business
research
5. 5.0 Apply writing 5.1 Ethical 5.1.1 Ethical (a) Describe the concept of ethical Research report
research report consideration consideration in consideration as applied in business writing skills for
skills in and Report business research writing research
preparing writing research (b) Explain the ethical obligations in report are applied.
research reports conducting business research
(c) Identify unethical practices in conducting
business research
5.1.2 An (a) Describe the concept of research report
overview of writing
research report (b) Explain the purposes of research report
writing (c) Discuss the uses of research reports
(d) Determine the contents of a research
report
(e) Write a research report

166
 REFERENCES
Bell, E. (2022). Business research methods. London: Oxford University press.

Christofi, M., Pereira, V., Vrontis, D., Tarba, S., & Thrassou, A. (2021). Agility
and flexibility in international business research: A comprehensive review
and future research directions. Journal of World Business, 56(3), 101194.

Easterby-Smith, M., Jaspersen, L. J., Thorpe, R., & Valizade, D.

(2021). Management and business research. Sage.

Greenfield, T., & Greener, S. (Eds.). (2016). Research methods for

postgraduates. John Wiley & Sons.

Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019). Essentials of business research
methods. New Delhi: Routledge.

Lyon, F., Mšllering, G., & Saunders, M. N. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of research
methods on trust. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Quinlan, C., Babin, B., Carr, J., & Griffin, M. (2019). Business research methods.
London: South Western Cengage.

Saunders, M. N., & Rojon, C. (2011). On the attributes of a critical literature

review. An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, 4(2),
156-162.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill
building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

167
 Subject Name: Inventory Management

Subject Code: G13

Subject Objectives

(a) To equip learners with knowledge and competences in relation to the management of physical stocks and related inventory in
supply management.
(b) (ii) To enable learners examine in depth the economies of good flow systems and sound accountability of inventories thus
avoiding stock outs and overstocking.
(c) To apprise learners with suitable Information systems for effective Inventory Management in an organization.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate principles and techniques in inventory management.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Inventory Management Skills in Business Operations.

Table 34: Learning Areas Matrix for Inventory Management
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Explain
(a) Describe the concept of inventory Concepts of
concepts of
1.1.1 An management inventory
inventory 1.1 Introduction
overview of (b) Determine the classes of inventories management as
1 management as to Inventory
inventory (c) Explain the reasons for holding inventories applied in business
applied in management
management (d) Discuss the importance of inventories in operations are
business
operations of the organization explained.
operations
168
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of inventory
management principles
(b) Explain various principles of inventory
1.1.2 Principles
management
of inventory
(c) Apply various principles of inventory
management
management in business operations
(d) Discuss the challenges of inventory
management and its mitigation strategies

(a) Describe the concept of inventory forecasting

(b) Explain the inventory forecasting
requirements
2.1.1 Inventory (c) Determine the forecasting approaches
forecasting (d) Discuss the role of forecasting in inventory
2.0 Apply management
Inventory
inventory (e) Forecast inventory demand with seasonality
2.1 Inventory management
management and trend in business operations
2 management planning in business
planning in
planning operations is
business
applied.
operations (a) Describe the concepts of inventory
scheduling and budgeting
2.1.2 Inventory
(b) Describe the inventory aggregate planning
scheduling and
(c) Determine the ways for demand planning
budgeting
(d) Explain the effects of inventory forecasting
on budgeting

169
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of stock holding policy
3.1.1
(b) Explain the importance of stock holding
Introduction to
policy
stock holding
(c) Explain the factors affecting stock holding
policy
policy
3.0Apply
Determination of
determination of (a) Describe the concept of stock costs
3.1 stockholding policy
stockholding (b) Identify types of stock costs
Determination 3.1.2 stock in managing
3 policy in (c) Explain the ways of managing stock costs
of stock holding costs inventories in
managing (d) Determine the economic benefits, constraints
policy organization is
inventories in and techniques of zero stock
applied.
organization
(a) Describe the concept of customer
expectations
3.1.3 Customer (b) Analyze the customer expectation, supply
expectations market condition, stock holding risks; and
(c) Describe the categories of inventory risk and
their expectation
(a) Describe the concept of inventory ordering
4.0 Apply 4.1.1 system;
Inventory ordering
inventory ordering 4.1 Inventory Introduction to (b) Determine the inventory ordering process
systems in business
4 systems in ordering inventory (c) Explain the types of inventory ordering
organizations are
business systems ordering systems
applied.
organizations. systems (d) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of inventory ordering system

170
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concepts of independent and
4.1.2 dependent demands
Independent (b) Explain the techniques for dealing with
and dependent independent and dependent demand
demand (c) Determine the challenges of dealing with
independent and dependent demand
(a) Describe the concepts of economic Order
Quantity and reorder levels
(b) Determine the different approaches for
5.1.1 Economic EOQ, EBQ;
order quantity (c) Calculate the EOQ and the associated
and reorder costs
5.0 Apply
levels (d) Describe the re-order levels, sensitivity
economic Economic ordering
5.1 Economic analysis
ordering and and production
ordering and (e) Determine the effects of discounts in
5 production quantity in business
production reorder levels
quantity in organizations are
quantity
business (a) Describe the concept of inventory costs applied.
organizations (b) Determine ordering and carrying costs
5.1.2
(c) Analyze cost of being out of stock, cost of
Determination
holding stock
of inventory
(d) Explain the procedures of safety stock
costs
(e) Discuss the effects of inventory costs on
the business operations

171
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of inventory
management techniques
6.1.1
(b) Explain different inventory management
Introduction to
techniques
inventory
(c) Determine the conditions for applicability of
management
inventory management technique
techniques
(d) Explain the advantages and disadvantages
of inventory management techniques
(a) Describe the concepts of stocktaking and
verification
6.0 Apply (b) Discuss the stocktaking and verification Inventory
inventory 6.1 Inventory processes management
management Management 6.1.2 techniques in
6 (c) Classify the types of stocktaking
techniques in techniques and Stocktaking (d) Discuss the stocktaking and verification business
business Practices and verification organizations are
discrepancies
organizations (e) Determine the stocktaking documentations applied
(f) Examine the challenges and mitigation
strategies of stocktaking and verification
(a) Describe the concepts of standardization and
variety reduction
6.1.2 (b) Differentiate standardization from variety
Standardization reduction
and variety (c) Describe the methods of inventory
reduction standardization; and
(d) Explain the procedures of inventory
standardization and variety reduction

172
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concept of performance
7.1.1 An measurement
overview of (b) Discuss the need for performance
performance measurement
measurement (c) Discuss the challenges of performance
measurement and its mitigation strategies
(a) Describe the concept of performance
7.0 Explaining Measurement of
7.1 measurement in inventory management
measurement of inventory
Performance (b) Determine the approaches of measuring
inventory management
7 measurement inventory performance
management system in
in inventory 7.1.2 (c) Describe the performance measurement by
system in organizations is
management Performance using stock turnover rates, customers’
organizations explained.
measurement service level, stock out, cost considerations,
in inventory accuracy goals, and their purpose
management (d) Analyze the balance score card knowledge in
planning inventory system
(e) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of performance measurement in inventory
management

173
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Describe the concepts of material obsolete
and surplus
(b) Explain the differences between obsolete
and obsolescent materials
8.1.1 An
(c) Identify the causes of obsolete and surplus
overview of
materials
obsolete and
(d) Determine the preventive measures of
8.0 Apply 8.1 surplus Management of
obsolete and surplus materials
management of Management of materials obsolete and
(e) Explain the impact of obsolete and surplus
8 obsolete and obsolete and surplus materials in
inventories
surplus materials surplus organizations is
(f) Discuss the measures and techniques for
in organizations materials applied.
dealing with obsolete and surplus materials

(a) Describe the concept of disposal of materials

8.1.2 Disposal (b) Explain the reasons for disposing materials
of materials (c) Describe the methods of reclaiming and
salvaging of the materials

(a) Describe the concept of inventory

management information systems
9.0 Apply 9.1.1
(b) Differentiate manual and electronic systems Inventory
inventory 9.1 Inventory Introduction to
and their interface in relation with inventory management
management management inventory
9 management information systems
information information management
(c) Identify the need for inventory management in organizations is
systems in systems information
information systems and applied.
organizations systems
(d) Describe the characteristics of inventory
management information systems

174
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(a) Apply information and communication
technology in inventory management
(b) Apply electronic media, development of
electronic data interchange bar coding in
9.1.2
inventory management
Application of
(c) Describe the uses of internet in inventory
ICTs in
management, cross docking, stock
inventory
minimization, electronic point of sales etc.
management
(d) Discuss challenges associated with the
application of inventory management
information systems and its mitigation
strategies

175
 REFERENCES

David J. Plasecki (2009). Inventory Management; A focus on forecasting: Lot

sizing safety stock and odering systems OPS Publishing ltd.

Max Muller (2011). Essentials of Inventory Management 2nd Edition American

Management Association OPS Publishing.

Okeke, O. C., Okere, W., Dafyak, C. F., & Abiahu, M. F. C. (2022). Inventory
management and financial sustainability: insight from quoted
manufacturing firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Managerial and
Financial Accounting, 14(1), 84-97.

Preil, D., & Krapp, M. (2022). Artificial intelligence-based inventory management:

A Monte Carlo tree search approach. Annals of Operations
Research, 308(1), 415-439.

Sameh Ibrahim (2011). Data analysis for Inventory Management in Multi echelon
supply chain Ops Publishing ltd.

Sameh, I. (2011). Data analysis for Inventory Management in a multi echelon

supply chain. American University in Cairo Egypt.

Stevenson W. J. (2021). Operations management (14th Edition.). New York:

McGraw-Hill Education.

Straka, M (2019). Distribution and Supply Logistics Management. Cambridge

Scholars Publishing Ltd.

van der Walt, A., & Bean, W. L. (2022). Inventory management for the in-flight
catering industry: A case of uncertain demand and product
substitutability. Computers & Industrial Engineering, BN 107914.

176
Subject Name: Supply Chain Planning

Subject Code: G14

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on supply chain planning.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on supply chain management.
(c) To acquaint learners with various software for effective supply chain management.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques and strategies of supply chain planning for effective execution of supply chain.

Subject Learning Outcome: Integrate Supply Chain Planning in Organization

Table 32: Learning Areas Matrix for Supply Chain Planning

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Explain 1.1 Introduction to 1.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of supply chain Supply chain
supply chain supply chain supply chain management management in
management management management (b) Discuss the nature and scope of supply chain business
in business management operations is
operation (c) Discuss the evolution of supply chain clearly explained
management
(d) Describe the supply chain flows and their
impact in business operations
(e) Explain the drivers of supply chain
management
1.1.2 Supply chain (a) Describe the concept of supply chain
177
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
management management process
process (b) Determine the supply chain frameworks
(c) Explain the order fulfillment process in supply
chain management
1.1.3 e - Supply (a) Describe the concept of e-supply chain
Chain management management
(e-SCM) (b) Determine the different terminologies used in e-
supply chain management. i.e. EDI, B2B, EPOS
etc.
(c) Explain the process and activities of e-supply
chain management
(d) Describe the critical success factors of e -
supply chain management
(e) Explain the roles of information and
communication technologies in supply chain
management.
1.1.4 Supply Chain (a) Describe the concept of Supply chain
Performance performance
(b) Explain the drivers of Supply chain
performance
(c) Determine key performance indicators in supply
chain
(d) Explain the barriers and mitigation strategies of
supply chain performance
2.1 introduction to 2.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concept of supply chain planning
supply chain supply chain (b) Explain the strategies of supply chain planning
planning. (c) Analyze the categories of supply chain planning

178
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
planning. (d) Describe the supply chain planning process
(e) Apply supply chain theories in planning
2.1.2 Demand and (a) Describe the concepts of demand and supply in
supply in Supply supply chain
chain. (b) Explain the demand forecasting in supply chain
(c) Determine the aggregate demand in supply
chain
(d) Discuss the sales and operations planning in
supply chain
(e) Discuss capacity planning in supply chain
2.1.3 Value Chain (a) Describe the concept of value chain
(b) Identify the components and actors of value
chain
(c) Discuss the activities of value chain
2.1.4 Supply chain (a) Describe the concept of supply chain
Coordination coordination
(b) Determine the drivers of supply chain
coordination
(c) Explain supply Chain Mapping
(d) Describe stakeholders’ analysis in supply
chain
(e) Analyze the supply chain networks
(f) Describe the supply chain architecture
(g) Examine the impact of coordination in supply
chain

179
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
3.1 Logistics and 3.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concept of logistics planning
transportation Logistics planning (b) Determine the components of logistics plan
Planning (c) Discuss the logistics planning process
(d) Identify key logistics activities
Logistics network (a) Describe the concept of logistics network
Planning planning
(b) Discuss the role of distribution network in
logistics
(c) Evaluate logistics performance of an
organization
An overview of (a) Describe the concept of transportation planning
Transportation (b) Discuss transportation planning process
Planning (c) Analyze various modes of transport
(d) Examine the challenges and mitigation
strategies of transportation planning
Supply chain An overview of (a) Describe the concept of supply chain strategies
strategies for supply chain (b) Analyze the levels of supply chain strategies
materials strategies (c) Examine the rationale of supply chain strategies
acquisition Supplier (a) Describe the concept of supplier development
development (b) Explain the role of supplier development
(c) Determine steps of supplier development
(d) Explain the supplier appraisal and evaluation
(e) Discuss the barriers of supplier development
Vertical and (a) Describe the concepts of vertical and horizontal
horizontal integration
integration (b) Explain the reasons for vertical and horizontal
integration in supply chain

180
SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Explain the challenges of vertical and horizontal
integration and its mitigation strategies

181
 REFERENCES

Charles W. L., Hill, L., Gareth, R., Jones, Melissa A. Schiling (2014). Strategic
Management: Theory and Cases: An Intergrated approach:
Cengage Learning, London United Kingdom.
Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2010) Supply Chain Management; Strategy,
Planning and Operation, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education, New
Jersey,USA.
Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2010). Supply Chain Management: strategy Planning
and Operation, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education, New Jersey,
USA
Colye, J.J., Langley Tr. C. J Gibson, B.J Novack, R.A ,.and Bardi, E J. (2008)
Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective, Eight Edition,
Cengage Learning, London United Kingdom.
Gregory Dess, and G.T. (Tom) Lumpkin, Alan Eisner, Gerry McNamara (2011)
Strategic management test and cases. MacGraw- Hill/Ilwin.
Kenneth Lysons and Brian Farrington (2006) Purchasing and Supply Chain
Management 7th edition- Prentice Hall UK- London
Leong T.W et al (2012) the principles of supply chain management 3rd edition-
South-west 5191 Nartorp Boulevard Mason.
Michael A. Hitt, R. Duane Highland, Robert E. Hoskisson (2012). Strategic
manag ement concept test and cases: Competitiveness and
Globalization. Cengage Learning, London United Kingdom.
Paul Myerson (2012) Lean Supply Chain and Logistics Management 1st Edition
McGraw- Hill Professional.
Rushton, A. Croucher P., and Baker p. (2010) The Handbook of Logistics and
Distribution Management, 4th Edition, Charted Institute of Logistics
and Transport, London, UK.

182
Subject Name: Essentials of Procurement and Supply Chain Audit

Subject Code: G15

Subject Objectives

(a) To equip learners with Basics of Auditing principles and practices.

(b) To equip learners with principles of conducting auditing in procurement and supply chain practices.
(c) To acquaint learners with legal framework governing audit practices.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques of auditing in conducting procurement and supply audit in the organization.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply auditing principles and practices in organizations

Table 36: Learning Areas Matrix for Auditing Principles and Practices

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
Apply 1.1 1.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concept of auditing Principles of audit
auditing Principles of auditing (b) Describe the characteristics of auditing are clearly
principles auditing (c) Discuss the objectives of auditing introduced.
and practices (d) Differentiate accounting and auditing
in (e) Explain the types and classes of audit
organizations (f)Distinguish internal and external auditing
(g) Compare and contrast between fraud and errors
(h) Discuss the preliminary activities before
commencement of new audit
(i) Determine the qualities of an auditor

183
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Audit (a) Describe the concept of audit programme
programme (b) Discuss the objectives of audit programme
(c) Discuss the contents of audit programme
(d) Discuss the audit working papers, their types and
contents
(e) Discuss the ownership of audit working papers
2.1 Audit 2.1.1 Legal (a) Describe the concept of audit legal framework Audit governance is
governance framework (b) Determine the rights and responsibilities of parties applied in the
governing audit involved in audit conduct of audit in
(c) Describe the fundamental principles, standards the organization.
and ethics of audit
(d) Demonstrate the types of auditor’ reports and their
respective circumstances of application
2.1.2 Internal (a) Describe the concept of internal control system
control (b) Discuss the objectives of internal control system
(c) Explain the types of internal control system
(d) Discuss the limitation of internal control system
(e) Determine procedure of reviewing the internal
control system
(f)Discuss the internal check
2.1.3 Audit (a) Describe the concept audit evidence
evidence (b) Explain the sources of audit evidence
(c) Determine factors affecting audit evidence
(d) Explain types of audit evidence
(e) Discuss the sufficiency and reliability of audit
evidence
(f) Explain the procedures for obtaining audit

184
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
evidence
2.1.4 Audit risks (a) Describe the concept of audit risk
(b) Explain the types audit risk and its sources
(c) Describe the audit test and its types
2.1.5 Professional (a) Describe the concept of professional ethics in
ethics in auditing auditing
(b) Explain the objectives of professional ethics in
auditing
(c) Determine the principles of professional ethics in
auditing
(d) Discuss the professional code of ethics and
conduct in auditing.
3.1 3.1.1 Procurement (a) Describe the concept of procurement audit
Introduction audit (b) Describe auditing basic procedures and internal
to controls in procurement
procurement (c) Explain the importance of procurement audit.
and supply (d) Determine auditing of procurement functional
audit organs. Procurement and
(e) Explain the corruption red flags in procurement supply audit is
audit introduced in the

185
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.2.2 supply audit (a) Describe the concept of supply audit. organization.
(b) Explain the importance of supply audit
(c) Distinguish stock checking, verification, stock
taking from supply audit.
(d) Describe authorization and approval procedures of
supplies.
(e) Explain the importance of stock checking,
verification and stock taking in auditing;
(f) Describe the aspects of assets management audit.

186
 REFERENCES
Karta Johnstone, Audrey Gramling and Larry E. Rittenberge (2010) Risk based
approach to the Audit of procurement CIF
Karta Johnstone, Audrey Gramling and Larry E. Rittenberge (2010) Risk based
approach to the Audit of procurement CIFA
Karta Johnstone, Audrey Gramling and Larry E. Rittenberge (2013) Auditing A
risk-based approach to conducting a quality Audit, Cengage Learning.
Karta Johnstone, Audrey Gramling and Larry E. Rittenberge (2013) Auditing: A
risk-based approach to conducting a quality Audit Cengage Learning.
O’Regan, David (2008) Auditing the procurement function. Institute of Internal
Auditors Research Foundation.
PPRA (2009). Public Procurement Auditing Manual, Government Printers, Dar
Es Salaam, Tanzania.
URT (2011). The Public Procurement Act No. 23 of 2011 and its regulation 2013
as amended from time.
Wittingon, R. and Kurt, Pany. (2021). Principles of Auditing and Other Assurance
Services, McGraw Hill.

187
2.6 Learning Areas for Certified Professional (CPSP) I
Subject: Fleet and Logistics Management

Subject Code: C01

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on Fleet and Logistics Management.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on Transport and distribution in logistics management.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge and skills on managing vehicle fleets and reducing cost in effective execution of Fleet and
logistics operations.
(d) To enable learners apply various software in effective execution of Fleet and Logistics operations.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Fleet and Logistics Management Skills in Business Operations

Table 37: Learning Areas Matrix for Fleet and Logistics Management

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
Apply fleet 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An overview of (a) Describe the concepts related to fleet management Fleet and
and logistics to Fleet and Fleet (b) Analyze the objective of fleet management logistics
management logistics Management (c) Analyze the benefits of fleet management management
skills and managemen (d) Explain the functions of fleet management are clearly
knowledge in t (e) Discuss the planning in fleet management introduced in
business (f) Describe the management of fleet legislation business
operations (g) Examine the costs associated with fleet management’ operations
(h) Describe the risk control analysis in fleet management

188
 1.1.2 An overview of (a) Describe the concept of logistics management
Logistics
management (b) Analyze the benefits of logistics management
(c) Explain the evolution of logistics management
(d) Determine different types of Logistics Management
(e) Evaluate trade restrictions and agreements on
international Logistics
(f) Explain the methods of payments in both
international logistics and local logistics
(g) Discuss the reverse logistics and its application in
logistics management
(h) Analyze the green logistics in logistics management

2.1 Fleet and 2.1.1 Fleet (a) Describe the fleet management operations Fleets and
logistics management (b) Discuss the steps for vehicles planning in fleet logistics
Management operations operations operations are
operations (c) Discuss the standard operating procedures in vehicles properly
operations applied in
(d) Apply the vehicles routing and scheduling in fleet business
operations
(e) Discuss the procedures of fuel maintenance
(f) Discuss the strategies of fuel management
2.1.2 Fleet safety and (a) Describe the concepts of fleet safety and security
security management management
(b) Discuss the elements of fleet safety management
(c) Determine measures to ensure fleet safety
189
 (d) Determine safety and security measures and controls
in logistics operations
(e) Discuss challenges of fleet safety and security
management in logistics operations and its mitigation
strategies
2.1.3 Vehicle (a) Describe the concepts of vehicle selection and
selection and replacement
replacement (b) Determine the vehicle selection criteria
(c) Explain owned or contracted vehicles
(d) Discuss the vehicles disposal in fleet management
(e) Explain the vehicle replacement analysis
(f) Discuss the capital budgeting techniques in vehicles
selection
(g) Prepare operational and technical specification for
vehicles selection
(a) Describe concepts of logistics operation
(b) Explain packaging and packing requirement decisions
(c) Describe logistic equipment for handling and storage
of goods
(d) Analyze the load unitization and containerization in
2.1.4 Logistics
logistics operations
operations
(e) Evaluate the costs and performance considerations
(f) Determine facility location in facilitating logistics
operations
(g) Explain the requirements of investment in logistics
(h) Analyze pre-transactional costs from post transactional
costs
3.1 Transport (a) Describe the concept of transportation in logistics Transportation
3.1.1Transportation
and distribution management and distribution
management
in logistics (b) Differentiate inbound and outbound transportation are clearly

190
management network. described in
(c) Discuss the modes of transport and their applications logistics
in logistics management management
(d) Describe the suitable routes and related clearance
requirements in logistics management
(e) Discuss the outsourcing transport in logistics
management
(f)Apply logistics management skills in route planning and
scheduling
(a) Describe the concept of physical distribution
(b) Discuss the evolution of physical distribution
(c) Describe the objectives of physical distribution
3.1.2 Physical
(d) Explain the components of physical distribution
distribution
(e) Explain the channels of distribution and their role in
management
logistics management
(f) Analyze the physical distribution strategies in logistics
operations
(a) Describe the concepts of logistics and transportation
documentation
(b) Identify the documents used in logistics and
3.1.3 Logistic and transportation
transportation (c) Describe the procedures involved in clearance of
documentation goods from customs.
(d) Explain the international commercial terms
(INCOTERMS) and their uses.
(e) Discuss the roles of different players in INCOTERMS
4.1 ICT (a) Describe the concept of ICT in Fleet Management ICT application
application in 4.1.1 ICT in Fleet (b) Explain the uses of ICT in Fleet Management is clearly
fleet and Management (c) Describe the web- based application in Fleet applied in fleet
logistics Management and logistics

191
management (d) Apply ICT software in Fleet Management (e,g TMIS management
software etc)
(a) Describe the concept of ICT in Logistic Management
(b) Explain the uses of ICT in Logistic Management
4.1.2 ICT in Logistics (c) Describe the Web-based application in logistic cycle
management
(d) Apply ICT software in Logistic Management
(eg RFDI, TMIS etc)

192
 REFERENCES
Adebayo, T. (2022). An evaluation of reverse logistics responsiveness and
customer satisfaction in retailing. International Journal of Research in
Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 11(1), 93–98.
https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i1.1570
Besbes, W., Dhouib, D., Wassan, N., & Marrekchi, E. (Eds.). (2019). Solving
Transport Problems: Towards Green Logistics. John Wiley & Sons.
Goyal, S. B., Pradeep, N., Shukla, P. K., Ghonge, M. M., & Ravi, R. V. (Eds.).
(2022). Utilizing blockchain technologies in manufacturing and logistics
management. IGI Global.
İyigün, İ., & Görçün, Ö. F. (2022) (Eds.). Logistics 4.0 and Future of Supply
Chains. Springer. Singapore: Springer Nature.
Liu, K. Y. (2022). Supply Chain Analytics: Concepts, Techniques and
Applications. Switzerland: Springer Nature.
Mehmood, T. (2021). Does Information Technology Competencies and Fleet
Management Practices lead to Effective Service Delivery? Empirical
Evidence from E-Commerce Industry. International Journal of
Technology, Innovation and Management (IJTIM), 1(2), 14-41.
Meyer, Niclas; Horvat, Djerdj; Hitzler, Matthias; Doll and Claus (2018): Business
models for freight and logistics services. Working Paper Sustainability
and Innovation, No. S08/2018.
Xidias, E., Zacharia, P., & Nearchou, A. (2022). Intelligent fleet management of
autonomous vehicles for city logistics. Applied Intelligence, 1-19.

193
 Subject Name: Consultancy and Entrepreneurship

Subject Code C02

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in consultancy and entrepreneurship
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of conducting consultancy services in procurement and supply chain practices.
(c) To acquaint learners with principles and techniques involved in consultancy and entrepreneurship for effective business
undertakings.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate consultancy techniques and entrepreneurship principles to initiate and manage business
ventures.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply consulting and entrepreneurship skills in executing business operations.
Table 43: Learning Areas Matrix for Consultancy and Entrepreneurship

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0Apply 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of Consultancy and consulting Consulting and
consulting and to consulting of consulting business Entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship business business (b) Discuss the reasons for engaging consultants. skills is applied in
skills in (c) Differentiate business consulting from management business operations
executing consulting
business (d) Explain the nature and purpose of consulting
operations assignments
(e) Describe the roles and relationship of consultant and
client.
(f) Explain the characteristics/etiquette of consultants
(g) Identify and analyze the consulting services
194
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
challenges and their mitigation strategies

(a) Describe the concept of Consulting Industry

1.1.2 Consulting (b) Discuss the evolution of the consulting industry
industry (c) Explain the range of services provided in consulting
(d) Determine the generalist and specialist services
(e) Explain the main types of consulting organizations
(f)Discuss training and research in consulting industry
1.1.3 Consulting (a) Explain the consulting process
process (b) Identify the phases of the consulting process
(c) Describe activities involved in each phase of the
consulting process
(d) Describe the roles of client and that of consultant in
each phase of the consulting process

195
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
2.0 Design an 2.1 Framing the 2.1.1 Identification (a) Describe the concept of business consulting problem. Appropriate
appropriate business of business (b) Explain the necessity of generating business problem business problem
business consulting problem in consulting and methodology to
problem and problem (c) Use available client’s and industry information in address a complex
methodology to framing business problem business challenge
address a (d) Use various procedures in identifying a business based on research is
complex problem designed
business (e) Develop a business consulting problem
challenge based
on research
2.1.2 Gathering (a) Describe the concepts of gathering data and
data and designing analysis
designing analysis (b) Explain types of data for a business problem in
consulting
(c) Determine appropriate tools for collecting data
(d) Discuss the do’s and don’ts in collecting data for
consulting assignment.
(e) Apply relevant data analysis tools in consulting
assignments.

196
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
2.1.3 Interpreting (a) Describe the concepts of interpreting and presenting
and presenting results as applied in consulting process
results (b) Apply different techniques for presenting and
interpreting data
(c) Explain the activities in report writing and aspects of
presentation of consultancy report
(d) Analyze different uses of the consulting reports
(e) Prepare consulting report
3.0 Procurement 3.1 Procurement 3.1.1 Parties of (a) Describe the concept of parties of consulting Procurement and
and Supply and supply consulting assignments in Procurement and Supply supply consulting is
consulting is consulting assignments in Management applied in business
applied in Procurement and (b) Identify clients, competitor partners and their operations
Business Supply collaboration in consulting assignments
operations. Management (c) Determine potential risks and conflict of interest in
consulting assignments.
(d) Describe consulting opportunities, preparation of
terms of reference and consulting ethics.
3.1.2 Bidding (a) Describe the concept of bidding aspects in
aspects in consultancy
consultancy (b) Explain the practices of expression of interest and
shortlisting in consulting
(c) Discuss the practices in the preparation of request
for proposals,
(d) Explain the activities involved in evaluation of
technical and financial proposals
(e) Analyze the practices in negotiations and post-
qualification

197
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(f) Explain the prerequisites for contracting and
contract management aspects.
(g) Prepare expression of interest in bidding
consultancies
(h) Prepare technical and financial proposal for
consultancy activities
4.0 Business 4.1 Managing a 4.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of “management of a consulting Business consulting
consulting consulting firm managing a business” assignment is
assignment is consulting (b) Explain aspects of managing professional service in effectively executed
managed in business consulting business in business
business (c) Explain the rationale for achieving professional operations.
operations excellence in consulting business.
(d) Discuss the challenges and mitigation strategies in
managing business consulting.
4.1.2 The (a) Describe the concept of consulting firm’s strategy
consulting firm’s (b) Discuss the strategic approaches in managing
strategy consulting firms
(c) Describe the client base in managing consulting firms
(d) Explain the growth and expansion of consulting
services
(e) Analyze the tactics and negotiation skills for winning
consultancy
(f) Describe the management of profile and image of a
consulting firm

198
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.3 Marketing of (a) Describe the concept of marketing consulting
consulting services
services (b) Explain the marketing approaches in consulting
services
(c) Discuss the roles of marketing consultant in
consulting services
(d) Explain the techniques for marketing the consulting
business
(e) Discuss the management of the marketing process
in consulting services
(f) Appraise the application of digital marketing in
consulting services

199
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.4 Management (a) Describe the concept of Management Consulting
Consulting Assignment
Assignment (b) Discuss the steps of managing consulting
assignment
(c) Explain the management of consulting assignment
execution
(d) Explain clients’ characteristics and methods of
managing clients with different behaviors.
(e) Describe the cost and budgetary controls in
conducting consulting assignments
(f) Evaluate the factors influencing consulting
assignment pricing
(g) Determine deliverables of consulting assignment
(h) Prepare consulting assignment records and reports

5.0 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of entrepreneurship and Various concepts of
Entrepreneurship to of entrepreneur entrepreneurship are
skills and entrepreneurship entrepreneurship (b) Describe the evolution of entrepreneurship applied in business
knowledge is (c) Discuss the entrepreneurial motives and operations.
applied in characteristics
Business (d) Discuss the concept of creative thinking and
operations. innovation in entrepreneurship
5.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of business environment
Entrepreneurship (b) Analyze business environment for establishing an
and business entrepreneurial venture
environments (c) Apply business skills to classify categories of

200
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
enterprises
(d) Explain the ways to establish a particular business
enterprise
(e) Discuss the challenges facing entrepreneurship
and its mitigation strategies
6.0 Apply 6.1 Business 6.1.1 Market (a) Describe the concept of market research and Business skills in
business skills in formation research and intelligence forming and
forming and intelligence (b) Explain the role of market research and intelligence managing business
managing in business decisions enterprises are
business (c) Apply market intelligence in establishing a applied
enterprises consulting business
(d) Plan market research and intelligence for product
and services
6.1.2 Business (a) Describe the concept of business planning
planning (b) Determine components of a business plan and its
roles
(c) Apply strategic planning tools for business strategy
(d) Explain different sources of funds
(e) Prepare a business plan

201
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
6.1.3 Forms of (a) Describe various forms of businesses and legal
businesses and framework for business formation
legal framework (b) Explain advantages and disadvantages of each form
for business of a business
formation (c) Discuss legal and statutory requirements for forming
a business;
(d) Describe various institutions governing business
formations and operations
(e) Determine legal documents for formation of a
business.
7.0 Apply 7.1 Risk 7.1.1 Managing (a) Describe the concept of managing risks in business Business and risk
business and Management risks in business (b) Discuss different types of risks in business management skills in
risk management and Business (c) Analyze the role of insurance in business as risks managing growth
skills in growth strategy mitigation strategy and expansion of
managing growth (d) Apply risk diversification strategy in business business operations
and expansion of operation are applied in
business 7.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of internationalization of a organization.
operations Internationalization business enterprise
of Business (b) Discuss various requirements for import and export in
Enterprise business operations
(c) Analyze the local context for enhancing exportation
(EPZ ect.)
(d) Discuss the factors that affect foreign facility location
(e) Perform country risk assessment for international
transfers

202
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
7.1.3 Mergers and (a) Describe the concepts related to mergers and
Acquisitions of acquisition of business
business (b) Analyze different types of mergers in business
operations
(c) Evaluate various methods of business acquisition
(d) Analyze legal provisions in the context of business
mergers

203
 REFERENCES

Barringer, B. R., and Ireland, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship: Successfully

Launching New ventures. Pearson Education.
Biggs, D. (2010). Management Consulting: A Guide for Students, Andover:
Cengage Learning.Capstone.
Creation (9th Edition). New York: McGraw Hill.
Daniel, P. (2013). Entrepreneur Revolution: How to Develop Your
Entrepreneurial Mindset and Start a Business That Works,
Dutta, K. (2012). Brand Management, Principles and Practices. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
Kipping, M. and Clark, T. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Management
Consulting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2011). Principles of Marketing, London: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
Kuratko, D. F. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process and Practice. Mason-
OH: Cengage Learning.
Larry K., Kim S., and Donald, W. (2015). Advertising Media Planning: A Brand
Management Approach. New York: Routledge.
Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C. (2014). Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Management. London: Prentice Hall.
Matthews, C. and Brueggemann, R. (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
New York: Routledge.
O’Mahoney, J. and Markham, C. (2013). Management Consultancy. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Spinelli, S., and Adams, R. (2012). The Entrepreneurial Mind: Crafting a
Personal Entrepreneurial Strategy. New Venture

204
Subject Name: Strategic Supply Chain Management

Subject Code: C03

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in Strategic Supply Chain Management.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on effective adoption of lean and agile in enhancing performance in organization
supply chain.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge and skills on impact of information technology in managing supply chain.
(d) To enable learners apply various techniques and strategic approach for enhancing business performance in the organization.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Strategic Supply Chain Management in Business Operations
Table 39: Learning Area Matrix for Strategic Supply Chain Management
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 1.1Introduction (a) Describe the concept of supply chain management Introduction to
Analytical to Strategic 1.1.1 An (b) Determine the nature and scope of supply chain strategic
and Supply Chain overview of management supply chain
application Management supply chain (c) Discuss the evolution of supply chain Management management is
skills management (d) explain the supply chain process clearly applied
(e) Discuss the flows of supply chain in business
(f) Determine the importance of supply chain decision operation
(g) Discuss the potential players of supply chain
(h) Discus the ways to align supply chain with business
strategy
205
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 An (a) Describe the concepts related to strategic
overview management,
strategic (b) Explain the strategic management process
management (c) Familiarize with the corporate mission, vision and long
objectives for business sustainability
(d) Apply SWOC analysis and strategies formulation in
strategic management
(e) Differentiate business strategies and corporate
strategies
(f) Evaluate strategic performance through relevant
strategic tools.
1.1.3 An overview (a) Describe the concept of strategic procurement
of strategic (b) Determine the nature and scope of strategic
procurement procurement
(c) Explain the significance of strategic procurement
(d) Compare and contrast strategic procurement with
operational procurement
(e) Develop strategic objective and performance targets
(f) Evaluate the role of strategic procurement in
achieving corporate goals
(g) Analyze the strategic procurement environment
1.1.4 Supply chain (a) Describe the concept of supply chain strategic
strategic framework framework
(b) Apply the strategic triangle in strategic supply chain
(c) Apply the Porter’s five forces model in achieving
corporate goals.
(d) Determine and apply relevant portfolio of strategic

206
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
procurement in achieving corporate goals (e.g
Kraljic, Kaman Ncube, BCG model etc.)
(e) Apply the Resource Based View (RBV) and the
VRIO frameworks in business strategy.
1.1.5 Value chain (a) Describe the concept of value chain
analysis (b) Differentiate value chain from supply chain
(c) Discuss the main dimensions of value chain analysis:
(d) Discuss the activities of value chain analysis
2.1 Lean and 2.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of lean supply chain Lean and agile
agile supply of lean supply chain (b) Discuss the principles of lean supply chain supply chain
chain (c) Explain the importance and characteristics of lean are properly
supply chain applied in
(d) Explain the drivers for lean supply chain business
(e) Analyze Lean process mapping tools operations
(f) Assess the need for Lean approaches in supply
chain
(g) Apply lean approach in business processes
2.1.2 An overview (a) Describe the concept agile supply chain
Agile supply chain (b) Discuss agile supply chain frameworks
(c) Explain the features and importance of agile supply
chain
(d) Assess the need for agile approaches in supply
chain
3.1 Managing 3.1.1 Introduction to (a) Describe the concept of operations and supply chain Operations and
the Supply Operations and Management Supply Chain
chain and Supply Chain (b) Discuss categories and Strategies of supply chain Management
operations Management operations are properly

207
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Determine the components of Operations and managed in
Supply Chain management business
(d) Explain the Integrative Model for Operations and operations
Supply Chain Management
(e) Discuss cold chain management
(f) Assess the Product and Process Design and
Mapping in supply chain
(g) Discuss Customer and Supplier Relationship
Management
(h) Analyze the role of strategic Sourcing in supply chain
Management
3.1. 2 Information (a) Describe the concept of Information Technology in
Technology in supply chain management
supply chain (b) Explain the role of information technology in supply
management chain Management
(c) Discuss the application of Information Technology in
supply chain Management
(d) Determine the supply chain information technology
frameworks
(e) Discuss emerging technologies in supply chain i.e,
block chain, artificial intelligence, digital marketing,
cloud computing etc.
3.1.3 Coordination (a) Describe the concept of coordination in supply
in supply chain chain management
Management (b) Discuss the supply chain coordination and the
bullwhip effect & their impact on supply chain
performance.

208
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Explain obstacles to coordination in a supply chain
management
(d) Discuss managerial levers that help to achieve
coordination in a supply chain.
(e) Assess potential supply chain
distortions/vulnerability/risks
(f) Evaluate the methods such as collaborative
planning, forecasting, and replenishment to improve
coordination and combat the bullwhip effect in
supply chain.
3.1.4 Supply Chain (a) Describe the concept of supply chain performance
Performance measures
Measures (b) Discuss the drivers of supply chain performance
(c) Determine the ways to collect and display supply
chain performance data.
(d) Analyze the set of metrics for measuring
performance of organizational supply chain
operations
(e) Apply performance measurement models (e.g
Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model
and balanced scorecard, etc.)
(a) Describe the concept of sustainable supply chain
(b) Examine the origin of sustainable supply chain
4.1 Sustainable 4.1.1 Introduction to
(c) Discuss the rationale for sustainable supply chain
supply chain sustainable supply
(d) Explain the components of a sustainable supply
management chain
chain
(e) Discuss supply chain management trends affecting

209
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
sustainability
(a) Describe the concept of growth of sustainable supply
chain practices
4.1.2 Growth of (b) Identify the main players in sustainable supply chain
sustainable supply management and their roles
chain practices (c) Discuss the drivers and barriers of sustainable supply
chain
(d) Develop a sustainable supply chain strategy
4.1.3 Sustainable (a) Describe the concept of sustainable procurement
procurement and and policy development
policy development (b) Analyze the preparation of sustainable specifications
(c) Examine the application of sustainable criteria in
procurement process
(d) Determine steps of developing sustainable
procurement policy
(e) Incorporate green purchasing within the ISO 14000
framework
(f) Develop sustainable procurement policy in
organization

210
 REFERENCES
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Belvedere, V., & Grando, A. (2017). Sustainable operations and supply chain
management. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Cetinkaya, B., Cuthbertson, R., Ewer, G., Klaas-Wissing, T., Piotrowicz, W., &
Tyssen, C. (2011). Sustainable supply chain management: practical
ideas for moving towards best practice. Berlin/Heidelberg. Germany:
Springer Science & Business Media.
Cohen, S. and Roussel, J. (2016). Strategic Supply Chain Management: The
Five Disciplines for Top Performance. McGraw-Hill, USA.
David B Grant, D.B, Trautrims, A. & Wong, C.Y. (2017). Sustainable Logistics
and Supply Chain Management: Principles and practices for
sustainable operations and management (2nd ed.). United States:
Kogan Page Limited
Fazlollahtabar, H. (2018). Supply Chain Management Models: Forward,
Reverse, Uncertain and Intelligent Foundations with Case Studies.
New York: CRC Press.
Khan, S. A. R. and Yu, Z. (2019). Strategic Supply Chain Management.
Switzerland: Springer.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (9th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Małys, Ł. (2022). ICT Utilization in Supply Chain Environmental Collaboration
Practices as the Moderator of Firms’ Financial Performance.
Sustainability, 14(2), 958.
Menon, R. R., & Ravi, V. (2021). Analysis of barriers of sustainable supply chain
management in electronics industry: an interpretive structural
modelling approach. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 3,
100026.
Morana, J. (2013). Sustainable Supply Chain Management (2nd ed.). Great
Britain and the United States: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

211
 Subject: Project Management

Subject Code: C04

Subject objectives

(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in project management.

(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of conducting project monitoring and evaluation of Procurement and Supply Chain
projects practice.
(c) To acquaint learners with principles and techniques involved in project management for effective business undertakings.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate project techniques and principles to initiate and manage procurement projects in business
organizations.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Project Management Skills in Business Operations
Table 40: Learning Areas Matrix for Project Management

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply project 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of project management Project management
management to project of (b) Explain the importance of project skill is applied in
knowledge and manageme project Management organization
skills in nt management (c) Differentiate project from contract
organizational management
operations (d) Discuss the project life cycle
(e) Discuss stakeholders’ participation and their
influence in project management
1.1.2 Project (a) Describe the concept of project scope
Scope (b) Determine the nature of project scope
management (c) Plan the scope for project
212
 (d) Determine requirements for project scope
(e) Prepare work breakdown schedule for project
scope
(f) Validate the scope for project management
Control the scope for project management
1 1.2 Project (a) Describe the concept of project integration
Integration management
Management (b) Determine the activities for project
integration
(c) Develop project charter and project
management plan
(d) Discuss procedures for managing project
work
(e) Perform projects integrated change control
1.2 Project 1.2.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of project Project management
management to project management planning planning is executed
planning management (b) Determine the components for developing in organization
planning project planning
(c) Discuss the steps involved in preparing
project planning
(d) Discuss the process of conducting
feasibility study in project management
1.2.2 Project (a) Describe the concept of project schedule
schedule management
management (b) Determine the activities of project schedule
management
(c) Develop the schedule of project
management
(d) Control the schedule of project
management

213
 (a) Describe the concept of project cost
1.2.3 Project Cost management
Management (b) Determine the budget for project
management
(c) Control costs for project management
1.2.4 Project (a) Describe the concept of project quality
quality management
management (b) Explain project quality management
process
(c) Discuss factors influencing project quality
management
1.2.5 Project (a) Describe the concept of project resource
resource management
management (b) Plan resource for project management
(c) Determine resources required for project
management
(d) Manage team for project management
(e) Control resources for project management
1.2.6 Project (a) Describe the concept of project proposal
Proposal (b) Discuss the contents of project proposal
(c) Explain the importance of project proposal
(d) Discuss the application of project proposal
(e) Prepare a project proposal
1.3 Project 1.3.1 Project (a) Describe the concept of project Project procurement
Procurement procurement procurement planning management is
Management planning (b) Discuss scope and nature of project clearly managed in
procurement management organizations
(c) Differentiate project procurement
management from project management
(d) Discuss project procurement management

214
 process
(e) Develop the project procurement plan
1.3.2 Project risk (a) Describe the concept of project risk
management management
(b) Assess the risks associated with the
project
(c) Plan for managing and mitigating risk
associated with the project
(d) Monitor and evaluate risks associated with
the project
1.3.3 Project (a) Describe the concept of project delivery modes
delivery models (b) Identify project delivery models
(c) Discuss relevance of project delivery models in
project procurement management
(d) Challenges of Project delivery models in
project management
1.4 Project 1.4.1 Project (a) Describe the concept of project appraisal Project monitoring
monitoring and appraisal techniques and evaluation are
evaluation techniques (b) Determine the nature and scope of project clearly applied in
appraisal organization
(c) Explain the significance of project appraisal
(d) Discuss the steps involved in carrying out
project appraisal
(e) Determine the assessment criteria for project
appraisal
(f) Analyze various forms of project appraisal
(g) Carry out appraisal performance for project
management

215
 (a) Describe the concept of project
1.4.2 Project communication management
communication (b) Discuss the importance of project
management communication management
(c) Apply communication management skills for
project management
(d) Determine process for managing project
management communications
1.4.3 Project (a) Describe the concept of project closure
closure (b) Explain the importance of project closure
(c) Discuss the project closure process
(d) Determine activities in project closure
(e) Explain deliverables in project closure
(f) Appraise project closure best practices.

216
 REFERENCES
Badiru, A.B. (2021). Project Management: Systems, Principles, and Applications
(2nd ed.). United States: CRC Press.
Crawford, J. K. (2021). Project management maturity model. New York, United
States: Auerbach Publications.
Erne, R. (2022). Can “Lean Project Management” Be Standardized Throughout
the Organization? In Lean Project Management-How to Apply Lean
Thinking to Project Management (pp. 207-218). Springer, Wiesbaden.
Greenhalgh, B., Squires, G., & Mahamadu, A. M. (2021). Construction
Procurement: Complex Property Development. Routledge.
Igberaese, D. A. (2022). Introduction to Project Management: A Source Book for
Traditional PM Basics. Taylor & Francis.
Lennon, C. (2021). The Silver Bullets of Project Management. Oxfordshire,
United Kingdom: Routledge.
Manzoor, A. (2019). Project Procurement Management. Seattle, Washington,
United States: Amazon Publishing Company.
Oliver F. Lehmann, O.F. (2020). Project Business Management. New York,
United States: Auerbach Publications.
Pheng, L. S. (2018). Project procurement management. In Project Management
for the Built Environment (pp. 177-193). Springer, Singapore.
Portny, J. L., & Portny, S. E. (2022). Project management for dummies (6th ed.).
Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

217
 Subject Name: Business Negotiation

Subject Code: C05

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on Business Negotiation.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on negotiation in business operations.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge and skills on effective negotiation in procurement contract.
(d) To enable learners, apply appropriate techniques, tactics and strategies of negotiation in business operations.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Business Negotiation in Procurement and Supply Operations
Table 41: Learning Areas Matrix for Business Negotiation
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 1.1.1 Introduction (a) Describe the nature and scope of business negotiation Negotiation is
negotiation Negotiation in to business (b) Discuss various types of negotiations and their features applied in business
skills and business negotiation (c) Explain the advantages and disadvantage of business operations.
techniques operations negotiation
in (d) Discuss the rationale of negotiation
procurement (e) Explain the stages involved in preparing negotiation
and supply (f) Discuss the qualities of a negotiator
operations (g) Discuss the attributes and factors affecting negotiation
(h) Explain negotiation outcomes
1.1.2 Negotiation (a) Describe the concepts of negotiation tactics and
tactics and techniques
techniques (b) Discuss the negotiation strategies
218
 (c) Explain various tactics and techniques in negotiation
(d) Discuss negotiation patterns and ploys
(e) Enumerate ways of dealing with tactics and techniques in
negotiation
2.1 Planning 2.1.1 Planning for (a) Describe the concept of negotiation planning Planning and
and Managing negotiation (b) Explain the significance of negotiation planning managing
Negotiations (c) Discuss the stages of preparing negotiation plan negotiation are
(d) Prepare the negotiation plan. conducted in
business
2.1.2 Managing (a) Describe the concept of managing negotiation operations.
negotiation (b) Discuss the issues involved in pre-negotiation, during and
post-negotiation process
(c) Determine the sources of information in managing
negotiation
(d) Develop strategies for managing negotiation
3.1 3.1.1 legal and (a) Describe concepts of legal and institutional framework Negotiation
Negotiation Institutional governing negotiation governance is
governance frameworks (b) Discuss relevant legislation to negotiation in business applied in business
governing context operations
negotiation (c) Apply legal and institutional frameworks in governing
business negotiation
3.1.2 Ethics and (a) Describe the concepts of ethics and culture in negotiation
culture of (b) Explain the values and norms of negotiation
negotiation (c) Discuss the principles of ethics in business negotiation
(d) Apply the principles of ethics in business negotiation
4.0 Apply 4.1 4.1.1 Pre-contract (a) Describe the concept of pre-contract negotiation in Negotiation skills
negation Negotiation in negotiation procurement context are used for
skills for procurement (b) Discuss the conduct in pre- contract negotiations in executing
executing contract procurement perspective Procurement
procurement (c) Apply the requirements of pre-contract negotiations for contract in daily

219
contract in effective procurement contract business
business 4.1.2 Post-contract (a) Describe the concept of post -contract negotiation in operations
operations negotiation procurement context
(b) Discuss the conduct of post - contract negotiations in
procurement perspective.
(c) Determine the outcome of post contract negotiation in the
organization
4.1.3 International (a) Describe the concept of International Business
business negotiation in procurement perspective
negotiation (b) Discuss the prerequisites of negotiation in International
Business
(c) Discuss the strategies and tactics of international
business negotiation
(d) Explain the etiquettes and protocols applicable in cross-
cultural negotiations in international procurement
(e) Discuss international negotiations obstacles

220
 REFERENCES
Buckley, P. J. (2021). The role of history in international business: Evidence,
research practices, methods and theory. British Journal of
Management, 32(3), 797-811.
Chatterjee, C. (2021). Negotiating Techniques in Import-Export Trade.
In Negotiating Techniques in Diplomacy and Business Contracts (pp.
57-67). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Chatterjee, C. (2021). Negotiating Techniques in Diplomacy and Business
Contracts. Springer Nature.
Ghauri, P.N., Ott, U.F. & Rammal, H.G. (2020). International Business
Negotiations: Theory and Practice. Cheltenham, United Kingdom:
Edward Edger Publishing Limited.
Helmold, M., Dathe, T., Hummel, F., Terry, B., & Pieper, J. (2020). Successful
international negotiations. Springer International Publishing.
Honden, R. (2012). Negotiation with Back Born, Pearson Education Upper-
Saddle.
O'Brien, J. (2020). Negotiation for Procurement and Supply Chain Professionals:
A Proven Approach for Negotiations with Suppliers. Kogan Page
Publishers.
Olekalns, M. & Kennedy, J.A (Eds.). (2020). Research Handbook on Gender
and Negotiation. United Kingdom: Edward Edger Publishing Limited.
Tracy, J.C. (2011). Negotiation Procurement contract: The knowledge to
Negotiate, Create space Independent Publishers, North Charleston
URT, (2011). Public procurement Act no. 7 of 2011. Dar es Salaam:
Government printer
Weiss, J. N. (2020). The Book of Real-world Negotiations: Successful Strategies
from Business, Government, and Daily Life. Hoboken, New Jersey:
John Wiley & Sons.

221
 Subject: Procurement Contract Management

Subject Code: C06

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in Procurement Contracts Management.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of principles, practices and techniques for effective managing Procurement
Contracts.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge on ethical challenges and issues that may arise in the context of procurement contract
management.
(d) To enable learners apply principles, practices and techniques for effective managing procurement contract in the organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Procurement Contract Management Skills in Executing Business Activities
Table 42: Learning Areas Matrix for Procurement Contract Management

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Ability to 1.1 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of Procurement contract Procurement contract
execute Introduction to of procurement management management in
procurement procurement contract (b) Differentiate contract from contract business operations
contract contract management management are properly executed.
management in management (c) Explain types of contracts and their legal
business considerations
operations. (d) Determine essentials of a valid contract
(e) Analyze the importance of Procurement
Contract Management

222
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Contract (a) Describe the concept of contract
management management cycle
cycle (b) Identify key players in the contract
management cycle
(c) Discuss the role of key players in the contract
management cycle
2.0 Apply contact 2.1 Contract 2.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of contract formation Procurement contract
formation formation and of contract (b) Determine approaches for contract formation are formulated in the
strategies in strategies formation (c) Explain the key factors to consider in forming organization
procurement a contract
contract 2.1.2 Formation of (a) Analyze the documents that constitute a
formulation a procurement procurement contract (including
contract standardized, non-standardized and for
specialized/customized for a certain industry)
(b) Explain the fundamental terms and conditions
of procurement contract
(c) Discuss the types of procurement contracts
(d) Prepare procurement contract
3.0 Apply 3.1 3.1.1 An Overview (a) Describe the concept of contract Procurement contract
procurement Procurement of contract management plan management plan is
contract contract management plan (b) Analyze procurement contract management applied in executing
management plan management plan business operations
in executing plan (c) Describe the steps for preparing contract
business activities management plan
(d) Analyze the procedures for appointing key
persons involved in contract management
(e) Discuss the change process of managing

223
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
changes in contract management.
3.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of contract procurement
Procurement planning
contract planning (b) Discuss the procurement contract
deliverables
(c) Analyze the strategies for contract
implementation
(d) Discuss the key performance indicators for
successful performance of a contract
(e) Explain the communication and reporting
process
(f) Analyze the management of guarantees and
securities
(g) Determine the procurement contract
management risks (cost, time and quality,
etc.)
(h) Analyze the key contractual provisions to be
monitored
4.0 Describe the 4.1 4.1.1 Overview of (a) Describe the concept of management of The management of
management of Management management of subcontractors subcontractors (sub-
subcontractors of subcontractors (b) Determine the types of subcontractors consultants) in
(sub-consultants) in subcontractors (sub-consultants (c) Explain the contractual arrangements for executing
executing (sub- subcontracting procurement contracts
procurement consultants) is described
contracts

224
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.2 Contractors- (a) Describe the concept of contractor-
subcontractor’s subcontractor relationships
relationships (b) Discuss the roles of a contract manager and
contract management team in managing
contractors
(c) Determine the procedures for monitoring
subcontractors in procurement contracts
(d) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
using subcontractors

5.0 Apply contract 5.1 Contract 5.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of contract Contract
administration in administration of contract administration administration in
managing administration (b) Discuss key steps in contract administration managing
procurement (c) Determine procedures for contract procurement contracts
contracts administration is applied in
(d) Analyze the techniques for effective contract organization
administration
5.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of Procurement contract
Procurement administration
contract (b) Analyze the disputes that may arise from the
administration contract administration
(c) Discuss the way to mitigate disputes that may
arise in the contract
(d) Analyze risk, claims, delays and damages
that may arise from the contract
(e) Explain the ways to deal with various aspects
of contract (e.g warranties, indemnity,

225
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
performance security and performance
declaration, etc.)
(f) Discuss the contract variation process
(g) Apply contract management skills in dispute
resolution
(h) Describe the process of procurement contract
termination
6.0 Apply service 6.1 Service 6.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of SLAs Service level
level agreements in Level of Services Level (b) Determine the key components (checklist) of agreements in
executing Agreements Agreements SLAs executing
procurement (SLAs) (SLAs) (c) Explain the objectives of SLAs procurement activities
activities (d) Discuss the benefits of SLAs is applied
6.1.2 SLAs in (a) Describe the concept of SLAs in
procurement procurement operations
operations (b) Explain the use of SLAs in procurement
operations
(c) Discuss the important provisions for SLAs
(d) Determine the common mistakes in
preparing SLAs.
(e) Appraise the performance and delivery
requirements in SLAs.
(f) Explain ways to measure performance in
SLAs

226
 REFERENCES
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., and Jessop, D. (2022). Procurement
Principles and Management in the Digital Age (12th ed.). Harlow:
Pearson Education Limited.
Fuller, G. (2010). Purchasing Contracts: A Practical Guide. London: Spiramus
Press.
Hackett, M., & Statham, G. (Eds.). (2016). The aqua group guide to
procurement, tendering and contract administration. Hoboken, New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Lysons, K., and Farrington, B. (2020). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (10th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (9th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Oluka, P. N., & Basheka, B. C. (2014). Determinants and constraints to effective
procurement contract management in Uganda: A practitioner’s
perspective. International journal of logistics systems and
management, 17(1), 104-124.
Public Procurement Act No. 7 of 2011, as amended. Public Procurement
Regulations, GN. No. 466 of 2013, as amended The Law of Contract
Act, Cap 345 (R.E.2019).
World Bank (2018). Procurement Guidance: Contract Management Practice,
Washington DC: The World Bank.

227
2.7 Learning Areas for Certified Procurement and Supply Professional (CPSP) II
Subject: Managing Supply Chain Risks

Subject Code: C07

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on Supply Chain Risk Management
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on identifying and managing risks in supply chain of the organization.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge and skills on impact of information technology in managing supply chain risks.
(d) To enable learners apply various techniques and strategies in monitoring and mitigating risks in procurement and supply chain
practices.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Supply Chain Risk Management Skills in Business Operations
Table 38: Learning Areas Matrix for Managing Supply Chain Risks
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of risk management Supply chain
1.1.1 An
supply chain to supply chain (b) Explain the risk management process risks
overview of risk
risks risk (c) Determine the sources and categories of risks management
management
management management (d) Discuss the risk management approaches and skills and
skills and methods knowledge are
knowledge in (a) Describe the concept of supply chain risk applied in
1.1.2 An
business management business
overview of
operations (b) Determine the categories of supply chain risks operations
supply chain risk
(c) Explain the impact of risks in supply chain
management
(d) Discuss the significance of managing risks in supply
chain

228
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
2.1 Risk (a) Describe the concepts of Risk Identification and
management assessment
cycle in supply (b) Discuss risk management cycle in supply chain
chain (c) Explain risk identification and assessment
(d) Determine tools for identification of supply chain
2.1.1 Risk
risks
Identification and
(e) Assess various risks in supply chain.
assessment
(f)Determine various risk frameworks (Supply chain risk
model) in supply chain
(g) Apply qualitative and quantitative approaches to risk
assessment
(h) Analyze risks mitigation strategies in supply chain
(a) Describe the concept of risk evaluation in supply
chain.
(b) Evaluate risk based on the risk management
framework
2.1.2. Risk
(c) Use various tools (e.g. benchmarking and modelling,
evaluation in
etc.) to evaluate risk within the supply chain
supply chain
(d) Apply disaster recovery strategies in mitigating the
effects of various types of risks
(e) Describe concepts of ripple effect and bullwhip effect
as related to evaluation of supply chain risks
(a) Describe concepts of risk response and control
2.1.3 Risk
measures in supply chain
response and
(b) Determine options available for risk response or
control measures
treatments
in supply chain
(c) Analyze the efficiency and feasibility of risk response

229
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(d) Apply risk resolution to key areas within the supply
chain management framework
(e) Monitor the risk rate in supply chain
(f)Develop the risk framework and risk register
(g) Discuss risk mitigation strategies
2.0 Apply 2.1Information, (a) Describe the concept of ICT implications for Information and
Information communication managing risks in supply chain communication
and and monitoring 3.1.1 ICT (b) Discuss the role of information communication Technology is
communication in supply chain Implications for technology in supply chain risk management. applied in
Technology in risk Managing Risks (c) Identify the recent technological advances in supply managing
managing management in supply chain chain risk management supply chain
supply chain (d) Apply various software integrations that would suit risks
risks different types of organizations for supply chain risk
management
(a) Describe the concept of monitoring risks associated
with ICT in supply chain
(b) Determine the risks associated with application of
3.1.2 Monitoring ICT in supply chain
risks associate (c) Apply ICT legal and institutional framework and
with ICT in policy in managing risks in the organization
Supply Chain (d) Evaluate the risks associated with application of ICT
in supply chain
(e) Develop risk mitigation strategies associated with
application of ICT in supply chain.

230
 REFERENCES
Finch, P. (2004). “Supply chain risk management”, Supply Chain Management:
An International Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 183-196.
Flynn, B., Cantor, D., Pagell, M., Dooley, K. J., & Azadegan, A. (2021). From the
editors: introduction to managing supply chains beyond
Covid‐19‐preparing for the next global mega‐disruption. Journal of
Supply Chain Management, 57(1), 3-6.
Khojasteh, Y. (Eds.). (2018). Supply Chain Risk Management: Advanced Tools,
Models, and Developments. Singapore: Springer Nature.
Kliem, R. L. (2021). Political Risk Management for the Global Supply Chain (1st
ed.). New York, United States: Auerbach Publications.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2020). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (10th ed.). Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education
Limited.
Manners-Bell, J. (2020). Supply Chain Risk Management: How to design and
manage resilient supply Chains (10th ed.). London, United Kingdom:
Kogan Page Publishers.
Mchopa, A. D., William, J. M., & Kimaro, J. M. (2020). Global Supply Chains
Vulnerability and Distortions Amidst Covid19 Pandemic: Antecedents
for Building Resilience in Downstream Logistics. Journal of Co-
Operative and Business Studies, 5(2), 74–83.
Omer Abdullah, O., & Chandar, S. (2021). Risk And Your Supply Chain:
Preparing for the Next Global Crisis. Hertfordshire, United Kingdom:
The Endless Bookcase.
Ramakrishna, Y. (Ed.). (2022). Handbook of Research on Supply Chain
Resiliency, Efficiency, and Visibility in the Post-Pandemic Era. IGI
Global.
Rhee, S.H., Bae, H. and Choi, Y. (2006), “Enhancing the efficiency of supply
chain processes through web services”, Information Systems Frontiers,
vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 103-118.
Ritchie, B. and Brindley, C. (2007). “Supply chain risk management and
performance: A guiding framework for future development”,
International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 27,
no. 3, pp. 303-322.
Sakthivel, A. R., Kandasamy, J., & Davim, J. P. (Eds.). (2022). Managing supply
chain risk and disruptions: Post COVID-19. Switzerland: Springer
Nature.
Wagner, S.M. and Bode, C. (2008), “An empirical examination of supply chain
performance along several dimensions of risk”, Journal of Business
Logistics, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 307-325.
Zsidisin, G. A. (2003), “Managerial perceptions of supply risk”, Journal of Supply
Chain Management, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 14-25.

231
Subject Name: Global Strategic Procurement

Subject Code: C08

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in Global Strategic Procurement
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of evaluating the influence of strategic supply chain management in assessing the
supply chain performance.
(c) To acquaint learners with principles and techniques involved in global sourcing decision for effective undertaking strategic
procurement.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate principles and techniques in conducting global strategic procurement in the organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply global strategic procurement skills and knowledge in execution of business activities.
Table 44: Learning Areas Matrix for Global Strategic Procurement

SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Use the 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of global The concept of global
concept of global to global of global strategic strategic procurement strategic procurement are
strategic strategic procurement (b) Discuss procurement strategy applied in the execution of
procurement in procurement (c) Determine the levels of strategy and business operations
execution of their applicability
business (d) Discuss the contribution of strategic
operations. procurement management

1.1.2 Global (a) Describe the concept of global

232
 SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
strategic strategic procurement process
procurement (b) Explain the steps involved in global
process strategic procurement process
(c) Identify key stakeholders involved in
strategic procurement process
2.0 Apply global 2.1 Global 2.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of procurement Global procurement
procurement procurement of global strategies strategy in executing
strategy in strategy procurement (b) Determine various global business activities is
executing business strategies procurement strategies applied
activities (c) Explain the essential steps for an
effective global sourcing strategy
(d) Discuss the relationship between
strategy and corporate, business and
functional structures in organizations
(e) Explain the alignment of corporate
strategies with procurement
strategies
(f) Analyze the management of
resources to support the
development and implementation of
strategy
2.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of
Globalization and globalization and strategic
strategic procurement
Procurement (b) Determine the nature and scope of
globalization and strategic
procurement
233
 SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Explain the drivers of change in
global supply markets
(d) Evaluate the strategies to address
changes and challenges in global
procurement
(e) Discuss the global procurement
operations amidst risky
environment
(f) Appraise the application of
emerging technologies in global
procurement (e.g. blockchain,
artificial intelligence, etc.)
(g) Discuss challenges and mitigation
strategies for globalization and
strategic procurement
2.1.3 Application (a) Describe the concept of global
of global procurement strategies
procurement (b) Discuss the value analysis and value
strategies engineering
(c) Explain early buyer involvement in
global procurement strategies
(d) Analyze the applicability of ‘make or
buy’ decisions in global sourcing
(e) Discuss the supplier development and
early supplier involvement
(f) Appraise the aspects of supplier
mapping and supplier base
234
 SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
rationalization
(g) Elaborate the applicability of green
and sustainable sourcing
2.1.4 Outsourcing (a) Describe the concept of outsourcing
in procurement in procurement
(b) Differentiate between off-shoring
and outsourcing in procurement
(c) Discuss the drivers and reasons for
outsourcing in procurement
(d) Validate the benefits and
challenges of outsourcing
(e) Discuss the process of outsourcing
in global procurement
(f) Ascertain the contemporary trends
and practices in global outsourcing
3.0 Apply global 3.1 Global 3.1.1 Global (a) Describe the concept of Global Global sourcing strategy in
sourcing strategy sourcing sourcing sourcing decisions executing business
in executing decisions (b) Determine various global sourcing operations is applied
business decisions
operations (c) Evaluate characteristics of global
strategic decisions in organizations
(d) Determine factors for global
sourcing
3.1.2 Global (a) Describe the concept of global
sourcing process sourcing process
(b) Determine stages of formulating a
global sourcing strategy
235
 SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Explain the operationalization of
global sourcing for procurement
(d) Analyze the strategic sourcing
process in procurement
(e) Explain hidden costs in global
sourcing
(f) Manage risks in global sourcing
4.0 Apply 4.1International 4.1.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of International procurement
international procurement to international international procurement skills and knowledge in
procurement skills procurement (b) Differentiate local from international executing business
and knowledge in procurement. operations are applied
executing business (c) Explain the forms of international
operations procurement
(d) Describe the reasons for
international procurement
(e) Determine the motives for
international procurement
(f) Explain the countertrade, free trade
and restrictions arrangements in
global procurement
(g) Determine the relationship between
international and global
procurement
4.1.2International (a) Describe the concept of
procurement international procurement process
process (b) Discuss the international
procurement cycle
236
 SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(c) Determine the process of handling
international procurement disputes
(d) Explain the applicability of
International Commercial Terms
(INCOTERMS)
(e) Discuss the import and export
management (regulating organs,
process and documentations)
(f) Appraise the use of International
Procurement Offices (IPOs) in
sourcing
4.1.3 (a) Describe the concepts of
Multinational Multinational firms, economic
firms, economic integration and regional blocs
integration and (b) Discuss the functionality of
regional blocs commercial organizations in
international procurement
(c) Differentiate multinational firms
from strategic alliances
(d) Determine the applicability of the
economic integration aspects in
procurement practices
(e) Discuss the applicability of
international agencies regulations
in procurement practices

237
 SPECIFIC
LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
4.1.4 Managing (a) Describe the concept of managing
international international procurement risks
procurement risks (b) Discuss various risks associated
with international procurement
(c) Determine the sources of risks
associated with international
procurement
(d) Explain the challenges in managing
risks associated with international
procurement
(e) Discuss mitigation strategies for
managing risks in international
procurement

238
 REFERENCES
Agua, P. B., Correia, A., & Frias, A. S. (2022). Strategic Procurement
Negotiation. In Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the
Globalized Business Era (pp. 1-23). IGI Global.
Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement
Principles and Management (11th ed.). London: Pearson Education
Limited.
Belvedere, V., & Grando, A. (2017). Sustainable operations and supply chain
management. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Booth, C. (2015). Strategic Procurement: Organizing Supplier and Supply Chain
for Competitive Advantage. London: Kogan Page.
Cohen, S and Roussel, J. (2013). Strategic Supply Chain Management. London:
McGraw Hill.
Lysons, K., & Farrington, B. (2016). Procurement and Supply Chain
Management (9th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Menon, R. R., & Ravi, V. (2021). Analysis of barriers of sustainable supply chain
management in electronics industry: an interpretive structural
modelling approach. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 3,
100026.
Payne, J. and Dorn, W. R. (2011). Enhancing profitability through strategic
sourcing. New York: Wiley & Sons.
Sollish, F. and Semanik, J. S. (2011). Strategic Global Sourcing: Best Practices.
New York: Wiley & Sons.
Wallace, W. L and Xia, Y. L. (2014). Delivering Customer Values through
Procurement and Strategic Sourcing. London: Pearson Press
Wallace, W. L. and Xia, Y.L. (2014). Purchasing, Procurement and Strategic
Sourcing. London: Pearson Press
Weigel, U. and Ruecker, M. (2017). The strategic procurement practice guide.
Springer, 10, 978-973.

239
Subject Name: Leadership and Governance

Subject Code: C09

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in Leadership and Corporate Governance.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in Leadership required achieving organizational and stakeholder commitment in
Supply chain perspective.
(c) To acquaint learners with principles involved in leadership and corporate governance for effective managing the supply chain.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate principles in leadership and corporate governance in execution of strategic procurement
and supply chain in the organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply leadership and governance in managing organizations
Table 45: Learning Areas Matrix for Leadership and Governance

SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1. 1.0 Apply 1.1Leadership 1.1.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of leadership Leadership
leadership to leadership (b) Explain various types of leadership principles and
principles concepts (c) Determine characteristics of an effective leader skills are
and skills in (d) Explain sources of leadership power applied in
managing (e) Apply the emerging leadership theories in managing
organization corporate governance practices organizations
s

240
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Principles of (a) Explain the principles of leadership
Leadership (b) Discuss various approaches and styles of
leadership
(c) Analyze the application of leadership approaches
in organizational practices
1.1.3 Leadership (a) Determine leadership opportunities
opportunities and (b) Explain the challenges of leadership and
challenges mitigation strategies
(c) Analyze lobbying and advocacy
(d) Classify the types of lobbying; and
(e) Demonstrate application of lobbying and
advocacy as applied in leadership
2.0 Apply 2.1 Corporate 2.1.1 Introduction (a) Describe the concept of corporate governance Corporate
corporate governance to corporate (b) State the objectives of corporate governance governance
governance governance (c) Determine the elements of effective corporate process are
process in governance compiled in
managing (d) Explain the importance of corporate governance managing
organization (e) Apply the theories and models of corporate organizations.
s governance in managing organization
(f) Explain the challenges of corporate governance
and its mitigation strategies
2.1.3 (a) Describe the concept of organization structure
Organization (b) Explain the objectives of an organization structure
structure (c) Analyze various designs of organization structure
(d) Evaluate different forms of span of control

241
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
2.1.4 (a) Discuss the principles of corporate governance
Principles of (b) State core values in corporate governance
corporate (c) Explain corporate legal frameworks as a tool to
governance effective corporate governance;
(d) Determine key performance indicators in corporate
governance
2.1.5 Corporate (a) Describe the concept of corporate governance
governance control systems
control system (b) Explain the role of corporate governance control
systems in enhancing corporate governance
(c) Apply the knowledge of leadership and practices to
demonstrate corporate governance control systems
(d) Discuss the role of board of directors in corporate
governance control system
2.1.6 Change (a) Describe the concept of change management
management (b) Discuss change management process
(c) Explain factors leading to change
(d) Apply models, theories and approaches of change
management for corporate governance
(e) Discuss the challenges encountered in change
management
(f) Explain mitigation strategies for change
management

242
 SPECIFIC
ASSESSMENT
SN LEARNING TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS
CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
3 3.0 Apply 3.1 Risk 3.1.1 Basics of (a) Describe the concept of corporate risk management Risk
risk management corporate risk (b) Explain the objectives of managing corporate risks management
management in corporate management (c) Discuss the risk management process in corporate skills are
skills in governance governance; applied in
corporate (d) Explain the challenges encountered when corporate
governance managing corporate risks governance.
3.1.2 Corporate (a) Describe the concept of corporate risk management
risk management framework
framework (b) Determine corporate risk management framework
(c) Apply institutional framework in corporate risk
management
(d) Discuss mitigation strategies for managing
corporate risks

243
 REFERENCES
Fernando, A. C., Muraleedharan, K. P., and Satheesh, E. K. (2017) (3rd Edition).
Corporate Governance principles, policies and practices. New Delhi:
Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd.
John, H. (2014). The Theory and practice of change management (4th Edition).
London: Palgrave Macmillan.
George, E. R & Michael J. M. (2017). Principles of Risk Management and
Insurance (3rd Edition). London: Pearson Education Limited.
de Kluyver, C, A. (2013). A Primer on Corporate Governance: Business Expert
Press (2nd Edition).
Taylor, J.C Jr. (2021). Reset: A Leader's Guide to Work in an Age of Upheaval.
Public Affairs.
Monks, R. A. G & Nell Minow, N (2011). Corporate Governance (5th ed.). United
States: John Wiley& Sons.
Thomas, Wolf. (2014). Effective Leadership for Nonprofit Organizations: How
Executive Directors and Boards Work Together. Allworth.
Daniel G., Michael D. W., Herminia I. & Michael E. P. (2020). HBR's 10 Must
Reads on Leadership, Vol. 2 (with bonus article "The Focused
Leader" By Daniel Goleman). Harvard Business Review Press.
OECD (2014). Risk Management and Corporate Governance, Corporate
Governance, OECD Publishing. http:// dx.doi. org/ 10.1787/
9789264208636-en.

244
 Subject Name: Strategic Asset Management

Code: C10

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on Strategic asset management.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills on strategic planning for assets management.
(c) To apply strategies for assets management in business operations.
(d) To appraise Legal framework and Governance for strategic asset management in business operations.

Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Strategic Assets Management Techniques in Organizations

Table 46: Learning Areas Matrix for Strategic Assets Management
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1. 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 An overview (a) Describe the concept of strategic asset Strategic asset
to strategic assets of strategic asset management management
management management (b) Explain the strategic asset management techniques are
objectives introduced in
(c) Determine the elements of strategic asset Business operations.
management

245
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.1.2 Integrated (a) Describe the concept of integrated strategic
strategic asset management
asset (b) Explain the dimensions of integrated
management strategic asset management
(c) Determine the Integrated asset
management approaches
1.0 Use 1.1.3 Strategic (a) Describe the concepts of strategic asset
strategic assets acquisition and development
asset acquisition (b) Discuss strategic asset acquisition options
manageme and in organizations
nt in development (c) Assess strategic fit between corporate
business objectives and asset management strategy
operations (d) Analyze risks and risk management
approaches for acquisition options
(e) Examine the asset safety, compatibility and
environmental concerns in the organization
1.1.4 Verification (a) Describe the concepts of verification and
and valuation valuation of assets
of asset (b) Explain the purpose of asset verification
and valuation of asset
(c) Determine the procedures for conducting
verification and valuation of assets
(d) Apply Modern techniques in conducting
asset tracking, verification and valuation
(e) Discuss the barriers of verification and
valuation of asset
2.0 Ability to 2.1 Strategic 2.1.1 introduction (a) Describe the concepts of strategic planning Strategic asset

246
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
develop strategic planning for asset to strategic for asset management management
asset planning for management planning for asset (b) Explain the strategic asset management planning process are
asset management planning process applied in business
Management. (c) Discuss the importance of strategic operations.
planning for asset management in the
organization
(d) Prepare strategic asset management plan
2.2.2 Asset life (a) Describe the concept of asset life cycle
cycle management management
(b) Discuss the stages of asset life cycle
management
(c) Appraise the best practices of asset life
cycle management
2.2.3 Demand (a) Describe the concept of Demand planning
planning strategies strategies for asset management
for asset (b) Explain various strategies for asset
management management planning
(c) Determine demand and supply of Assets in
business operations
(d) Analyze the demand forecasting techniques
and expenditure planning in Asset
management
(e) Determine Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
and Life cycle costing of Asset in the
organization
2.2.4 Asset (a) Describe the concept of asset performance
performance measures

247
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
measures (b) Identify the asset performance
measurement tools
(c) Determine the key performance indicators
for asset management
(d) Discuss the key factors affecting
performance measures in asset
management
3.1. Asset 3.1.1 Legal (a) Describe the concept of legal framework in Legal instrument
3.0 Apply legal management legal framework in asset asset management governing asset
frameworks and framework and management (b) Discuss the legal framework governing assets management and
governance governance management governance are
process for asset (c) Determine various policies and guidelines for complied in business
management. asset management operations.

3.2.2 Asset (a) Describe the concept of asset management

Management governance
Governance (b) Differentiate asset management from asset
governance
(c) Discuss the application of international
standards for asset management
(d) Discuss the governance models for
successful asset management
(e) Analyze non-financial asset measurement,
accounting and reporting
(f) Apprise risks in asset management
(g) Develop an asset register

248
 REFERENCES
Antony, N. and Hasting, J. (2009); Physical Asset Management ( 2nd Edition).
Springer Publisher.
Arcuri, M.C. (2019). Asset Management: Strategies, Opportunities and
Challenges. New York, United States: Nova Science Publishers.
Balzer, G & Schorn, C. (2022). Asset Management for Infrastructure Systems:
Energy and Water (2nd ed.). Switzerland: Springer Nature.
Deadman, C. (2010). Strategic assets management (1st Edition). Troubador
Publishing Ltd .
Ford, G. L., Ancell, G., Hill, E. S., Levine, J., Reali, C., Rijks, E., & Sanchis, G.
(2022). Business Case Development for Support of Asset Management
Investment. In Power System Assets: Investment, Management,
Methods and Practices (pp. 201-241). Cham: Springer International
Publishing.
Higham, A., Challender, J., & Watts, G. (2022). Introduction to Built Asset
Management. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Lloyd, C. (2009). Asset Management: Whole Life management. Thomas Telford
Publishing.
Mohammadi, A., & Amador Jimenez, L. (2022). Introduction to Asset
Management for Infrastructure. In Asset Management Decision-Making
For Infrastructure Systems (pp. 1-17). Springer, Cham.
Naqvi, A. (2021). Artificial Intelligence for Asset Management and Investment: A
Strategic Perspective. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Peurose, H. (2008). Physical Asset Management for the Executive. Success by
Design Press.
Velmurugan, R. S., & Dhingra, T. (2021). Asset Maintenance Strategic Plan for
Operational Excellence. In Asset Maintenance Management in
Industry (pp. 137-158). Springer, Cham.

249
Subject Name: Procurement and Supply Chain Audit

Subject Code: C11

Subject Objectives
(a) To equip learners with knowledge and skills in Procurement and Supply Audit.
(b) To equip learners with knowledge and skills of conducting risk-based auditing in Procurement and Supply Chain practices.
(c) To acquaint learners with knowledge on professional etiquette in conducting procurement and supply audit.
(d) To enable learners apply appropriate techniques of auditing in conducting risked based procurement and supply audit in the
organization.
Subject Learning Outcome: Apply Procurement and Supply Auditing Skills in Organizations
Table 47: Learning Areas Matrix for Procurement and Supply Audit

SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
1.0 Apply 1.1 1.1.1 An (a) Describe the concept of auditing Auditing skills
audit Introduction overview of (b) Discuss the fundamental principles of audit are clearly
knowledge to auditing auditing (c) Explain types and classes of audits applied in
and skills in principles (d) Determine the objectives and importance of audit procurement
procurement (e) Explain similarities and differences between private and public and supply
and supply audit operations
operations 1.1.2 (a) Describe the concept of auditing methodology
Auditing (b) Explain the audit approaches
methodology (c) Discuss the familiarization, planning and formulation of audit
strategy
(d) Explain the records required for audit work;
250
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(e) Determine audit evidence, and types of audit evidence
(f) Explain contents of working papers
(g) Explain the aspects of audit reporting
1.1.3 (a) Explain the concept of auditing tools
Auditing (b) Analyze various audit tools
tools (c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of audit tools.

1.2 Risk 1.2.1 An (a) Describe the concept of procurement and supply chain audit Risk based
based overview of (b) Determine the scope of audit in procurement and supply procurement
procurement procurement (c) Discuss auditing basic procedures and internal controls in and supply
and supply and chain procurement and Supply audit are
chain audit supply audit (d) Determine audit requirements for entry and exit meetings. cleared
(e) Describe procurement and supply chain audit for technical identified in the
and economic evaluations organizations
(f) Discuss value for money and contract performance auditing
(g) Explain technical audit in procurement for works, goods and
services
(h) Discuss auditing in supply activities like warehousing,
transportation and distribution
(i) Explain corruption red flags exposed in procurement audit
1.2.2 Risk (a) Describe the concept of risk based in procurement and
based supply audit
procurement (b) Identify the risks involved in procurement and supply audit
and supply (c) Determine the procedures involved in risk assessment in
auditing procurement and supply audit
(d) Develop checklist of risk-based procurement and supply
auditing,

251
SPECIFIC TOPIC SUB TOPIC RELATED TASKS ASSESSMENT
LEARNING CRITERIA
OUTCOMES
(e) Explain the procedures for undertaking forensic audits in
procurement and supply.
(f) Determine differences and similarities between investigation
and audit
(g) Discuss the procurement fraud schemes
(h) Apply the best practices in procurement audit and risk
management
1.3 1.3.1 Legal (a) Describe the concept of legal and institutional framework as Procurement
Procurement and applied in procurement and supply audit and supply
and supply institutional (b) Identify the parties involved in procurement and supply audit audit
audit framework (c) Explain the rights and responsibilities of parties involved in governance is
governance audit applied in
(d) Determine the skills and qualities of a procurement and supply organization
auditor
(e) Discuss the fundamental principles, standards and ethics of
audit
(f)Demonstrate the types of auditor reports and their respective
circumstances of application
(g) Appraise the scope and process of audit in procurement and
supply
1.3.2 Audit (a) Describe the concept of internal control system
and Internal (b) Review internal control systems
control (c) Discuss the authorization and approval procedures in the
system organization
(d) Develop audit plan and set-up for internal control checks
(e) Prepare an audit implementation plan, verification and
investigation programs.

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