Republic of the Philippines

Western Mindanao State University

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Bachelor of Elementary Education
Zamboanga City

Subject: AS22 ECE21 Management of Early Childhood Education Program

Topic 2: Types of early childhood education (ECE) schools and programs in the
Philippines and other parts of the world

Group 2

Sabandal, Hapida

Sadaramil, Ruhina

Sahak, Marjaina

Salialam, Darl Wilson

BECED 3

I. Activity: Word Cloud

Directions: The class will be divided into 8 groups. The presenter will be showing
a picture to the class. The groups are tasked to make a word cloud based on the picture.
They have 5 minutes to list the possible words related to the picture shown. After making
the word cloud, each group will choose a representative to share their output with the
class. Each group is given 1 minute to present their output.

II. Analysis

1. In your own words, what is a school for you?

2. Based on the words that you have listed, what are the words that are
common among the other groups?

3. For you as a future early childhood teacher, how crucial is early education
among children?

4. Someday if you will become a parent, what things are you going to consider
in choosing a school for your children?
III. Abstraction

Introduction (Salialam)

Early childhood education is a period when children start to learn basic skills,
social and emotional skills, develop their interests, and form a relationships between
their parents, peers, and teachers. It is their foundation and groundwork for their future
development.

Early childhood education (ECE) 1 offers a vital foundation for lifelong learning by
nurturing children’s foundation and transferable skills that prepare them to participate in
primary education and beyond while reducing the risk of school failure. As such,
investment in ECE has long-term positive impacts on children’s education

The Philippines supports one year of kindergarten as compulsory education for

all 5-year-old children as initiated in the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012. Moreover,
the Early Years Act of 2013 mandated the Early Childhood Care and Development
(ECCD) Council to coordinate the various ECCD programs offered by the Department of
Education (DepEd), the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the
Department of Health (DOH), and the National Nutrition Council (NNC), as well as
monitor the delivery of services by the local government units (LGU) to beneficiaries
nationwide. These include the provision of Pre-school education for 3- to 5-year-old
children.

“Early childhood care and education (ECCE) is more than preparation for primary
school. It aims at the holistic development of a child’s social, emotional, cognitive, and
physical needs to build a solid and broad foundation for lifelong learning and wellbeing.
ECCE has the possibility to nurture caring, capable and responsible future citizens.”,
says UNESCO about the importance of early childhood education.

Hence, early care and education puts emphasis on the social, emotional, cognitive, and
physical needs of the child for a strong foundation of learning and well-being throughout
life.

Early Childhood Programs

Whether you choose a discovery-focused or academic-based program is up to your

personal preference, as well as your child's individual needs, age, energy level, and
maturity. It might also depend on the length of the program you want (full day or half
day). To make the decision easier, check out our guide to 8 popular preschool
philosophies and programs.

And keep in mind, although our list is numbered, it's not a list that reflects that one is
better than another; each program has its own considerations for different children.

 Montessori

Developed by physician and educator Maria Montessori, this comprehensive

preschool program takes a developmental approach to learning. All teachers must have
a Montessori certification. The curriculum emphasizes nature, creativity, Montessori
materials, and hands-on learning with gentle guidance provided by the teachers.
Children focus on activities that align with their interests, which develops independence
and natural curiosity.

Overall, the goal of the Montessori method is to develop a child's senses, character,
practical life skills, and academic ability. "If your child is accustomed to a more rigorous
schedule or guided learning, this may not be the right fit," says Hilary Levey Friedman,
Ph.D., parenting expert and author of Playing to Win: Raising Children in a Competitive
Culture. Many Montessori programs continue past preschool into the adolescent stage.
 Waldorf

This preschool program is based on the teachings of Austrian writer Rudolf

Steiner, and it strives to nurture a child's spirit, soul, body, and interests. The Waldorf
program involves creative, hands-on group learning with a focus on rhythmic repetition in
a supportive environment. Indeed, the formulation of daily and weekly routines, as well
as the cozy atmosphere of the classroom, create a "home-like" environment for the
students.

The Waldorf program seeks to generate a strong inner enthusiasm for learning and
develop children's innate abilities and talents. It's especially useful for preschoolers who
thrive with set schedules. Instruction is teacher-directed, and every teacher must be
Waldorf certified.

 High Scope

The High Scope Preschool Curriculum uses a carefully designed approach called
active participatory learning. Children have hands-on experiences with their
surroundings, which fosters the development of problem-solving tactics, conflict-
resolution methods, and other important skills. Learning is supported through consistent
daily routines and well-organized classrooms.

High Scope takes an academic slant with planned experiences in the basic subjects of
math, reading, and science. It's based on past and current child development research.
The backbone of the preschool program is "plan-do-review"—children plan out how to
complete a certain project, work to reach their goal, and analyze the results afterward.

 Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia schools formed in Italy in the 1940s; Loris Malaguzzi is credited
with guiding the vision for this approach and network of schools in Italy, and many global
preschool programs embrace this open-ended and child-led philosophy today.

With an emphasis on exploration, the program focuses on the importance of community

and self-expression. Students learn through art, projects, and activities that reflect their
ideas and interests. There's also an emphasis on collaborative and cooperative
classroom activities and the approach considers the child's environment their "third
teacher."

Teachers don't complete any formal Reggio Emilia training or credentialing. That's
because Reggio Emilia is an overarching educational theory and practice, rather than a
set method. Educators consider the students' intellectual, emotional, and creative
potential when encouraging their self-guided learning.

 Bank Street

Lucy Sprague Mitchell is credited with creating this developmental approach, and
educational philosopher John Dewey was a strong influence. The approach focuses on a
child's mental, social, emotional, and physical growth. In these Tpreschool programs, the
child is an active learner and gains knowledge about the world through experience.
Students set the learning pace, and the teacher serves as a guide.

Comparable to play-based learning, the Bank Street approach teaches lessons through
hands-on activities like building blocks, puzzles, clay, and dramatic play. Preschoolers
often work in a non-competitive group environment.

 Co-Ops

If you want to be directly involved with your child's school experience, consider a
cooperative preschool, where parents and caregivers can work closely with the
classroom teachers. In some settings, the parents involved can even choose a teacher
to hire or alternate on a more home-school capacity by rotating a lead volunteer teacher.
Parents and caregivers might help with lessons, observe classroom behavior, and share
in the business operation by serving on the school's board of directors.
 A co-op can focus on any preschool philosophy that parents desire—or even
combine multiple philosophies for a unique approach to learning. It's important to note,
however, that co-ops require plenty of responsibilities and time commitments.

 Play-based

Play-based learning is a type of early childhood education based on child-led and

open-ended play. If you’re picturing preschoolers' finger painting or ‘playing house’,
you’re spot on. Play itself is a voluntary, enjoyable activity with no purpose or end goal.
Believe it or not, activities like this lay the foundation for a child to become a curious and
excited learner later in life. Play-based learning helps children develop social skills,
motivation to learn, and even language and numeracy skills. Taking initiative, focused
attention, and curiosity about the world are all a part of play.

 Faith-based

Religious preschools incorporate theological themes into the children’s learning

sessions. Every religious preschool develops its philosophy according to its particular
religion and its teachings. It aims to provide an environment where both teachers and
children discuss their beliefs openly while practicing their faith.

Early Childhood Schools

 Private: for-profit, corporate, employer-supported (Sahak)

 For Profit - Privately owned institutions operating with a profit motive

 Corporate - Companies may establish schools for the children of their

employees

 Employer-Supported - Schools supported by employers to benefit their

workforce.

Examples of Schools

 International School Manila: This is a private, non-sectarian, non-profit school

located in Bonifacio Global City, offering an international curriculum. The curriculum
at the primary level is inquiry-based and challenges the students to be creative,
independent thinkers.

 The Learning Tree Child Growth Center: A for-profit school that provides a holistic
approach to child development. THE LEARNING TREE Experimential-Integrative
Approach to education nourishes this intrinsic make-up of the child. Classroom
experiences are age-appropriate and emphasize the process of learning. Activities
are integrated into the different subject matter areas so that the child learns to make
real and meaningful connections between them. In this way, the child sees life as a
whole.

 Non-Profit Schools: Cooperative schools, Sectarian/Church-Based

(Sadaramil)

 Cooperative Schools: Managed collectively by teachers, parents, or

community members.

 Sectarian/Church-Based: Affiliated with religious organizations, often

providing moral and religious education.

Examples of Schools
 Miriam College: A non-profit, Catholic school in Quezon City that offers programs
from pre-school to post-graduate.

 The Raya School: A non-profit progressive school that incorporates Filipino culture
into its curriculum.

 Public/Government Schools: Day care Centers, National Child Development

Centers, and DepEd Schools

 Day Care Centers: Focused on care and early learning for young children.

 National Child Development Centers: Government-supported centers for

child development.

 DepEd Schools: Schools under the Department of Education, covering

kindergarten to primary levels.

Examples of Schools

 Quezon City Public Daycare Centers: Operated by the local government, these
daycare centers provide early childhood care and education services.

 DepEd Kindergarten Schools: The Department of Education (DepEd) operates

public kindergarten schools across the country.

 Other Parts of the World (Sabandal)

 United States

 Bright Horizons: This is a large, for-profit corporate chain of early education

and childcare centers.

 Head Start: A government-funded program that provides early childhood

education to low-income families.

 Sweden

 Förskola (Preschool): In Sweden, preschools are subsidized by the

government and are available for children from the age of one.

 Japan

 Yōchien (Kindergarten): These are private, for-profit schools for children aged
three to six.

 Hoikuen (Daycare Centers): These are government-funded and typically

serve children from infancy until preschool age.
IV. Application

Name: Score:

Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify which program the statement refer
to. Encircle the best answer.

1. The goal of this program is to develop practical life skills.

a. Reiggo Emilia b. Montessori c. Bank Street

2. This preschool program is based on the teachings of Austrian writer Steiner.

a. Bank Street b. High - Scope c. Waldorf

3. This program focuses on the importance of community and self-expression.

a. Montessori b. Reiggo Emilia c. Play-Based

4. Companies may establish schools for the children of their employees.

a. For-Profit b. Corporate c. Employer supported

5. The core subjects in this program are math, reading, and science.

a. High-Scope b. Bank Street c. Waldorf

True or False: write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

___ 1. The High Scope Preschool Curriculum uses a carefully designed approach called
active non-participatory learning.

___ 2. Corporate schools are managed collectively by teachers, parents, or community

members.

___ 3. Faith-Based is a religious preschools incorporate theological themes into the

children’s learning sessions.

___ 4. Day Care Centers focused on care and early learning for young children

___ 5. The Philippines supports one year of kindergarten as compulsory education for all
5-year-old children as initiated in the Kindergarten Education Act of 2013.

V. References

 https://www.unicef.org/philippines/media/6111/file/Early%20Childhood
%20Education.pdf

 https://varlyproject.blog/early-childhood-care-and-education-in-the-philippines/

 https://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/starting-preschool/preparing/6-
types-of-preschool-programs/

 https://www.wonderschool.com/p/parent-resources/what-is-play-based-learning/

 https://www.state.gov/international-school-manila-fact-sheet/
 https://thelearningtree.ph/info/about_us/