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Describe Trends

The document provides information on verbs, nouns, phrases, and adverbs used to describe trends and patterns that go up, down, or remain stable over time. It lists terms like "climb", "increase", "decline", and "remain" for upward and downward trends. Adverbs like "sharply" and "gradually" describe how trends change. Additional ways to discuss trends include fluctuations, peaks, plateaus, and projecting future changes.

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27 views6 pages

Describe Trends

The document provides information on verbs, nouns, phrases, and adverbs used to describe trends and patterns that go up, down, or remain stable over time. It lists terms like "climb", "increase", "decline", and "remain" for upward and downward trends. Adverbs like "sharply" and "gradually" describe how trends change. Additional ways to discuss trends include fluctuations, peaks, plateaus, and projecting future changes.

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Mỹ Dung Nguyễn
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Verbs to describe an upward trend

The following verbs can be used to describe a trend or pattern that goes up.
 climb (past: climbed)
 go up (past: went up)
 grow (past: grew)
 increase (past: increased)
 jump (past: jumped)
 rise (past: rose)
 rocket (past: rocketed)
 soar (soar = to increase rapidly above the normal level)

Sentence examples using words that show an upward trend:


 The number of enrolments increased significantly between 2005 and 2010.
 Production rose from 800 units in May to 1000 units the following month.
Verbs to describe a downward trend
The following verbs can be used to describe a trend or pattern that goes down.
 decline (past: declined)
 decrease (past: decreased)
 drop (past: dropped)
 fall (past: fell)
 go down (past: went down)
 plummet (past: plummeted) = to fall or drop suddenly in amount or value
 plunge (past: plunged) = to fall or drop suddenly in amount or value
Plunge and Plummet, when describing trends, have the same meaning.
+ plummet (by) sth First-half advertising revenues plummeted 13%, compared with the
same period a year ago.
plummet to sth The food retailer's shares plummeted 17.5p to 227.5p.
a plummet in sth The petrol retailer denies its 25% dividend hike is to prop up
the shares after a plummet in the price from 270p to 118p.
+ plunge to sth Share prices plunged $16.74, or 44%, to $20.51 a share.
plunge by sth The Dow was 40 points ahead, having plunged by 60 points shortly after
the opening bell.
plunge from sth Visitor numbers plunged from 25million in 2010 to 22.8million - but they
are now recovering.
Sentence examples using words that show a downward trend:
 Prices of Model X dropped significantly once Model Y became available on the
market.
 Company profits decreased in 2013 by 15%.
Words and phrases used to describe a stable trend
To describe a more or less stable pattern, you can use the following expressions:
 maintain (past: maintained)
 remain (past: remained)
 stay (past: stayed)
 constant
 stable
 steady
 unchanged
 level off (Ex: Unemployment rose to ten percent and then levelled off.)
Remain is used much more than the verb Stay
Adverbs used when describing trends
Adverbs describe HOW something happens. They usually come after a verb.
 sharply, rapidly, quickly, steeply
 considerably, significantly, substantially
 steadily, gradually, moderately
 slightly, slowly
To see the degree of intensity of these adverbs, look at the chart below.
 Slightly, slowly … this mean it happens at a small rate or amount.
 Then we have steadily, gradually, and moderately which mean that the change is
at more than a small amount though not a large amount.
 When the change is by a large amount, we can use considerably, significantly,
and substantially.
 When the change is by a VERY large amount, we can
use rapidly, sharply, quickly or steeply.
 You can see that these adverbs have different degrees of strength.

Academic Writing Task 1 Summary Chart

Nouns used when describing trends


 decline
 decrease
 dip (a momentarily small drop in the level of something) [ a dip in sth ]
 drop
 fall
 fluctuation (= an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation)
 growth
 increase
 peak (= the highest point)
 rise
 slump (= a severe or prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something)
 variation (= a change or difference in condition, amount, or level)
 The verb to drop becomes the noun drop
 The verb to fall becomes the noun fall
 The verb to rise becomes the noun rise
Just be careful with the EXCEPTIONS:
 To grow becomes the noun growth
 To improve becomes the noun improvement
 To fluctuate becomes the noun fluctuation
 To vary becomes the noun variation
 To reduce becomes… reduction
 To lose becomes … a loss
A dip is a momentary drop in the level of something before it returns to its normal level.
The verb is to dip… we double the final P in the past tense.
Some additional ways of describing trends include:
A fluctuation (this is an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; it is like a
variation, something that is NOT stable)
The verb is…. to fluctuate. For example: Prices fluctuated over that time period.
We also have a peak (which is the highest point). Peak is a noun.
To use it with a verb we say: reach a peak which means it goes up to arrive at its highest
point.
The opposite of peak is the lowest point or lowest amount.
We can use two verbs with this:
FALL to its lowest point or HIT its lowest point.
Notice how we need the preposition TO after FALL but we don’t use TO after the verb HIT.
a plateau … is when the trend goes up … and then remains level or stable for an amount
of time. [ plateau: a period during which there are no large change]
The verb to use with plateau is REACH a plateau
Highlighting a trend in a table or chart - close

is the growth of …
is the high rate of …
is the variability of …
is the dominance of …
What is striking
table is the rapid decrease in …
What stands out
in this chart is the steady decline of …
What is interesting
figure is the general pattern of …
What can be clearly seen
is the dramatic decline in …
is the continual growth of …
is the difference between …
is the phenomenal growth of …

Describing high and low points in figures - close


Production of X peaked in 1985.
X rose to a high point and peaked in …
The peak age for committing a crime is 18.
The number of Xs reached a peak during …
Production of X reached a low point in 1990.
The rate fell to a low point of $5.00 at the end of the year.

Projecting trends - close

fall
fall
reach …
rise to …
increase
is likely to
The rate of Z level off
will probably
The amount of Y decline by … after 2020.
is expected to
The number of Xs drop sharply
is projected to
remain steady
be as high as …
decline steadily
continue decreasing
grow by more than …

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