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Electricity and Circuits

Electricity is a form of energy caused by charged particles. It flows in closed paths called circuits, where a power source provides energy. Circuits use components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors, connected by wires or traces. Components are represented in schematic diagrams using symbols. Kirchhoff's laws allow calculation of current, voltage, and resistance in circuits. Circuits can be series or parallel and are incorporated into many devices in daily life.

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Luiz Oryone
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22 views26 pages

Electricity and Circuits

Electricity is a form of energy caused by charged particles. It flows in closed paths called circuits, where a power source provides energy. Circuits use components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors, connected by wires or traces. Components are represented in schematic diagrams using symbols. Kirchhoff's laws allow calculation of current, voltage, and resistance in circuits. Circuits can be series or parallel and are incorporated into many devices in daily life.

Uploaded by

Luiz Oryone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electricity and Circuits

By Jocelyn Pern, Shakaani Nasankar,


and Danielle Aguiar
I don’t get electricity jokes. Watts so
funny about them?

“... the set of physical phenomena associated


with the presence and motion of electric charge”
(Wikipedia)

Electricity In other words…

A form of energy caused by charged particles


What does a light bulb eat for fresh
breath?

The Energy The Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be


created or destroyed, only altered from one form to another.
Theory

Fila-mint!
Positive vs. Positive charge = lose electrons

Negative Negative charge = gain electrons

Charge

Static - particles stay together


Static vs. Dynamic - particles move in same direction
Dynamic
Voltage voltage - measure of energy between two points

● supplied by a battery/power supply


● measured in Volts (V)
● can be measured using a voltmeter

vs.

Current
current - direction of the flow of charged particles

● flows from positive to negative potentials


● measured in Ampere (amp)
Direct and
Alternating
Currents
What’s an electrician’s favorite ice
cream flavor?

circuit- a closed path where electricity flows


Circuits where a battery is energy source

Shock-a-late
❏ shows the layout of a circuit
❏ uses symbols for the electrical
components instead of realistic pictures
❏
Schematic Diagram shows current, voltage, and resistance
❏ I = current
❏ V = voltage
❏ R = resistance
● parts of a circuit
● loads (such as resistors, capacitors, and
Circuit Components inductors)
Resistors resistors - controls the current flowing through a circuit

❏ less resistance = more current


❏ measured in Ohms (Ω)
❏ Related to Ohm’s Law (V=IR)
❏ color strips around resistor tell the amount of resistance
Capacitors capacitors - two charged plates (positive and negative) that
resist sudden shifts in the Voltage

❏ when fully charged, the current stops because it


becomes an open circuit
❏ stores energy in an electric field
Inductors inductors - a coil that stores energy in the form of a magnetic
field and resists sudden changes in the current
Switches switch- a component that opens and closes

● can be used to open and close a circuit


● light switch- when you turn the light on, you close the
circuit, vice versa
What kind of car does a electrician drive?

Circuit Properties

Volts-Wagon!!!
Open Circuit ● Open circuits do not allow an electrical current to flow
through the circuit.
○ Air is not a good conductor, therefore the electricity cannot
flow through to the next component or wire.

vs.

Closed ● Closed circuits are complete and allows electricity to


Circuit flow through.
● In a series circuit, the electrical components share a
Series current flow and have common nodes.

vs.

Parallel ● In a parallel circuit, the electrical current splits paths and


comes back to the negative terminal of the power
source.
❏ German physicist who created laws to
calculate currents, voltages, and more
Kirchhoff’s Laws ❏ also extended the theory of Georg Ohm
Kirchhoff’s
Current Law
(KCL)
❏ the sum of all currents entering a node is equal to the
sum of those leaving
❏ based on conservation of charge
❏ also referred to as the junction rule
❏ can be used to solve for I, V, and R in a circuit with
unknown quantities
Kirchhoff’s
Voltage Law
(KVL) ❏ the sum of all voltage changes around a complete path
is equal to 0
❏ based on the conservation of energy
❏ similar to displacement
❏ can be used to solve for I, V, and R in a circuit with
unknown quantities
❏ also referred to as the loop rule
What do you call a detective electrician?

M re About Circuits

Sherlock Ohms!
A short circuit is when you connect a wire directly from the
positive end to the negative end of the power supply. DO NOT
DO THIS! This can cause explosions.

What is a
Short
Circuit?
Circuits are incorporated into our lives in many
Circuits and Our ways. They are used in nearly every type of
item that uses electricity, from a phone to a
Lives lamp.

What did the baby light bulb say to the


momma light bulb? I love you watts and watts!
Example of
a Circuit
Another example of a circuit is a device I built with a
few of my classmates at school for a competition. It will
alert the guardian of an child if it is too hot inside the
car for the child via a buzzer and LED lights. This
device uses a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor,
and the alert system. It uses a battery as the power
Another source.

Example of
a Circuit
Thank You!

Shoutout to Aixa, Catherine, Cynthia, and Dora for being wonderful coordinators
and teachers, teaching us about computer science and engineering!

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