International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IMPACT OF BIM ON LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY

Keerthi Ishwar Shirasangi1, Prof. Shashank U. Vanakudari2
1Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jain College of Engineering Belagavi, Karnataka, India
2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jain College of Engineering Belagavi, Karnataka, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The main objective of this study is to study the produce more accurate modeling data. These models
factors affecting Labour productivity by Relative associate 2D and 3D object which represent building
Importance Index method. Comparative study of labour design including external parameters (such as geography
productivity factors of conventional method and BIM. Study location and local conditions) into virtual building. BIM
the barriers of implementation BIM. Benefits of BIM model represents integrated source for all the information
implementation for BIM-based quantity take off and allied with building’s design. Many implementation of BIM
scheduling. Labour productivity factors that affect the have been studied in literature survey. There is a
construction rate. Additional study is required to grant substantial gap between early adopters and majority of
institutions to assess the impact of BIM on labour usage in construction industry. There is generous financial
productivity. Measuring the impact is not reliable because of risk for small/medium firms for implantation of BIM.
the sheer complexity Improved labour productivity has stimulating benefit in
accepting and implementation of BIM.
This study is represented as a result to overcome the decline
and stagnation of labour productivity in construction Productivity may be defined in several ways. In
business. Several strategies are developed on potential BIM construction firm, productivity means labour productivity
to for the improvement of labour productivity through that’s unit of work produced or completed per man-hour.
project coordination and proper management. Many of the Inverse of labour productivity is man-hours per unit (unit
factors affecting labour productivity have been studied and rate) which is most certainly used. Certainly, this study is
reported to study the impact of BIM on labour productivity. represented as a result to beat the decline and stagnation
20-50% of total construction cost comprises of labour cost. of labour productivity in construction industry. Several
This can be reduced by improving labour productivity. strategies are developed on potential BIM for the
improvement of labour productivity through project
Key Words: Building information Modeling(BIM), coordination and proper management. Numerous factors
Computer-aided design(CAD), Microsoft Project(MSP), affecting labour productivity have been studied and
IBIM (Information Building Information Modeling) reported to study the impact of BIM on labour productivity.
20-50% of total construction cost comprises of labour cost.
1.INTRODUCTION This can be reduced by improving labour productivity.

Additional study is required to grant institutions to assess

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is process of
the impact of BIM on labour productivity. Measuring the
generating functional and physical characteristics of
impact is not reliable because of the sheer complexity that
places by a various tool, technology and contracts. BIM is a
require noticeable effort in gathering and analysing data in
model-based process which grant perception for
fields. In this study questionnaire survey is carried out to
designing, planning, constructing and managing
evaluate the factors affecting impact of Building
infrastructure and a building. Thus Building Information
Information Modeling on labour Productivity.
Modeling (BIM) is more than traditional CAD that provides
various building components (for example, doors,
The main objective of this study is to study the factors
windows, walls) along with system and building
affecting Labour productivity by Relative Importance Index
information in addition to simple dimensional
method. Comparative study of labour productivity factors
relationship. BIM is 3D real time model that decreases the
of conventional method and BIM. Study the barriers of
time and rework during construction of building. BIM
implementation of BIM. Benefits of BIM implementation for
started with common name for various activities in object
BIM-based quantity take off and scheduling. Labour
oriented CAD that uphold the presentation of building
productivity factors that affect the construction rate.
element in terms of 3D geometry and non-geometric
functional characteristic and relationship.
1.2 Background of BIM
1.1 General
In the former, drawings and blueprints were used
represent information about peculiar plan of building. 2D
The BIM includes individuals from entire project (like approach was very difficult for visualizing the dimensions.
architect, owner, engineer, facility management contractor Next we updated it to Computer Aided Design (CAD)
etc.) who grant and relate with BIM team members who

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3113
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

which was more advantageous to see the model in virtual 1.4 The “I” in BIM
environment. Then came, three dimensional (3D) which
was more realistic compared blueprints. Now, Building BIM model as a whole refers to management of lifecycle
Information Modeling (BIM) is standard which is more and construction employing synergy and sharing data.
than just a 3D model. Each project encompasses a level of Thus, true importance of BIM lies in information i.e. “I” in
uncertainty that must be managed without missing BIM. All the information summoned regarding building
anything. Concept of BIM was first introduced in the year from generation to completion is not just summoned, it is
mid-1970 by Eastman with “Building Descriptive System actionable. This information is used for improvisation of
(BDS)”. After Eastman’s paper evolution of BDS started in accuracy and express the design target from workplace to
different places around world with different explanation. construction site/field. It improves the transmission of
During 1970s and 1980s, USA based descriptions information from stakeholder to stakeholder and reduces
mentioned it as “Building Product Models” and European adjustment orders, field co-ordination issues and it also
based descriptions mentioned it as “Product Information provides intuition for existing projects also for the
Models”. Documented use of term “Building Modeling” is purpose of renovation project later on.
by Robert Aish in 1986. Van Nederveen and Tolman were
first to use the term “Building Information Model” in their 1.5 Levels of BIM
articles in 1992 and Jerry Laiserin was first to popularize
the term “BIM”. There are various levels of BIM for numerous types of
project. Each level presents a set of benchmark that shows
1.3 Progression of BIM throughout the building’s a particular level of maturity. The purpose of Level of BIM
Lifecycle is to gauge/benchmark how much data is being managed
and shared throughout the project.
Before BIM, CAD were used. Ingression of CAD software
have simplified use of 3D model for architectural drawing.
Recent years have witnessed the challenges to 3D model
with fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh. Now even studies are
going on eighth dimension that is related to safety of
building throughout life cycle also during construction. 3D BIM
model is linked to scheduling of time that saves
considerable time. 5D model is integration with 3D model
for cost estimation. Entire building lifecycle sustainability Level 3 Full integration / 6D /
refers 6D. 7D refers to all those models that encourage OpenBIM/ iBIM
maintenance process. In recent study, multi-dimensional
Level 2 Full collaboration /
models are illustrated as BIM that is object oriented than a
drafting / entity oriented. New digital information is
working on nD modeling especially for dealing with Level 1 Partial Collaboration
historic heritage.
Level 0 No BIM/ No

Fig-1.2 Levels of BIM

1.5.1 Level 0

It indicates working without collaboration. If the project is

being carried out with the help of 2D CAD, digital prints or
drawings. Then it is said to be level 0. Most of the
industries are still working above this level. There are still
some experts who are unease about introducing new
process or technology.

1.5.2 Level 1
Fig- 1.1 Progression of BIM throughout the Building's
Lifecycle In this level, concept work is being done by 3D CAD.
Drafting and other documentation is done by 2D. In this
level, CAD are regulated to standards of BS 1192:2007 and
electronic data sharing is done by common data
environment mainly handled by contractor. Many of the

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3114
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

firms are at this level that doesn’t involve much of the was prepared. Clash detection is carried out. BIM-based
collaboration and each of the contractor publish and scheduling was prepared by making schedules and then
handle their own data. linking it to Navisworks. Quantity take-off was also
prepared.
1.5.3 Level 2
By following methodology, 3D model was prepared by
This level is a collaborative environment. This level is Autodesk Revit. Clash detection was done by exporting the
mandatory in UK on April 2016 for all publicly tendering Revit model to Navisworks in .NWC file format. Then
projects. Here team members will be using 3D CAD models scheduling is done by MS Project then linked to Naviswork
but not the same one. However, stakeholder’s exchanges model. Different colors were used to show the activity
information in familiar file format. When the firm change.
collaborate this shared information they save rime,
eliminate need of rework and cost overrun. Thus the CAD 2.2 BIM Process
must be able to export an information to familiar file type
such as IFC or COBIE. Main difference between conventional CAD and BIM is that
the BIM represents 3D model along with all the
1.5.4 Level 3 information. After the model is done all the details about
the model such a schedules, quantities, 3D views, ceiling
This level is further more collaborative. Rather than team plan, floor plan, Renders, Sections, Elevations and
member operating in their own 3D model. Level 3 is perspective are automatically ready. It is convenient to
working in a specific shared model. The model is perhaps switch or edit the components in BIM. Model even includes
assessed and modified by everyone. This is termed as information and smart objects that have functional and
open BIM, here a layer of protection will be supplemented physical characteristics. BIM includes all the necessary data
across clashes. UK has even promised mandatory use of that help in reducing time, cost overrun and delays
Level 3 in coming years. throughout building life cycle. BIM model is prepared in the
following ways:
1.6 Importance of Labour Productivity in BIM
2.2.1 3D modeling
Labour productivity is unit of production produced or
completed per man-hour. Inverse of labour productivity is BIM presents maximum level accuracy model only if the
man-hours per unit (unit rate) is commonly used. This data is inputted with certain high level accuracy into
study is represented as a result to overcome the decline model. For this reason, information/ data is key factor in
and stagnation of labour productivity in construction three-dimensional model. Material properties, family
business. Several strategies are developed on potential parameters, unit costs and component properties can be
BIM for the improvement of labour productivity through stated in the model. 3D model comprises of geometrical
project coordination and proper management. Many of the (dimension and shape), topological information and
factors affecting labour productivity have been studied related additional information. This information cannot be
and reported to study the impact of BIM on labour included in conventional 2D CAD. A five-storey building
productivity. 20-50% of total construction cost comprises project was assessed for this purpose. The 3D model was
of labour cost. This can be reduced by improving labour prepared by using Autodesk Revit. A B+ five storey building
productivity. Effects of labour productivity vary from tasks was assessed for the function of study. Using Revit
to tasks. Even though some factors may have same affect architectural model was created. Information was stored
but the rate of effect varies. Some of the bad impacts that with the project. After creation of wall, stairs, doors,
can be improved by labour productivity are: windows and roofs sheets structural foundation was
created.
• Development of techniques and experience of
individual. 2.2.1.a Clash Detection
• Proper management in construction business.
• Raising interest and agenda among labours. After creating 3D model, clash detection was conducted.
• Minimize insufficiency of material. For this, 3D Architectural model was exported to .NWC file
format by Revit add-in. Then Water supply and Sewer
2. METHODOLOGY connection .NWC are merged to Architectural model. In
selection A, Architectural model was selected and in
2.1 Case study selection B Water supply and Sewer connection model was
selected. After this process, clash detective tool was used
To demonstrate how Building Information Modeling (BIM) for clash detection. All the clashes were detected
can be used. A case study of Basement + five-storey depending upon the color coding. All the model (i.e.
apartment project is taken. To achieve the goal 3D model Architectural, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical and

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3115
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Plumbing) can be appended to check clash detection which construction stage Navisworks
helps to save time and cost before actual construction. and check the
Clash detection is done on completed 3D model before the geometry of
actual construction starts. With traditional 2D CAD building.
BIM-Based Scheduling is Autodesk Revit,
drawings many problems will be occurred during
Scheduling prepared and Autodesk
construction which need to resolved and takes time for linked to Navisworks, MS
change in design. It helps in reduction in additional cost Navisworks for Project, Excel
and time. Interference is checked through Revit visualization of
interference check is done by Interference Check tool project according
under coordinate panel. to schedule.
BIM-Based Quantity take-off is Autodesk Revit,
2.2.2 BIM-based 4D scheduling (4D Simulation) Quantity take- prepared by Revit excel
off in view panel using
Scheduling is precisely relevant to time. 4D model comes Schedules tool.
from the completed 3D model that is related to project
schedule. 4D simulation is process that controls and CAD Architectura Scheduli
arranges construction task based on 4D model. Here 5 Drawing l, Water ng in
colors are used to indicate construction work status. Red
indicates work under construction. Blue indicates
completion of work on time. Yellow indicates work which
are just finished. Orange indicates works which are not yet BIM Clash BIM-
started. Pink indicates completion of work before Modelin Detectio based
scheduled time. Virtual building helps to identify the g n Scheduli
conflicts and errors before actual construction starts.
Review sequence of work in construction 4D simulation is
used. Navisworks is used for the visualization of model and
change of color indicates activity change. Parameter was Construc BIM BIM-
first created in shared parameter under manage panel and tion Model based
then it was added in Project parameters as TaskID. Then phase Estimati
task ID were assigned to each of the elements and then the
file was imported to Navisworks. The sets were attached to
each of the task. Scheduling of activities was done by MS
Project and it was imported to Navisworks. After importing Visualizations,
Revit Model and Scheduling in timeliner. Sets will be Drawings and
created by searching them using tool “find object”. Each of
sets will be attached to task by auto-attaching or manually. Fig- 3.2: Flowchart of BIM process
Then simulation will be carried out.
2.2.4 Factors affecting Labour Productivity
Create Assign Export
It is one of the major part of construction which directly
Fig- 3.1: Workflow of creating 4D model affects the rate of construction. With the increase in Labour
Productivity, increases the efficiency of construction work.
2.2.3 BIM-based cost estimation (5D) In this, questionnaire was prepared and distributed among
respondents. Respondents were asked to rate within 1 to 4
5D model is inclusion of cost into BIM model. Important to resolve level of effect. RII was used for analysis.
thing is to do estimation to check feasibility. If the cost is
over budget, then designs must be changed and revisions The RII is regression-based index which is the mean factor
can be made. Using BIM, accurate calculations can be made. that gives weight by insight of respondents. RII is method
Estimation is done by Revit from view panel. which helps to determine what actually people need by
asking them some questions. It helps in determining
Table-3.1: Project phases various factors affecting Labour Productivity. By using RII
analysis important factors are identified depending upon
Project Phase Details Softwares used the participant’s reply.
3D Modeling 3D model is Autodesk Revit RII equation is given below,
prepared using RII = ∑ W / (A*N)
Revit. Where,
Clash Detection To determine the Autodesk Revit, A is the highest weight i.e. 4
conflicts before Autodesk
N is total no. of responses collected.

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3116
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

W is rate given by each respondent ranging from 1 to 4. clash detection. There were total 42 hard clashes detected
W ranges are as given below which were reviewed and then resolved.
4= Highly affects
3= Some-what affect
2= Does not affect
1= Not applicable

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Project selected for the implementation of BIM is five-

storey building (i.e.22,000 sq. ft. area). It is located in
Hubli and total budget of the project is approximately Nine
crores. The project was divided into 4 Blocks as Aster,
Blueberry, Cherry blossom and Daffodils as shown in Fig.
3.1
Fig- 3.3: Clash detection carried out on the model

3.1.2 4D Simulation

After Completing the model, simulation was carried out to

review the sequence of work carried out. Virtual 4D
simulation helps to identify the conflicts and errors before
actual construction starts. Fig. 4.4 and 4.5 shows creation
of parameters and adding them to project parameters. Fig.
4.6 shows the 4D scheduling of project. MSP was imported
to Navisworks and then by attaching the sets to each
element. Each of the parameters were attached and then
simulation is done by using simulate in Timeliner tool.
Attaching the sets can be done by auto attaching or by
manually. Fig 3.7 shows the simulation of project.
Fig- 3.1: Completed 3D model

Fig- 3.4: Creating shared parameters

Fig- 3.2 Completed Structural model in Navisworks

3.1.1 Clash Detection

After creation of Basic 3D model in Revit. Different

Designs are carried out parallelly on the same basic model.
Then clash detection is achieved on model by appending
then in Navisworks Manage. Fig. 3.3 shows the Clash
detection achieved on the model.

Clash detection was achieved by selecting the completed Fig- 3.5: Adding shared parameters to the project
3D model in part A selection and then selecting plumbing parameter
and sewer connection in part B. Then by running hard

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3117
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3.2 Questionnaire Survey analysis

Some of the factors affecting Labour Productivity are listed

in the table 4.1 and rating given by the respondents are
calculated by RII method. All the sub factors are divided
into major factors that are Personal factors, Organization,
Environmental conditions, Proficiency of labours,
Incentive schemes, conditions of site, Safety of Labours,
Project and Planning. According to rating given by
respondents ranking is given to each of the project to
know factors which affects more on Labour productivity
and to resolve them to get higher productivity.
Respondents Name, Profession, Softwares used, Barriers
Fig- 3.6: BIM-based 4D Scheduling and Benefits of using BIM were noted down.

Project
Other
Manager5% Civil
14% Engineer
Contractor 48%
33%

Fig- 3.9: Percentage of Respondents on the basis of their

occupation
Fig- 3.7: BIM-based 4D Simulation

3.1.3 5D Quantity take-off based on 3D model Traditional

method Implement
BIM-based quantity take-off was carried out on 3D model. 38% ed BIM
Material take off, windows and doors take-off was carried 62%
out to generate complete BIM-based estimation then they
were exported to Excel. Fig. 4.8 shows the BIM based
quantity take-off.

Fig- 3.10: Percentage Implementation of BIM

Result shows that out of 21 respondents 13 have

implemented BIM (i.e. 62%) and remaining 8 (i.e. 38%)
still use convention method for the designing. Among all
the softwares available CAD and Revit are most commonly
used for designing.

MSP
Syncro
Sketchup
3DS Max
CAD
Revit

Fig- 3.8: BIM-based Quantity take-off

Fig-3.11: Softwares used by the respondents

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3118
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Depending upon the rating given by the respondents, Site layout 46 0.2336
ranking is given to each of the factor to know which of Travel distance to worksite 33 0.3369
these factors affect construction. Proper planning, Labour Planning
supervision, scheduling of work, Project manager’s Availability of skilled labours 12 0.3804
leadership, Payment for extra work, Skilled labour, Time Time management (efficient use 7 0.3858
management, Unforeseen disaster, Experience of Labour of time)
Scope or design changes 14 0.375
and Sub-contractor management are the major factors
Uniqueness 14 0.375
affecting construction which need to be taken care.
Client interface 38 0.3206
Proper Planning 1 0.4293
Table- 3.1 Results for factors affecting Labour Productivity
Sub-Contractor management 7 0.3858
Scheduling of work 3 0.3967
Ranking RII Flow and coordination of work 16 0.3695
Personal Factors Cost predictability 41 0.2989
Age of labour 22 0.3186 Cost management 27 0.3478
Experience of labour 7 0.3858
Multiple shifts 33 0.3369
Motivation to labour 33 0.3369
Comparative analysis was carried between BIM and
No. of labours on site 41 0.2981 traditional methods to know the affecting Labour
Facilities provided to labours 22 0.3586 productivity. Table 4.1 shows the results obtained from
Relation between workers 39 0.3152 questionnaire survey questionnaire survey. Factors
Organization affecting are almost same for both methods. Factors
Firm reputation 45 0.2608 affecting in BIM methods are proper planning, Labour
Training of labours 22 0.3586 supervision, skilled labour, construction method, payment
Communication between site 21 0.3641 for extra work, Construction method and scheduling of
engineer and labour work. Factors affecting Labour productivity in traditional
Project Manager's leadership 3 0.3967 method are Project Manager's leadership, proper
Governmental regulations 41 0.2989 planning, Labour supervision, sub-Contractor
(building codes, etc.) management and scheduling of work. Along with the
Environmental conditions ratings, respondents were even asked to mention the
Climatic conditions 26 0.3532
benefits and barriers of using BIM.
Temperature on site 31 0.3423
Proficiency of Labour
Table- 4.2 Comparative analysis of BIM and Conventional
Skilled Labour 7 0.3858
Labour Supervision 2 0.4130 method
Incentive schemes
Conventional
Wages 16 0.3696
Implemented BIM method
Expectations out of 33 0.3369
Rankin Rankin
labours(outcome) RII RII
g g
Unscheduled extra work 27 0.3478
Personal Factors
Payment for extra work 5 0.3913
Age of labour 23 0.2228 20 0.1358
Conditions of site
Experience of
Availability of materials and 12 0.3804 4 0.2445 13 0.1413
labour
tools
Multiple shifts 23 0.2228 39 0.1141
Procurement type and delivery 37 0.3260
Motivation to
mode 23 0.2228 39 0.1141
labour
Sequence of work 16 0.3695
No. of labours on
Project size and complexity 39 0.3152 40 0.1848 39 0.1141
site
Material storage location 31 0.3423
Facilities
Structural design complexity 16 0.3695 provided to 23 0.2228 20 0.1359
Safety of Labour labours
Safety conditions on site 16 0.3695 Relation between
Working conditions (lighting, 22 0.3586 38 0.2011 39 0.1141
workers
noise etc.)
Organization
Stacking of trades 27 0.3478
Unforeseen disaster/ natural 7 0.3858 Firm reputation 44 0.1522 45 0.1087
disasters Training of
30 0.2173 13 0.1413
Project labours
Competencies of the project 44 0.2826 Communication
team between site
15 0.2336 26 0.1304
Construction method 5 0.3913 engineer and
Rework 27 0.3478 labour

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3119
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Project Manager's Unforeseen

8 0.2391 1 0.1576
leadership disaster/ natural 8 0.2391 6 0.1467
Governmental disasters
regulations
43 0.1630 20 0.1359 Project
(building codes,
etc.)
Competencies of
Environmental 44 0.1522 26 0.1304
the project team
conditions
Construction
Climatic 4 0.2446 6 0.1467
8 0.2391 39 0.1141 method
conditions
Temperature on Rework 35 0.2065 13 0.1413
30 0.2174 32 0.1250
site Site layout 46 0.1413 46 0.0924
Proficiency of
Labour Travel distance to
33 0.2120 32 0.1250
Skilled Labour 3 0.25 20 0.1358 worksite
Labour Planning
2 0.2554 1 0.1576
Supervision
Incentive Availability of
15 0.2337 6 0.1467
schemes skilled labours
Wages 8 0.2391 26 0.1304 Time
Expectations out management
8 0.2391 6 0.1467
of (efficient use of
35 0.2065 26 0.1304 time)
labours(outcome)
Scope or design
15 0.2337 13 0.1413
Unscheduled changes
21 0.2228 13 0.1413
extra work Uniqueness 21 0.2283 6 0.1467
Payment for extra
4 0.2446 6 0.1467 Client interface 39 0.1902 26 0.1304
work
Conditions of Proper Planning 1 0.2717 1 0.1576
site
Availability of Sub-Contractor
materials and 8 0.2391 13 0.1413 15 0.2337 4 0.1522
management
tools
Scheduling of
Procurement type 4 0.2446 4 0.1522
work
and delivery 35 0.2065 38 0.1196
Flow and
mode
coordination of 15 0.2337 20 0.1359
Sequence of work 21 0.2283 13 0.1413 work
Cost
40 0.1848 39 0.1141
Project size and predictability
42 0.1739 13 0.1413 Cost
complexity 23 0.2228 32 0.1250
management
Material storage
30 0.2174 32 0.1250
location 4. CONCLUSIONS
Structural design
8 0.2391 26 0.1304
complexity This study represents a BIM-based model for construction
projects for investing how BIM impacts Labour
Safety of
Labour productivity. For this purpose, a B+5 storey building was
chosen as a case study. The case study determines how
Safety conditions BIM grant effective sharing of a 3D model that has all the
23 0.2228 6 0.1467 data necessary for all the process. After completion of all
on site
the required data in a 3D model, required elevations,
Working sections, Renders, schedules and quantity take-off can be
conditions
15 0.2337 32 0.1250 generated automatically. Additionally, ability to detect
(lighting, noise
etc.) clashes, defects or errors of project in early design stages
Stacking of before actual construction starts that helps to avoid
33 0.2120 20 0.1359 unnecessary costs.
trades

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3120
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Questionnaire survey was sent to 21 respondents among University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor,
which 13 have implemented BIM (i.e. 62%) and remaining Malaysia
8 (i.e. 38%) still use convention method for the designing. [5] Building Information Modeling as a Tool for the
Among all the softwares available CAD and Revit are most Design of Airports Julio Tollendal Gomes Ribero
commonly used for designing. Depending upon the rating Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo,
given by the respondents, ranking is given to each of the Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil
factor to know which of these factors affect construction. Juliotolendal@hotmail.com,
Proper planning, Labour supervision, scheduling of work, http://lecomp.fau.unb.br Neander Furtado silva
Project manager’s leadership, Payment for extra work, Faculdade de Arquiteura e Urbanismo,
Skilled labour, Time management, Unforeseen disaster, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil neander@unb.br,
Experience of Labour and Sub-contractor management are http://lecomp.fau.unb.br Ecilamar Maciel Lima
the major factors affecting construction which need to be Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo,
taken care. Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil ecilamar@unb.br ,
http://lecomp.fau.unb.br
Benefits of BIM begin at early stage and cover entire [6] Implementation of Building Information Modeling
lifecycle. Some other benefits given by respondents are (BIM) in Construction; A comparative case study
Better project coordination and collaboration with Steve Rowlinsona,*, Ronan Collinsb, Martin
stakeholders, efficient workflows, 3D visualizations, and M.Tuulic and Yunyan Jiac a Department of Real
resulting improved project, Early detection of construction Estate and Construction, the university of Hong
errors which eventually decreases cost and time overrun, Kong ( *Steverowlinson@hku.hk) b Intel build
work can be completed on time by proper management Ltd. North Point, Hong Kong, c Department of Real
and efficient use of time and labour. Barriers given by Estate and Construction, the University of Hong
respondents for not implementing BIM are lack of Kong, Pokfulam
knowledge about BIM, still not used in our country due to [7] Importance of Measurement of Labour
cost implementation, lack of Knowledge among the people, Productivity in Construction Prachi R. Ghatel 1,
less availability of resources and validation of data is also a Prof. Pravin R. Minde2 1 P.G. Scholar, Department
challenge, no proper training available and cost of of Civil Engineering, P.V.P.I.T., Maharashtra, India
software and no proper training. 2Asst. Professor, Department of civil Engineering,

P.V.P.I.T., Maharashtra, India

REFERENCES [8] Information flow comparison between Traditional
and BIM-based Projects in the Design Phase Malak
[1] A Brief Introduction to Building Information AL Hattab1 and Farook Hamzeh2
Modeling (BIM) and its interoperability with [9] Investing Building Information Modleing (BIM)
TRNSYS A. Boukaraa & A. NAamaneb a Ecole Adoption in Indonesia Construction Industry Jati
Nationale Superieure d’Architecture de Marseille, Utomo Dwi hatmoko*, Yulian Fundra, Mochamad
L’unite de recherché Project [s] email: Agung Wiboqo and Zhabrinna Department of Civil
abdelaziz.boukara@lsis.org Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang,
[2] BIM- assisted labour productivity measurement Indonesia
method for structural formwork Junbok Leea, [10] Interoperability of Building Energy Modeling
Young-Jin Parkb, Chang-Hoon Choib,*, Choong-Hee (BEM) with Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Hana a Dept. of Architectural Eng,. Kyung Hee Prada-Hernandez, Andrea Victoria (1); Rojas-
Univ., 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin Quintero, Juan Sebastian (2); Vallezo-Borda, Jose
446-701, Republic of Korea b Graduate School, Agustin (3); Ponz-Tienda, Jose Luis (4) (1)
Kyung Hee Univ., 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Universidad de los Andes, (57.1) 332 4512 Ext.
Giheung-gu, Youngin 446-701, Republic of Korea 1874, e-mail: av.prada156@uniandes.edu.co (2)
[3] BIM-based site layout and safety planning Universidad de los Andes, e-mail:
Kristiina Sulankivi, VTT Technical Research js.rojas128@uniandes.edu.co, (3) Universidad de
centre of Finland (email; los Andes, e-mail: la.vallejo907@uniandes.edu.co,
kristiina.sulankivi@vtt.fi) Tarja Makela, Finnish (4) Universidad de los Andes, e-mail:
Institute of Occupational Health (email: jl.ponz@uniandes.edu.co
tarja.makela@ttl.fi) Markku Kiviniemi, VTT [11] Investigation on Interoperability between
Technical Research Centre of Finland (email: Building Information Modelling (BIM) and
markku.kiviniemi@vtt.fi) Building Energy Simulation Shisheng Chena,
[4] Building Information Modeling (BIM) Roles in the Ruoyu Jinb, Mahmood Alamc a- Research assistant,
Malaysian Construction Industry Aryani Ahmad Department of Building, National University of
Latiffi, Suzila A Mohd, and Juliana Brahim Singapore, Singapore b- Senior Lecturer, School of
Department of construction Management, Faculty Environment and Technology, University of
of Technology Management and Business, Brighton UK c- Lecturer, School of Environment

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3121
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

and Technology, University of Brighton UK * - Netherlands Rizel Sebastian* and Le on van Berlo
Corresponding author, R Jin@brighton.ac.uk, TNO Environment and Geosciences, PO Box 49,
Cockcroft Building 616, Brighton, BN2 4HF, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands
United Kingdom [19] Use of BIM approach to enhance Construction
[12] Measuring the impact of BIM on Labour Interface Management: A case study Yu-Cheng LIN
Productivity in a small specialty contracting Departmnet of Civil Engineering, National Taipei
enterprise through action-research Erik A. University of Technology, No. 1 Chung-Hsiao E.
Poiriera*, Shenyl Staub-Frenchb,1, Daniel Rd., Sec. 3, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Forgues a,2 a Department of Construction [20] Utilization of BIM-based Automated Safety
Engineering, Ecole de Technologies Superieure, Checking in Construction Planning Kristiina
1100 Notre-Dame West Street, Montreal, Quebec, Sulanakivi1, Sijie Zhang2, Jochen Teizer3, Charles
Canada, H3C 1K3 b Department of Civil M. Eastman4, Markku Kiviniemi5, Ilkka Romo6, Leif
Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2031- Granholm7
6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, B., Canada,
V6T 1Z4 BIOGRAPHIES
[13] Project Planning and Management using Building
Information Modeling (BIM) R.R. Politi1, E. Aktas1, Keerthi Ishwar shirasangi
M.E. Itali2 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Student
Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 2 Dept. of civil engineering,
Department of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Jain College of engineering,
Technology, Izmir, Turkey Belagavi, Karnataka, India
[14] Scope of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in
India J. Vinoth Kumar* and Mahua Mukherjee
Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Prof. Shashank U. Vanakudari
Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. Professor
[15] The Barriers factors and driving forces for BIM Dept. of civil engineering,
implementation in Malaysian AEC Companies Jain College of engineering,
Farah Salwati Ibrahim1*, Nur Diyana Shariff2, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Muneera Esa3, Rahimi A. Rahman 4 1, 3 School of
Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia 2 Plentiude
Bayu Sdn Bhd, 10470, Penang, Malaysia 4 Faculty
of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources,
University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Pahang,
Malaysia
[16] The role of Building Information Modeling (BIM)
in delivering the sustainable building value
Moshood Olawale Fadeyi* Sustainable
Infrastructure Engineering (Building Services)
Programme, Singapore Institute of Technology,
10, Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
[17] The utilisation of Building Information Models in
Nd Modelling: A study of Data Interfacing and
Adoption Barriers Tao-Chiu Kenny Kong
Polytechnic University email:
bskdwong@polyu.edu.hk Kam-din Andy Wong,
Associste Professor Department of Building and
Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University email: bskdwong@polyu.edu.hk Kwan-
wah Francis Wong, Professor Department of
Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University email:
bskdwong@polyu.edu.hk Kwan-wah Francis
Wong, Professor Department of Building and real
Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
email: bskwwong@polyu.edu.hk
[18] Tool for Benchmarking BIM Performance of
Design, Engineering and Construction Firms in the

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3122