MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical Education is a combination of two separate words, physical and education. The first word is
physical which means related to body or related to any one or all of the bodily characteristics that
include physical strength, physical endurance, physical fitness, physical appearance and physical
health. And, the second word is education which means preparation for life or systematic instruction
and training.
g. When we look at the combined meaning of these two words, we can understand that
physical education is a systematic training of an individual by using his/her own body to achieve the
objectives of developing and maintaining the body, developing motor skills
ski and physical abilities,
making a habit of living a healthy lifestyle and developing the ability to control emotions for a fuller
living.

DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

ed physical education in different ways. Let us see how some eminent
Different people have defined
scholars have defined Physical Education:-
Education:

Physical Education is the sum of those experiences

1. According to ‘Delbert Oberteuffer’ – “Physical
which come to the individual through movement.”
Jay B. Nash’ - Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education
2. According to ‘Jay
heir related responses.
that deals with the big muscle activities and ttheir
Jesse Feiring Williams’ - Physical Education is the sum of man’s physical
3. According to ‘Jesse
activities selected as to kind, andconducted as to outcomes.

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 4. According to ‘Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation’ - "Physical
education is education. It is the education through physical activities for the development of
the total personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind and spirit.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

eople in the modern society can
The need and importance of physical education for every section of people
be understood from the points given below —

1. Optimum development of child’s physical growth

2. Intellectual development
3. Emotional development
4. Social development
5. Personal development
6. Character building
7. Physical fitness
8. Development as a disciplined citizen of the country
9. Neuromuscular development
10. Cultural development
11. Developing leadership qualities
12. Healthy and safe environment
13. Development of national integration
14. Better international understanding
erstanding

AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical Education is “education
ucation through
movement”. The aim of physical phys
education is to target the total
development of human personality, as
well as optimum performance in sports
competitions. According to National Plan
of Physical Education and Recreation,
“The aim of Physical
ical Education must be
to make every child physically, mentally
and emotionally fit and
nd also to develop in
him such personal and social qualities as
will help him to live happily
pily with others
and build him up as a good citizen.”

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AIM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Physical Education is “education through movement”. The aim of physical education is to target the
total development of human personality, as well as optimum performance in sports competitions.
According to National Plan of Physical Education and Recreation, “The aim of Physical Education
must be to make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such
personal and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and build him up as a good
citizen.”

OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. Value of Physical Education: The chief objective of Physical Education is to make
individuals aware of and appreciate the value of Physical Education and its contribution to a
healthy and active lifestyle.
2. Develop interest in the discipline: The focus of a well-designed Physical Education plan
should be to encourage a high level of interest and personal engagement in Physical Education
showing initiative, enthusiasm and commitment towards the same.
3. Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness and Health: Physical Education Programmes should
aim to develop an individual’s physical fitness and to make her/him work to her/his optimal
level of physical capacity. It also aims to develop healthy habits of sleep, exercise, food etc.
for optimum health.
4. Development of Organ Systems: The objective of Physical Education Programme is to
develop all organ systems such as respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system,
nervous system, and muscular system. This leads to increased physical efficiency and
capacity.
5. Neuro-muscular Co-ordination: The Physical Education Programme should be planned in
such a manner that it helps in maintaining a better relationship between the nervous system
and the muscular system. This helps in developing control and balance among different body
parts.
6. Emotional Development: Physical Education helps develop emotional stability and teaches
acceptance of success and failure gracefully.
7. Social Development: Physical Education leads to social development as it provides the
individual ample opportunities for social contact and group living which help her/him to
adjust in different situations and build relationships. Qualities like cooperation, obedience, fair
play, sacrifice, loyalty, sportsmanship, self-confidence are developed. Development of these
traits help the individual to become a good human being and also results in a healthy society.

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 8. Develop Motor Skills: The Physical Education Programme helps the individual develop the
motor skills necessary for successful participation in different sports and a variety of other
physical activities.
9. Enjoyment and Satisfaction: A Physical Education Programme provides enjoyment and
satisfaction through physical activity. Development of Evaluative Skills: A well-designed
Physical Education Programme helps participants to show knowledge and understanding of a
variety of physical activities and to evaluate their own and others’ performances.
10. Character Building: A well-structured Physical Education Programme should be based on
desirable life outcomes like building character traits such as morality, self- esteem, self-
efficacy and resilience, including lowering levels of stress, experiencing positive growth,
boosting academic achievement, being willing to set challenging life goals, and pro-social
behaviour.
11. Remedial Values: Physical Education Programme teaches safety habits where one can learn
about corrective exercises which will lead to safety habits amongst individuals.
12. Optimum Sports Performance: Physical Education brings an individual to optimum sports
performance level.
13. Effective Citizenship: At last but not the least, the Physical Education Programme prepares
an effective citizen who serves the country in better manner.

CHANGING TRENDS IN SPORTS

PLAYING SURFACE
Over the years, there have been changing trends in sports with regard to the playing surface. Here
are some key trends in the playing surface of different sports:

1. Football: The traditional grass playing surface for football has been replaced by artificial turf
in many stadiums. Artificial turf offers several advantages over grass, including reduced
maintenance costs and the ability to withstand heavy use and harsh weather conditions.
However, some players still prefer the natural feel of grass.
2. Tennis: The traditional clay and grass courts have been joined by hard courts made of acrylic,
asphalt, or concrete. Hard courts are more durable and require less maintenance than grass or
clay courts. Additionally, they allow for a more consistent bounce and faster play. However,
clay and grass courts remain popular in some tournaments.
3. Basketball: Indoor basketball courts were traditionally made of hardwood, but now there are
synthetic surfaces made of rubber and other materials that provide better shock absorption,
increased durability, and more consistent performance.
4. Volleyball: Indoor volleyball courts were traditionally made of wood, but now there are
synthetic surfaces made of rubber or polyurethane that provide more consistent play and
require less maintenance.

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 5. Cricket: The traditional red clay pitch has been replaced by more durable and consistent
synthetic surfaces made of artificial grass or turf. These surfaces allow for better play and
reduced injuries.
6. Hockey: The traditional grass playing surface has been replaced by artificial turf that provides
more consistent play, faster game play, and better ball control.
Overall, the trend in sports is towards more durable, consistent, and low-maintenance surfaces.
Synthetic surfaces offer several advantages over natural surfaces, including reduced maintenance
costs and increased durability. However, some players still prefer the natural feel of grass or clay.
The choice of playing surface ultimately depends on the sport, the venue, and the players'
preferences.

WEARABLE GEAR
Another trend that has emerged in sports in recent years is the use of wearable gear. Wearable gear
includes any device or equipment that can be worn by athletes to measure, track, or improve their
performance. Here are some examples of wearable gear that are commonly used in sports:

1. Fitness trackers: Fitness trackers are wearable devices that can track an athlete's physical
activity, heart rate, and other biometric data. They can be used to monitor training progress
and optimize work outs.
2. Smart watches: Smart watches can also be used to track physical activity, but they can also
provide other features like GPS tracking, weather updates, and music playback.
3. Smart clothing: Smart clothing is made of fabrics with integrated sensors that can track an
athlete's movement, posture, and other biometric data. This information can be used to
improve technique and reduce the risk of injury.
4. Head-mounted displays: Head-mounted displays are wearable devices that can provide
athletes with real-time information about their performance, such as speed, distance, and heart
rate. They can also be used to provide augmented reality experiences for training and
simulation.
5. Smart helmets: Smart helmets are equipped with sensors that can track an athlete's head
impact and provide real-time feedback to reduce the risk of concussion and other head
injuries.
Wearable gear has the potential to revolutionize the way athletes train and compete. By providing
real-time feedback and tracking performance metrics, athletes can optimize their training and reduce
the risk of injury. Wearable gear is also becoming more affordable and accessible, which means that
even amateur athletes can benefit from this technology.

SPORTS EQUIPMENT

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Another important trend in sports is the advancement of sports equipment. Advancements in
materials science, manufacturing techniques, and design have led to the development of sports
equipment that is lighter, stronger, and more efficient than ever before. Here are some examples of
changing trends in sports equipment:

1. Carbon fibre: Carbon fibre is a lightweight and strong material that is used in sports
equipment such as bicycles, tennis rackets, and golf clubs. Its strength-to-weight ratio is much
higher than traditional materials like steel or aluminium, making it an ideal choice for high-
performance sports equipment.
2. 3D printing: 3D printing is a manufacturing technique that allows for the creation of complex
shapes and structures. It is being used to create custom-made sports equipment that is tailored
to the individual athlete's needs. For example, 3D printing is being used to create customized
prosthetic limbs for Paralympic athletes.
3. Smart equipment: Smart equipment is equipment that has sensors or electronics embedded in
it. For example, basketballs with sensors can track the number of shots taken and the accuracy
of each shot, and golf clubs with sensors can provide feedback on the golfer's swing. Smart
equipment can help athletes track their progress and improve their technique.
4. Biomechanics: Advancements in biomechanics have led to the development of sports
equipment that is designed to optimize an athlete's performance. For example, running shoes
are designed to provide the right amount of support and cushioning to reduce the risk of injury
and improve running efficiency.
5. Virtual reality: Virtual reality is being used to create simulations of sports equipment and
environments. For example, virtual reality is being used to create simulations of golf courses
to help golfers practice their swings.
Advancements in sports equipment are helping athletes perform better and achieve new heights in
their sports. The trend is towards equipment that is lighter, stronger, and more efficient, as well as
equipment that can provide feedback and improve technique.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

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Technological advancementsTechnological advancements are rapidly changing the world of sports.
Here are some of the major trends in sports technology:

1. Data analysis: The use of data analysis and predictive modelling is becoming increasingly
important in sports. Teams are using data to optimize their training regimes, improve their
strategies, and make better decisions about player selection and recruitment.
2. Video analysis: Video analysis is a key tool for coaches and players to review game footage
and analyze their performance. Advancements in video technology are making it easier to
capture and analyze game footage in real time.
3. Virtual and augmented reality: Virtual and augmented reality technologies are being used to
create immersive training environments for athletes. Virtual reality can simulate game
situations and allow athletes to practice their skills in a safe, controlled environment.
4. Smart stadiums: Smart stadiums use technology to enhance the fan experience and provide
real-time information about the game. For example, fans can use their smartphones to order
food and drinks and access information about the game.
5. Esports: Esports, or competitive video gaming, is becoming increasingly popular. Esports
tournaments are being held around the world, with professional gamers competing for large
cash prizes.
Technological advancements are changing the way sports are played, watched, and analyzed. Teams
and athletes are using data and technology to gain a competitive edge, and fans are enjoying new and
immersive experiences both in the stadium and at home.
CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
There are several career options in the field of Physical Education, which can be broadly classified
into three categories: Teaching, Coaching, and Allied Fields.
1. Teaching: Physical Education teachers are responsible for designing and implementing
physical education programs for students of all ages. They teach various aspects of physical
education, including exercise, sports, and fitness. Physical Education teachers can work in
schools, colleges, universities, and other educational institutions.

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 2. Coaching: Coaches work with athletes to help them improve their performance and achieve
their goals. They provide training, guidance, and support to athletes, and help them develop
their physical and mental skills. Coaches can work in a variety of settings, including schools,
colleges, sports clubs, and private coaching centres.
3. Allied Fields: Physical Education professionals can also work in allied fields such as sports
management, sports medicine, sports journalism, and sports psychology. Some of the career
options in these fields include:
 Sports Management: Sports managers oversee the business and operational aspects of sports
teams and organizations. They manage finances, marketing, and event planning, and work to
ensure the success of the team or organization.
 Sports Medicine: Sports medicine professionals provide medical care to athletes, including
injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. They may work in hospitals, clinics, sports
teams, or private practice.
 Sports Journalism: Sports journalists cover sports events and news for various media outlets,
including newspapers, magazines, and television. They write articles, conduct interviews, and
provide analysis and commentary on sports events and trends.
 Sports Psychology: Sports psychologists work with athletes to help them develop mental
skills such as concentration, motivation, and goal setting. They may also work with sports
teams and organizations to improve team dynamics and performance.
In conclusion, there are several career options in the field of Physical Education, ranging from
teaching and coaching to allied fields such as sports management, sports medicine, sports
journalism, and sports psychology. Each career option requires specific skills, qualifications, and
training, and offers unique opportunities for growth and advancement.

VARIOUS ACADEMIC COURSES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical Education is a fast-growing discipline in India. To educate individuals in the field of
Physical Education numerous courses are offered by different educational institutions.

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The National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) has recognised the courses which prepare
teachers of Physical Education for school system in India. NCTE recognises only three courses for
Physical Education Teachers.
1. Diploma in Physical Education (D.P.Ed.): This course prepares Physical Education Teachers
for the elementary stage of school education i.e. for Classes I to VIII.
2. Bachelor of Physical Education (B.P.Ed): This course is designed for preparing teachers of
Physical Education for teaching theory papers in Classes VI to X and conducting Physical
Education and Sports Activities for Classes XI-XII.
3. Master of Physical Education (M.P.Ed.): It is meant for preparing Physical Education
Teachers for Senior Secondary classes (i.e. XI-XII) as well as Assistant Professors/ Directors/
Sports Officers in Colleges/Universities and Teacher Educators in Colleges of Physical
Education and University Departments of Physical Education.
In addition, research-oriented courses such as Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.), Doctorate of
Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Post Doctorate Fellowship (P.D.F.) Programmes are also offered in Physical
Education.
Apart from this, different educational institutions in India offer various courses in Physical
Education (recognised by University Grands Commission, New Delhi or by the Institutions
themselves). A few of these courses are listed below:
BACHELOR LEVEL COURSE
1. Bachelor of Arts (Programme) Sports & Performance
2. Bachelor of Physical Education & Sports
3. Bachelor of Physical Education (Four Year Course after 12th)
4. Bachelor of Science Exercise Physiology
5. Bachelor of Science in Physical Education
6. Bachelor of Science in Physical Education, Health Education and Sports Sciences
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA LEVEL COURSES
1. Post Graduate Diploma in Adventure Sports Administration
2. Post Graduate Diploma in Disability Sports
3. Post Graduate Diploma in Fitness Management
4. Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Coaching

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 5. Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Journalism
6. Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Management
7. Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Nutrition
8. Post Graduate Diploma in Yoga Education
MASTER LEVEL COURSES
1. M.B.A. in Sports Management
2. M.Tech. in Sports Technology
3. Master of Arts in Physical Education
4. Master of Arts in Sport and Exercise Psychology
5. Master of Arts in Yoga
6. Master of Journalism and Mass Communication (Specialization – Sports Journalism)
7. Master of Physical Education and Sports
8. Master of Science in Exercise Physiology and Nutrition
9. Master of Science in Physical Education
10. Master of Science in Sports Biomechanics and Kinesiology
11. Master of Science in Sports Coaching
12. Master of Science in Sports Psychology and Sociology
13. Master of Science in Yoga
KHELO-INDIA
INDIA PROGRAM AND FIT – INDIA PROGRAM
1. KHELO INDIA
The federal government presented a proposal to
parliament in 2017 for a redesigned Khelo India
programme (Play India). The change was intended to
promote broad involvement as well as sporting
excellence. The approach, on the other hand, was
designed to solve a larger issue: resource allocation.
The Khelo India programme was revised to focus on
the influence of the whole sportss environment, including community sports, equipment, training for
excellence, talent identification, competition format and the sports economy.
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While previous sports programmes concentrated on equipment, the new initiative, according to
sports minister Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, is centred on developing skills and linking rural
India to global competitions.
Khelo India Programme is a national yojana/scheme for the development of sports in India. It was
launched in the year 2018 by the then Sports Minister Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore in Delhi.
This program has been launched to improve the sports culture in India.

 VISION OF KHELO INDIA

The vision of the Government of India behind launching the Khelo India Programme is to further
sports culture in India, especially at the grassroots level as well as achieve sporting excellence in the
country.
 MISSION
The mission of the Khelo India Programme is “to encourage sports for all thus allowing the
population across gender and all age groups to harness the power of sports through its cross- cutting
influence, namely, holistic development of children and youth, community development, social
integration, gender equality, healthy lifestyle, national pride and economic opportunities related to
sports development.”
 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMM
Aimed at mainstreaming sports as a tool for national development, economic development,
community development and individual development, the Union Cabinet approved the execution of
the revamped ‘Khelo India’ program by consolidating the ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan’ (formerly
called the ‘Yuva Krida & Khel Abhiyan’), the ‘Urban Sports Infrastructure Scheme’ and the
National Sports Talent Search System Programme’. The program strives to promote “Sports for
Excellence” as well as “Sports for All”.
The Khelo India initiative has been organised into 12 verticals to achieve the above goals:
1. Play field development
2. Community coaching development
3. State-level Khelo India centres
4. Annual sports competition

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 5. Talent search and development
6. Utilisation and creation/upgrade of sports infrastructure
7. Support to national/regional/state sports academics
8. Physical fitness of school children
9. Sports for women
10. Promotion of sports amongst people with disabilities
11. Sports for peace and development
12. Promotion of rural and indigenous/tribal games

initiative aimed at developing sports at

In conclusion, the Khelo India program is a comprehensive initiative
nurture young talent, develop world
the grassroots level in India. The program seeks to identify and nurture

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 he country. The program has the
class sports infrastructure, and promote a sporting culture in tthe
sporting powerhouse in the years to
potential to transform the sports landscape in India and make it a sporting
come.
2. FIT INDIA MOVEMENT
FIT INDIA Movement was launched on 29th August, 2019
by Honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi with a view to
make fitness an integral part of our daily lives. The mission
of the Movement is to bring about behavioural changes and
move towards a more physically
ally active lifestyle. The
program seeks to create awareness about the importance of
physical activity, promote healthy habits, and inspire people
to lead an active lifestyle.
 OBJECTIVE OF THE FIT INDIA MOVEMENT
Towards achieving this mission, Fit India proposes
proposes to undertake various initiatives and conduct
events to achieve the following objectives:
1. To promote fitness as easy, fun and free.
2. To spread awareness on fitness and various physical activities that promote fitness through
focused campaigns.
3. To encourage indigenous sports.
4. To make fitness reach every school, college/university, panchayat/village, etc.
5. To create a platform for citizens of India to share information, drive awareness and encourage
sharing of personal fitness stories.
 OTHER AREAS FOCUSED
USED ON BY THE FIT INDIA MOVEMENT
1. All pupils, staff, and instructors should be encouraged to exercise for at least one hour per day,
such as yoga, meditation, walking, cycling, aerobics, dance, and conventional martial arts
from their homes.
hould educate fitness leaders to mentor pupils on being physically fit.
2. Institutions should

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 3. Services of student volunteers from schools, professors, instructors, and former soldiers
should be secured. Invite health and motivational speakers on health and fitness to the
campus.
4. The university’s top management and professors should regularly join students and workers in
sports activities such as cycling, running, aerobics, walkathon, marathon, yoga, meditation,
etc., to set an example.
5. Students and teachers should be encouraged to walk more, use trains within the campus by
establishing cycling zones, use cycles on the campus, utilise gymnasium facilities, etc.
6. Encouraging psychological well-being through the addressing of students’ emotional issues.
Depression, anxiety, and stress management awareness or sensitisation sessions should be
held for instructors and pupils.
7. Pamphlets, handouts, and other information materials should be distributed to students. They
should be advised on a nutritious diet, given pamphlets and information material on the topic,
and encouraged to participate in activities for lifelong health education.
In conclusion, the Fit India program is a comprehensive initiative aimed at promoting fitness and a
healthy lifestyle among the citizens of India. The program seeks to create awareness about the
importance of physical activity, promote healthy habits, and inspire people to lead an active lifestyle.
The program has the potential to transform the health and fitness landscape in India and make it a
healthier and fitter nation. The United Nations has urged all citizens of this nation to go at least
10,000 steps each day and establish a habit.

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