PROBLEMS eRe Section 1-5 4. Vedity equilibrium Eq, 1-5 forthe x direction withthe aid of asketc, similar Ore: 1-6, where the stress increments for three-dimensional stresses are shown. 442, Show that the differential equations of equilibrium for a two-dimensional plane ses problem in polar coordinates are de yl He, mm or 7 88 7 Bea 4 1 doy, Dee a tr ety ‘The symbols are defined inthe figure. Body forces are neglected inthis formulation. Section 1-6 13. fan axial tensile force of 110 kips is applied to a member made of aW 8 x 24 ‘ection, what will the tensile stress be? What will the stress be if the member is a C 12x 207 section? For designation and cross-sectional areas of these members, See Tables 4A and Sin the Appendix. 14. In California a common conetete foundation block in residential construc- tion is similar to that shown in Fig. 1-9. If the floor construction and the applied {pds (called live loads) are estimated to be 50 Ib/sq ft and the pier supports 40 sq ‘of door, what is the magnitude of the applied force P? If the Douglas Fir wooden Post is St x Shin in cross section (size for 6 X 6 in), what is the axial stress in the Pert and the bearing stress on the conerete block? Ifthe concrete foundation block NaS 16in square atthe base, what is the bearing stress on the soil in Ib/sq ft? alect the weight of the pier. PROBLEMS 43+ 44° CH. STRESS 165. Am axially loaded connecting link having a T cross section in the figure is subjected to a uniform tensile stress of 150 MPa. Determine the magnitude of the applied force and the location of stress resultant. All dimensions are" mm. Seer ae: be 3 | Te Fig. PI-6 Fig. P17 Fig. PI-S r 1-6. A short 102 x 89 x 9.5 mm steel angle is subjected to a compressive force eitcing uniformly distributed stress of 16 ksi. Idealize the cross section as shown in figure and compare it with the handbook value of A = 1720 mm", where the refine” tant in rounding the comers is considered, Determine the location of the stress resultant. Compare with the handbook values of 24.3 mm and 30.8 mm. 4:7and 14. Short aluminum alloy members have the cross-sectional dimensions shown in the figures. If they are subjected to axial compressive forces of 100 KN’ tach find the points of application for these forees to cause no bending. All dimen- sions are in mm. 19. A bar of variable cross section, held on the left, is subjected to two concen- trated forces, and P,,as shown in the figure. (a) Find the maximum axial stress if «Py = SOKN and P, = 40 KN, A; ‘= 60 mm? and A; = 30 mm?. (b) On two separate + “qhiprams plot the exial force and the axial stress along the length ofthe bar. A Fig P19 f Fig. P1-10 1-10, A bar of variable cross section, held on the leff, is subjected to three forces, Ca eee Cau eees Coline saa tiea ceayieabaonentie bes axial force the axial stress along the ler ‘A; = 200mm,A, = 100 mm?,and A, = 150mm, Bee eee niterework Problem 1-10 by reversing the direction of the force P, wt ‘petermine the bearing stresses caused by the applied force at A, B,and C ad onden structure shown inthe figure. ll member sizes shown are nomial tory Appendix for US wanda sie of mtr ig P12 Feri 414A Three metal balls are suspended by three wires of equal length arranged in 18 shown in Fig. PI-13. The masses of the balls starting atthe top, are 2g (kg and 3 kg In the same order, beginning at the top, the wires have the fol- lowing diameters: 2 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1 mm, respectively. (a) Detemmine the highest ‘treed wire, (b) by changing the location of the balls optimize mass locations to achieve ystem with minimum stresses, Sections 1-6 and 1-7 144 On the same graph, plot the normal stress o, and the shear stress as func- tions ofthe angle @ defined in Fig, 1-12. Angle @ should range from 0" to 360" on the ‘hncssa. Identify the maxima and minima for these functions. ES, Fie 12(0), determine the angles 0 where the maps of and are 1G Using polar coordinate the same graph, plot 0, and 1, a8 functions tape dened in ig 112 Identity the maxima and minim or tee functions 12. A 10mm square bar is subjected to a tensile force P = 20KN, as shown in Fe Lita) (0) Using senke deteenine the normal and sear sees acting 00 toes fo td bob for 0 = 30". (b) Verify the results wing Eqs 1-78 and 1-70 the remults as in Fig. 1-12(g). ep, a Problem 1-17 for a 1/2-in square bar if P = 5 kips and @ = 20°, PROBLEMS 4546 cua stRESS 10 X 20 mm rectangular member at hat the shear strength ofthe glued joint (othe member? Assume the 1-19. A glued lap splice is to be made i a = 20°, a8 shown in the figure. Assuming tt controls the design, what axial force P can be applied shear strength of the glued joint to be 10 MPa. shown in the figure. ted by two 19-mm bolts as lane of con- 1 and shear bolt stresses along the 60° pl 100 kN. 1-20, The steel tees are bol Determine the average normal tact between the tees The applied akial force P = Section 1-8 1-21. A-40 x 60 mm wooden plank i plued to two 20 x 80 mm planks, as shown in Fig. 1-13(8). Ieach of the two glued surfaces is 40 X 80 mm and the applied force P = 20KN, what is the average shear stress in the joints? 1-22. Two 10-mm thick steel plates are fastened together, as shown in the figure, ty means of two 20-mm bolts that fit tightly into the hoes. If the joint transmits tensile force of 45 KN, determine (2) the average normal stress in the plates a section where no holes occur; (b) the average normal stress at the eritical section; {6) the average shearing stress in the bolts; and (4) the average bearing stress between the bolts and the plates. bolted connection resembling that shown in Figs. 1- 14(e).(0,(g), and (h) is shown in Fig, P1-231 The width ofthe plates is 60 mm; their thicknesses are = 10 mm. The snugly fitting bolt is 20 mm in diameter, Calculate the maximum normal stress in the plates atthe critical section due.tovan applied tensile force P = 70 KN. For the same condition calculate in the bearing and shear stresses in the bolt. Vo staan af 1-24, The power between two parallel shafts is transferred by means of a roller chain moonted on sprockets (Fig, P1-24). If the force developed by the chain at the driver sprocket C and P = 10 KN, what is the sheaf stress in the Keys? The keys for both sprockets are the same. Note that by knowing the magnitude of the force P ‘and the pitch diameter of a sprocket, the applfed torque to the shaft becomes” known. Find the force acting on 6 (wide) x 4 X 10 mm keys, ‘ 1-23. An exploded view of a * After G. Dreyer, Fesigkelslehre and Elasticldulehre (Leipzig. Germany: Janecke, 1938).PROBLEMS 47 185.75 mm pitch diameter 6x 4x 10mm key Hub, 40 mm dia. shaft + Sprocket hub Bearing planes smtachment dati Fig. PL23 FgPiz +e 1M& Per American Institute of Steel Construction, for bolts to transfer a shear fore wihoat slipping, the bolts must be thoroughly tightened. For example, for a inbigh-trength steel bolt of A490 grade, the minimum tension is 64, resulting in tmalowable shear force of 16.5 k. The hardened steel washers used with such bolts ‘tein ouside diameter. With these data, estimate the pressure developed under vaher Further, assuming that the effective material 0.5 in below the plate surface is 3inin diameter, determine the average pressure for this condition. (See Fig. 1-15.) 126 Consider the fillet welds shown in Fig. P1-26. Noting that the critical stress ¢ccun in a45* weld throat such as ab, derive an equation expressing the allowable force Q per inch of weld. Let the allowable shear stress through the throat be 21 ksi. Fig. P1-26| t 48 cH STRESS 1.27. Rework Example 1-3 in SI units given in the figure: Je diameter is subjected direction, as shown cial stress? Plot the 1-28 A 2-mm-thick hollow circular tube of 30 mm oft tn the ouside surface toa constant shear of 10 Pain the axa) {nthe igure. the tube is 400 im ong, what isthe maximum 28 variation of the axial stress along the tube. 10Pa ¢ yf» 10——— Fig P1-28 1.29. A short compression member is made up of two standard stee! pipes && se i the igure Ifthe allowable stress in compression is 100 MPa, (a) what's sow Soe il load P ifthe axial load P, = 200 kN; (b) what is the allowable load Pyifload Py = 65 KN? See Table 7in the Appendix for cross-sectional areas of US. standard pipes. 64 mm pipe Fig. P1-29 102 mm pipe 1:30, A.rod of variable cross section built in at one end is subjected to three axial forces as shown in the figure. Find the maximum normal stress. pris! 0.0012 m? 31048 i a 180 KN Fig P1-30 1.3L Rework the piteeding problem, assuming that the (axial) end force, instead ‘of being 180 kN, is to be such as to cause the same maximum normal stresses in the cao ines of the rod. The 90 KN and the 310 KN axial forces remain applied, and the maximum normal stress for the smaller part ofthe rod may be either between these two fores or nearer tothe free end Investigate both conditions tb) te) {All dimensions in mm) ig. P12?yr bolt A caused by the applied sgt shear steess in 3d by the applied load shown in the we otis 60 jameter, and it acts in double shear. All dimensions are feet om srt pedal for actuating 8 spring mechanism is shown inthe figure yas, Aeon sess in pins A and B du 0 force Pwhen it canes ses of caegin 0dAB oth pins are in double shear. as! 13st. AG-diameter cylindrical tank is to be supported at each end of « hanger aegd as ahown in the Ggure. The total weight supported by the two hangers is TatDetesnne the shear stresses in the 1-in-diameter pins at points A and B due ‘ote weight of the tank, Neglect the weight ofthe hangers and astume that con: tua between the tank and the hangers is frictionless. 18 Twosteel wires with well-designed attachments and ajoint are subjected 10 an ‘uemal force of 800 Nas shown inthe figure. The diameter of wire AB is 2.68 mm tat thal of wire BCs 2.52 mm. (a) Determine the stresses inthe wires caused by the applied vertical force (b) Are the wire sizes well chosen? q — Fig. PL-35 propLems 49 600 200 Fig. PL-32SO citi sTREss in-oit 1 cal diame 1-36 A force of 800 kN is propped up by two pin-joined 102-mm nomical dis ter standard steel pipes as shown in the figure (see Table 7 in the Appendix for structural properties). Determine the axial stresses in each of the two pipes caused bby the epplied force. All forces lay in plan. P=800kN q 3 1500 1500 ne [-+-—s000 3000 —-| e Fig. P16 Fig. P1-37 2 1.37. A planar circular three-hinge arch consists of two segments as shown in the figure. Determine the reactions A:and B caused by the application of a vertical force P = 100 kN at C hinge. Ifthe hinge pins at A and B are 20 mm in diameter and each pin acts in double shear, what shear stresses develop in the pins due to P? 1-38. A braced structural frame is designed to resist the lateral forces shown in the figure. Neglecting the frame weight, determine the axial stresses in members BD, FG, and DE; the respective areas for these members are 160, 400, and. 130mm",ar system consists of a rectangular beam AC supported by at se ad 'BE and a pin at C, as shown in the igure, Mentor AE i ie x0 Ay 5 nim parallel fat bars and pin C, ating in doe shear, 19 mm ee O¥ Determine the exal stress in bars AE and the shearin pin C. is py means of numerous vertical hanger, the cable shown inthe figure i } toppart a continuously distributed load, This load, together with the gers.can be approximated as a uniformly distributed load of 2kN/m. pete | the cross section required for the cable if the yield strength of the mate- jal! MPa and the required factor of safety is 2. (Hint: The cable assumes the Soe ota parabola and develops only a horizontal force H at its lowest point. The puperrutant ata Support is equal to the largest force in the cable.) ctl CoRR ries t mae Fig. P1-40 ML Three equal 0.5-kg masses are attached to a 10-mm-diameter wire, as shown the Ggure,and are rotated around a vertical axis as shown in Fig, Pl-41,ona fric- tales plane at 4 Hz. Determine the axial stresses in the three segmients of the vireand plot the results on a diagram as a function of r. Consider the masses to be ‘cocearated as points Fig PI-41 . M4 A barof constant cross-sectional area A is rotated around one of its ends in ‘torizonta plane with a constant angular velocity w, as in the figure. The unit ‘pt ofthe material i 7, Determine the variation of the stress g along the bar ‘¢plo the result on a diagram as a function ofr, propLems 5152. CH. STRESS AS DESIGN CRITERIA 1-43, A small bulldozer is to be designed to horizontally push with a force of GAN while a vertical downward force of 18 kN can develop on the blade, as shown in the figure. Two symmetrically patched pins A are to resist the applied forces. ‘What size pins should be used ifthe allowable shear stress is 20 MPa? Fig. P1-43 1-44. Whats the required diameter of pin B forthe bell crank mechanism shown in the figure if an applied force of 60 KN at A is resisted by a force Pat C? The allowable shear stress is 100 MPa. force is to be made by means of a pin, as shown in the figure. Ifthe diameter of the rods being connected is D,what should be the diameter d of the pin? Assume that the allowable shear stress in the pi half the maximum tensile stress in the rods (In Section 12-16, it will be shown that this ratio for the allowable stresses is an excellent assumption for many materials) i Tit ‘ Fe Fig. PI-45 Fig. PL-46 1-46, What minimum distances a and b are required beyond the notches in the horizontal member of the truss shown in the figure? All members are nominally 200 x 200 mm in cross section. (See Table 9 in the Appendix for the actual size.) ‘Assume the ultimate strength of wood in shear parallel to the grain to be 3.5 MPa. Use a factor of safety of 5. (This detail is not recommended.) 2m-—}-—4 mine rvcture shown inthe figure, calculate the sie ofthe a, Fo the tes equired ithe allowable stresses ae 18000 pe ee ae rag. Neglect the weight of the beams. Bearing Fig. PL-47 at, Fad the required cros-sectinal areas for all tension members in Exam- pie 16 The allowable stress is 140 MPa. 148, Rework Example 1-6 after revising the data as follows: The total height of Cerrusis25 m,the total width is 5 m,the applied force Ps 600 KN. Let the allow- able tense stress be 140 MPa. 1.5% Two high-strength steel rods of different diameters are attached at A and C todnoport «mass M at B, as shown in the Gigure. What mass M can be supported? ‘heuitinae strength ofthe rods is 800 MPa and the factor of safety is tobe 2. Rod AB bas A= 200 mm; rod BC has A = 400 mm?, (The ends of the rods in such ‘ppleatons require special attachments) PROBLEMS 53Sd car stress ASL, A NOkg mass is hung by means ofa pulley as shown in the figure, The pulley 1s supported by the frame ABC. Find the required cross-seetional areas for mem- bers AC and BC ifthe allowable stress in tension is 140 MPa and in compression, determined by the metheal of Chapter 16,is 95 MPa Fig PLSI 162. A beam witha force of 500 KN at one ends supported by a strutted cable as shown in the figure. Find the horizontal and vertical components of the reactions at ‘A,B, and D. Uf the allowable tensile stress is 140 MPa and the allowable compres- sive stress is 100 MPa, what isthe required cross-sectional area of members AC, BC, and CE? (Hint Isolate the beam DF Ost.) 12m A 9 : cable lc 2 al 0 18 2 Fig. PL-S2 i 1-53. A tower used for a highline is shown inthe figure. Ifit is subjected to hori zontal force of 600 kN and the allowable stresses are 100 MPa in compression and * 140 MPa in tension. what is the required cross-sectional area of each membef? All ‘members are pin connected. 1-54, For the frame shown for Problem 1-38, find the required cross-sectional areas for members AB, AD. and BF. The allowable stress in tension is 120 MPa and that in compression is 85 MPa, Fig. PISSyrowiems 55 + truss system has the dimensions shown in the figure. Member AE Sf yuous and can resist ‘bending. All joints ate pinned. Determine the diameter incatiwre tension member AB to carry the spplied force at A.’The allowable resist . eels Fig. PL-SS . el 156, A planar frame has the dimensions shown in the Ggure. Members AC and DF sre continuous and can resist bending, All joints are pinned. Determine the diameler required of a high-strength steel rod for member CD. Assume that the tukimate strength for the rod is 1250 MPa and that the efficiency ofthe end attach- ments is 80%. The safety factor for the rod is 1.5. D_30kN Fig PLS6 Fig. PLS . e, ‘To support a load P = 200 KN, determine the necessary diameter for rods 42 tod AC forte tripod shown in the figure. Neglect the weight ofthe structure thease thatthe joints are pin connected, No allowance bas 10 ‘be made for ‘The allowable tensile strength is 120 MPa. All dimensions are in meters$6 CH.1 STRESS 14 frame for supporting a force P is shown in the figure. rs AB and BCis to be the same, Determine the angle a nec- 1:88. A pin-connectet ight of construction. Members AB and BC have Stress in both member essary to achieve the minimum wei ‘a constant cross section. Section 1-11 1-59. By integrating the probability function or using a table (state source), verify the areas contained within one and two standard deviations from the mean shown in Fig. 1-25. 1-60. By direct algebra verify the standard des ‘example in Fig. 1-26(c). jons.from the mean for the